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QOVBHNSfEMT FRINTINO OFFXOB

THE

INLAND PRINTER

The Leading Trade Journal of the World

in THE

Printing and Allied Industries

VOLUME 60

October, 1917, to March, 1918

CHICAGO, ILL., U. S. A.

The Inland Printer Company, Publishers

INDEX TO THE INLAND PRINTER

VOLUME 60.

OCTOBER, 1917, TO MARCH, 1918.

A PAGE

Accounting System in the Small Newspaper
and Job-Printing Office, Simplifying

the (illustrated) . . . 189

Activities of the Government in Behalf of

Better Paper Supply (illustrated) . 371

Advertising Platemaking . 754

Advertising Service, How to Start a Produc¬
tive . 33

Air Brush for Artists, Engravers, Photog¬
raphers, Etc., New (illustrated) . 251

Allen, Henry, Suffers Serious Accident . 394

Allen, Lane & Scott, Philadelphia, Progress. 534
Altoona (Pa.) Mirror Workers Have Big

Time on Eighty-First Birthday of Boss. 394
American Institute of Graphic Arts, The. . . 533
American “ Jackies ” Take Their Printer

with Them . 398

American Press Association, Buys Plate

Business of . 105

American Pulley Company Issues an In¬
formative Booklet, The . 537

American Type Founders Company, Chicago

Branch of, in New Quarters . 670

American Type Founders Company, Port¬
land Branch, Moves into New Quarters. 393
Apprentice Px-oblems in West Africa (illus¬
trated) . 764

Art Director's Directions to Artists, An. . . . 532
Art Electrotype Foundry, Cleveland, Cele¬
brates Fifth Birthday . 250

Association of Printing Salesmen of Min¬
neapolis . 351

Attachment to Expedite Feeding Platen

Presses, A New . 251

Ault & Wiborg Company Now Produces All

Its Dyestuffs . 251

Australian Printing Field, Notes from the. 809

Backert, John C., New York City. An¬
nounces the “Junior Bull Dog” Trim¬
mer ( illustrated ) . 395

Baker, U. G., Buys Pennsylvania News¬
paper . 393

Barnhart Brothers & Spindler Bring Out a

Distinctive Type-Face . 537

Barnhart Brothers & Spindler Move Big

Plant . 816

Barrett, Walter W., Candidate for Re-elec¬
tion to I. T. U. Office . 815

Berger & Wirth an American Concern . 670

Bermingham & Seaman Company Now Sea¬
man Paper Company . 252

Boedicker Photo-Litho Machine, Expert
Printers and Lithographers See Stere-

opticon Demonstration of . 812

Bookbinding :

Bookbinding . 83, 369

Book Cloth Cutting Gage . 84

Determine Number of Sheets to Be
Folded in a Section for Patent-Back

Guards, To . 84

No Need of Wrapping Faint-Line Ruling-
Pens When Only One Color of Ink

Is Used . 369

Roach-Proof Binding . 369

Roll Cloth Cutting Table . 84

Round Corner Lapper . 84

Stamping Ribbon . 83

Three-Knife Book-Trimmer . 370

Thumb-Index Cutter for Reference Books. 370

Titles on Law Books, Printing . 369

Trimming Heads and Tails of Blank

Books . 84

Book Review :

A Roman Alphabet and How to Use It.. . 247

Book Review . 246, 391, 531, 808

Caesar in Gaul . 531

“ Fundamentals of Cost and Profit Ac¬
counting ” . 808

Book Review — Continued: page

Lockwood's Directory for 1918 . 246

Newsboy Service . 246

Plate Printing and Die Stamping . 391

“ Printers' Insurance Protective Inven¬
tory System,” New Revised Edition.. 808

Printer’s Ready Reckoner . 391

Printing for Profit . 665

Printing for School and Shop . 531

The Art and Practice of Typography. . . . 246

The Compositor's Russian Primer . 391

The Distillation of Resins . 246

The Secret of Typewriting Speed . 531

"The 'Wellcome' Photographic Exposure

Record and Diary for 1918 " . 808

Women's Work in War Time . 391

Boyle, Daniel, Completes Fifty Years at

Printing . 814

Bradley, William Aspenwall, Now With

Yale University Press . 248

" Butler” Picnic, Second Annual . 108

Carnegie Institute Graphica, The . 813

Carrier Boy Problem. How One Newspaper

Has Solved the . 109

Cartoonist in Congress, A . 380

Central Division of Printing Teachers’ Or¬
ganization, New Secretary for . 669

Chalk Overlay Board, New York Firm to

Make . 249

Challenge Machinery Company Announces

New Press, The (illustrated) . 395

Challenge Machinery Company Elects New

Officers, The . 533

Chicago Paper Company, Sales Conference

of . 249

Chicago Paper Dealers Start Movement for

Conservation . 395

Collectanea Typographica :

And This Happened in America! . 759

Apology for Things That Are Past, An.. 487

Big Prices for Printing . 488

Collectanea Typographica . 487, 759

Dynasty of Wealthy Printers, A . 759

Money-Making Historian, A . 488

More Than Its Weight in Gold . 488

“ No Time to Read ” . 759

Youthful Printers and the Past . 488

Collins, A. M., Manufacturing Company.

Has New Offerings for the Printing-
Trade . 397

Colored Inserts :

Caught in the Act . Facing page 233

Christmas . Facing page 321

Color as Applied to Catalogue Illustration,

The Use of . Facing page 753

Cover-Page of an Engraver’s House-

Organ . Facing page 481

Credit . Facing page 609

Demonstrating the Value of Color in Cata¬
logue Printing . Facing page 623

Iowa Magazine, Cover-Design of .

Facing page 769
“ Monarch of All I Survey ".Facing page 521
Old Gateway, Fort Washington Park,

New York City . Facing page 761

Photography in Cover-Design .

Facing page 649

Service — Pleasing Wall-Hanger by The
Holmes Press, Philadelphia, Pennsyl¬
vania . Facing page 664

Seybold Machine Foundry, Pouring Off in

the . Facing page 793

Specimen of Color Printing Used in Ad¬
vertising Typewriters . . Facing page 377
The Battle-Cry of Business .. Facing page 465
The Bridle Path in Van Courtland Park,

New York City . Facing page 625

The Quill, Cover-Design of. .Facing page 768

The Use of Color as Applied to Catalogue

Illustrations . Facing page 337

Colored Inserts — Continued: page

“ When the Frost Is on the Punkin’, and

the Fodder’s in the Shock ”..... .

Facing page 193

Work . Facing page 177

Commissions and Gratuities Eliminated in

Selling Ink . 495

Comparative Type Space . 184

Competition — The Death or the Life of

Trade . 640

Composite Statement, The . 101

Conkey, W. B., Company, New Sales Man¬
ager for . 106

Cook County Printers and Editors Join

National Editorial Association . 395

Copperplate Press, New Intaglio (illus¬
trated) . 108

Copyholder to Proofreader, From. . .43, 185,

332, 477, 621, 751

Cornell, Fred, to Manage Kansas City
Branch of Barnhart Brothers &

Spindler . 106

Correction, A . 393

Correspondence :

Appeal from France to the Printers of

America, An . 755

Boosting the Thrift Stamp Movement . 755

Cooperative Catalogues . 195

Copy Editing, More About . 51

Correspondence . 51, 195, 339, 483, 627, 755

Hiring Job-Press Feeders . 485

In the “ Good Old Days ” . 756

Is the Cost System Overdone? . 340

Lead-Poisoning? . 483

Letters We Appreciate . 483

Mortimer Company, Direct - Advertising

Campaign of the . 484

Newspapers and Magazines Wanted for

the Boys at the Front . 627

New York as a Printing Center . 483

New York the Printing Center of the

World . 755

Printing Should Rank as First Industry. . 195
Publishing Copyrighted Songs Without

Consent of Owner of Copyright . 627

Referred to Employing Printers in Cen¬
tral or Western Iowa . 340

Reply to the Urging of Young Printers
to the Realization of Future Oppor¬
tunities, A . 51

“Simplifying Oriental Languages” . 339

Style in Printing? Why . 195

“Swift” Hand Composition . 52

Teaching of Printing, The . 755

Trade Papers to the Boys in the Camps,

Send . 627

What Is a Proofreader? . 484

Cost and Method :

Cheer Up, There Is a Better Day Coming. 489

Composing-Room Depreciation . 766

Cost and Method _ 89, 198, 345, 489, 633, 766

Cost System Overdone, Thinks the . 345

Cutting Stock . 491

Cutting Stock Affects Register . 634

Daily Time-Ticket, The . 767

Don't Crowd — Just Push! . 767

Efficiency, The Obvious in . 634

Estimating Service . 633

Estimating with the Foot Rule . 91

Home-Made Cost Systems . 199

How He Fools Himself . 347

Increasing Costs . 89

Keeping Samples of Paper . 634

Keeping Tab on Results . 490

Keeping Tab on Standing Jobs (illus¬
trated ) . 90

Lock-Up, The Cost of . 635

Lost Time, Sources of . 489

Meeting War Conditions . 198

Operation Hour-Costs . 490

Percentage of Productive Time . 766

Picking to Profit, From . 200

Pressroom versus Composing-Room . 91

1 NDEX

Cost and Method — Continued: PAGE

Price-List Versus the Estimate, The . 768

Printer’s Errors, The . 489

Proofs . Jj35

Records, The Value of . 346

Shop Meeting, The . 199

Standardizing Sizes . 19®

Type and Electrotyping . 491

Type-Faces. Too Many . 90

Where Do You Live? . 200

Why a Cost System? . 346

Costs of Bindery Operations (with tables).

474. 617, 746

Court Decision Regarding Photoengraving,

A . 753

Cox, Alfred J. — Master Binder (illustrated) 227

Craftsmen’s First Fall Meeting . 106

Craftsmen Hear Fine Lecture . 249

Craftsmen See Industrial Exhibits . 669

Craig'-Finley & Co. Fifty Years Old . 393

Cutting Advertising, Danger in . 800

De-Inked Paper, Makes Good . 528

Denver, Colorado, Printing-Trades, The.... 668

Denver Printing-Trades, Notes of the . 814

Dressing the Book . 325

Economy Engineering Company Locates Of¬
fice in New York City . 816

Editorial:

Advertising Platemaking . 754

Correcting an Abuse . 193

“ Cost of Health Supervision in Industry ” 50

Court Decision Regarding Photoengrav¬
ing, A . 753

Editorial . 49, 193, 337, 481, 625, 753

Is Printing an Essential Industry? . 337

Labor Matters in Connection with the

War . 49

New Features for 1918 . 481

Printing-Ink Situation, The . 626

Repeal the Zone System of Second-Class

Matter . 482

Second-Class Postage Rates . 338

Short Courses for Foremen . . . 50

Something for Employing Printers to

Think Over . 626

“ Sound Printing ” . 482

Special Announcment . 625

Third-Class Postage, No Increase in . 625

War Convention of the Chamber of Com¬

merce, The . .... . 194

Water-Power Legislation . 50

Workers Needed for the Shipyards . 754

Editorial Brain-Fag, A Haven for . 85

Editors, Proofreaders and Operators . 62

Efficiency the Watchword . 335

Efficiency the Watchword with Iowa Press. 535
Electric Feeder Production Again Reaches

Normal . 816

Electrotypers See Handwriting on the Wall. 237
Electrotypers, Western Divisional Meeting

of . 812

Embossing, Practical Hints on . 41

Estimating Costs on Jobwork . 82

Farmer and His Newspaper, The . 789

Fell’s, E. Lawrence, Birthday . 394

Fell, William F., Company, The Business

Success of . 375

Flint, L. N., Appointed Head of Kansas

University of Journalism Department.. 108

Foreign Graphic Circles, Incidents in .

53, 196, 341, 485, 628, 757

Francis, Charles, A Card from . 812

Franklin-Typothetse of Chicago, Annual

Meeting of . 249

Franklin-Typothetse of Chicago, Committee

Appointments of . 397

Franklin-Typothetse of Chicago’s Good-

Fellowship Dinner . 812

Freak Poetry, Now It’s . 758

Gaining New Business, Suggestions for. . . . 612
Gavit, J. P., Retires from Managing Editor¬
ship of New York Evening Post . 533

German Control of Chilean Paper Trade... 664

Getting Out of the Ruts . 741

Good English, Divergent Views of . 792

Grant, Harlo R., Announces New Display

Fixtures . 248

Graphic Colorplate Engraving Company,

New York City, Requires Larger Quar¬
ters . 533

Gray Printing Company's New Home, The

(illustrated) . .• • • • 795

Guessing at Approximates, The Fascinat¬
ing Game of . 609, 737

Gummed Papers, New Sample-Book of . 816

H PAGE

Health of Workers in the Printing Industry,

Conserving the . 181

Holiday Orders, Personal Solicitation of (il¬
lustrated ) 247

Houk, O. J., to Cover Pennsylvania for

The Intertype Corporation . 106

Howe Addressing Company’s Removal . 536

How to Keep in Touch . 638

Human Weakness, The One. . 46

Hurlbut, Ira D., Editor, Printer, Inventor. 245

Illustrations:

African Print-Shop, with Apprentices,

Elat, Cameroun . 764

Bookbinding, Specimens of, from Master

Hand of A. J. Cox . 226, 228, 229

Bringing in the Logs for the Sawmill. ... 765
Brown, Blodgett & Sperry Company,

Home of .

Cathedral at Rheims, The .

Clubhouse and Home for Oklahoma Edi¬
tors . _ .

Copperplate Press, New Intaglio .

Detroit News, Views in the New Plant of

Drawing by Duilio Cambellotti for a
Propaganda Booklet Published by the

“ Credito Italiano ” .

Eagle White Lead, Store-Card for .

Findlay, Ohio, Morning Republican News¬
boys’ Band .

Force Behind the World of Business, The

— The Printer . .

Gray Printing Company, Fostoria, Ohio,

New Building of the .

Grinnell Herald, Grinnell, Iowa, New

Home of the .

Handy Thing, A . .

Ideas in the Form of Calendars and

School Annuals .

“Junior Bull Dog” Trimmer .

Largest Book in the World, The . 516

Lee Job and News Press, The New . . 395

Machine Composition, Specimen of Intri¬
cate, by Arthur G. Leisman . 518

Making Type in Office of the Tokio

Asahi . 651

Moonlight from Rosario Beach, Decep¬
tion Pass. San Juan Islands . 638

Patriotic Wall-Card by Corday & Gross

Company . 238

Printer’s Mark of Christopher Plantin. . . 759

Printer’s Own Calendar, The. . . 92

Processes Necessary to the Making of a

Zinc Etching, Illustrating the . 235

Public Press. Limited, of Winnipeg, New

Home of the . 848

Red Lake Falls Gazette, New Building

and Plant of the . • 796

Scene in Composing-Room of Tokio

Asahi . 6®2

Schoolboys Learning to Drill . . 765

Students at Short Course for Printers,

Iowa State College . 107

Telzit Slide-Rule, The . 814

There Are Half-Tones and Half-Tones.. . 762
United Typothetse of America, New Em¬
blem of . 897

Waiting for Copy (Cartoon by John T.

Nolf ) . 330

Importance of Good Bookkeeping . 379

Incidents in Foreign Graphic Circles .

53, 196, 341, 485, 628, 757

Independent Contractors . 479

Individual Efficiency, Improving . 81

Individuality in Machine Composition . 367

Intertype Corporation’s Eastern Sales De¬
partment, New Location for . 248

Intertype Users, Handbook for . 816

Iowa Printer-Foremen Go to School at Iowa

State College for Three Days . 107

Irish Press. Censorship . 348

Is Printing an Essential Industry? . 337

Is There Need for More Protection for

Type-Faces? . 798

Job Composition:

Advertising Programs . 65

Advertisement Contest, Result of . 777

Calendars Received . 780

Criticism Contest, Result of . 217

Greeting-Cards Received . 641

Holiday Printing, Thoughts on . 353

Job Comnosition . . . 65. 207, 353, 497, 641, 777

Optical Horizontal Balance . 497

Putting Selling Power Into ’Em . 207

Job-Presses in Good Condition, To Keep. . . . 784
’’ Jobwork ” to Specialty Manufacturing,

From . 327

John Swift, Superintendent — The Man

Who Knew How (illustrated) . 321

Jones, Charles D., Leaves Ullman-Philpott

Company to Enter Newspaper Business. 535
Jones. Samuel, & Co., Employees of, Invest

in Liberty Bonds . 533

203

492

108

526

342

378

109

795

535

197

368

395

K PAGE

Kaupp & Son, Philadelphia, Make Improve-

Keogh, P. B., Retires After Thirty-Three

Years of Service . 109

Kings Are Up and Coming, The . 109

Lewis, A. F., Completes New York Edition

of 1918 “ Printing-Trades Blue Book ”. 536

Love for the Art, A . 86

Ludlow Typograph, Booklets on the . 816

Ludlow Typograph Company Opens Chi¬
cago Office . 394

Lutheran Centennial, Printing and the

Fourth . 54

Machine Composition :

Alignment of Vertical Rules, Imperfect. . 240
Border Slide Gives Trouble in Casting... 802
Care of Machines According to Schedule. 801

Eccentric Needs Resetting . 517

Electrically Heated Metal-Pot, More

About the . 664

Electric Metal-Pots Are a Success . 381

Gasoline Burners, How to Obtain Good

Results with . 63

How Many Errors Should a Linotype

Operator Make? . 63

How Many Hours Should an Operator

Work? . 518

How Much Time Should Be Spent in Car¬
ing for a Machine? . 64

How to Return Cams to Normal When

the Mold-Disk Is Bound with Metal. . 517

Increasing Speed on the Linotype . 239

Lady Operator Remedies Leaky Pot

Mouthpiece . 518

Leaky Pot-Mouth . 381

Line Governor Not Needed with Thermo¬
stat . 663

Lower Distributor Screw Is Out of Time. 239
Machine Composition ... 63, 239, 381, 517,

663, 801

Magazine Plate Deflected . 801

Matrices Bent in the Distributor Box.... 240

Matrices Drop Irregularly . 663

Matrix Bruised on Under Side of Lower

Front Lug . 663

Matrix Damaged by Striking Rail of Line-

Delivery Channel . 63

Matrix Lug Damaged by Contact with

Rail of Line-Delivery Channel . 63

Metal Splashes from Obscure Cause . 240

Mold-Keeper Out of Position . 517

Molds Should Not Be Polished with an

Abrasive . 382

Recasting of Slugs, Irregularity in . 663

Remelting of Linotype Metal . 382

Removing Escapement on Model 4 . 518

Ribless Slugs from Linotype Mold . 518

Slugs Bind in Ejecting . 382

Spacebands and Matrices, Transposition

of . 664

Spacebands, Bending of . 239

Stretching Bar-Point Prevents the Rais¬
ing of Two Thin Matrices . 663

Teeth of Matrix Are Damaged by Bruised

Rails . 64

Thin Matrices Bend in Distributor Box.. 64
Tight Lines Cause Damage to Matrix

Lugs . 517

Transpositions Can Not Be Corrected by

Oiling Assembler-Slide . 663

Wear on Matrix Lugs . 381

Which Back Mold-Wiper Should Be Used? 801
Withdrawing Spent Gas from Linotype

Pot Burners, Method of . 63

Machine Composition Club, Annual Dinner

of . 814

Machine Composition, Individuality in . 367

McLaughlin, W. C., New Secretary of the

Whitaker Paper Company . 538

Meetings :

Craftsmen's First Fall Meeting . 106

Franklin-Typothetse of Chicago, Annual

Meeting of . 249

Northern Indiana Editorial Association,

Forty-Eighth Annual Convention of. 107
United Typothetse and Franklin Clubs of

America Convention, A Review of the 94
Washington State Editors Meet at Che-

halis . 105

Mergenthaler Linotype Company Sends Out

Interesting Booklet . 538

Mid-West Box Company and the K. I.

Herman Company Consolidate . 534

Milk Bottles of Paper, Making . 93

Miller Saw-Trimmer Company Increases

Sales Force . 248

Mistakes We Make, The . 520

Model Country Print-Shop, A . 797

Modern Newspaper Plant, A — The New

Home of the Detroit News . 525

Monotype Company Divides New York-

Boston District . 396

Monotype Specimen Book of Type-Faces,

The . 248

Movable Metallic Type, The First . 661

I N. D E X

N PAGE

National Foreign Trade Convention . 668

, New Keystone Manager . 394

New Pastures for Ambitious Printers . 466

New Printers' Buildings (illustrated) . 795

Newspaper English . 632

Newspaper Space, Giving Away . 623

Newspaper Work;

Advertisements, To Promote Interest in.. 804

Advertising, The A B C of . 803

Agent Should Get Only the Commission

He Earns . 88

An Epigram . 803

Are Foreign Subscribers Worth While?.. 88

Business Literature Wanted . 521

Christmas Edition, A — Somewhat Typ¬
ical . 804

Community Date-Book . 803

Contest in Ad Composition . 386

Correct Names of Towns, To Get the. ... 88

Do Commissions Take the Profit? . 241

How One Newspaper Met Increased

Costs . 521

“ Insert and Send Bill” . 87

Jumbling of Receipts Produces Loss . 87

Newspaper Work . 87, 241, 385, 521, 803

No Money in This, Either . 87

Press-Agent, A Helpful . 804

Rate-Cards, A “ Horrible Example ” in. . 803

Review of Newspapers and Advertise¬
ments . 243, 387, 522, 805

Sale and Lease Value of a Newspaper,

The . 385

Sell Service, Not Space . 522

Supplements, Rate on . 88

Two Advertising Suggestions . 88

Two-Dollar Country Weekly, The . 386

“What They Say” . 803

News-Print Marketing Conditions Again

Under Federal Scrutiny . 659

New York Master Printers’ Association. . . . 533

New York's New Public Printer . 103

New York the Printing Center of the

World . 206

Non-Essential Business . 352

Northern Indiana Editorial Association,

Forty-Eighth Annual Convention of. . . 107
Northwestern Electric Company Brings Out

New Push-Button Control and Motor. . 250
Novel War-Fund Club Formed in Large

New York Plant, A . 396

Obituary :

Foster, William French . 104

Hagney, Michael J . 811

Hicks, Colonel John . 810

Lahan, Charles Beecher . 104

Lane, William . 392

Lange, Louie A . 811

Lee, James L . 104

Lincoln, George E . 810

McGovern, John ..., . 539

Ostrander, John Wesley . 668

Parkhill, Samuel J . 104

Pilgrim, Isaac Bowen . 104

Polhemus, Henry Woodruff . 392

Schell, Joseph P . 811

Speed, Henry B . 104

Thompson, Harry 1 . 811

Turner, Harry . 811

Warburton, Frederick J . 392

Warrener, Harrison P . 539

Whitcombe, G. H . 392

Old-Time Printer Custodian of $35,000,000. 108

O'Neill, Arthur S . 249

Organization Work :

Ben Franklin Club of Cincinnati. Ohio... 529
Ben Franklin Club of Cleveland, Ohio. .. . 529

Franklin-Typothetse of Chicago . 530

Graphic Arts Organization, Kansas City,

Missouri . 529

Organization Work . 529

Typothetae-Franklin Association of De¬
troit, Michigan . 530

Organized Industry . 383

Oswego Machine Works Makes Large

Growth . 670

Philadelphia Craftsmen's Anniversary Ban-

. quet . . 812

Philadelphia Craftsmen Have Big Meeting. 398
Philadelphia Craftsmen Have Big Night. . . 534
Philadelphia Firm Enjoys Big Expansion of

Business, Another . 536

Philadelphia School of Estimating a Success. 535
Pittsburgh Post Was Seventy-Five Years

Old on September 10 . 106

Plain Facts. Just . 374

Pleasant Side of a Printer’s Life . 376

Poetry :

Pay Till It Hurts . 390

Sizzling at the Keyboard . 797

The Boys on the Firin’ Line . 376

Portraits :

Baer, John M . 380

Barrett, Walter W . 815

Boardman, Brigadier-General C. R . 657

Boyle, Daniel . 814

Portraits — ■ Continued : page

Brady, Peter J . 629

Bronson, Edgar S . 85

Brookes, Morton S . 530

Cox, Alfred J . 227

Edwards, Charles W . 802

Foy, John J . 237

Francis, Charles . 665

Gage, Fred W . 10(1

Gray, George M . 795

Gray, Gordon . 795

Gray, James G . 795

Gray, Merton B . 795

Green, William Harris . 532

Hastie, John W . 530

Hayes, Harry R . 669

Hurlbut, Ira D . . . 245

Jenks, George E . 813

Johnstone, George D . 790

Jones, Charles D . 535

Keogh, P. B . 109

Lahan, Charles Beecher . 104

Lange, Louie A . 811

Lee, James L . 105

Leighton, Clarence . 351

Lincoln, George E . 810

Lufft, Johannes . 54

Mansfield, John E . 787

McLaughlin, W. C . 538

McLeod, R. C . 351

Moulton, Benjamin P . 100

Neal, Harry S . 351

Nelson, R. B . 530

Nichols, Fred B . 108

O'Neill, Arthur S . 249

Ostrander, John Wesley . 668

Peterson, Elmer Arthur, Jr . 56

Plantin, Christopher . 760

Rowley, Harry . 538

Scott, William H . 534

Slep, Harry . 394

Southworth, Arthur E . 100

Stewart, Enoch W . 790

Stone, Irving K . 515

Stone, I. L . 515

Warrener, Harrison P . 539

Woodfield, C. L . 530

Postoftice Regulation That Is Worth Know¬
ing, A (illustrated) . 250

Pressroom :

“Biscuit” Overlay? What Is a . 55

Bronze Inks . 793

Composition Rollers, The Care of . 55

Condition of Rollers Important in Pro¬
ducing Good Work . 793

Country Publisher’s Trouble, A . 513

Electricity in Stock Due to Heat . 513

Excellent Colorwork from Australia . 793

Half-Tone Fills Up . 202

Half-Tone Work Needs Overlaying . 513

Hand Bronzing Dangerous to Health.... 55

Label, Imperfectly Inked . 201

Mechanical Overlay for Small Shop . 201

Overcoming Trouble with Bond-Paper on

Automatic Feeder . 794

Pennants, Printing of . 514

Plate-Marking a Banquet Invitation . 794

Powdered Mica Eliminates Electricity

from Paper . 639

Pressman Troubled with Register on

Cardboard . 202

Pressroom . 55, 201, 377, 513, 639, 793

Print Envelopes with Flaps Open . 793

Questions from a Pressman . 377

Red Plate Filled Up Frequently . 639

Ruled Blank Registers Badly . 377

Rules Slur in a Blank Form . 639

Sale Bill Wrinkles in Printing . 201

Slipping of Bearers Preventable . 640

Slip-Sheeting Eliminated by Careful

Make-Ready . 377

Slurring on News and Job Forms . 56

Speed of Press May Affect Register . 202

Tapes Mark the Paper . 640

Tympan Bales, More About the Working

Loose of . 55

Wants Ink Solvent for Printed Badge. . . . 201

Web Breaking on Rotai-y Press . 514

Whv Do Half-Tone Plates Show Dark on

Edge? . 794

Prices, An Experiment in . 187

Printer and the Inkman. The . 331

Printer’s Building, A Modern (illustrated). 203

Printer’s Calendar, A (illustrated) . 92

Printer’s Marks in Architecture (illus¬
trated ) . 59

Printer's Primary Colors, The . 225

Printing and Publishing in Illinois . 536

“Printing for Profit” . 665

Printing-Ink Situation, The . 626

Process Engraving :

American Institute of Graphic Arts Pro¬
gram . 58

Answers to a Few Correspondents . 630

Chemicals Under Lock and Key, Keep... 57
Chinese Have a Photoengraving Plant... 630

Christmas Greetings . 629

Coating Paper for Silver Prints . 236

“ Cutting Solution ” . 343

Process Engraving — -Continued : page

Dry-Plate Negatives, Intensity in . 234

Ectypography . 57

Enamel Formula for Zinc Instead of Cop¬
per . 234

Enlarged Photographs with Coarse Grain. 630

Etching Aluminum . 762

Etching Steel . 494

Explosives Law and Negative-Making... 629

Facts Worth Knowing . 494

Fog and Some of Its Causes . 493

Gamboge for Stopping-Out on Metal . 344

Ink-Roller's Importance in Line-Engrav¬
ing . 493

Iodin and Other Chemicals, Saving . 57

Keeping Copy Clean When Engraving It. 494

Lenses Wanted by Uncle Sam . 343

Line and Half-Tone Collodion . 763

Lithography, Artistic, and the Other Kind 344
Make a Large Tray for Acetic Acid, To. . 763

Masking Paper for Air-Brush Work . 344

Minimums Will Get You If You Don’t

Watch Out, The . 233

Negative Intensification Carried Too Far. 763

Newspaper Illustrating, To Learn . 233

Paintings by the Square Inch, Why Not?. 233
Photoengraver Becomes Public Printer. . 629

Photographing on Wood . 343

Photographs , That Will Not Stretch or

Shrink . 494

Photogravure’s Introduction Here . 761

Process Engraving. .57, 233, 343, 493, 629, 761
Process Formulas Some Twenty Years

Ago . 761

Processwork Preparedness When Peace

Comes . 233

Replies to a Few Queries . 58, 236

Reversing Dry-Plate Films . 344

Rotary Photogravure Did Not Come from

Germany, . 761

Rotary Photogravure or Offset for News¬
papers . 57

Rotary Photogravure Web Presswork. . . . 493

Saving Silver from Solutions . 762

Seals, Dies and Stamps . 343

Sensitized Metal Plates, Preserving . 57

“Staging” and “Fine Etching” . 236

Stripping and Reversing Negative Films. 58
Teaching Processwork in Great Britain.. 493
The Weekly Times Annual, Melbourne... 630
There Are Half-Tones and Half-Tones... 762
Tricolor Blocks Built Great Industries... 761
Welcome Substitute for Deadly Cyanid, A. 343

Why Not the Metric System Now? . 58

Words “ Negative ” and “ Reverse ” Mis¬
used, The . 236

Proofreading and Typography, Free Courses

ii--«*in . 106

Proofroom :

Apostrophes, and a Word . 791

Decimal Points . 231

Divergent Views of Good English . 792

Editors, Proofreaders and Operators . 62

Elementary Grammar . 231

Errors Made to Order . 349

Faults in a “Manual of Style” . 791

Logic of Pointing, The . 231

Making Rules, On . 349

Marks to Indicate “ N ” or “ U ” . 632

Mistakes We Make, The . 520

Newspaper English . 632

Number. Same Old Dispute as to . 631

Perversity About Questions . 231

Points, A Clumsy Coupling of . 61

Proofreader’s Function, Varying Esti¬
mates of the . 232

Proofroom . 61, 231, 349, 519, 631, 791

Proofroom Problems . 519

Question About Capitals, A . 519

Some Errors and a Lesson . 631

Some Green Stunts by Authors . 349

Subjunctive Form, A . 791

Unreasonable Style. An . 519

Utility and the Futility of Rules, The. . . . 350

Worcester’s Dictionary . 61

Proper Spacing and Type Selection . 103

Public Press, Limited, of Winnipeg, New

Home of the (illustrated) . 348

“Rush” Shop, A . 785

Sierra Paper Company Enjoys Rapid

Growth . 816

Simple Invention, but a Wonderful Time-

Saver, A (illustrated) . 814

Sinclair, Frank, Recovering from Serious

Illness . 816

Quinby, Walter W., Now with A. C. Allen

Paper Company . 670

Ralph, Joseph E., Located . 667

Rai'e Opportunity, A . 660

Richards, J. A., Company, Announces Two

New Composing-Room Saws . _ . 670

Rogers, Bruce, at Cambridge University... 393

Rotary Photogravure Process, The . 473

Rowley, Harry, with the Hamilton Manu¬
facturing Company . 538

Russell-Cockrell Printing-Plant at Amarillo,

Texas, Damaged by Fire . 533

INDEX

S PAGE

Salesman in Blunder-Land, A (illustrated).

37, 177

San Francisco Admen Busy Preparing for

1918 Convention . 537

School Printing, A Plea for a Standardized

Course of . 465

Second-Class Postage Rates . 338

Sellers of Printing . 496

Selling of Printing Efficiently Taught by

Nashville Typothetse, The . 248

Selling Printing, Some Thoughts on . 749

Selling the Unsellable Man (illustrated)... 613

Seventy Years of Successful Business . 669

Seybold Machine Company, A Trip Through

the Plant of the . 537

Shepard, Mrs. Clara J., Resigns Official

Positions . 667

Sinclair & Valentine Company, Expert Ser¬
vice Man for Chicago Branch of the. . . . 106
Sinclair & Valentine Company Present

Thrift Cards to Employees . 538

Singer, Eric R., with Sigmund Ullman Com¬
pany . 537

Slauson, W. G . 250

Some Sayings of Successful Printers . 780

Something for Employing Printers to Think

Over . 626

South America Uses News-Print Paper for

Wrapping-Paper . 230

Speaking the Buyer's Language . 469

Specimen Review . 69, 211, 357, 501, 647, 769

Standard Engraving Company Buys An¬
other Large Plant . 667

Standardizing Catalogue Sizes . 666

Starting Out Right . 352

Stephany, J. Henry, Will Sell Stanley

Process Type Metals . 106

Stone, I. L. — Pioneer Press-Builder . 515

Suburban Publishers Elect Officers . 105

Supply Houses, Among the . 537, 670, 816

Supplymen, Changes Among . 251

System in the Proofroom . 60

Teachers of Printing, A Clearing-House for. 668
Teachers' Round Table :

Composing-Stick for Elementary Schools,

A . 788

Foreword . 786

Mansfield, John E., at Boys’ Vocational

School, New York . 787

Teachers’ Round Table — Continued: page

New Department for Teachers of Print¬
ing, Some Views Regarding the . 788

Printing Teachers’ Convention to Be Held

in Newark, New Jersey . 787

Teaching Spacing to the Apprentice, A

Who Should Teach : The Theorist with
Pedagogical Training or the Prac¬
tical Printer? . 786

Teach Printing in Public Schools of Gotham,

To . 398

The Printer's Publicity :

Aiding Business . 364

At Your Service . 79

Barta Press, The . 80

B. P - P. imprint . 366

Copco Facts . 655

Etchings . 654

For Business Reasons . 363

Franklin Complete Service . 78

Getting More Business . 781

Good and Bad Printing . 782

House-Organs, More Firms Using . 510

Humor and Publicity . 512

Impressions . 221

Japan Paper Company . 784

Knoxville Lithographing Company . 653

Lee’s Proof . 222

Letting Out the Light . 77

McMath, William S., Printing Company. 509

Mon-Roze-Mark . 366

More Business . 782

Mulls Musings . 783

Pride in Your Product . 223

Printers’ Advertising, Review of . 81

Printers Awake to Opportunities . 781

Printing of Today . 77

Quality in. Printing . 221

Salesman on Paper, The . 509

Selling by Mail . 511

Soak It ! . 512

Some Publicity Hints . 656

Specialization . 366

Stet . 365

Stilted Letters . 656

T & T Imprint . 653

The Printer's Publicity . 77, 221, 363,

509, 653, 781

The Quilt . 783

Tape Talks . 224

William Eskew . 222

The Romance of Types . 667

Third-Class Postage, No Increase in . 625

PAGE

Thomson, John, Press Company, Sends Out

a New Folder on the Laureate Press. . . 396

Trade Notes . 106, 248, 393, 533, 667, 812

Turnes, Sam J., Now with Burnett &

Weinberger Company . 667

Typography and Proofreading at the Col¬
lege of the City of New York, Courses

in . 250

“ Typothetae Girls ” of Detroit Doing Their

Bit, The . 393

"Under Separate Cover” (illustrated).... 225
United Typothetaj and Franklin Clubs of

America Convention, A Review of the. . 94

United Typothetse of America, News Notes

from . 252, 397, 536, 667, 815

United Typo theta* of America, Territory

Assigned Executive Committeemen of.. 396
Utility and the Futility of Rules, The . 350

Varying Estimates of the Proofreader's

Function . 232

Virkotype Process, Specimen Book of Prod¬
ucts of the . 816

Wanted — House-Organs, All the . 638

Ware Coated Paper Company, New Sales

Manager for . 670

War Tax Returns of the Printer, The . 636

Washington State Editors Meet at Chehalis. 105
Western Paper Box Manufacturers’ Associ¬
ation . 813

Western Type Foundry Buys F. C. Damm

Company Tools, etc . 106

West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company

Opens New York City Warehouse . 670

When “ U ” Is “ V " . 660

Which Is Better ? Here's Why — Criticism

Contest Result . 217

Whitaker Paper Company's Sales Meeting,

The . 816

Whiting Paper Company Issues Handsome

Guide on Wedding Forms . 248

Why They Fail . 106

Wisconsin's Leading Soldier a Printer and

Publisher . 657

Wood Type, Care of . 380

Workers Needed for the Shipyards . 754

INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS

PAGE

American Art Student .

American Autopress Co .

American Electrotype Co . 132, 281, 428,

570, 699,

American Numbering Machine Co . 128,

262, 411. 559, 687,

American Pressman . 135, 272, 420,

556, 696,

American Printer . 136, 278, 430,

574,

American Steel Chase Co . 143, 274,

American Type Founders Co.. . .14, 19, 162,
165, 319, 544, 551, 590, 702, 720,

Anderson, C. F., & Co .

Associated Advertising Clubs of the World..

Associated Business Papers, Inc .

Ault & Wiborg Co . 16, 17, 168, 169,

170, 434,

Autocall Co . 117, 264,

Babcock Printing Press Mfg. Co. ...11, 146,
292, 448, 592,

Backert, John M .

Barnhart Bros. & Spindler. . . . 135, 282, 409,

565, 685,

Barton Mfg. Co _ 139, 268, 407, 556, 688,

Berger & Wirth . 545, 583,

Berry Machine Co . 7, 311,

Beygeh Engraving Co . 547, 693,

Bingham Bros. Co... 10, 148, 320, 464, 608,

Bingham's, Sam'l, Son Mfg. Co . 18, 150,

318, 449, 578,

Black-Clawson Co . 143, 406,

Blatchford, E. W., Co . 139, 268, 404,

554, 686,

Blomgren Bros. & Co.... 118, 139, 268, 276,
404, 428, 554, 570, 686, 699, 834,

Boston Printing Press & Machinery Co .

270, 567,

Boston Wire Stitcher . 14, 165, 319, 551,

702,

British Printer . 136, 278, 430, 574,

Britton & Doyle .

Brock & Rankin _ 135, 272, 420, 563, 696,

Brown, L. L., Paper Co . 257, 675,

Brown Mfg. Co . 143, 565, 688,

Bureau of Engraving . 305,

Burrage, Robert R . 112, 401,

Butler, J. W.. Paper Co . 1, 145, 289,

433, 577,

Cabot, Godfrey L...139, 268, 407, 556, 688,
Campbell Printing Press Repair Parts Co...

139, 274, 402, 556, 674.

Carborundum Co . 142, 284, 418,

Carver, C. R., Co . 165, 460,

Challenge Machinery Co.. 12, 127, 166, 275,
295, 439, 455, 599, 607, 731,
Chandler & Price Co.. 6, 266, 310, 548, 698,

Chicago Steel & Wire Co . 421, 571, 683,

Cleveland Folding Machine Co . 134, 155,

296, 441, 580,

Collier, P. F., & Son, Inc .

Collins, A. M„ Mfg. Co _ 3, 154, 297, 440,

593, 699, 707,

Colonial Co . 143, 274, 407. 556, 688,

Crane, Z. & W. M..144, 288, 432. 576, 704,

Delphos Printing Press Co . 30, 173, 317,

461,

Denney Tag Co . 130, 262, 420, 565, 691,

Dewey, F. E. & B. A . 125, 270, 409, 567,

691,

Dexter, C. H., & Sons... 132, 267, 414, 566,

698,

Dexter Folder Co . 5, 147, 293, 435, 581,

Dick, Rev. Robert, Estate . 130, 419,

Dinse, Page & Co. ..135, 272, 419, 565, 696,

Diver, Miss Pauline L . 274,

Dorman, J. F. W„ Co _ 139, 268, 404, 554,

686,

552

Dowd Knife Works .

437,

588,

721

446

Duplex Printing Press Co... .

456,

457

Durant Mfg. Co _ 137.

274,

407,

543,

688,

832

822

729

Eastern Brass & Wood Type Co.. .

274

833

Eastern Mfg. Co .

307,

454,

585,

846

Eastman Kodak Co .

558

844

Economy Engineering Co. . . .

274,

543,

820

406

Embossograph Process Co. . .

274,

407,

554,

686,

832

732

Erie Lay-Boy Co .

.135,

266,

419,

565,

685

606

Esleeck Mfg. Co. ...126,

259,

422,

574,

697,

722

138

572

579

Feedmore Mfg. Co .

.161,

316,

555,

693,

839

427

Feuerstein, S. B., & Co..

139,

268,

404,

554,

686,

834

Fonderie Caslon .

409,

830

Fort-ified Mfg. Co .

718

Francis, Chas., Press...

731

419

828

Gatchel & Manning. . . .

143,

402,

688

832

General Electric Co .

260

710

Gilbert, H. E„ Co .

119,

270,

411,

571,

436

687,

735

733

Globe Engraving & Electrotype Co

.26,

736

164,

563,

603,

728

Globe Type Foundry....

139,

268,

404,

554,

715

686,

834

688

Golding Mfg. Co .

114,

174,

417,

682,

725

Goss Printing Press Co..

. . . Cover,

685.

828

834

Grant, Harlo R .

281

835

839

Hamilton Mfg. Co.... 4,

149,

290.

444,

587,

706

Hammermill Paper Co..

120,

121,

424,

425,

732

676,

677

844

Hampshire Paper Co...

124,

408,

678

Hancock, H. H .

130,

262,

419,

557,

691

830

Hansen, H. C., Type Foundry....

421,

571,

823

689,

726

832

Hart, Leo, Co .

688

605

Hart, R. A.. Mfg. Co...

463,

607,

735

673

Hartford Times .

561,

696

Hartnett, R. W., Co....

137,

274,

407,

543,

705

688,

832

Hellmuth, Charles . .118,

259,

426,

571,

699,

735

Hickok, W. O., Mfg. Co.

123,

266,

421,

568,

691,

835

832

Hoffman, A., Co .

543

Horton Mfg. Co. . . . 123,

167,

426,

462,

602.

733

820

Hotel Cumberland .

428,

570,

702

569

Hotel Martinique .

552,

696,

830

728

Howard Paper Co .

. . . 405, Cover,

827

Huber, J. M .

122,

409,

683

734

Hunters, Ltd .

694

722

729

713

Ideal Coated Paper Co..

118,

283,

416,

575,

832

682,

734

Illinois Electrotype Co...

_ 139, 268. 404,

( 3b

554,

686,

834

832

Imperial Engraving Co.

268,

407,

554,

686

848

Imprint Matrix Co .

402

. Intertype Corporation .

116,

264,

303,

564,

589,

730

586

Jaenecke-Ault Co .

. .25,272,

319,

463,

607

733

•Jones, Samuel, & Co....

122,

269,

422,

561.

694,

726

831

Juergens Bros. Co... 139,

268,

404,

554,

686,

834

724

693

828

407

Kast & Ehinger. . . . 118.

259,

426,

571.

699,

735

Keller Printing Co .

543,

688

834

Kidder Press Co . 27,

172,

315.

463,

606,

723

PAGE

Kimble Electric Co . 129, 271, 418, 459,

680, 821

King, Albert B„ & Co . 142, 274, 407,

556, 674, 832

King Engraving Co . 139, 268

King, Harry W . 137, 256, 407

Lagerman Press Co. of New York . 729

LaMonte, George, & Son . 126, 269, 422,

555, 697, 822

Lanston Monotype Machine Co.. . .8, 9, 160,

291, 438, 601, 709

Latham Machinery Co. ...14, 172, 403, 562,

690, 723

Lead Mould Electrotype Foundry . 143,

272, 406, 561, 696, 820

Leeds Central Technical School . 265

Letter-Pack-It System . 175, 309, 551,

684, 843

Lilly, Eli, & Co . 143

Linograph Co . Cover

Lustre Chemical Co . 404

McCain Bros. Mfg. Co . 132, 280, 423,

559, 694, 726

Manz Engraving Co . 139, 268, 404, 554,

686, 834

Matrix Ruled Form & Tabular Co . 21,

279, 301, 450, 598, 711

Megill, Edw. L . 110, 253, 399, 540, 671, 817

Meisel Press Mfg. Co . 23, 166, 309, 455,

599, 725

Mentges Folder Co . 23, 157, 415

Mergenthaler Linotype Co . Cover

Miehle Printing Press & Mfg. Co . 20,

151, 308, 445, 582, 708

Miller Saw-Trimmer Co . 29, 281, 423,

569 595 712

Mittag & Volger. . .139, 268, 404, 554 ! 686^ 834
Monitor Controller Co... 119, 273, 423, 569,

683, 727

Moi-gan Expansion Roller Truck Co .

282, 420, 565, 685, 833

Mountain Mill Paper Co . 125, 128, 265,

269, 417, 426, 567, 574

Nashua Gummed & Coated Paper Co .

125, 258, 414, 566, 697, 831

Nashville Printers' Club . 287

National Association of Printing Ink Mak¬
ers . 596, 597

National Lithographer . 135, 282, 419,

556. 696, 830

National Machine Co . 829

New Era Press . 137, 157, 407, 452, 688, 727

N. Y. Revolving Portable Elevator Co .

139, 268, 404, 554, 686, 834

Northwestern Electric Co . 152, 403, 562,

700, 836

Oswego Machine Works . 28, 159, 294,

443, 594, 716

Paper Dealer . 142, 406, 556, 674, 820

Parker, Thomas & Tucker Paper Co .

130, 262, 420, 557, 685. 828

Parsons Paper Co . 133, 259, 406

Patent Cereals Co . 128, 273, 602

Penrose; A. W Co., Ltd... Ill, 254, 400,

541, 672, 818

i'hiladel) .. a n rs’ Supply Co . 404,

556, 688, 834

I'lioic-Cor. Engraving Co. .129, 415. 833

Pioneer Paper Stock Co . 137, 402

Pollock's : . 139, 268, 407, 556, 688

Pressmen’s Home . . . 565

INDEX

viii

Sheppard Printing & Pub. Co.

834

Printer & Publisher .

136,

278,

430,

568,

844

Sheridan, T. W. & C. B„ Co .

439

Printing Art . 136,

278,

428,

570.

702,

844

Sinclair & Valentine Co . 119,

174,

427,

Printing: Crafts School.

559,

687,

835

546,

695,

829

Printing,’ Machinery Co..

_ 128, 270, 423,

Sprague Electric Works . 25,

167,

299,

559,

691,

729

462,

602,

727

Process Engravers’ Monthly.

135,

272,

420,

Star Tool Mfg. Co . 135, 266,

420,

565,

556,

692

685,

Stokes & Smith Co . 114, 273,

414,

564,

680,

730

Strathmore Paper Co .

261,

550

Queen City Printing Ink

Co..

.24,

158,

Stuebing Truck Co . 25,

167,

411,

555

302,

843

Sullivan Machinery Co . 139,

268,

404,

554,

686,

834

Supreme Forest Woodmen Circle. .

411,

563

Redington, F. B., Co. . . .

274,

407,

543,

674,

832

Regina Co . 137,

157,

407,

452,

688,

727

Tabaline Co . 22, 156, 314,

549,

689,

832

Richards, J. A., Co .

606,

726

Tatum, Sam'l C., Co .

283.

460,

718

Riessner, T .

834

Taylor Registering Projector Co..

123

Roberts Furniture Co...

717

Telzit Slide Rule Co .

834

Roberts Numbering Machine Co...

698,

822

Thompson Type Machine Co.. .12,

267,

410,

Rogers, E. B .

113.

274,

404,

543,

688

546,

592

Roko Mfg'. Co .

.25,

167,

319,

462,

602

Thomson, John, Press Co .

300,

453,

600

Rouse, H. B., & Co. .123,

258,

316,

452,

700,

722

Ticonderoga Pulp & Paper Co.. . .

122,

262,

Rudgers, Cort A .

462

421,

568,

689,

839

Type-Hi Mfg. Co .

137,

256,

407

Typo Mercantile Agency .

828

Scott, Walter, & Co .

. .2,

171,

304,

442,

591,

714

Seaman Paper Co .

.277,

413.

553

Ullman-Philpott Co .

276,

568

153,

163.

312,

313.

447,

584,

719

Union Glue Co .

130

Shepard, Henry O., Co..

.131,

137,

274,

United Printing Machinery Co...

116,

275,

407,

543,

688,

832

315,

552,

695,

837

Vandercook Press ...27, 258, 316, 452, 700, 838

Want Advertisements . 110,

Warner, R. P., Electric Co .

Warren, S. D., & Co .

Washington, Geo., Institute .

253,

540,

. 117.

402, 543

Wells & Co .

Wesche, B. A., Electric Co.. . .137, 274

West, James . 113, 274,

Western States Envelope Co .

426,

Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co..

284, 416,

Weston, Byron, Co . 113, 267,

West Virginia Pulp & Paper Co.. .
Wetter Numbering Machine Co...

566

417

U. S. Shipping Board . 840-841

Whitaker Paper Co . 115, 263,

White, James, Paper Co . 130,

White, L. & I. J., Co.... 125, 266,

Whiting Paper Co . 127, 271,

Whitlock Printing Press Mfg. Co. .
Wiggins, John B., Co.... 142, 272,

Wiley, John, & Sons .

Wing, Chauncey . 130, 262,

122.

561,

298,

266.

557.

409.

412.

410

419,

399,

671, 817
.130, 685
.681, 824
276,

686. 832

. 13

407,

674, 834
554. 686
258,

687, 835
.126,

603, 732
561,

697, 822
.604, 825
269,

683, 838
451,

679, 826
, 419,

685, 828
, 567,

689, 839
, 575, 690
.306, 458
557,

693, 833
.265, 831
, 563, 696

3S§Cv<

mmwMVMmmmmim

I-

ft 1 1 ^HE great highroad
of human welfare lies
along the old highway
of steadfast well-doing; and
they who are the most per¬
sistent, and work in the truest
spirit, will invariably be the
most successful; success treads
on the heels of every right
effort. — S. Smiles.

T-

i J

1 -

Q& INLAND PRINTER

<Hie Leading Iradejouinal o£ the World
in tRe Printing and Allied Industries

'.I

Vol. 60

OCTOBER, 1917 No. 1

HOW TO START A PRODUCTIVE
ADVERTISING SERVICE

By WILLIAM WOLFSON

For instance, this is how one printer com-

BECAUSE printing in itself is a service,
it is natural for the printer to ponder
| upon the problem of broadening that
service beyond the scope of the average
print-shop and thereby make his own shop indi¬
vidualistic. Many of the craft have taken to
specialization. And, due to the coordination,
what printer has not at one time or other enter¬
tained the thought of business-building through
a subsidiary advertising service?

By advertising service, let it be understood
that all the possible elements comprising direct-
mail publicity assistance — plans, art, copy,
engraving, printing — are meant; and that in¬
cluded in the genus are the species of master
printers who have endeavored to create sales for
themselves through application of one or more
of these elements.

The inclination or determination there, how
does the printer begin? Irrespective of what
prompted him to innovate the special service —
the employment of a clever compositor or of an
exceptionally trained salesman; arrangements
made with a seasoned advertising man, or a
commercial artist, or with both; the discovery
of a latent knack or talent in himself for finding
and developing marketable ideas — the inevita¬
ble result in the great majority of cases has been
that the printer plunges into the extensive sys¬
tem without a proper amount of consideration.
1-3

menced : He employed a man well versed in the
mechanics of the production of printing, who
could attractively and originally lay out publicity-
matter, who was a versatile and clear writer, a
good thinker and doer. The list of customers
was circularized. A list of prospective cus¬
tomers was also circularized. The purport of
the message was, “We have opened an advertis¬
ing service. Get the benefit of our ideas, sug¬
gestions, experience. Send for our man to confer
with you.” Now, the circulars were very trim,
for the stock was choice, the printing executed
with thought and care, the appearance impres¬
sive. Three or four thousand were mailed.
Great disappointment prevailed when very few
returns came in. The printer could not under¬
stand it. Had he not given of his best ? Had he
not made it easy for the recipient to answer by
means of a most unusual post-card enclosed?
Something went wrong, but what was it? Worse
yet, out of the few inquiries he secured an order
for 10,000 letter-heads, that was all; and he
had thought of a number of large runs on book¬
lets, catalogues, what-not!

Another printer reasoned it best to mail a
house-organ to a selected list regularly. He
could not afford an elaborate affair; but, seeing
what appeared to be a news sheet printed on a
blotter, hit upon the idea of putting what he had

THE INLAND PRINTER

to say upon a post-card. Three different cards
were mailed in as many weeks. He had one or
two casual calls, was complimented upon his
idea, but all the business that emanated was very
little. So he discontinued his house-organ.

It must be remembered that the printer is
limited in rendering advertising service — lim¬
ited in capability, in time and in money. After
all, his main work consists of turning out printed-
matter at a profit. He, therefore, must con¬
serve his forces, direct them without waste and
with telling effect. To do this he must use not
the extensive but the intensive system.

To differentiate, associate the word “scat¬
tered” with the extensive system, the word
“ concentrated ” with the intensive system. Both
systems are nicely illustrated by the contrasting
methods of land cultivation in the United States,
as carried on by the native owner of a vast area
on the one hand, and by the foreign-born farmer
(the Italian or the Japanese) with his few acres
on the other. The former, despite his superior
domain, frequently grows less to the acre than
does his alien neighbor who works every avail¬
able inch of the limited territory, yet sows and
reaps a better, a comparatively larger, and a
more diversified crop. One “ scatters ” his
forces, the other “concentrates.” Nevertheless,
the extensive system has its good points, even in
advertising service, but as far as the average
printer is concerned it is not the system to start
with, though it can be utilized in modified form
and dovetailed into the intensive system.

Let us liken the intensive system to a locomo¬
tive, in order to bring home the proper method
of procedure. It is apparent we must drive our
engine along the lines of least resistance. We
can not drive it on the ground. We must have
tracks. Shall we tear up the earth, lay a bed and
nail down tracks? Consideration of the great
energy that must be consumed in such a task —
not mentioning the high costs — leads us to
negative the suggestion. Well, then, why not
ride along tracks already laid and used by all
businesses? Why not go via the letter route,
since it means adding but a little spur of our
own?

Since the letter route is the main or the trunk
line, over which the prospect rides, let us dig
into its possibilities. A simple classification
divides printed-matter going along the letter

route into three broad classes : First, the sealed
envelope. Second, the unsealed envelope. Third,
mail-matter without envelopes at all.

There are many subdivisions. In the first
class are the wrappers or the envelopes. How
can you enhance their value in an advertising
and selling sense? Experiment. Then the
letter-head. Most concerns have but one form.
How can you improve this standard form ? Lay
out letter-heads for various sales letters. I
devised a letter-head — a novelty letter-head, I
call it — in two colors, warm and cold. The
warm ran in a border around the page ; the copy
in two colors at the top; and at the bottom was
inserted an oblong panel with the words, “ Con¬
cern,” “Address,” and “Attention of,” one
under the other, followed by three lines of lead¬
ers. The idea was, all the recipient had to do
was to follow the admonition in the body of the
form letter (toward the close) and fill out the
three blank lines, then mail back the letter in an
enclosed envelope to receive further particulars,
goods, etc. I designed similar letter-heads of
this novelty style for four different businesses,
and the returns in each case were surprisingly
large.

Many current letter-heads can be corrected.
I did some advertising work for a furrier who
had a letter-head most grotesque, albeit expen¬
sive, printed in four colors and gold. It was an
elaborate smudge. The envelope, too, had the
same design in miniature for a corner-card, and
was unintelligible. A neat two-color letter¬
head and envelope reduced the cost of printing
considerably. Any printer could have set up in
type something better than the monstrosity, and
gained in confidence and increased business what
he lost on the additional impressions.

Another subdivision of the first class is the
enclosure that may go with the letter. There
are booklets, leaflets, return envelopes, order
forms, blanks of all kinds, post-cards, fac-simile
testimonials, coin-cards, small envelopes for
stamps, blotters, calendars, sample-cards hold¬
ing swatches, bulletins, reprints of advertise¬
ments, etc. Make up your own detailed list of
possible envelope enclosures, adding original
conceptions from time to time. In working
along this direction, remember that the salient
argument for the envelope enclosure is this:
That the sales letter must be cleared of matter

THE INLAND PRINTER

better in evidence as an enclosure, in order that
the human side of salesmanship may have free
swing. Arguments, logic, prices, etc., are for¬
tified by a typographical attire. Persuasion,
human interest, the play upon the emotions —
these belong to the letter, which is the most inti¬
mate form of advertising.

As with the first class, so with the second and
third classes going over the letter route. To
the second belong catalogues, booklets, samples,
etc. To the third, all manner of direct-mail
matter. The printer should gather samples of
all classes, to be filed for future study. They
will prove a veritable mine of usable sugges¬
tions, of practical use every day.

Do not think you begin your service by
announcing to your present customers and to
those whom you would have as customers your
readiness to serve them, for this is merely inci¬
dental. What printed-matter is issued on the
subject is, after all, an announcement even
though you do urge instant or early acceptance
of such service. Things are accomplished by
doing, not by a declaration of willingness to do.
By all means, let people know you are prepared
to serve them; do not stop there, or keep on
announcing, but march ahead and assist them.
Use initiative.

The easiest way is to work upon a few of your
choice customers. You have — every printer
should have — a file containing at least one
specimen of each job of each account. Delve
into one file at a time and see what you, your
advertising man, your entire force can evolve
in the way of a sales idea worthy of being
clothed in type and applicable to that one busi¬
ness or to several. Then make up your dummy,
with copy, and hie away to the customer. Be
sure you have attended to details; that you are
conversant with all arguments in favor of your
idea; have different samples of stock; are pre¬
pared to submit alternative or modified sugges¬
tions; are ready to quote prices and delivery.
At this stage, you have something definite, some¬
thing tangible to sell to your customer. If your
ability as a salesman is slight, get some one with
ability more pronounced. This is all important,
since further business hinges upon it. Once you
sell a customer in this way, and you please him,
you gain his confidence; and it will surprise you
to find how often you will be called to confer

with him relative to his sales problems. Natu¬
rally, you may not score the first time. Try
again. You should file the data, however, as
it may be used in original or altered form on
some other proposition.

It is well for the printer to make it his policy
to present his ideas in a pleasing manner. Food
served by well-groomed servants, in elegant
ware, with clean linen, sparkling silver, soft
music, make satisfaction the more complete and
the edibles more palatable. One large publish¬
ing house maintains a “ make-it-pay ” depart¬
ment. They submit their ideas to advertisers,
the artwork and copy of a good grade, all be¬
tween an attractively printed folder designed to
play up the contents. Ever consider the presen¬
tation. In fact, as you progress and your judg¬
ment in these matters matures — when you come
to really know the requirements of particular
companies — when you create some new and
interesting idea — get out a press proof, an
actual sample of what you intend furnishing,
with the concern’s name on it, and all.

A critical reader might say that we, in this
way, focus too much attention upon customers
and that new accounts are thereby not secured.
The answer is that it is best to exhaust present
resources; that it is easier to secure a foothold
in organizations with which you have had deal¬
ings. Remember, it takes but a few good
accounts to put an advertising agency upon a
profitable basis. If you can get all the printing
of some of your customers, and can get them to
use more printing for the benefit of all parties
concerned, you will gain as much and perhaps
more than is to be derived from the acquisition
of further accounts. The central idea, as the
caption of this article reads, is “ how to start.”
And immaterial from what angle you render
service, you have already begun so far as your
customers are concerned.

Now, then, to show how to fit the extensive
method or system into our scheme of “ a produc¬
tive advertising service.” Extend in order to
intensify. Utilize the extensive system — the
“scattered” method — as a finder.

One way to work the extensive system is to
mail to commercial houses an offer of something
concrete, such as a series of letter-heads, criti¬
cism of current printed-matter, copy for sales
letters, booklets, etc., the use of stock cuts free,

THE INLAND PRINTER

or offer a specialty in printing originated in your
plant and successfully tried out. If the average
of returns warrants, the same proposition may
be repeated on all kinds of lists. A pulling stunt
of this nature proves worthy of extension to
distant cities. Here, permit me to suggest that
should you conceive of and develop some print¬
ing specialty that pays — a happy thought that
proved profitable to the first customer or two
on whom you tried it — safeguard it and make
it exclusively your own through legal registra¬
tion. I have in mind a mailing-folder with cir¬
cles, squares and other geometrical figures cut
out by dies, and which folders, when ready for
mailing, upon pressure applied at the edges
reveal a progressive picture as the first illustra¬
tion framed by the cut-out shifts. They are
called “moving-picture folders,” and no doubt
the originator sells many stock and especially
designed folders at a good price. A New York
printer has a small envelope enclosure that folds
to show a portion of a fac-simile check on top.
The customer’s copy is printed at the same time
with the check plate. Both these ideas have
been protected.

Another manner of following the extensive
system is in your own town. The list of pros¬
pective patrons must be compiled with care. Put
down well-rated concerns, preference being given
to advertisers in various publications. Plan
your entire campaign in advance, not one piece
of mail-matter at a time. Have your plan em¬
brace mailing dates and full details; in other
words, let your plan be a schedule as well.
Adhere to that plan, whatever the results of the
first few mailings. Send something different
each time : a letter, a folder, a booklet, a mes¬
sage-gram. Make provision, too, at a predeter¬
mined date, to start one or more men to follow
up those companies who do not respond. These
men are to get orders, if possible. But impress
upon them that they are to bring back from each
place visited as complete a collection of the com¬
pany’s printed-matter as possible.

I wish to recall, at this point, the question of
proper presentation. Your salesmen should be
provided with ample samples put up neatly.
For instance, if you are soliciting orders for
letter-heads, have samples of letter-heads bound
between leather covers, with the name of your
organization in gold lettering, and also an

explanatory line — Advertising Service Depart¬
ment. Inasmuch as you are rendering adver¬
tising service, do not show blank letter-heads,
but letter-heads with form letters printed there¬
on. In the same manner, be attentive to all
phases of the problem. Be intensive. The
material these men gather should be handled in
the way you went through your customers’ files.

So far, we have treated the subject matter
from the angle of the medium sized or large
commercial house. It would be unwise to con¬
clude without viewing the ordinary retailer, a
good subject for intensive and extensive culti¬
vation. The average retailer does not require
printing in quantities. Five hundred letter-heads
and envelopes last him a long while. Occasion¬
ally, you may run across a small merchant who,
of his own accord, has cheap hand-bills printed
and distributes them in his neighborhood.

Yet I know of a concern which serves scores
of druggists in Greater New York, and perhaps
other cities, supplying them with a series of dis¬
play-cards. Another concern applies the same
idea to butchers, and furnishes the paper strips,
with the names of the different meats and cuts
printed thereon, for pasting on to the store
windows. One Western printer makes most of
his profit by printing laundry slips. He is able
to give a better grade of stock, and his slips are
distinctive because printed in two colors. So
successful has been this branch of his trade that
he recently installed an automatic two-color
press which runs on his laundry slips exclusively.
A late investigation satisfied me that his par¬
ticular field is by no means covered. Were I a
printer I would have my artist draw several
attractive border designs for the type-matter of
my laundry slips. I would retain my trade by
having each customer’s name and address hand-
lettered and printed from an individual plate
with a little characteristic slogan of my own
devising printed beneath.

Real advertising service can be rendered the
small retailer. Take the druggist, the hardware
store, the grocery man — how many of their
customers know just what is carried in stock?
Take the optician, the candy store and others.
Are their businesses so prosaic, so arid, so com¬
monplace that nothing can be said that their
customers will be pleased to read — to know?
A little plowing here will turn up many profitable

THE INLAND PRINTER

ideas. Then, if you can not sell the retailer on
advertising service, sell him advertising-matter
through an appeal to his vanity. Arm yourself
or one of your employees with a camera, film¬
loading, and go the rounds. Snap interiors,
exteriors, above all a “ close-up ” of the proprie¬
tor. Develop and print the films and paste the
prints on your dummy blotters, circulars, book¬
lets, etc. Show the retailer himself, as he will
look in print, and the appeal is often too strong
for any but feeble resistance. Of course, when
quoting, costs should be considered, including
enlarging of negatives and retouching, since the

photographs for the most part will be crude.
A camera of the Graflex or Reflex type, such as
used by newspaper men, is best. But I have
obtained splendid results with a little six-dollar
camera as well.

The foregoing is but suggestive. All that I
have endeavored to accomplish is to point out a
path to more business through closer coopera¬
tion between the buyer of printing and the pro¬
ducer. And as the buyer will not, the printer
should make the contact through a service wider
in scope than he is now rendering; in other
words, through true, effective advertising service.

A SALESMAN IN BLUNDER » LAND

THE FIFTH YEAR — By MICHAEL GROSS

SOME one, I can’t remember who, once
said or wrote: “A salesman that han¬
dles a side-line is like a fellow courting
two girls. He’s bound to be caught and
lose the best one, and he’ll never be happy with
the other one.” Words true as gospel, but it
wasn’t until my fifth year in Blunder-Land that
I proved it to my own satisfaction.

Despite my many blunders, in the five years
I had built up quite a trade and my sales were
steadily mounting. But, as is usually the case
when a salesman makes more money than he
needs, I found that I needed more money than
I made. It was just about this time that a friend
of mine went into the electric flasher-sign busi¬
ness, and, flashers being practically a new thing
then, he soon had orders enough to keep him
tied down in his shop filling them.

One day, after lunching with him at his invi¬
tation, he showed me a pocketful of contracts
that he had received in the morning’s mail.
“ I’ve heard you say,” he began, “ that you could
use more money. Now, here’s your chance to
earn, in a few minutes’ spare time, again as much
as you now get for a week of selling printed-
matter. You see,” he went on, “it isn’t neces¬
sary to sell my line ; it sells itself. All you have
to do is walk around an hour or so each day
and collect orders. You show a man photo¬
graphs of the different styles of flashers we
make, let him pick out the one he wants, get his
copy and have him make out an order. Simple,

isn’t it? I’ll give you twenty per cent of your
sales. If you only sell one two-hundred-dollar
sign a week you’ve made forty dollars, and you
surely can sell that.”

Thus outlined, the proposition certainly
looked rosy, and I said I would chance it. My
friend gave me a brief lesson in the essential
talking points and I left, promising to solicit
orders for his line at the first leisure moment.
Luckily, the very next day I found myself with
seven hours to spare. You say it is impossible
to have seven spare hours out of an eight-hour
day? Evidently you have never taken out a
side-line at which you thought you could make
more money than by selling your regular stuff.

My friend had certainly not exaggerated the
merits of the proposition, for the very first hour
I ran across a concern that wanted a flasher-
sign for the front of its retail store. It hap¬
pened to be one of my regular customers, too —
the Calkins Candy Company — and I killed
two birds with one stone, for Mr. Calkins also
wanted a sketch made up for a show-card. I
rushed back to my office, put in the request for
a show-card design, and then streaked it for my
friend’s place to get his flasher-sign sketches.
Within an hour I had returned to Mr. Calkins,
he had selected the style of sign he wanted, given
me the copy and handed me an order for one
electric flasher at $150, which meant $30 in
commission for me. When I collected my com¬
mission, on handing the order to my friend a

THE INLAND PRINTER

little while later, I thought it was the easiest
money I had ever earned, and actually hated
myself for not waking up sooner.

In a week the show-card sketch was ready
and I took it around to Mr. Calkins. “I didn’t

get that electric sign I gave you an order for,”
he told me as soon as I came in.

“Oh, we’re working on it,” I said. “You
ought to get it most any day now.” I showed
him my sketch, was asked to leave it, and then,
considering the rest of the day as spare time, I
went out after more electric sign orders. When
I got back that night, my boss called me into his
private office. “ Did you put in a good day’s
work today?” was the first question he asked.

Surprised, I stammered out that I had surely
worked hard.

“For this firm?” was his next question.

I couldn’t make out what he was driving at,
and my puzzled expression must have betrayed
the fact, for the boss started to explain. “About
two hours ago,” he began, “ Mr. Calkins, of the
Calkins Candy Company, called up and said that
he had the sign you made for him, but wanted
a few slight changes in it. He asked whether
we couldn’t send over a man to make them. I
remembered the sketch you had submitted to
him this morning, and told him it would be
better if he sent it back and let us fix it up here.
He seemed surprised at my suggestion, but said
he would do it that way if I preferred it. About
an hour later, a motor-truck drove up to the
building. Four men jumped off and lifted down
a large electric sign. They carried it through
the door and I had just begun to wonder, as I
watched them from our window, where they
were going, when the freight-elevator doors

opened and in they came to our place with the
sign. ‘Is this the Blank Printing Company?’
the leader asked. I said that it was. ‘Well,
here’s the sign that Mr. Calkins called up about.
He wants the top line of letters shaded in black.’

Thinking' that there had
been a mistake, I called Up
Mr. Calkins. He told me
he had bought the sign from
you, but, having forgotten
which one of your houses it
came from, had called us up
on a chance. When I told
him to send the sign right
over, he naturally thought
he was on the right track,
but a little while later, hap¬
pening to notice the name
on the bill, he saw his mis¬
take and was just going to call me when I phoned
him. It was a very annoying mix-up.

“Now, here’s the point,” the boss went on;
“unless you sold Mr. Calkins this sign at night,

a fact I very much doubt, you used the time I
was paying you for to do it, which is just as much
a form of robbery as if you had put your hand

THE INLAND PRINTER

into my pocket and taken the money out. Do
you realize that fact? ”

Put in this manner, I would have had to be
mighty dense not to see the logic of the state¬
ment. I confessed that, while it had never struck
me that way, I realized the truth of the charge,
and promised to swear olf side-lines for good.
Since that time I have found that the most fun
and the most money lay in bucking one line and
bucking it with all your might, main and brain.

Determined to show the boss that I was thor¬
oughly repentant, I now buckled down to work
in earnest and for three months things went
along so smooth that I prided myself on being
completely out of Blunder-Land. But pride
goeth before a fall, and all too soon the crash
came. I had gone to hear a celebrated sales-
manager speak one evening on the subject of
getting under the customer’s skin. Don’t just
sell a man, he advocated, make a friend of him;
know his history, his habits and his hobbies.

The lecture made a deep impression on me
and I decided to put the theory into practice.
Accordingly, at my first call the next day, I asked
the office boy, before I entered my man’s office,
what hobby his boss was interested in. “ He’s a
nut on photography,” the boy assured me, and,
being an amateur photographer myself, I fig¬
ured the order was as good as mine.

I hadn’t spoken to my man five minutes when
I managed to switch the conversation around to
photography and he bit like a hungry trout. We
had been discussing the subject for about an
hour, and I had almost begun to believe that
sales-manager had the right idea, when my man
mentioned that he intended taking some snap-1
shots in his house the following Sunday.

“You don’t mean snap-shots,” I corrected
him. “You mean time exposures. Snap-shots
taken indoors will be underexposed.”

“ Like fun they’ll be,” my man answered. “ I
know better.”

Now this was sheer foolishness, for I had
learned, from six years’ experience, that the
thing was impossible. At the end of an hour I
had succeeded in convincing the customer that I
was right, but — and mark this well — the argu¬
ment, and the fact that he had to admit defeat,
so incensed my customer that I lost the order
that I had come in for. Since that time I have
always found it much better, in dealing with a

customer, to lose an argument and book an order
than to win the argument and lose an order;
also, that the more you confine your talk to busi¬
ness in a man’s office, the better off you will be
and the closer you will get to your customer,
especially if your line interests him.

He read me the riot act good and proper.

At about this time I commenced looking on
myself as a real salesman and started running
around with the real salesmen from several
other shops. They speedily convinced me that
real salesmen get orders without having to use
the old-fashioned method of hustling for them,
and so, on very hot days, they would drag me
down to the beach with them for a swim. About
four-thirty in the afternoon I would call up the
boss, tell him I was detained at a customer’s and
would not be back. Oh, yes, I learned the tricks
of real salesmen very fast. I found that even
with taking a day or two off this way every
week I still sold above my quota, so my con¬
science did not give me any trouble. If it had,
I would have soothed it with that ancient argu¬
ment that the other salesmen speedily taught
me : “ The boss is paying us for selling stuff, not
for working hours. If you could get orders at
midnight, sleep all day and still sell your quota,
he would be satisfied. All he wants is orders.”
I did not realize then that the man who takes it
easy is on the road to incompetence, while the

THE INLAND PRINTER

fellow who loafs on the job and thinks he is fool¬
ing the boss is only fooling himself.

One hot, sweltering day in August after a nice
afternoon spent in the surf, I decided it was time
to call up the boss and give him my daily spiel.
I got my office on the bath-house telephone, told
the boss I was down-town, and did not believe

I could finish my list in time to get back. The
boss said I could go home when I was through.
I hung up the receiver and walked out to the end
of the raft. I was just about to dive off, when
the bath-house keeper called to me that I was
wanted on the telephone. One of the other
salesmen, having agreed to meet me at the bath¬
house that afternoon, failed to appear, and I, of
course, imagined that he was telephoning me
now to make his belated excuses. I ran to the
telephone, took down the receiver and said
“Hello.” The voice I heard in answer to my
greeting nearly knocked me over. It was the
boss. “ What street did you say you were in
down-town?” he asked. “I didn’t quite get it
before; I believe some one cut us off.” By the
very nature of the question I naturally inferred
that the boss did not know where I had really
called from, so I said I was in Market street.

“Good!” he said. “Mr. Smith, one of our
old accounts on the same street, just called up
on another wire and wants a man to come right
over. I told the operator to say you would be
there in a few minutes. Can I depend on you ? ”

What could I say? “I’m afraid I’ll be at
this man’s office too late,” I finally stammered
out, in desperation.

“You won’t be, if you do as I tell you,” the
boss answered, in a voice that I knew, from pre¬
vious experience, meant fire-works. “Just take
two more dives, get your hair good and dry,
then run over to see Smith”
— and with that parting shot,
I heard the “ clickety-click ”
as the boss hung up his re¬
ceiver.

There was a late-after-
noon ocean-breeze blowing
and I was in my bathing-suit,
but I certainly sweated for
the next few minutes. That
the boss knew where I was,
I was now certain. How he
found out, I did not discover
until the next morning, when
one of the salesmen who had
been in the office at the time
told me all about it. It seems
that as soon as I got through
telephoning, someone called
me on another wire and the
switchboard operator had shouted to the boss
to try and hold me. But I had already rung
off and the boss immediately called Central
and asked to be again connected with the num¬
ber that had just called. In a few minutes he
had the connection, but a strange voice answered
his greeting. Surprised, he asked who was on
the wire, and the man — who happened to be
the bath-house keeper that had called me to the
telephone — told him what and where the place
was. That woke the boss. He asked that I be
put on the telephone again and what followed,
I knew only too well.

When the boss came in that morning, he read
me the riot act good and proper. I think it was
the closest he ever came to firing me outright.
Despite my blunders, he had always seemed to
see some good in me and had invariably forgiven
my mistakes cheerfully and willingly, realizing
that I was doing my best. But for shirking he
could find no excuse and he said he was through.
I was so contrite, however, and seemed so con¬
science-stricken, that he let me off. The boss
was certainly blessed with a kind heart.

THE INLAND PRINTER

As I ponder, in retrospection, on my next
blunder, I can not help thinking that it is the
only one that could just as readily happen to me
now, for I have always had, and still carry, a
soft spot in my heart for the ladies.

I called on one of my customers one morning,
and the first thing I noticed, as I entered his
office, was the new typist — a sweet, demure
little blond. She looked so bewitching that I just
stood and stared. My customer, seated across
the room from the girl, must have noticed the
direction of my glance, for he smiled and said:
“ Pretty nice, eh? ”

“Certainly is,” I heartily agreed. “You
can’t blame me for looking.”

“ No, I can’t,” my customer admitted frankly.
“ I’m rather glad that an experienced man like
you is interested enough to look.”

I did not know just how to take this, but,
deciding it was meant as flattery, I said : “ I don’t
think you’ll find many that won’t stop and
look.”

“Nothing will please me better,” my man
answered, to my intense surprise.

“The trouble is,” I assured him, “most peo¬
ple won’t be satisfied with just one look. They’ll
all want to stop, stand and stare.”

“ I hope they do,” came back the mystifying

answer. “ The more they stare the better they’ll
remember, and the better will be results.”

“What do you mean, ‘results,’” I asked
lightly, although I was wondering what he was
driving at.

“ Why,” he answered, “ don’t you see that the
more people are attracted and the more they
stop and stare, the more apt they will be to
buy?”

“ Buy ! ” I snapped out, flushing guiltily at the
very connotations of the word. “ I’ll bet my
right arm a king’s ransom couldn’t buy that
girl.”

“Girl? What girl?” my customer asked in
evident bewilderment.

“Your new stenographer, sitting across the
room there. The one you’re talking about,” I
answered hotly.

“The one I’m talking about,” my customer
almost screamed. “Why, you simpleton, I’m
talking about the show-card I’ve just bought;
the one that’s hanging right over her head.
Wasn’t that what you were looking at before? ”

Of course, I had all I could do to convince my
customer that I ever thought of anything else
but girls, but even now I believe that, given the
choice between looking at a beautiful piece of
printing or a beautiful girl, I would choose the
girl every time.

PRACTICAL HINTS ON EMBOSSING

By ROBERT F. SALADE

MANY printing craftsmen and
others have, no doubt, often ad¬
mired the excellent advertising
literature which comes at inter¬
vals from the specimen-printing department of
the Keystone Type Foundry, Philadelphia. All
of the typographers, pressmen, bookbinders,
etc., employed in this private plant are artists
in their lines, but the man who plans and directs
the work — Charles W. Smith, superintendent
— is an art-printer of great skill. For more
than two decades Mr. Smith has been design¬
ing practically all of the attractive publicity
matter sent out by this house. He is not only
a highly educated typographer, and an expert
layer-out and designer; in addition, he is a

trained platen and cylinder pressman, and has
rather an extensive knowledge of intricate
paper-cutting, bookbinding, stitching-machines,
folders, saw-trimmers, perforating-machines
and other devices of this class.

Among the leading products turned out in
this establishment is a great deal of process
colorwork, commercial art printing, half-tone
plates and embossing. It is with the embossing
that this article is chiefly concerned. In this
plant much really beautiful embossing is being
produced under the direction of Charles W.
Smith. Fine embossing — large portraits of
immortals like Benjamin Franklin, and other
figure work — is one of his first-rank hobbies.
It is very interesting for the lover of art-

THE INLAND PRINTER

printing to watch Mr. Smith directing one of
his skilled platen pressmen in the intricacies of
embossing. He does not sit at a desk and ex¬
plain his ideas; instead, he stands right in front
of the machine involved. Occasionally he takes
off his office coat to do some difficult piece of
work himself. Recently, the writer was fortu¬
nate in being able to see Mr. Smith directing
the make-ready of an unusually deep embossing-
die. The subject was a large portrait. The
press being used for the work was equipped
with an electric plate-heater.

The following technical information is of¬
fered for the benefit of printers who may desire
to know some facts about the practical side of
embossing as done on ordinary platen presses.
Mind, these facts are from one of the leading
printing craftsmen in the country — a man who
is a master of art printing and embossing. This
information should be of priceless value to the
pressman who is not an expert in the work of
embossing.

“If you have no objection, give me an idea
of your method of embossing,” the writer
asked of Mr. Smith.

“Well, first the platen is stripped of every¬
thing, and if the clamps are in any way loose,
they are held tightly by inserting a few small
pieces of paper between the clamps and the
platen,” began Mr. Smith.

“Next, a sheet of common book-paper, about
an inch larger all around than the stock to be
embossed, is glued to the platen. This sheet
is rubbed with the hand until it is smooth and
almost dry. Over this is then glued a sheet of
strawboard, chip-board or pulp-board, about
the same size as the paper. I think that the
strawboard is best for the foundation for the
male die, or counter, in embossing. However,
the chip-board, or pulp-board, may be used,
although they are not so hard and tough as
the strawboard.

“Through pasting the sheet of paper to the
platen of the press, and then applying the
board, the latter adheres more firmly than if it
were stuck directly to the platen.

“We use one of the hot-embossers. These
devices consist of a steel base which is locked
up in a form in the same manner as type or
plates. The base is so constructed that the
brass female die can be attached to it in any

desired position by means of screws. Insu¬
lated wire leads from the plate-heater to the
electric-light socket over the press. Three dif¬
ferent degrees of heat may be obtained. These
electric hot-embossers, or embossing-plate heat¬
ers, can be used on any make of platen press
with success. Of course, the Universal type of
press gives the best results in heavy embossing,
on account of the powerful construction of such
machines.

“We have done very good cold embossing
on various kinds of platen presses; but, with¬
out question, the electric hot-embossing is the
more sharp and lasting. For extra large
embossing-dies regular embossing-presses, steam
or electrically heated, should be used. I must
say, however, that we handle some heavy and
deep figure dies on regular platen presses with¬
out any trouble.

“ Cutting and building up the counter, or
male, die properly is the principal thing in em¬
bossing. This is especially true when making
ready the counter for a figure die such as a
portrait, form of a human, animal, etc. The
round curves, ‘ hills and hollows,’ as well as the
fine lines in plates of this class, must be worked
up in the counter with great care and skill. It
is not a good plan for the pressman to let the
embossing composition care for all the detail.

“ Our system of making the counter, or male,
die is as follows: An inked impression of the
female die is printed on the strawboard foun¬
dation on the platen. Then a number of inked
impressions of the female die are taken on kid-
finish stock. Suppose the subject is the bust of
a woman : Small circles and ovals are cut from
the various rounded places in the prints, and
the pieces of kid-finish stock are then pasted in
proper position on the foundation strawboard.
After the first cut-outs have been pasted on,
others slightly larger are pasted over them.
This is done with half a dozen of the kid-finish
sheets until all of the round and oval parts of
the subject printed on the strawboard have been
worked up accurately. The embossing compo¬
sition should then be applied, after having
‘ pounded up ’ the foundation of kid-finish stock
by taking a number of impressions.

“ In our experience, the best embossing com¬
position is that formed of Alabastine, fish-glue
and sodium silicate. First, the Alabastine and

THE INLAND PRINTER

fish-glue are mixed to the consistency of soft
putty. Then, just previous to putting on the
composition, a small quantity of the sodium sil¬
icate is added. This formula will dry as hard
as glass, and it will stand up for a very long
run, doing good work throughout.

“The composition is applied sparingly over
the foundation of kid-finish stock. A sheet of
French folio is spread over the composition
mass before taking the first impression. The
efficient pressman will hold a sheet of oiled tis¬
sue or folio between the die and the counter
while the male die is being ‘ pounded up.’ It
is well to have the female die heated when
working up the detail in the counter-die. The
press should be run for several minutes so that
every crevice in the female die will come out
sharp and clear in the counter.

“When making a counter-die for embossing
lettering, panels, and other plates not classed
as figure dies, the flat portions of the counter¬
die should be carefully cut away. A sharp
make-ready knife is used, and the cutting is
done as close to the relief work as possible.
This cutting should be done on a bevel. When
all of the flat parts of the counter are cut away,
there is nothing to prevent the raised detail
from entering the intaglio plate to its full capac¬
ity. This means perfect embossing, provided

the carving in the plate is not too deep for the
kind of stock used. In cases where the female
die is too deep, causing the embossed sections
of the stock to break, a sheet of tin-foil is laid
over the female die to reduce its sharpness. Of
course, the sheet of tin-foil is to remain over the
die during the entire run.

“ Cutting away the flat or blank portions of
the male die not only eliminates unsightly ‘ iron¬
ing’ in the finished product, but it reduces the
impressional strain on the press as well. After
all of the cutting has been done, a sheet of
light-weight gummed paper may be pasted over
the entire make-ready so as to make it smooth
for feeding purposes. Pull a number of impres¬
sions before the gummed paper becomes dry, so
that the sharpness of the counter will not be
impaired.

“Whenever possible, an embossing form
should be made ready toward the end of the
work-day so that the counter-die may dry firm
over night. Otherwise the counter should
stand for at least an hour before proceeding
with the run.

“ In cases of very long runs of heavy emboss¬
ing, it may be essential to repair the counter-die
occasionally. This can be done by ‘ patching
up ’ with a little of the composition, allowing it
to dry, as with the regular male die.’’

FROM COPYHOLDER TO PROOFREADER

No. i.— By H. B. COOPER

NOT “ From Log Cabin to White
House,” though a part of our
journey to achievement is by the
same long, yellow, dusty road that
Abraham Lincoln traveled. Thank God for
that old, winding way, with its associations, and
that we may walk in it! Most of us do not
have to start at the log cabin, and we never get
in sight of the White House. But, for a little
stretch, until we reach circumstantial or self-
imposed limits, we are permitted to keep com¬
pany with other travelers who are pressing
onward to make the utmost that is possible out
of their lives.

The proofreader’s goal is somewhere, not so
very far, along this road. We have learned to

do our share of the world’s work by helping
others to do theirs more perfectly. We love
books, and we are content to live in a sort of
No Man’s Land, bounded on one side by the
colony of literary folk — book men, magazine
men, newspaper men — and on the other by
representatives of the typographical art. We
are a submerged class, our names unknown, and
not for a million dollars could there be pur¬
chased for advertising or other purposes a com¬
prehensive list of proofreaders throughout the
country. At the same time, no book is pub¬
lished without the aid that we are so ready to
give — that we have learned to give by keeping
in touch continually with our neighbors on both
sides. They come to us, knowing well that we

THE INLAND PRINTER

understand what they want and can get it done
for them. Literary folk pay us money to read
their books and to bring them up to typograph¬
ical standards, while printers are dependent
upon our keeping their work up to a standard
of literary excellence. Between them, we find
enough to do; sometimes more than we can do.

From the proofreader’s point of view the
goal is “ somewhere, not so very far,” along
the road. From the copyholder’s view-point it
seems very, very far — almost unattainable. I
know, because I have been a copyholder my¬
self. And there was no one to show me the
way; I had to find out for myself that it took
years of development along two different lines,
as hinted at in the preceding paragraph. Be¬
sides, these lines did not run parallel for me.
When I was at school I could not make any
headway with proofreading — indeed, I forgot
all about it, and prepared myself to be a
teacher; when, during vacations, I was copy¬
holding and setting type at the case I was in
another world from my school friends, but
there I could not make any headway in proof¬
reading either. It was not until there was a
“merger” between the two that I discovered I
had an aptitude for what has since proved to be
my life-work.

I am writing this article for copyholders, and
I wish that only the ambitious ones would ever
begin the work that may or may not lead to
proofreading. I have known so many of an¬
other type, whom I would weed out of the

ranks if I could. There was Mamie - , who

did not so much as try. Ignorant? Of course.
Making mistakes from morning to night, and
not caring! One day, instead of writing “ Chi¬
cago, Ill.,” as she was directed to do on a pack¬
age of proofs to be mailed to Chicago, she
wrote “ Chic, Ill.,” and was ready to let it go
at that. When I asked her to write “ Chicago ”
in full, she refused me pointblank with the
words, “I’m going home. Where’s me money?”
I have never forgotten it: “Where’s me
money?” What do you think of her as a proof¬
reader in the bud?

Then there were two boys who I am afraid
were “ lazy, good for nothing,” though I never
actually call anybody that. They were mixed
in with a number of other coypholders, some of
whom were most responsive when called. It

gave the good-for-naughts the chance they were
looking for, to shirk; and they began to vie
with each other as to which could do the less
work in a day. Finally they came to an agree¬
ment, and shook hands upon it every morning,
that neither should do any work at all, except
as he was called by name and ordered to do it.
We had to collar the boys, almost, if we wanted
them to do any reading for us after that. And
always, to start the day, was that paralyzing
handshake by way of agreement that they would
“ soldier ” !

All over the country dozens of young people,
fitted for copyholding or not, are every day
being hired or fired. Regardless of such essen¬
tials as a fair education, adaptability to the
work of a proofroom, good health, good eye¬
sight, punctuality, proper deportment toward
proofreaders, pronunciation in helpful copy¬
holding, they are provided as “helpers” — or
“hinderers” — to the long-suffering proofread¬
ers, who must get along with them for a time,
at least, until better ones can be found. And
in the intervals when copyholders are not
needed to hold copy, and have nothing to do,
many are apt to get worse instead of better by
reading the trash they ordinarily indulge in.

Just at this point in my writing I was called
from my desk by a man who knew of my inter¬
est in one of the new “ systems ” which is ad¬
vertised to supersede stenography. It is the
“ machine way,” and alleged to be faster,
plainer, easier, and all the rest ! He wanted to
enroll me as a student at the business college
which has bought fifty machines and signed an
exclusive contract to teach all applicants in this
city. I asked explicitly for terms. “ Only
blank dollars a week,” he answered, “ for a
course lasting about four to six months —
though we do not limit it, the length of time
depending upon the individual student. After
that you will be able to command a twenty to
thirty-five dollar position — indeed, the posi¬
tions are going begging, for there are not quali¬
fied students enough to fill them.” “ Do you
allow the students to use your machines while
learning? ” I inquired. “ No, they pay fifty-odd
dollars for a machine of their own at the begin¬
ning of the course,” he answered rather uncom¬
fortably, as though he wished I would say no
more about that part of it. But I was inter-

THE INLAND PRINTER

ested, and I exclaimed: “What! Make stu¬
dents buy their machines before they know
whether they are going to like the new system,
or succeed with it! That is putting up a big
stake.” “It is a big stake,” he admitted. “You
tie them all up at the start!” “We have to
tie them up — just like children. Then they
keep at work until they have finished. Other¬
wise they would not practice. As it is, we have
taught the course already to more than a hun¬
dred persons, and not a trifler among them.
Can you beat that?”

Now, my readers, remember at just what
point of this article I was interrupted. I was
telling about the triflers that drift into proof¬
rooms all over the country, with no intention
to stay or to learn. Is it strange that what my
caller told me fitted right into my story, and I
wanted to hang up a sign over every proofroom
door: “No Triflers Admitted” ?

At least I will hang it up here before I con¬
tinue my discussion of the subject, “ From
Copyholder to Proofreader.” It is no four
months’ course, but rather four years of prep¬
aration that I am talking about to copyholders
who are in earnest. I wish we could require
them to put up a big stake, not only to keep the
triflers out, but to help win success for all who
are worthy.

With the exclusion of triflers and those who
are physically and mentally unfit to hold respon¬
sible positions, it is still a great problem how to
keep copyholders from falling by the wayside.
Some quickly learn the routine of the proof¬
room; being excellent readers of copy, and
orderly in marking and putting away the proof
sheets, they are a great help to the proofreader;
they are supposed to keep tab on everything
that passes through the proofroom, to be able
to find anything immediately when it is called
for, to take messages to the compositors, to
carry proof sheets back and forth, etc. The
more a copyholder learns to help in a proof¬
room, the more the proofreader is apt to recip¬
rocate in little ways, by showing how things are
done, and why. There is a great giving away
of professional secrets in a proofroom, and
reserves are broken down between proofreader
and copyholder when they are mutually con¬
genial. It is an opportunity for the copyholder
to learn everything there is to learn about

proofreading, if things could be learned simply
by looking on. As a matter of fact, however,
immaturity of mind is a serious barrier to ac¬
quisition, and many copyholders have no grasp
at all of what is most important.

Revising is more or less routine work, though
it is responsible work that only the best copy-
holders can be trusted to do. Some of them
learn to be wizards at it. The best reviser that
I ever had was a girl getting only ten dollars a
week until I made representations to the fore¬
man that brought her an increase to twelve. At
the same time he told her that she had reached
the limit for that office. Her reading of copy
was faultless, so that we never misunderstood
each other; and her revising gave me a sense
of security that nothing would go wrong. She
was alert and watchful continually. I felt
sure that she would make a good proofreader.
“Next time you want a raise,” I said to her,
“you can not get it in this office, but you can
get it outside. Take your life in your hand and
make the venture. There is no reason in the
world why you should not succeed.” “Yes,”
she said, “there is: I can not punctuate any
more than a baby. I read right over the comma
places without any suspicion that a comma
should be there if it isn’t there. I’m afraid I’m
hopeless. If I could go to an office where there
was only figure work I’d go in a minute; but I
couldn’t do the other. Besides, I don’t have to
go. I can have lots of pretty clothes and good
times on twelve dollars a week, without risking
the loss of my position.”

“Ah,” I thought, “she is not willing to put
up the stake, because she doesn’t have to. I
could teach her about the commas if she really
had a mind to learn, just as I taught myself
when the law of necessity ruled my life. The
time came when I had to learn about the com¬
mas — I learned them all right.”

It was only another illustration of how from
the beginning until now Nature has subjected
us all to the law of necessity, to bring out the
best that is in us. Where there is no necessity
to do, there is often “nothing doing.”

But would the copyholders for whom I am
writing like to hear the story of how I learned
about the commas? It may contain some helps
and suggestions for them, so I will not forget
to tell it in the next issue.

THE INLAND PRINTER

THE ONE HUMAN WEAKNESS

By EDGAR WHITE

SAID an old editor to me when I was
floundering about the edges of news-
paperdom : “ Get all the names you can.
Don’t mind those who say they would
rather not get in print — that is affected mod¬
esty. They all like it, and they will like you
all the better for getting them in as often as
you can, unless they are up for stealing or wife¬
beating. Then they are a little squeamish.
Otherwise, they want to be in. It is the one
great human weakness.”

Experience since then has taught me the
truth of the old editor’s words. I have never
made a person mad by putting his name in the
paper. I have often aroused deep hostility by
leaving names out, even when it was done acci¬
dentally, and I have had people call at the
office and give me a severe lecture because
their names were omitted from reports of func¬
tions in which they took a more or less promi¬
nent part, and they nearly always attributed the
neglect to ulterior motives.

Every man thinks he is blessed with more
than the ordinary sense of modesty, of a desire
to avoid public notice and commendation. I
have had men tell me directly they did not wish
their names used in connection with some event,
and then become offended because they were
taken seriously.

Toward the close of a dull summer, Joseph
J. Heifner, editor of the Macon (Mo.) Times-
Democrat, found himself in urgent need of
$300 to keep things going. In early Septem¬
ber there was to be a fair and harvest home
festival in his town, and he was considering a
special advertising edition for the event'. But
on figuring it out he could not see the $300
profit, because the expense of extra advertising
men, printers and material would absorb most
of the income at the prevailing advertising rate.

The money had to come and it had to come
quickly. There was no alternative. The edi¬
tor worried over the problem night and day.
One day an auctioneering friend came in and
left copy for an advertisement, with directions
to get a cut to run with it.

“ Have it double-column or bigger,” he said.

“Say, Billy,” remonstrated the editor, “you
don’t want a double-column — a single will look
nicer in the paper.”

The auctioneer, who was a big, rough-and-
ready fellow, laughed.

“I know what you are thinking, Joe,” he
said. “ That I am blessed with too much gall.
But you are on the wrong mule — that is not it
at all. It is not because I think I am a Polo
Belva Deer, or whatever the gentleman’s name
was, but it is because I want people to know
what I look like so they will feel acquainted.
It helps business.”

“ I know, but wouldn’t a single-column do
just as well? It is much neater. Nine men out
of ten would prefer the smaller cut.”

“That is just where you are dead wrong,”
declared the auctioneer, “ and I dare you to
make a test of it.”

“ How will you test it ? ”

“Easy enough. Tell them you are getting
out a ‘ well-known citizen edition,’ and that you
want their pictures to go in at $2.50 for a
single-column and $5 for a double. I’ve got
ten bucks that says you’ll sell more doubles than
singles, and that a lot of them will stand for a
three-column cut.”

“ Just the cut? ”

“Yes, with the name under it, of course.”

That would be easy money if it worked, but
the editor was not so sanguine. Still he had to
try so as to prove his own idea. He took
samples of single and double column personal
engravings to one of the leading merchants.

“ I have been thinking of getting out a pic¬
torial edition,” explained the editor, “ to be dis¬
tributed during the harvest home festival.”

“All right,” replied the merchant; “I will
fetch my photograph down after dinner, and
have you get a cut made.”

“Single or double?”

The merchant looked at the samples.

“I like the double best,” he said; “there is
more life to it.”

After the editor had seen eight or ten pros-

THE INLAND PRINTER

pects the work of soliciting was practically
over. The dealers started talking about the
enterprise, and the news spread all over town.
The butcher, the baker, the barber, the harness-
maker, the ice-cream man — everybody wanted
to be in as a “well-known” citizen of the town.
And, of course, a well-known citizen could not
think of using anything less than a double¬
column cut. Several took three-column cuts
at $7.50. Not one objected to the price. It
was the easiest campaign for business the editor
ever conducted. Even the doctors went in,
because it was not against the ethics to have
your picture in the paper. In some cases a
few descriptive lines were put under a cut, but
even that was not demanded.

The patronage was surprising. It came
from every quarter. It was the first real
chance some had to get in the limelight, and
they did not let it get away. The original
intention was to print a ten-page paper, but the
plans had to be changed swiftly for twelve,
fourteen, sixteen and finally to a twenty-page
edition. On the first page were a few stock
cuts, local factories and buildings, some cows
and mules, and a column or two of text. There
was just enough reading-matter on the other
pages to keep the pictures of the “ well-known ”
citizens from getting too close together.

The edition netted over $300, and the people
said it was the best thing ever published in the
town. A great many extra copies were sold.

The auctioneer came around after it was all
over and leaned on the office railing.

“Well?” he said.

Mr. Heifner produced a ten-dollar bill.

“You win,” he declared.

“ Keep it,” returned the auctioneer. “ Or,
if you want to do a little something to help
along, order me another cut — a three-column
one this time.”

Now, the people of Macon are no different
from the people in other towns. They are just
humdrum humans, with the ordinary human
ambitions and failings. The same plan could
be carried out as successfully in any enterpris¬
ing American city. Getting right down to brass
tacks, a man would rather see his picture in
print than to have a column of laudation. He
may be bald-headed, cross-eyed and square-
jawed, but it is his head and he is proud of it.
And you could not do him a greater favor than
to place it where a lot of people can see it.
That is why the makers of cartoons enjoy such
popularity among public men. There are other
human weaknesses, but this one, from Presi¬
dent down to shoe-shine artist, is common to all.
Try it in your own paper.

THE PRINTER’S POWER

/^^^^RINTING has not yet come to its own. It is

E JV young yet, and it is democratic. It has yet to
make its great record. Sweeping into its grasp
the arts of the artist, the photographer, the designer, the
colorist, the ' paper-maker, the engraver and the book¬
binder, and laying tribute on all the other arts, it is most
directly influential in molding the thought of the nation.

— Henry Turner Bailey

THE FORCE BEHIND THE WORLD OF BUSINESS — THE PRINTER

Drawn by John T. Nolf, ex-Printer.

THE INLAND PRINTER

Through an oversight the name of the designer
of the cover used on the September issue of The
Inland Printer was omitted, and we take this
opportunity to express our regret and give the
proper credit. The design was one of the many
submitted in the recent contest conducted through
the Job Composition Department of this journal,
and was the work of Fred E. Ross, of Denver,
Colorado.

Look well to the efficiency of the plant. It is
more necessary at present, probably, than at any
other time in history. The call has come to many
of our boys to give their service to the country.
Before long, others will, undoubtedly, be called,
and some will be taken for those industries en¬
gaged in furnishing the necessary equipment and
supplies for the boys at the front. In many in¬
stances, it will be difficult to fill their places in the
shop or office. Therefore, methods must be devised
to increase the efficiency of the plant and enable
those remaining therein to increase their produc¬
tion in order to make up for those who have gone.
Labor-saving de rices and methods should be inves¬
tigated and installed, and all waste motion elimi¬
nated or reduced to a minimum.

In gathering material for his book on printing,
which will be published in the near future, Mr.
Charles Francis, of the Charles Francis Press, of
New York, made a discovery that should cause
leaders of the printing industry to take action
toward having a change made in the methods of
compiling the census of the industry. Printing
has been placed fifth in position among the leading
industries of the country by the Bureau of the
Census. Not satisfied with the statistics given in
the reports of the Bureau, and desiring to obtain
first-hand information, Mr. Francis sent a statis¬
tician to Washington to make an examination of
the records. It was found that with the manufac¬
ture of all of the products connected with printing
included under one head, as they should be, the
industry is rightfully entitled to third instead of
fifth place. For instance, paper and the machin¬
ery used in the printing-trades are placed under
1-4

separate heads. These, and all other items con¬
nected with the production of printed matter,
should be included under the one general heading,
“ Printing and Allied Industries.” The importance
of these industries demands this, and a movement
should be started to have it done when the next
census is compiled.

Labor Matters in Connection with the War.

A recent bulletin issued by a committee of the
Chamber of Commerce of the United States, which
is cooperating with the Council of National De¬
fense, sets forth a part of the Government’s policy
with regard to labor matters in connection with
the war. Throughout the bulletin strong emphasis
is placed upon statements of the Secretary of Labor
— to whom the various government officials look
for information or advice regarding labor prob¬
lems — to the effect that employers and employ¬
ees should not attempt to take advantage of the
existing abnormal conditions to change the stand¬
ards which they were unable to change under nor¬
mal conditions. All agree that industrial peace
should be promoted during these times of concen¬
trated national energy, and the spokesman for the
Government has taken the position that industrial
peace will be promoted by continuing the status
existing when the war began, so far as standards
of hours and recognition of unions are concerned.

A resolution submitted by the Executive Com¬
mittee of the Committee on Labor to the Council
of National Defense included the following state¬
ment : “ When economic or other emergencies

arise requiring changes of standards, the same
shall be made only after such proposed changes
have been investigated and approved by the Coun¬
cil of National Defense.”

It can not be too strongly emphasized that the
present crisis demands the greatest possible coop¬
eration between the employer and employee. The
united effort of both will be necessary in order to
bring about the successful termination of the war,
and all should work together for that end. All
differences, whatever their nature, must be settled
promptly and amicably so that industry will not be
impeded in any way.

THE INLAND PRINTER

Water-Power Legislation.

While, to many, water-power legislation may
not seem to have any direct connection with the
printing industry, it does have a direct bearing
on the industry and is of vital importance. Bills
are now before the House of Representatives and
the Senate which provide for the passage of a law
authorizing the Secretary of the Interior to issue
to responsible citizens permits covering a period of
fifty years, or more or less, as the one to whom
the permit is issued may elect, which allow the
making of improvements on water-power lands
and guarantee protection by the Government.

These bills have received the endorsement of
the American Newspaper Publishers’ Association,
the Southern Newspaper Publishers’ Association,
and other organizations, and the Committee on
Paper of the first-named organization is strongly
urging publishers to do all in their power to secure
the passage of the bills.

It is pointed out that the proper development
of much of the water power of the country would
have a beneficial effect on the production of news¬
print paper, which at the present time is at a crit¬
ical stage. As has been set forth by The Fourth
Estate, “ the economical manufacture of news¬
print hinges on four things: The low cost of
wood ; transportation ; management ; low cost of
hydroelectric power. . . . Nature has largely

segregated her natural resources in the far west¬
ern States. There the forests necessary to the
manufacture of wood-pulp and paper line the
banks of the falling water. Far more spruce, larch
and hemlock timber is coming to fruition and wast¬
ing each year in our western forests, contiguous
to also wasting water power, than is sufficient
to produce, at cheapest cost, all the wood-pulp and
paper required by the newspapers of this country.”

Matters of this character demand the united
effort of all connected with the industry.

Short Courses for Foremen

A new departure in the extension of education
in subjects pertaining to printing was inaugurated
by the Iowa State College at what was called a
“ Short Course in Printing,” a brief report of
which appears in the news section of this issue.
Heretofore the short courses that have been con¬
ducted in various sections of the country have been
devoted primarily to the business or editorial sides
of the country newspaper, or printing-plant, and
have been open mainly to the editors or proprie¬
tors. On this occasion the course was for the fore¬
men and compositors, and the subjects selected for
discussion were for their special benefit.

This should offer a good suggestion to schools
or printers’ organizations in other districts.
Bringing the foremen and other workers in the
plants together in this way, and giving them the
opportunity to listen to talks by those who are
authorities in their special lines, and also to dis¬
cuss the best methods for conducting their depart¬
ments and for improving the work, would have a
marked influence toward putting the business on a
more profitable basis. The subjects selected should
not be confined to mechanical problems, but should
also deal with the business problems so as to give
the workers a better understanding of what con¬
fronts the one who is distributing the product of
their labor to the consumer.

Employers would be greatly benefited by send¬
ing their foremen, and, if possible, some of the
other workers, to short courses of this character
— to such an extent, indeed, as to warrant their
bearing the expenses of the trip and paying the
men for the time they are away.

“Cost of Health Supervision in Industry.”

The loss to industry through the absence of
employees, caused by sickness or accident, has
proved a serious problem and has directed con¬
siderable attention and investigation on the part
of experts in various industries. Printing is not
what is generally called a hazardous occupation;
nevertheless, accidents are not infrequent, and
those working at printing are not immune from
sickness. In many cases, both the employer and
the employee are saved considerable expense and
annoyance by having minor accidents attended to
immediately, or by the detection of disease or ill¬
ness while in the early stages.

An eight-page folder bearing the above title,
recently issued by The Conference Board of Phy¬
sicians in Industrial Practice, contains some inter¬
esting data regarding the annual cost of health
supervision, gathered from plants of various sizes
and engaged in safe as well as hazardous opera¬
tions. Ninety-nine plants are listed in the table
shown, two being engaged in publishing. Of these,
the average number of employees in the first is
given as 141 ; the second, 3,217. In the first plant
the total medical and surgical cost was $56, and
the average cost per employee was 40 cents. In
the second the total cost was $3,417, and the aver¬
age cost $1.06. It is safe to state that the saving
to both the workers and the employers far exceeded
these amounts.

In view of the fact that the cost is extremely
low, it would seem a wise investment for every
employer to establish health-supervision service.

THE INLAND PRINTER

CORRESPONDENCE

While our columns are always open for the discussion of any relevant subject, we do not necessarily indorse the opinions of contributors. Anony¬
mous letters will not be noticed; therefore correspondents will please give their names — not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of
good faith. All letters of more than one thousand words will be subject to revision.

MORE ABOUT COPY EDITING.

To the Editor: St. John, New Brunswick.

Mr. Salade’s article in the August number of your
magazine struck a responsive chord in my experience.
About eight years ago, in a large office, I was placed tem¬
porarily in charge of a battery of six monotype keyboards,
just installed. They were “manned” as follows: One
by a young lady compositor of ability who had had con¬
siderable experience on the keyboard; two by women
compositors of all-around experience in book and job
work; two by young lady typewriters, and one by a
school-teacher who wished to change her vocation — the
last five having been given two or three weeks’ instruc¬
tion on the machines by arrangement with the manage¬
ment of the monotype manufacturer.

The first job was a thousand-page biography for
another concern, set in 12-point Scotch-face on 14-point
body, in a measure not wider than eighteen ems pica.
The copy was manuscript [MSS.] — put it this way:
M[u]SS.[y] — irregular in style, erratic as to capital¬
ization, and spasmodic as to punctuation; the principal
points being the dash ( — ) and the exclamation point (!).
Worse than the average, because it had been written hur¬
riedly in collaboration, and to meet an emergency market.

At sea in regard to the qualifications of the outfit, I
started in to edit the copy. While working on the second
round of takes, the foreman summarily prohibited its
continuance, insisting that the copy should be given out
as it was, with brief instructions in regard to general
style. You can imagine the result! I must confess that
the school-teacher ranked next to the leader in general
results, while the two compositors were the tail-enders
— due, perhaps, to a deficient early education. The regu¬
lar office hands made the corrections, and in many in¬
stances could have almost set the type by hand in the
time consumed. The book had to be on the market imme¬
diately — was on the press almost as soon as the revises
were passed — otherwise it could hardly have gone through,
for the narrow measure and the large type required the
most careful handling.

In another office (both concerns were among the larg¬
est in the New England States) much of the work con¬
sisted of law briefs or bankers’ circular letters, the copy
for which was generally handed in about 5:00 p.m. and the
page proofs were required at eight o’clock the following
morning. Here, also, the copy was divided among some
half a dozen women operators, who were prohibited from
working after a certain hour in the evening, each of
whom had to edit her own copy under certain very “ gen¬
eral ” instructions. The corrections were made by the
male compositors — most at time-and-a-half and some at
double-time rates. After spending about three hours one

evening in practically resetting a galley of 11-point on
12-point, thirty ems wide, I suggested to the assistant
foreman (in charge) that it would save much time and
expense to have the copy edited, and was told that there
was “ no time ” to do that, but to “ rush her through.”
Consequently, instead of one competent editor, there were
five or six, indifferently qualified, on the machines, and
three or four more in the persons of “ emergency ” read¬
ers called from the office force, involving a frightful waste
of time and money in the completion of the job. It some¬
times appeared as if it were deliberately intended to make
the bill as large as possible.

Shortly after leaving the employ of the last concern,
I am informed an “expert” was called in, at an expense
of $10 a day, to practically “ show ” them, and his first
pointer was: “ Edit your copy before it goes to the key¬
boards.” Very much of the “ expert ” service could be
eliminated if the employers would condescend to listen to
the common-sense suggestions of competent employees.

Mr. Salade’s article is so much in the line of office
efficiency, and to me such a self-evident proposition, it
occurred to me that it might gratify him to know of one
appreciative reader. Old Timer.

A REPLY TO THE URGING OF YOUNG PRINTERS TO
THE REALIZATION OF FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES.

To the Editor: Bridgeport, Connecticut.

Many articles urging the young men to wake up to
the opportunities of the future have been written in your
valuable trade paper, as well as others, and they always
attract my attention. I have noticed that the young man
is thus urged, but no definite information is put forth for
him to work upon — hence this reply. I will relate as
briefly as possible some of my own experiences.

At an early age I commenced an apprenticeship of seven
years in an old-fashioned office in England, obtaining a
fair knowledge of composition and presswork. During
this period, realizing that it was necessary to get all the
knowledge possible to become proficient, I attended eve¬
ning courses in a trade school. Finally I started out as a
journeyman and went to work in a newspaper office to
gain a practical knowledge of the linotype, make-up of the
paper, and whatever else that could be laid up for future
use. Following this I worked in various job-offices.

Feeling that my opportunities were limited, I came to
America seven years ago and have worked on newspapers
and in medium-sized job-offices, holding successfully posi¬
tions as linotype and monotype operator, compositor,
stoneman and foreman, always paying attention to any
changes and improvements in the trade.

Two years ago I was obliged to leave the trade owing
to a general breakdown, and took up a side line of outside

THE INLAND PRINTER

work. After eighteen months I improved and decided to
return to the craft, and I calculated that, for health rea¬
sons, it would be advisable to obtain an executive position.
Being a practical man, I thought it would not be diffi¬
cult to break in, but after sending out over two hundred
letters to proprietors and managers, and interviewing
several printers, was surprised to find that practical knowl¬
edge did not seem to count, and no executive seemed to
think it worth his while to train an ambitious and consci¬
entious, practical man to relieve him of his executive
duties. Some even expected a practical man to possess
the knowledge of an experienced executive already. I
could very easily have taken a position by professing a
knowledge that I did not possess — but, merely having the
practical experience and adaptability, no chances were
taken — even when the question of salary would not have
prevented my acceptance of the position for the valuable
experience it would offer.

I have studied and have followed the trade papers every
month for some years, and in spite of past failures my
ambition to become a successful printer has by no means
diminished. If any one can show the “ light ” to the
would-be executive, out of the thousands of young men in
the trade, I feel confident that it would be appreciated.

There is room at the top, but that space will increase
if the employing printers do not take an individual inter¬
est in the training of young men. An interest thus taken
would prevent the ambitious printer from starting out
for himself with only the workroom experience. For, if
he does not fail, he will, in all probability, make the old
mistakes of the past printers.

I do not lay claim to being an “ efficiency expert,” but
have saved operating expenses of my employer by common
sense, only to find that he took all the credit and encour¬
aged (?) further efforts by refusing to raise the wages
of any employee.

No doubt there are employers that do things taking
up a great deal of time in order that the coming printer
may receive the benefit of their experience, but there are
also many business men who write, urging the young man
to be ambitious, who, if they looked around, would find
very fine material patiently plodding away that would not
delay taking up any prospect offered — young men that
would work with diligence and most earnest application to
duty in order to justify the interest that had been taken.

_ G. A. A.

“SWIFT” HAND COMPOSITION.

To the Editor: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Some time ago I saw a communication in The Inland
Printer concerning some of the “ old-time swifts,” when
hand-composition was still in vogue to an almost universal
extent. I refer to those good old days, way back in the
eighties, when a man had to do some tall hustling to hold
a job on a newspaper especially, and a comp, was con¬
sidered very inferior if he could not manage to average
his 1,300 to 1,500 an hour on matter off the hook, just as
the copy ran. It was in those good old days when the
takes, especially on a Friday night, as well as Saturday
afternoons and Saturday nights, ran very heavy on
“Among those present were: ” for the Sunday editions.
The old-time comps, will very readily recall the time. In
those days I held down a frame on one of the Philadelphia
morning papers, and can remember to this day the “ hust¬
ling,” nerve-racking rush when the forms were about to
be closed, and the men got two and three-line takes so as
to get the late news into type in a hurry. And at that
time there used to be some “ swift ” setting.

But what I wanted to write about most was a “ stunt ”
that I used to work at that time, which, while not desiring
to make any claim to swiftness, really brought up my
average considerably with very little effort. At first, the
“ method ” worked a little slow, but after some practice
and patience I noticed a very great improvement in the
working of it, and also a corresponding lengthening of my
“ string ” at the end of the run.

I first selected some of the most used words, such as
“ the,” “ and,” “ Mrs.,” etc. I would first pick up the
letter “t” for the word “ the ” and then the space to be
used before the word, thus picking up two types with one
movement towards the stick instead of two, then I would
pick up the letter “ e ” and on the downward movement
also pick up the letter “ h ” at the one movement toward
the stick. The same with the word “ and ” and all the
other words. The object was to make as few movements
with the biggest obtainable results, and you would be sur¬
prised to notice the difference in the amount of work accom¬
plished after the method once had been mastered. There
is virtually no limit to the saving of unnecessary move¬
ments when you are once used to it, and after a while it
comes naturally to you to pick up the letter farthest away
from the stick in the hand, and as your right hand moves
toward the stick to pick up the second letter. Of course,
you see that it always meant the transposition of the two
letters, and in setting the word “ the ” you really pick up
the letters in the following rotation: “t,” “ e,” “ h and
the word “ and,” “ a,” “d,” “ n,” etc., but as I said above,
after a little practice the work comes naturally and with¬
out any effort. In other words, by using this method you
get the benefit of three letters for every two movements
you make, and when you figure the extra saving in move¬
ments in a night’s work, believe me, it amounts to quite
a bit. For quite a number of years, now, I have not done
much “ typesetting,” but recently, in talking over this very
matter with a friend, I went to the case to give him a
practical illustration of my argument, and I was sur¬
prised to find that I had lost none of the old-time method
in doing this. It is just like swimming or skating — when
you once know how, no difficulty is experienced if you set
out to swim or skate in after years.

I am not writing this in any sense of braggadocio, but
just as a mere matter of “ancient” history, and to give
the present-day youngsters something to read and think
about, viz.: that in the old days there were just as efficient
and painstaking men who endeavored to lighten their
labors as in this strenuous, efficiency-seeking day, and
what is more, they “ got there.” I also recall the fact that
when I tried to explain the method to others, some of them
remarked that it was too much of an effort to always
remember the correct transpositions, and that they would
“ stick ” type in the old way, same as their grandfathers
did. I have, in my time, worked out quite a few labor-
saving “ stunts ” in the printing business, and have always
found pleasure in simplifying the work, but the greatest
trouble in putting them into practice was the fact that the
men always complained about the necessity of using their
brains too much to carry out the ideas. You know some
men are “ mere machines,” and can do only what has been
hammered into them. No initiative whatever. I recall
that, about two years ago, I was doing a little experi¬
mental work along certain lines to make work easier, and
one of my men made the remark: “ If this keeps up, you’ll
have machines doing our thinking for us, and we’ll only
have to watch the machines do the work.” Some people
do not seem to appreciate any effort to lighten their labor.

J. D. M.

THE INLAND PRINTER

Compiled for The Inland Printer.

INCIDENTS IN FOREIGN GRAPHIC CIRCLES.

BY OCR SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT.

GREAT BRITAIN.

The members of its staff having entered the army, the
Bicester Herald , Oxfordshire, has ceased publication, after
sixty-two years’ existence.

On May 31 the number of the issue of the London
Daily News was 22222, and on June 22 the issue of the
London Evening News was numbered 11111.

Because of the paper shortage, and the war conditions
in general, Process Work will, during the remaining time
of the war, be published quarterly, instead of monthly.

Arthur Spurgeon, managing director of the Cassell
publishing house, London, has been appointed a member of
the Royal Commission on Paper and Papermaking Mate¬
rials.

As much as £5,000 was obtained from waste paper
during the past financial year by the Cleaning and Light¬
ing Committee of the Edinburgh Town Council. This
year the revenue from this source is likely to be less, as
the Paper Commission has fixed a price for waste paper.

Of the employees of the Clarendon Press, Oxford, up
to June last, 324 have joined the army. At last accounts
twenty-two have died, at the front or elsewhere; nearly
one hundred were wounded, of whom twenty-five have been
discharged from service and have gone back to their old
work with the Clarendon Press.

Printing-ink makers allow no slackening in their
endeavors to overcome the shortage of raw material, in the
shape of dies formerly obtained from Germany. Inquiry
has shown that the dye-manufacturing trade in Germany
is in a combine, and that the Government decides the
prices. Profits are divided among the manufacturers, and
losses are made good by the Government. It is generally
believed that, unless a protective tariff be imposed, the
newly organized British dye industry will have little chance
for existence against the state-aided German industry.

The last half-yearly report of the Typographical Asso¬
ciation reports a decrease in membership of 276 during the
previous half-year. Most of this number is due to the
war, 181 being recorded as killed or as having died from
wounds. The balance is accounted for by lack of new
members, there being few apprentices as well as few
young journeymen joining the association. The executive
council has been busy with the relaxation of rules, and
has been successful in staving off the introduction of the
female compositor and pressminder. Considering the fact
that the Typographical Association has one-fourth of its
membership serving with the forces, and the consequent
loss of 6,329 weekly dues payments, the report is pro¬
nounced a satisfactory one.

GERMANY.

Owing to the shortage of gold, there is a prohibition
of the use of gold-leaf for bookbinding purposes, and the
majority of the makers have suspended manufacture.

Judging from statistics in the recently issued edition
for 1917 of the “ Handbook of German Newspapers,” the
newspapers of the country are suffering rather heavily.
The number of dailies has fallen since the previous year
from 3,500 to 2,938, the remainder suspending publication
permanently or for the duration of the war. The daily
circulation of the papers seems to be maintained. Fifty-
five dailies have a circulation up to 500 copies, while there
are others with a circulation of over a quarter of a mil¬

lion. The low prices of German dailies appear to be kept
up. There are only 805 the subscription price of which
exceeds 2 marks (50 cents) per quarter, while 1,366 charge
IV2 marks and less per quarter. The majority of the
dailies (1,450) call themselves non-party papers, 479 are
Conservative, 400 are Centrist (Catholic), 216 belong to
the National Liberals, 277 are Radical and 70 are Socialist.

ITALY.

To save paper, the Government decrees that office and
writing papers are to be sold in single sheets only, legal
papers excluded; and posters larger than 12 inches square
and all handbills and circulars are prohibited. Official
publications are to be suspended or reduced wherever pos¬
sible. Magazines and reviews are to be reduced to one-
fourth the size in use before June, 1915. Waste paper
collected by the Red Cross Society has been put at the
disposal of the Government, and 1,000 tons a month are
turned over to the mills for remanufacture into news¬
print paper. A manufacturer recently wrote: “ For over
two months not a pound of cellulose has arrived in Italy,
and everything indicates that none will arrive for a long
time to come. The only actual supplier of cellulose and
mechanical pulp on our continent is Scandinavia, and the
only quotations obtainable are f. o. b. shipping point.
Shipment of pulp on contracts made some time ago are
no longer being made from these ports. The few steamers
that left before the blockade took refuge in other ports,
and all things indicate that they are not willing to con¬
tinue their journey. For this reason it is impossible for
our country to obtain cellulose now or in the future.”

RUSSIA.

As A result of the political changes in this country,
authorities on paper believe that the pulp and paper indus¬
tries in Finland will shortly enter a new era of prosperity.

If we are to believe the somewhat fragmentary press
dispatches, union printers had no little influence in the
revolution in Russia. It is said that the night after the
first outbreak all the newspaper printers quit work, so
that the capital was without newspapers. This stopped
the avenues of communication for the Government and
made the dethronement of the Czar possible.

AUSTRALIA.

In South Australia a proposal has been put forward
for the putting up of a mill to make paper and cardboard
from cereal straw, large quantities of which are obtainable
in that state, but are at present burned by the farmers.
The Imperial Institute has supplied information about a
new process for the production of paper from straw, to¬
gether with samples of paper produced by it, and the cost
of the plant required.

SPAIN.

A royal order prohibits the exportation of all kinds
of paper and board, with the exception of hand-made
paper, paper cut into sheets for envelopes and writing-
paper, cardboard shaped into boxes and other articles,
straw packing paper and cigarette paper. The export
embargo includes paper clippings, waste paper, rags, etc.

NORWAY.

The Tidens Tegn, one of the principal papers of this
country, states that the expenditures for news-paper were:
In 1914, $50,000; in 1915, $75,000, and in 1916, $110,000.
The estimate for 1917 is $225,000.

SWEDEN.

The newspapers of this country have brought about
an arrangement by which $60.75 per ton is to be paid for
news-paper as a maximum price.

THE INLAND PRINTER

Written for The Inland Printer

PRINTING AND THE FOURTH LUTHERAN
CENTENNIAL.

BY HENRY LEWIS BULLEN.

T was in 1517 that Martin Luther, on Octo¬
ber 13, nailed to the door of the church in
Wittenberg the famous ninety-five theses
denouncing the sale of indulgences. From
this event the Reformation is dated, and
this year in many Protestant communities
throughout the world its fourth centenary
will be celebrated. Printers are entitled
to share in whatever glory attaches to the spread of
Luther’s idea. Some weeks ago a member of the com¬
mittee which is arranging the celebrations in America
visited the Typographic Library and Museum in Jersey

Johannes Lufit.

City to obtain such data as it might have “ relating to
the influence of Lutheranism on Printing.” The gen¬
tleman was informed that his search should be for
information “ relating to the influence of Printing on
Lutheranism.” Undoubtedly the rapid spread of Luther’s
ideas was due to the then new art of printing. There
were reformers and protestants before Luther, such, for
instance, as John Huss (1370-1415) and John Wyclif
(1320-1384), men as ardent and as conscientious, whose
efforts had a local and limited influence because there
were no printers to aid them. Next then, we say, to
Luther himself was the printer who with little less peril
printed Luther’s theses and the first editions of his numer¬
ous works, including his translation of the Scriptures.
Quite apart from theological considerations, Luther’s
Bible, the first in the German language, was an event
of great importance to the German people. It had great
literary merit. Before it was put in the hands of the
politically divided and oft-warring tribes of Germans,
there was no standard of language in Germany. There
were many jargons and dialects. A recognized authority,
writing in 1860, said that “ Luther’s Bible created for the
German people the unified language which for centuries
has been the single bond of the politically rent and divided
tribes.” The printer of this great work and other early
works of Luther was Johannes Lufft, of Wittenberg,
whose portrait we have found in a collection of one hun¬
dred and fifty full-page folio copperplate portraits of
printers, printed, in three parts, in Nuremberg in . the

years 1726 to 1742. This collection, “ leones Bibliopo-
larum et Typographorum,” issued by Frederic Roth-
Scholtz, is very rare. The only copy in America is in
the Typographic Library and Museum. In Bigmore and
Wyman’s Bibliography this collection is stated to be “ an
excessively interesting volume, which it is to be hoped
will at some future time be reproduced for the benefit
of typographic students who are not able to acquire so
costly a collection.” Probably the portrait of Johannes
Lufft therein is the only one in America, but now, thanks
to Roth-Scholtz, whose admiration of the power of print¬
ing induced him to a great expenditure, we are able to
exhibit to the readers of The Inland Printer the por¬
trait of the owner of the great typographic engine of the
Reformation. Lufft, not unlike the embattled farmers at
Concord bridge, fired the gun (with Luther’s powder)
that has since then, more than any other, determined the
conduct of men and the policy of nations. Printing is
indeed the supreme engine of progress, and no great thing
is done without its aid.

The good effects in a literary sense of Luther’s Bible
were paralleled by the so-called King James version of
the Bible used by English-speaking people. That also
standardized a language theretofore lax in rules and prac¬
tice. We mention this for the purpose of showing those
persons who look upon printers as mere “ hewers of wood
and drawers of water ” for authors and publishers, that
the standardization of the German and English languages
depended upon the circulation of the standard among all
the people. The work of Luther and the translation of
the commonly used English version would have been just
as scholarly and sublime if they had been embodied in a
few hand-written copies. Their work would have been as
water held in the clouds, if Printing had not afforded the
means of releasing it in beneficent rain showers to fruc¬
tify millions of minds. All these translators, let us
remember, received their learning from books made by
printers. So true it is that our art holds the keys of
learning, incomprehensible as that fact remains to those
of us who rate printing with merely mechanical occupa¬
tions. Lift up your heads, ye printers!

LAST CHANCE TO PAY.

Here is an editor who admits that he expects to have to
spend eternity in the same place where delinquent sub¬
scribers go. Hear him : “ Some one has got it all doped
out that this world is going to end next Sunday; don’t
make a mistake now, next Sunday. He got all of his fig¬
ures out of the Bible, so it is all true. In the meantime
we want to advise any one who owes this paper anything
to hustle around by Saturday at farthest and settle up, if
such person wants to make his calling and election sure.
Of course, if you wake up Monday and find you are still
alive, you will have the satisfaction of knowing that you
don’t owe the paper a cent. Besides, we don’t want to spoil
the pleasures of the next world by meeting any delinquent
subscribers in it. We don’t want to make it embarrassing
for them.”- — The Publishers’ Auxiliary.

It pays to take care of all the accessories in the
printing-plant — even the sponge. To prevent this use¬
ful adjunct from becoming slimy and “ dead,” give it a
bath once in a while in soapy water. After thoroughly
forcing the water through the sponge several times, rinse
it in clear water and let it dry over night. The sponge
will be greatly rejuvenated by this treatment and will give
much better service as a result. — R. E. Haynes.

THE INLAND PRINTER

PRESSROOM

The assistance of pressmen is desired in the solution of the problems of the pressroom in an endeavor to reduce the various

processes to an exact science.

Hand Bronzing Dangerous to Health.

(1887) A correspondent inquires if, on a long run,
hand bronzing is dangerous to the health of the bronzers.

Answer. — On several occasions we have referred to
the danger of hand bronzing unless provisions were made
to prevent the inhalation of the metallic dust. This can
be done by providing respirators for those directly engaged
in the work. The respirators are fastened over the mouth
and nostrils with an elastic band passed behind the head.
The device contains a pad of gauze which effectually pre¬
vents any of the fine metal particles reaching the throat
or air passages. They are quite inexpensive. They may
be procured through any wholesale drug house. In addi¬
tion to the danger from inhalation of the metal, it is
advisable to warn bronzers not to handle food unless the
hands have first been washed.

The Care of Composition Rollers.

(1886) R. Dollahite, of Rockspring, Texas, makes the
following suggestions regarding the care of composition
rollers: “As all printers know, the condition of the press
rollers is one of the most important points in the pro¬
duction of good printing. It took us a long time to learn
just how to care for composition rollers. We first learned
to wash them with gasoline. This proved a failure. Then
we began running the rollers in lubricating oil when we
would stop the press at quitting time. It took us several
years to learn that this plan is also a failure, because the
ink will dry under the oil. So far, the only way we know
of that is a success is to take the rollers out of the press
at quitting time. Then we put lubricating oil on an old
rag and rub every particle of ink off the rollers. At the
same time we make the ink on the disk thinner by the
addition of lubricating oil and rub it off with a rag. You
will find this way of caring for rollers more trouble than
the others, but it pays to practice it when doing high-grade
printing.”

What Is a “Biscuit” Overlay?

(1885) An Iowa publisher writes that he would like
the formula for the “ biscuit ” overlay. On making fur¬
ther inquiries, he describes the overlay as follows : “ This

overlay is made on heavy paper, and is red in color. It
looks as though an impression had been taken with heavy
ink, offset on back side, and then sprinkled on both sides
with flour or something of that sort. It appears to have
been baked.”

Answer. — We think the description identifies it to be
the ordinary flour overlay. The following description was
published several years ago: “ Distribute some bookbind¬
ers’ black upon your job-press, but do not reduce it. Set
the guides and take several impressions of your half-tone
plate on onion-skin, French folio, or some other smooth,
thin paper. Spread some ordinary flour smoothly upon a

board and lay the printed sheets face down upon it. Shake
off the surplus flour and feed through the press again to
the same guides, placing a sheet of paper over the print
to prevent the flour adhering to the cut. Then lay the
floured sheets upon a warm stove lid or other similar place
to dry and bake the ink. Next, with your knife scrape
away the flour from the high lights, after which coat each
sheet with diluted mucilage. When dry, place in register
upon your tympan, using one, two or three of the floured
sheets, as the results require.”

More About the Working Loose of Tympan Bales.

Judging from the number of replies received, there
must be a great many causes for the working loose of
tympan bales on platen presses. The following additional
letters have been received: Michael Carrigan, Madison,
New Jersey, writes: “ In the matter relating to the work¬
ing loose of tympan bales, I would advise the pressman
to have his forms locked considerably below the center
of the chase, especially those which require a heavy im¬
pression. This will tend to keep the platen and bed firmly
locked during the impression — it will prevent the tilting
of the platen and the consequent drawing of the tympan
from beneath the lower tympan bale, as is often the case
when working heavy forms locked in the center of the
chase (perpendicularly) on presses of the clam-shell type.
This is sometimes due to the worn condition of the platen-
lock (under feed-board), which fails to hold the platen in
parallel alignment with the bed when the form is heavy
and is not placed below the center of the chase.” Joseph
M. Hibacek, St. Louis, Missouri, suggests that the press¬
man use more stretch sheets over his tympan so that the
bales fit tighter. Also to see that his grippers do not
touch too early on the upper end, as this will tend to draw
upward on the top sheet. Charles R. Hager, Easton,
Pennsylvania, offers the following suggestions regarding
tympan bales: “I have noticed that when the tympan
bales work loose it is usually because they are not prop¬
erly adjusted to the platen, being sprung out of shape.
If they are removed and squared up at the corners and
the curve taken out in the center it will invariably remedy
the trouble.” The Model Printing Company, Glenside,
Pennsylvania, suggests that “ the pressman may over¬
come the rising of the tympan bales by drilling a hole
through each bale from the side about one-half inch from
top and bottom edge of platen. Make the hole in the bale
large enough for the shoulder of the screw and drill and
tap the holes in the side of the platen to correspond. This
plan is effectively used by the Miller Saw-Trimmer Com¬
pany on the presses using their self-feeding devices. This
is a certain remedy for this trouble.” A Mobile, Ala¬
bama, pressman writes: “ In regard to article 1877, I will
offer a suggestion as to the cause of tympan on a 10 by 15

THE INLAND PRINTER

platen press coming- up from bottom tympan bale. I think
that the bale is sprung-, and, if so, would suggest that it
be taken off and bent so it will hold the tympan tight all
the way across. If this doesn’t help, attach a strip of
emery cloth with fish-glue around the bale, or put a few
nicks on the inside of bale with a center punch.” Alvin
Ernest Mowrey, Franklin, Pennsylvania, suggests the fol¬
lowing: “ To the New Jersey pressman who complains
of having trouble with the tympan working loose from the
bottom tympan bale, I suggest that it is very likely due
to the bale being spread or bent outward in the middle.
It is a simple matter to remove the bale and have it
straightened. The point of contact between the bale and
tympan should not be tighter on the ends than in the mid¬
dle. If anything, the middle can stand being a little more
snug, because the middle is where the bale has a tendency
to spring outward.”

Slurring on News and Job Forms.

(1884) A Canadian publisher submits a copy of his
newspaper and specimens of railroad blanks. All of the
samples show slurring at one point or another. He writes
as follows: “ I am having considerable difficulty with

slurring, and submit specimens printed on a — - press,

six-column quarto, on which we also print our paper. Real¬
izing that slurring is frequently caused by a loose tympan,
I have been particularly careful to have it perfectly tight,
and have renewed it, with no appreciable difference. You
will notice the same peculiarity in all specimens, that the
slurring is in the center of the type-matter. In Form 26,
a heavy impression, almost amounting to embossing, elim¬
inated the slur to some extent, but it was, of course, impos¬
sible to run the job that way. Notice the difference between
exhibits one and two of that form. We print numerous
forms for the railroad, often running into the tens of thou¬
sands, and it is causing some anxiety, as the purchasing
agent is particular with the work. Everything that I can
think of to solve this problem has been tried without suc¬
cess, and I would be very grateful if you can clear up the
difficulty. Am enclosing a proof of our paper, turned
through the same press by hand, on which you will notice
that the edge opposite to the feed edge is slurred. When
turning through a proof, just before the paper completes
its journey, and as the delivery grippers are about to grab
the sheet, it seems to be under a great strain. This is not
noticeable when power is on, and the slur to a great extent
disappears. What are the cause and remedy? Is a rubber
blanket the correct foundation for a tympan on a press of
this type? If not, what is? Should the impression screws
be adjusted in order to alter the tympan for different kinds
of work? It seems to me that this type of press does not
lend itself to a quick change of tympan when altering
from newspaper to job work, other than by altering the
screws.”

Answer. — The slurring is probably caused by lack of
close contact between the cylinder and bed bearers. As
the press is used for both newspaper and job work, we
believe you can improve the printing of the paper and the
railroad blanks by not using a rubber blanket as a base
for your tympan. Also, when you have the right amount
of tympan on your cylinder you should not alter the im¬
pression screws. Keep the cylinder down tight on the bed
bearers so there can be no slipping, and you will at once
prevent slurring. Your tympan may be made up as fol¬
lows: (1) base sheet of hard packing-board; (2) cover
pressboard with a piece of unbleached muslin, drawn tight;
(8) cover the fabric with a sheet of hard manila, oiled on
both sides; (4) a number of sheets of news-print; (5) a

sheet of hard, smooth manila. You will note that No. 4 is
an uncertain amount of news-print paper. The right
amount will be sufficient to bring the packing up even with
the cylinder-bearers. Lay a column-rule across the tym¬
pan and bearers to determine the amount needed. When
you have the right amount on, and also the top sheet of
manila, place a newspaper form on the press and a strip
of thin paper on each bed-bearer, which must be free from
oil. Turn the press until the cylinder is on the impression
in the center of the page; be certain it is not in white
space between pages. Try drawing out the narrow strips
on cylinder bearers. If you find that the strips can be
drawn out, turn the press off the impression and turn down
the impression screws on both sides. Repeat the former
test, bringing the cylinder around again on the impression
and drawing out strips of paper. When you finally have
the impression so that the strips will not draw out, you
have the proper contact between cylinder and bed bearers.
Pull an impression on paper and observe the way it prints.
If it is not clear enough, the addition of one or two sheets
more of print-paper will make it print better. You should
avoid changing the impression screws thereafter. When
more or less impression is desired, add or take away the
sheets of print-paper under the top sheet. The railroad
blanks may be printed without undue slurring by using a
few sheets of book or flat paper or a few sheets of hard
manila under the top sheet, and by removing a corre¬
sponding number of soft news sheets. The hard packing
can be secured from your paper-dealer. If you can not
secure the hard packing, use a tympan of hard manila
covered with muslin, and about six or eight news sheets
and a top sheet of hard manila.

An “Inland Printer” Enthusiast

Elmer Arthur Peterson, Jr., seven-months-old son of Elmer A. Peterson,
assistant to manager of circulation and book departments
of The Inland Printer.

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THE INLAND PRINTER

UY S. H. IIORGAN.

Queries regarding process engraving, and suggestions and experiences of engravers and printers, are solicited for this department. Our technical
research laboratory is prepared to investigate and report on matters submitted. For terms for this service address The Inland Printer Company.

Keep Chemicals Under Lock and Key.

Not only because chemicals have become so costly, but
for sanitary and any number of reasons, processworkers’
chemicals should be kept in a dark closet in a cool, dry
place, and locked up. There is much evaporation and
waste in permitting chemicals to be kept promiscuously
on the top shelf of a hot darkroom. Ether, ammonia,
alcohol and other volatile liquids should be on the floor
in a cool place. It is a good plan to dip corks in melted
paraffin before restoring them to bottles so as to make
them air-tight. Our women folk, in the sealing and keep¬
ing of preserve jars, can give us pointers on the keeping
of chemicals.

Ectypography.

J. P. Murray, San Francisco, writes : “ I have a cus¬
tomer whom I want to favor with little jobs entirely out
of my line. He wants certain names set in a bold gothic
type, transferred to zinc and etched so that the letters are
raised. Can this be done? ”

Answer. — This is one of the oldest of relief-engraving
processes. It is called “ Ectypography,” with the accent
on the “ pog.” The method is simply to take impressions
from your type in a good lithographic-transfer ink on
thin lithographic-transfer paper. Have a perfectly clean
sheet of zinc ready and transfer the ink to the zinc, dust
the transferred letters immediately with powdered resin,
asphalt or dragon’s-blood powder. Heat the zinc until
the ink melts and absorbs the powder, then all that is
necessary is to etch the zinc until the letters are in relief.
All of which appears simple, but you had better get a
photoengraver to assist you or you will fail to get results.

Saving lodin and Other Chemicals.

“Employer,” New York, asks: “Next to nitrate of
silver, the most expensive chemicals we have are iodin,
iodid of potassium and cyanid. All three of these are
used in what my photographers call ‘ cutting solution.’
When I have seen them use it they seem to have no care
as to how much they use, for they let much of it run away
in the sink. Is there not some way to conserve these
expensive chemicals?”

Answer. — In this department for August, 1906, page
719, an inexpensive “ cutting solution,” or reducer, as it
should be called, was described. It is too long to reprint
here, but it will be copied and mailed for $1. The trouble
is that photoengravers make up this expensive reducer
without regard to proper proportions, and consequently
there is much waste. This same reducer is used by the
makers of bromid enlargements and one of them gives
this advice in The British Journal of Photography as to
preparing the solution most economically: To make up
one ounce of a 10 per cent solution of iodin, weigh 45

grains of iodin on a watch crystal, in the scales, as iodin
will attack anything but glass. Weigh out 60 grains of
potassium iodid, put it in a glass mortar or graduate and
pour half a dram of water over it; stir with a glass rod
until nearly all the iodid is dissolved, then add the iodin
and stir. The iodin crystals should dissolve immediately.
If they do not, stir and then add water drop by drop until
they do. Once the iodin is dissolved, water can then be
added without danger of precipitating the iodin. Now
this is the stock solution of iodin made with the least
quantity possible of potassium iodid. A saturated solu¬
tion potassium cyanid can also be kept on hand so that
by mixing small quantities of both and diluting, the reduc¬
ing solution can be made. The latter can be conserved
by a careful operator or wasted by a careless one.

Preserving Sensitized Metal Plates.

R. de Barrios, New Orleans, writes: “ I want to know
if there is any way of sensitizing metal plates with bi-
chromatized glue at night, for instance, so they can be
printed upon the following day. I have tried it and find
that metal plates if sensitized for only twelve hours will
either not develop at all or develop with a thick scum. I
want this information for a special purpose, and if I suc¬
ceed in what I am doing will let you know about it for
publication in your valuable paper.”

Answer. — The writer experimented on the preserva¬
tion of bichromatized gelatin films and succeeded in pre¬
serving photolithographic paper for a few days, but it is
so long ago he has forgotten just how he did it. These
can be taken as facts to begin with : Heat, humidity and
an excess of bichromate will bring on insolubility of the
glue without the action of light, so that to preserve sen¬
sitized metal plates the least amount of bichromate should
be used and the plates should be kept in a cool place away
from moisture. An air tight box in which dried calcium
chlorid would be kept with the sensitized plates should
preserve them for a time. Or, blotters saturated with
calcium chlorid or ammonium carbonate and then dried
in an oven could be used to pack between the sensitized
metal plates when storing them in a dry, dark room.
These are suggestions for the direction in which experi¬
menting might be begun in the matter.

Rotary Photogravure or Offset for Newspapers.

“ Publisher,” Chicago, appeals to The Inland Printer
to help him out. He has been importuned by different
solicitors as to the merits of both “ gravure ” and offset
supplements and he has also tried to keep track of the
progress made by those two methods himself, but he can
not decide the question. He wants to adopt the method
that promises reliability, and gives the better results

THE INLAND PRINTER

through economy in the paper cost, and production must
also be considered. In other words, which method prom¬
ises to be the one possessing the greater advantages for
newspaper supplements?

Answer. — The proper reply to this question is of inter¬
est not only to newspaper publishers but to the workmen
who are undecided as to whether photogravure or offset
promises the better future for them, and it might be said
that both methods depend largely on the skill of the work¬
men, and the reason they have not progressed faster is
due largely to the lack of skilled workmen. The Inland
Printer, in December, 1908, printed the first article on
photogravure and has told of its progress ever since. Off¬
set printing has also been followed from its inception. In
fact, covers have been printed in that way for several
months to exhibit offset printing at its best. This depart¬
ment has held that offset printing is a chemical process
due to the repulsion of water for grease. Rotary photo¬
gravure is a mechanical printing method and will con¬
sequently be more reliable than offset printing. It has
also been held by this department that only cheap news
print paper is required for rotary photogravure. All of
which has been borne out by the New York Times experi¬
ences. They put in offset presses nearly two years ago,
but failed to get results. They have now tried printing
rotary photogravure on news print for their Sunday mag¬
azine supplements and it is a great success. There is a
new web perfecting offset press being built that may give
even better results, so it is too early to give a decision.

Replies to a Few Queries.

“Etcher,” Atlanta: You can not get fish-glue in dry
form. The article your dealer sold you as fish-glue is
most likely isinglass, which will not make as good an
enamel as fish-glue, which comes liquid like molasses.

E. J. P., Camden, New Jersey: You spelled it “ Ben¬
zene ” on your order and the chemical supply house sent
you “ benzol,” which is, of course, more expensive than
“ benzine.” It is benzine you need to dissolve rubber gum.

Joseph Cullen, Philadelphia: As you can not get
potassium cyanid, use sodium cyanid — and if that is out
of reach you can use a strong solution of hypo to fix your
negatives.

“Lantern,” Pawtucket, Rhode Island: Sorry I can
not direct you to where you can get a cheap bromide paper
for enlargements. The best is usually the cheapest.

“ Lichtdruck,” Hoboken, New Jersey: You can work
the collotype process best in this country west of the Alle-
ghanies. You require a regular amount of moisture in the
workrooms, as registered by hygrometers, and this can be
maintained anywhere as is now done in tobacco store¬
houses and woolen mills.

“ Publisher,” Boston: Write to The Typolith Company,
Battle Creek, Michigan, and that firm will tell you just
how the half-tone on antique stock was printed tha't you
saw in these pages.

American Institute of Graphic Arts Program.

The American Institute of Graphic Arts, with head¬
quarters in the National Arts Club, New York city, has,
under the presidency of Arthur S. Allen, decided for the
coming season to give one of the directors charge of each
lecture meeting. The chairmen and the subjects discussed
for the coming seven months will be as follows:

October, J. Thomson Willing, chairman, “ Lithography
and Its Present Developments”; November, Fred W.
Goudy, chairman, “Type-Faces”; December, J. Thomson
Willing, chairman, “Book Making — Illustrating”; Jan¬
uary, Edward B. Edwards, chairman, “ Design”; Febru¬

ary, Ray Greenleaf, chairman, “Poster Art”; March,
William E. Rudge, chairman, “Photography”; April,
Hal Marchbanks, chairman, “ Catalogues and Booklets.”

Stripping and Reversing Negative Films.

From the Eastman Kodak Company, of New Jersey,
comes a booklet advertising some of their products under
the title “ Collodion,” etc. In the letter accompanying the
booklet they request that their service department, where
they teach “ practical short cuts ” through operations, be
mentioned. Here is one of their “ short cuts ” for strip¬
ping a negative, taken from the booklet:

After a negative is dry, coated with a rubber film and
then with stripping collodion and soaked in acetic acid
until the film begins to lift, the booklet’s instructions are :

“ Remove the plate from the bath and lay over it a
piece of thin paper and bring into contact with rubber
roller or other squeegee. Lift one corner of the paper and
with it a corner of the film, which may be started with the
point of a pocket-knife, and the paper and film drawn off
together. For reversing, the film is now transferred to
another piece of paper, the paper and film trimmed with a
scissors and then laid on the glass, preferably moistened
with gum water.”

In a regular engraving plant, should they use paper,
they would see that it was so wet that all the stretch was
given it before laying it on a negative film. But then,
they would not use paper at all or scissors to trim films.
The trimming is done when the negative is cut around
with the point of a penknife before it is put in the acetic
acid bath. They have in use a “ practical short cut ”
which is to strip and turn the film without paper over to
its glass support.

Why Not the Metric System Now?

Alvaro de Betancourt, Santiago, Chile, writes : “ Please
permit me to suggest to your esteemed publication that it
would be conducive to better business relations with our
country if you would adopt the metric system for weights
and measurements. We measure everything in that way,
as do the nations we have been doing business with before
the war, and we prefer to do business with firms that use
the metric system in their catalogues, and in the measure¬
ments of their machinery and all goods.”

Answer. — Engravers are most anxious for the adop¬
tion of the metric system in place of the present English
system. Here is an example of the confusion we are at
present suffering from: An ounce of metallic silver
weighs 480 grains, while an ounce of silver nitrate weighs
but 437% grains. Solid chemicals are purchased by avoir¬
dupois weight, while formulas call for apothecaries’
weight, which is quite different. In avoirdupois weight a
pound is 16 ounces, or 4,000 grains, while in apothecaries’
weight it is 12 ounces, or 5,760 grains. A photoengraver
buys negative cotton in one-ounce boxes, containing 437%
grains, while his formula calls for 480 grains. Our weights
and measures are said to be the same as those used in
Great Britain, and still there are many differences, as for
example: The British pint is 20 ounces while the U. S.
pint is 16 ounces. The American plants manufacturing
munitions and equipment for European governments are
now using metric measurements and it is likely they will
so continue. Our own Thomas Jefferson, when he was
Secretary of State, formulated a decimal system of weights
and measures which he embodied in a report to our gov¬
ernment. This report was made May 20, 1790. The metric
system was adopted in France nine years later and was
legalized in this country in 1866, just after our Civil War.
The present war may bring about its general adoption.

THE INLAND PRINTER

PRINTERS’ MARKS IN ARCHITECTURE.

When one approaches Albany, New York State’s cap¬
ital, from the south, attention is attracted to a stately
building of Gothic architecture at the Hudson River water
front. It is the new home of the Albany Journal.

A conspicuous feature of the facade of the building is
the intelligent use of printers’ emblems in panels above

Francois Regnault, 1481.

the windows of the second story. They give a distinctive
character to the building and establish it at once as a
home of the printing art.

There are twelve of these panels. Six of the printers’
marks least known are reproduced here to show how boldly

Johann Gruninger, 1494.

they are cut in the stone and how the architect has made
them conform in composition to the spaces they were in¬
tended to fill.

To describe them in chronological order, there is the

Lucantonio Guinta, 1495.

one of 1481, of Francois Regnault, a famous French
printer. He used the elephant as his emblem, which sug¬
gests, in passing, that if the Albany Journal adopts an

emblem the Republican elephant should be a conspicuous
figure in it.

In 1494 Johann Gruninger adopted his emblem. He
was the first to use the word America in type. He estab-

Valentin Fernandez, 1501.

lished his printing-house at Strasburg, and his was the
first printers’ mark used there.

The date on Lucantonio Guinta’s emblem, a fleur-de-
lis, is 1495. He established a printing-house at Florence

Jehan Petit, 1520.

and one at Venice, the business being continued from 1480
to 1598.

In 1501 Valentin Fernandez adopted the printer’s mark
shown in the panel at the top of this column. He was the

Louis Elzivir, 1595.

first printer of Lisbon. His lion has a foliated tail and is
sticking his tongue out as if defiant of competition.

Jehan Petit made use of the emblem shown in 1520.
He was the founder of the family of French printers and
publishers which continued its prosperous existence for
336 years.

The date of the mark selected from the many varia¬
tions of the emblems used by the founder of the famous

THE INLAND PRINTER

house of Louis Elzivir is 1595. The Flemish printing-
house of the Elzivirs continued from 1583 to 1680.

The other printers’ marks include, of course, Fust and
Schoeffer, taken from the Psalmorum Codex-Mainz. This
was the first book to bear a printer’s mark, and is dated
1457.

Aldus Manutius, of 1502, is represented by his beauti¬
ful device of a dolphin twisted around an anchor, which
he first used in an edition of Dante.

William Caxton, the first English printer, who estab¬
lished his printing-house at Westminster, and used an
emblem for the first time in 1487, is also represented.

Christophe Plantin is represented with one of the em¬
blems he used in 1557. His printing-house was doing busi¬
ness in Antwerp until the last half of the nineteenth
century, when it was given to the city as a museum of
printing.

Other marks used are those of Sanctus Albanus, an
English printer located at St. Albans. In 1480 he pub¬
lished the third book printed in English.

Spain is represented by the mark of Juan Rosenbach,
who established himself in Barcelona as early as 1493 and
continued his labors in other cities of Spain.

Written for The Inland Printer.

SYSTEM IN THE PROOFROOM.

BY MAE FAIRFIELD.

N publishing houses, a great many of the
seemingly trivial mistakes ■ — but mistakes
which have caused much misunderstanding
between customer and printer — result
from lack of system, or from carelessness,
in the proofroom. Loss of copy or cus¬
tomer’s proof, not knowing what has or
has not been checked for the press or foun¬
dry, just which is the final O. K., which copy “ goes ” in
cases of doubt, etc., are a few of the stumbling-blocks in
the way of the proofreader, and, as a proofreader is
known only by his mistakes, I would advise and urge
upon each one in charge of a proofroom to establish some
system — crude though it may be - — for his own and
others’ guidance.

Upon taking one position, I found that first one reader,
then another, had come and gone with the stigma of
“ incompetency ” following him, when I could readily see
that he had only been the victim of a lack of system.
Sometimes three or four customer’s 0. K.’s on the same
job were in the ticket, not dated, and it would have taken
the proverbial Philadelphia lawyer to tell which one would
be safe to check press sheets by. And I don’t think this
is an unusual case.

I was fortunate in having for copyholder at this time
a woman with a mature mind, one who knew the value of
system, and who was willing to cooperate with me in
bringing about a change for the better. The following is
our way of getting results, and this experience may be
of value to others.

When “ copy ” comes in, it is, of course, numbered
consecutively, either by the customer or in the front office,
but I shall only deal with it after it enters the proofroom.

We had blank “ dummies ” made of 8, 12, 16, 24, 32,
48 and 64 pages each. These were kept in the proofroom
and on all “ small work ” — this is a job-office — the copy
as it came from machines was pasted in, with name of
customer, number of job and date on the outside. Of
course, in bookwork this is not always advisable, but

the copy is always carefully clipped together before read¬
ing. If pages are found missing, they are looked up before
the job is started. The copyholders are then required to
initial every page as it is read and are held responsible
for the continuity of the copy.

In this shape, the dummy is given to the printer to
set all headings, and as this is all done by one man, his
having copy properly paged and in book form enables
him to easily tell which are main and which subheadings.
Then, too, every person employed on the job has the ticket
number and customer’s name on his copy, so that there
is eliminated the time it usually takes the make-up to
get started on the job.

In reading galleys, the reader or reviser puts date at
upper right-hand corner of each galley. The copyholder
signs each page of copy with initial as she reads. By
this method, everybody concerned knows by a look at
either proof or copy just what has and has not been read,
and is governed accordingly.

When proofs of a booklet, unless it is to be sent out in
color, go to a customer, they are either pasted in a dummy
or sent out in galley form. If the dummy is used, the
second, third, fourth or fifth proof is pasted over proof
No. 1, so that the customer at all times has access to each
proof he has seen on his job, and can estimate the result
of his alterations, thus eliminating a “ kick ” on the bill
for alterations.

The copyholder continues to sign each page of either
proof or copy she reads with her initial until a job is
read for foundry or press, when she uses a check (\/)
instead of her initial.

In cases of forms that are work-and-turn, work-and-
back, or to be inserted, or which, for any reason, skip
about instead of running consecutively, the reader can
always tell just what forms or pages have been printed
by looking at the dummy — whether for color or black —
and by the absence of this check just what remains to be
printed. This precludes the possibility of getting wrong
pages into forms.

When the proof is returned by customer O. K.’d, it is
kept in proofroom in pigeonholes until checked for press,
when it is carefully wrapped, dated and filed away.

The pasting into dummies is easily and cheaply done
by copyholders or boys, and is then ready for everybody’s
reference who has to handle that particular piece of work
— a further help in the avoidance of errors.

By the use of this system, simple though it may seem,
not a page of copy has been lost in four years — and this
is a large place. We know at all times just what has
been read, what checked for foundry or press, and what
has been printed. It is a very simple system, and elimi¬
nates waste time for compositor, proofreader, stoneman
and, eventually, of course, the foreman ; and I venture to
say that no one in this particular office would want to
go back to the old hit-or-miss method.

BEN FRANKLIN KNEW THE PRINTING GAME.

Ben Franklin may have been “ Poor Richard,” but he
was also the originator of “ How to Make Money in the
Printing Business.”

After Robert Morris, the financier of the Revolution,
started the Bank of North America, one of the directors
offered a resolution that they issue notes of the denomina¬
tion of one cent, and the director remarked, to further his
resolution, that Mr. Benjamin Franklin had just imported
some paper from London suitable to print the notes. He
admitted later that Franklin suggested the resolution.

THE INLAND PRINTER

BY F. HORACE TEALL.

Questions pertaining to proofreading are solicited and will be promptly answered in this department. Replies can not be made by mail.

A Clumsy Coupling of Points.

A. F., Springfield, Massachusetts, writes: “I have
noticed in dictionaries the use of a dash after a semicolon.
In other cases (many, in fact) no dash is used. Is there
some special significance in this combination? ”

Ayiswer. — Such coupling of points used to be common,
and of course it was done with a distinct purpose. It sur¬
vives in the “ Webster’s New International Dictionary,”
and possibly elsewhere, but that is the only dictionary I
know of that uses it. There the semicolon and dash to¬
gether is used for the same purpose that is served by the
colon alone in the “ Century Dictionary.” Such coupling
is now generally considered unnecessary, if not actually
wrong. It never really served the purpose for which it
was intended as well as that could have been done with¬
out it.

Worcester’s Dictionary.

T. F., New York, asks: “ Can any one explain the pres¬
ent lack of copies of Worcester’s Dictionary in printing-
offices where we are told to use Worcester spelling? I am
one of the many who have been taught that Worcester was
the best authority on spelling, and naturally I spell as I
was taught. I can’t say now, as I would have said in my
school days, that one who spells in another way does not
know how to spell, because that other way is now really
much more common; but I find in this a stumbling-block
that seems to be unnecessarily troublesome. Certainly
many people still insist on spelling according to Worcester.
How can they expect proofreaders to do it without a dic¬
tionary for reference? Of course it is well known what
the main differences in spelling are, but are there not
many peculiarities for which the record is needed? ”

Answer.- — It is not difficult to answer the first of these
questions if we take it merely as requesting information
as to the scarcity of the books. That scarcity arises prin¬
cipally from the fact that the work is, as publishers say,
“ out of print.” Its publishers stopped making it many
years ago, and the time is fast coming when Worcester’s
Dictionary will be among the rare books of former times.
But as to actual explaining of the fact the task is not
nearly so easy. The publishers are themselves among the
persistent users of the so-called Worcester spelling. When
the dictionary had gone so long unrevised that it was badly
behind the time as a record of the language they began to
remake it. But after ten years’ work had been done and
an immense sum of money had been spent, the firm stopped
it, and it never has been resumed. I do not know the exact
reason, of course, but I suspect it was largely because the
editors were revolutionizing the spelling.

The gist of our letter is the problematic position of
proofreaders with reference to this particular style of spell¬
ing. Until a time not long gone everybody knew the com¬

mon distinctions between the two systems of spelling known
as Webster’s and Worcester’s, but since the loss of the
Worcester Dictionary we have had no full printed record
by which to prove correctness of practice. No insurmount¬
able difficulty has resulted, but this has created a condi¬
tion of uncertainty that may be uncomfortable, to say the
least. It is unfair for any one to order printers to spell
according to Worcester without having the copy edited so
carefully that it can be literally followed. For the guid¬
ance of those who have to work from copy that has other
spelling in it we have now only a few lists in books, or
special lists on style-cards in printing-offices. Those for
whom such lists are not provided must simply do the best
they can from their own stored-up knowledge.

Worcester’s fame has outlived his work in a peculiar
way, but probably this is in line with the survival of
notions of all sorts from one age to another. We still have
an occasional instance of reference to Lindley Murray as
a grammatical authority, but many more citations of
Goold Brown, who was considerably later. The lexicog¬
rapher’s experience was much like that of these gramma¬
rians. Their grammars were made because they perceived
clearly that their predecessors had not done the best work
possible, and they were strongly impressed with the idea
that they knew how to teach grammar better than it had
been taught. Each in his day built up a large following,
and even yet retains much of it, Brown a little more than
Murray, largely because he was more recent.

Joseph E. Worcester began his work on dictionaries by
working under Noah Webster, the first maker of an Amer¬
ican dictionary. As Webster was an innovator in spelling,
and immediately became the subject of virulent criticism
therefor, his young American rival, when planning a work
of his own, was drawn to the conservation of the orthog¬
raphy of the language as then in use. Meantime, before
the publication of his large dictionary its rival had secured
a strong hold among the American public, although the
public had not accepted all the changes in spelling. Soon
the American people became almost equally divided in
their adherence to the two systems known as Webster’s
and Worcester’s. It is an interesting and curious fact
that much of Webster’s spelling was discarded in the first
revision of his dictionary, and much more in later editions,
and what now remains of it is frequently called American
spelling, in distinction from British; whereas the spelling
so long called Worcester’s is the British spelling with a
few changes actually introduced by Webster. The orthog¬
raphy of the real Webster’s Dictionary is not now known
by that name, the name being now given to a system that
Webster would have scorned except in a few instances,
but its name being retained merely by reason of the per¬
sistence of the publishers in calling the successive editions
“ Webster’s International ” and “ Webster’s New Inter-

THE INLAND PRINTER

national.” Worcester’s has not had such experience, but
his dictionary has been allowed to die.

It is decidedly unfortunate that we have no longer a
Worcester’s Dictionary, nor even a dictionary with the
Worcester system of spelling. It will not be so unfortu¬
nate for the people of the time when everybody shall have
stopped the reference to that style of spelling' as “ Wor¬
cester’s spelling.”

Written for The Inland Printer.

EDITORS, PROOFREADERS AND OPERATORS.

BY F. HORACE TEALL.

HE three classes of human beings of whom
I have here undertaken to write are, like
all other humans, subdivisible into innum¬
erable smaller categories, based on char¬
acter, temperament, etc. Some editors are
liberal-minded and leave all details to
proofreaders; many of them insist on hav¬
ing their copy followed in every respect,
to the extent even of not adding or removing a comma.
In fact, we have editors of all grades of intellectuality,
and of all possible grades of ability. I speak now of their
ability to decide small details of form in language only.
Editorial work often includes much business responsibility,
which may and does frequently find as its best exponent a
man less than mediocre in literary execution. It is not
uncommon to find truly successful editors who do not know
how to spell, punctuate, or capitalize; and among them
are some of the most arbitrary sticklers for their own way.

Proofreaders are so variously estimated that it is
almost impossible to describe their status adequately. No
one who does subordinate work could be more exposed to
faultfinding, reasonable and unreasonable, than these pro¬
fessional faultfinders. At their highest rating they com¬
bine the most crucial editorial function with that of mere
literal correction, and in their average trade position they
are held to the merest imitation. I have seen the asser¬
tion quoted, as coming from a prominent publishing house,
that no printer’s proofreader was allowed even to query
anything found in copy! Evidently these publishers sup¬
posed their authors and editors made perfect copy, and all
the printer’s proofreader had to do was to correct errors
made by the operators.

Operators are the men we now have almost entirely in
place of the former typesetters. Among them are many
able men, intellectually equipped for all exigencies, some of
whom may become our best proofreaders or editors. But,
while this is true, it is also true that operators are first
and foremost mere mechanics, and among them are inevit¬
ably a large majority who never can hope to be anything
other than mere mechanics.

No attempt at invidious comparison is intended here.
While the three general classes named are necessarily
ranked in the order given as to authority and responsi¬
bility, the lowest rank certainly includes some who are at
least potentially intellectual equals of those who stand
highest; but as long as they remain subordinate they
must obey orders, and not expect to control in any authori¬
tative way.

Here we reach the exact reason for thus differentiating
the various workers. It is done to lead to the question of
style for printers. An operator, having seen something
about word-division which differed from his opinion about
it, wrote that he should continue to divide certain words
in a certain way until that way is regularly established.
He also asserted that operators make the styles in such
matters, evidently meaning that editors do not take the

trouble necessary to assure the correctness of such details.
There is some reason for this view, but not enough to
constitute a basis of safety. The most potent objection
is that it would place authority in incompetent hands.

Punctuation, capitalization, and all the other little de¬
tails are not commonly regulated in writing copy for
printers. Writers can not burden their minds with such
minutias while writing, lest their thought be too much
disturbed, or even destroyed; but they do not place any
reliance for the necessary provision upon the machine
operators. I have no hesitation in averring that the proof¬
reader will always be the special victim of faultfinding,
and seldom the recipient of praise. If there is such a
thing as relative importance among those engaged in the
production of printed matter, it must be awarded accord¬
ing to responsibility.

Many opinions have been expressed on the question of
how our prevailing styles of punctuation, capitalization,
compounding, and division have been evolved. Some of
these opinions are scholarly and reasonable, and many are
not. Strange to say, the least reasonable of all the non¬
sense has come from the men reputed most scholarly.
Some of the silliest stuff ever uttered used to be in the
writings of men who were reputed to be great thinkers
and writers. Among the old-time asininities perpetrated
by our great scholars, none was more asinine than the *
frequent assertion that printers had styles of their own
and insisted that things must be done their way. The man
who pays can always dictate, no matter who the printers
are, though the man best qualified will not always be dic¬
tatorial.

But little profit can ever be had from bickerings as to
the source of authority in such matters. Some one method
is sure to be practically better than any other, even if
people differ in their opinions. One thing, it is sure, they
will not differ about: When they have selected — if they
ever do select — a universal style-card, they will not quar¬
rel over the standing of its maker, if any one person is
its maker, whether he is an operator, a proofreader, or an
author or editor. But, while the thing may be done by
some one never before known for scholarship, it is much
more likely of accomplishment by some known expert.

From those who study language details most inten¬
sively are chosen the men who edit our large dictionaries.
Naturally, therefore, the most authoritative source of
decision on language forms is the dictionary. One of the
least generally settled details is the division of words at
the end of lines. Formerly lexicographers divided words
into syllables only for pronouncing, with no thought of
furnishing a practical typographic guide. But the editors
of Webster’s International Dictionary studied this subject
practically, though, as was inevitable in a first effort,
inadequately, and that dictionary was the first that fur¬
nished a fairly practical guide. The latest so-called Web¬
ster’s, the New International, made many improvements,
but not enough to give an impeccable system.

It remained for the New Standard Dictionary to make
a separate department of the division of words, edited by
a practical printer. He made no pretension of absolute
final accuracy, but there is no possibility of doubt that his
record as given in that book is the best and most workable
yet made.

Nobody can do better than follow the New Standard
absolutely. Nobody can do worse than follow the original
Standard. That would be almost as ridiculous as to
imagine that machine operators could subvert usage by
persistence in error long enough to establish such error
as correct practice.

THE INLAND PRINTER

BY E. M. KEATING.

The experiences of composing-machine operators, machinists and users are solicited, with the object of the widest possible dissemination of

knowledge concerning the best methods of getting results.

Matrix Damaged by Striking Rail of
Line-Delivery Channel.

A Michigan operator submits a thin matrix with its
back lower lug damaged. The nature of the bruise indi¬
cates the injury was received when leaving the assem¬
bling elevator, it being the first character on the left end
of the line. This trouble appears to damage small “ i’s,”
“ Ps ” and “ t’s ” more frequently than other characters,
owing perhaps to the frequency of their position at the
beginning of a line and to their fragile nature. We sug¬
gest that the operator raise his elevator with less force,
which will not cause the matrix on the left end to rise
in the path of the rib on the back plate of line-delivery
channel. Another prevention measure is to keep the long
duplex rail in the assembling elevator in its inward posi¬
tion. There is a swinging device attached to the front
plate of the line-delivery channel which will effectively
prevent such troubles. (See reply to other Michigan
operator.)

How Many Errors Should a Linotype Operator Make?

A Maine publisher writes as follows: “I am much
interested in this question: How many errors should an
average linotype operator make in setting a given amount
of type? I understand that many other conditions enter
into the general question of errors in composition, includ¬
ing speed, size of type being set, the severity of proof¬
reading, etc. Assuming, however, an operator is working
under no particular pressure — at ordinary speed, from
good copy, and with conditions normal — how many errors
will the ordinary operator average? Possibly you can
give me either some figures or your own estimate. Either
would be much appreciated.”

Ansiver. — This question has been asked a number of
times, and our answer has been that one error to one thou¬
sand ems is considered negligible. This answer is given
advisedly, as we have consulted proofreaders and the
opinion seems to prevail that where conditions of copy and
machine are good there need not be more than one error
to a thousand ems. We would like to have the opinion of
operators and proofreaders on the conditions that lead to
the best proofs. Perhaps it may bring about a correction
of some of the evils that beset operators.

Method of Withdrawing Spent Gas from
Linotype Pot Burners.

An Australian linotype machinist desires to know of
an approved method of ventilating machine room.

Answer. — The method employed in some Chicago
plants consists in connecting each machine pot chimney
with a 2% -inch pipe, which in turn is connected to a pipe
of larger diameter. This latter pipe is attached to a fan

driven by an electric motor of suitable size, with the result
that the noxious gases are withdrawn by forced draft.
On a ten-machine plant the large pipe is suspended by
wires from the ceiling. The large end of the pipe con¬
nected to the motor is 10 inches in diameter and it tapers
down to 2% inches, corresponding in size to the pipes
running to each pot chimney. No angle elbows are used
on pipe connections, all such turns in the pipes being
curved to facilitate the draft. The outlet pipe to the outer
air, which passes through the wall from the 18-inch fan,
is 10 inches in diameter. All pipes are of galvanized iron.
The Illinois State Factory Bureau approves the plan out¬
lined above in a general way, as it complies with the state
sanitation laws.

How to Obtain Good Results with Gasoline Burners.

0. T. Foglesong, of Memphis, Missouri, writes: “I
read an article recently on the gasoline burner, and as I
have had quite an experience with one I thought I would
let you know how to handle it. First, keep the burner
clean. Use the best of gasoline, generate with wood alco¬
hol, and watch it closely. I notice a Pennsylvania oper¬
ator has trouble with mouthpiece freezing. The best way
I know to keep the heat right in mouthpiece is to take
the burner off and, with a fine file, file the burner cap
off just a little, on the side that throws the flame in
mouthpiece — that will throw more fire in the mouthpiece,
with the best results. I also made a wire hook and placed
it on the rod that holds the burner in place — one end
on the rod and the other on the burner controlling valve
— and that holds the burner up a trifle higher and works
somewhat better. I want to be sure the air chamber is
set right so air and gasoline mix properly. I set mine
about half way — that is, the hole in air chamber half
way up in burner.”

Matrix Lug Damaged by Contact with Rail of
Line- Delivery Channel.

A Michigan operator submits a matrix with the back
lower lug bruised in a manner that indicates violent con¬
tact with the right end of the line-delivery channel rail.
The accompanying letter reads: “Please examine the
enclosed matrix and tell me if it is damaged in the dis¬
tributor box. I have no distributor stops to speak of.
As it is a month since I wrote you concerning damaged
matrix walls, I wish to say that I have noticed no dif¬
ference in print, but hair-lines do not appear. Am using
‘ Not-a-bur,’ as you advised.”

Answer. — The damaged lug on the matrix which you
sent is not due to distributor trouble. The matrix doubtless
was the first in a line, and on moving to the left, out of the
assembling elevator, the lower back lug struck against

THE INLAND PRINTER

the rail of the delivery channel. You can prevent the
bending of the back lower lugs of “ i ” and “ 1 ” matrices
by keeping the long duplex rail of the assembling elevator
pressed in. When the rail is in this position it will pre¬
vent the rising of the end matrix. If your front delivery
channel-plate is not equipped with a channel-aligning
piece, it would be a good plan to order one. Look up the
catalogue and examine illustration of piece “ No. D-1123.”
As you have not mentioned the model of machine you
operate, we are unable to state which piece you will
require. However, you will be able to tell by examina¬
tion of illustrated catalogue whether or not you have the
attachment. Continue to use “ Not-a-bur ” as directed
and your slugs will not show hair-lines.

Teeth of Matrix are Damaged by Bruised Rails.

A Newfoundland operator submits a matrix with sev¬
eral teeth damaged on the forward side. His letter reads:
“ I am enclosing a lower-case ‘ n ’ matrix which shows
damage on the teeth. The rest of the matrices on this
machine are all right, but the lower-case ‘ n ’ seems to
get damaged in a way I can not account for. The machine
is a Model 5 and has been running close on to ten years.
To all appearances it transfers from first elevator to sec¬
ond, and from second to box bar, all right. There are no
burs on the second elevator or box rails that I can see.
I have ordered a new second-elevator bar and a distrib¬
utor shifter cam-rider, as the distributor shifter seems a
little bit ‘ jumpy ’ in transferring matrices to box bar.
I have also put in a new box bar.”

Answer. — The damaged condition, of the teeth sug¬
gests that the bruises were from damaged rails on either
second-elevator bar or distributor-box bar. It is quite
likely that the distributor-box bar is at fault. We can not
figure that it can occur from any other cause. Examine
carefully the fourth front rail of both bars for bruises, as
the trouble is probably caused by such bruises.

How Much Time Should be Spent in
Caring for a Machine?

A Wisconsin publisher writes: “ We have a Model 8
linotype, operated by one man, who has entire charge
of it. Can you suggest about the proper amount of time
he should spend caring for the machine? It seems to me
his non-productive time is altogether too high. Any in¬
formation will be gladly received.”

Answer. — We believe four hours a week should be
spent in keeping the machine oiled and wiped clean. Be¬
sides this, the spacebands and plunger should be cleaned
daily. The metal need not be skimmed oftener than once
a week. A machine that is not given proper attention
soon causes the operator loss of time, which will be pro¬
portionately greater as the time goes on. To be specific,
spacebands should be cleaned daily. The plunger should
be cleaned every day. The front and back of the mold
should be cleaned daily, and the pot mouthpiece should
be wiped off and the cross vents opened every day. The
vise- jaws should be wiped free of metal dust and scale
every day. This work will probably take twenty minutes.
The general oiling and wiping of the machine and the
occasional oiling of the keyboard cams, and the cleaning
of the rubber rolls, need not be done except at week-end
intervals. The cleaning of the magazine and matrices
will also be an occasional treatment. If the foregoing
points are persistently neglected there will be much time
lost here and there that will ultimately aggregate much
more than four hours a week. On the other hand, if the
operator conscientiously gives attention to all of the de¬

tails enumerated he will have a well-running machine,
giving the minimum of lost time during operation. You
refer to machine care and attention as non-productive.
We call it non-chargeable. While it is true that the time
spent does not produce any actual work, it may be classed
as necessary labor to prevent ultimate loss of time, which,
in the aggregate, is one and the same thing.

Thin Matrices Bend in Distributor Box.

A California operator submits several thin matrices
with characteristic marks caused through being caught
and bent by the distributor screws. The letter reads:
“ I enclose herewith matrices damaged in the distributor.
This trouble occurs with thin matrices, perhaps three or
four times in the course of a night’s work. I have found
that when several small matrices are sent in together, two
thin ones will be lifted at once, with the result that the
lower front lug of one of them is bent. At other times
a thin matrix will be caught by the lifter at the side
instead of the bottom, slipping, as it were, and conse¬
quently not carrying it high enough to clear the top rails
of the box. I tried a new lift, as the one I have seemed
to be worn quite a little above the seat, but the seat itself
is not worn and no more than one thin matrix can be held
on it at a time, but the new lift would not work at all.
When I take the box off and try running thin matrices
through they seem to lift all right, one at a time. The
bar point is not worn, though the rails may be worn a
little, but not enough to let two matrices pass at once
when examining it, or when turning the distributor by
hand. Can you give me directions how to make a test
to determine whether the mouthpiece is true or warped?
Is it best to have the 30-em liner in, and spread the red
lead or ink over top and bottom of back of mold, or have
in a long liner? ”

Answer. — Judging from your statement and the con¬
dition of the lower lugs, we are of the opinion that the
faces of the top rails are worn and it will be necessary
to stretch the bar point to prevent two matrices rising
at one time. To do this, remove the box and take out the
bar. With a hammer and punch stretch the point of the
bar outward. Put the bar in the box, and before putting
the box in the machine place one of the thinnest matrices
and operate the lift so as to raise the matrix. It shoiild
have just room enough to pass the point without inter¬
ference. If it should happen that the point interferes,
dress it off with a fine file so as to permit the thin matrix
to pass freely. After this is done, place the box in the
machine and run in a line of figures. Turn the screws
by hand and observe, as the matrices are lifted, how far
the upper ears clear the top rail. There should be at
least 32-inch clearance. Adjust by screw on lever. When
the figures go through with proper clearance, run in a
line having the thin matrices, such as i, 1, period, comma,
and quotes, observe how the lift picks them up. If the
bar point is properly stretched and the lift is set right
the thin matrices should lift singly and cause no further
trouble. You should order a set of rails, both upper and
lower. To test the pot mouthpiece, proceed as follows:

(1) Draw out mold disk, remove back mold wiper and
scrape back of mold with a sharp piece of brass rule.

(2) Coat the back of the mold uniformly and lightly with
red ink. Then clean off pot mouthpiece. (3) Close vise
after fixing the mold disk back to place. Allow the cams
to make one or two revolutions, then draw disk forward
and examine test on mouthpiece. This transfer of ink
on mouthpiece will show the condition of contact between
the two parts. The contact should be fairly uniform.

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THE SERVICE
PRINTING CT

A FEW

EXAMPLE/ OF
STRIKING AND
EFFECTIVE
TYPOGRAPHIC
DESIGN/
PRODUCED IN
THE PLANT AT
CANTON?

OHIO

INLAND PRINIEIL

CHICAGO

MMMgg

ai»iBIBRBRHIiiaBiBiilB5aBiaiBiiilBHiBaiIiIlIBiliBiSBHllIBlliI!BB8BiiBB'BliIliiBHI^t

THE SERVICE PRINTING C?

not Tuscarawas St., w. ▼ CANTON, OHIO

■

niaiassiiiHi

BEUL PHONE DESIGNERS STATE PHONE

*” PRINTERS 1777

THE

SERVICE

PRINTING

CTNPANV

CANTON

THE

SERVICE PRINTING CS

DESIGNERS ▼ PRINTERS
1206 TUSCARAWAS 5T.,W.
CANTON* OHIO
T

A. SA6ERMAHN

JtGtSMITH * COMPANY

HAHONING ROAD
& WINFIELD WAY

REAL ESTATE

INSURANCE

■ CRYSTAL PARR ■

CANTON, OHIO

laisiBiiaBBiiiiniisi

JtfitSHITH & COMPANY

REAL ESTATE AND INSURANCE
CRYSTAL PARK ▼ CANTON, OHIO

■IBIIIIRIIIIKIIBllflia

ASSOCIATED WITH TNfi CANTON ENGRAVING V EUCTROTTPE Ct

THE DIRECT ADVERTISING SERVICE

CREATIVE LITERATURE THAT TELLS THE
PROSPECT WHERE AHD HOW TO GET
TOUR GOOD/

R.N.STENLER.

CANTON, OHIO

Striking cover-design submitted in recent contest,
by The Service Printing Company, Canton, Ohio.

THE INLANEt PRINTER

JOB COMPOSITION

BY J. L. FRAZIER.

In this department the problems ol job composition will be discussed, and illustrated with numerous examples. These discussions and examples
will be specialized and treated as exhaustively as possible, the examples being criticized on fundamental principles — the basis of all art expres-
sion. By this method the printer will develop his taste and skill, not on mere dogmatic assertion, but on recognized and clearly defined laws.

Advertising Programs.

One of the most vexatious problems the average com¬
positor must face is the treatment of school annuals,
programs, race-meet programs, etc., in which display ad¬
vertising appears. A good example of work along this

plant, is responsible for the ordinarily unsatisfactory
appearance of that kind of work.

Taking up the first cause, we find the compositor or
designer thinking somewhat along this line: “ Now, I
must set these advertisements differently so that each will

LET YOUR NEXT SUIT BE

JI Hart Schaffner & JfCarx

It will prove positively that GOOD
CLOTHING costs less in the end and
you have the satisfaction of correct
Style and Perfect Fit.

LIEBERMAN SMiOS.

Jl/ort/iwedtem &Luto (Ho.

K. A. SUNDAHL, PROP.

At'TiiouiZKn ' "O'l'KKLilXl)” aruxcy

Storage Battery Service Station

Repairing and Accessories

THIEF RIVER FALLS, MINNESOTA

THE KLEANALL

AMHIRSOX * LARSON, Proprietors

DRY CLEANING
AND

STEAM PRESSING

Printing by Electric Light

CROFOOT, NIELSON CO.

BLUE PRINTERS

Blue Printing Rectigraph Photo Prints

Black Punting Mounting and

Blue Line and Supplies

Color Printing

Special service always — Speed and Results
Big floor space and equipment for

180 W. Washington Street CHICAGO

H • F • DUNCAN • Professional Photographer

will supply your wants in photography
in all branches • solicits the patronage
of every one and caters largely to the
Illio and all student trade.

•

Donchaletemtellyadifferunt

DUNCAN • • 614 East Green Street • • CHAMPAIGN

The question has been raised, “ Does variety of type-faces lend dis¬
tinction to display advertising, and does the use of different styles in
every advertisement cause each to stand out apart from the others on a
page? ” The example above seems to refute argument to that effect.

line is rare indeed. An examination of the majority of
such booklets and folders which come to the attention of
this writer shows than an error of assumption on the part
of the compositor or designer, or lack of thorough con¬
sideration on the part of the purchaser of type for the
1-5

On the other hand, this example illustrates the advantages of using
one series in obtaining a harmonious, inviting and readable page. Where
so many type-faces are used as in the example at the left the eye can
not accommodate itself to the swift changes from one form to another.

stand out.” What more logical to such reasoning than the
idea that to obtain distinction many different type-faces
must be used? Good intentions, but poor logic. Contrast
is difference or distinction, but when everything, particu¬
larly every advertisement in a program-booklet, or folder,

THE INLAND PRINTER

is different there is no distinction. If you doubt this, just
take up an advertising program where every advertise¬
ment is set differently — particularly in different sizes and
styles of type — and ask yourself which one stands out
most prominently. You may think one does because it

ferent costumes. Perhaps the brightest color will stand
out, but, before assuming your point is proven if you dis¬
agree with assertions made above, visualize another crowd,
all except one of which are dressed in black, that one in
white. There you have real contrast, real distinction.

The Task of Type in Advertising

Employment of Efficient Typography is as
Important as Good Copy and Art Work

By F. G. Winter

II.

F all type arrangements were planned solely for ease of assimi¬
lation of the advertiser’s message how much greater would be
the return! Unfortunately the typeing of too large a proportion
of printed matter is done under the dictation of the dilettante
who has very decided notions about
typography with little real experi¬
ence. The attempt to secure dis¬
tinction, usually achieves only
uniqueness, which, like charity,
covereth much.

As accessories to crimes typo¬
graphical we have the type-founder,
with the never-ending procession of
new type-faces, and the tyro printer
who buys all these new types, and
foists on his clients poorly conceived
typesetting in the new faces under
the delusion that the novelty of the
face imparts the distinction that
only careful thought in arrangement
will lend.

Logic dictates that type should
be easy to read. This pertains as
much to the type itself as to the
arrangement of the type elements.

Many faces in use today are hard
on the eyes, if not actually difficult
to decipher. Figure III is a reduc¬
tion of an eight-inch two-column
newspaper advertisement set in
Pencraft, a face which is not easily
legible. The resetting. Figure IV,
in Monotype Goudy and its Italic,
has more of the air of distinction,
the quality that type is called upon to impart in this instance,
and is much easier to read.

Hand-lettering is usually resorted to in order to achieve the
final word in distinctiveness, but too often falls far short of the

Buying Jewelry

In the purchase of Jewelry, few
are able to rely upon their own
appreciation of worth.

We want you to know the ad¬
vantages of buying your jewelry
yhere you can be absolutely
sure of super-quality and service
without having to pay for that
assurance more than a reason¬
able profit.

\*7 c desire to show you the
many beautiful things that are
constantly produced m our own
workshops

We solicit your patronage on
the ment of our goods and tho
fairness of our prices

We ash you to investigate for
yourself and know ua through
your personal experience.

SPAULDING S' CO.

CeJJmiSu. 6-lvmmiUiM and Jra+Uri
CHICAGO

Figure 111

[16]

desired result.. Plain type, properly handled, is much to be pre¬
ferred to the average hand-lettered form. If lettering is desired
procure the best.

The lettering in Figure V illustrates this point. The spindling
lettering of the body is hard to read and is not suitable for use
with the beautiful and very appropriate border design. Figure
VI, reset in Caslon, is easier to read and the gentle reader can
easily determine whether this advertisement from Vogue is any
less distinctive as reset. It is the border and heading which
imparts the suitable atmosphere and the message can just as well
be set in type, at quite a saving.

The desire for hand-lettered effects has led to the designing
of such types as the Pencraft, previously mentioned, Pabst and
Powell (now happily almost extinct)
Artcraft, Packard, Drew, Kennerly,
Forum Title, Cloister Old Style and
its italic, the new Goudy Old Style
with Italic and- its heavier com¬
panion, Goudy,Title. Some of these,
we predict, will soon disappear from
general use because of their complex
and hard-to-read lower case letters.
We have already pronounced taboo
on Pencraft, and would extend the
ban to cover Artcraft with its jar¬
ring lower-case g that fairly pops
out from a printed page; and also
Packard and Drew, both of which
are best characterized by the
general term “fancy faces.”

It is not entirely impossible to
secure good results from any of the
tabooed faces in small display
forms, but much better effects are
possible with the “hand-lettered”
faces that more closely follow the
classic Roman capitals and which
have lower-case that really harmon¬
ize with the capitals. Kennerly,
Cloister Old Style and Goudy Old
Style are such and are as easy to
read in large pages as they are in
small masses of a dozen words.

Experiment with the faces we have tabooed will demonstrate
that their use as body type is not feasible because of their tendency
to tire the eye in reading. When they are used these faces should
always be leaded out. This is true also of Della Robbia, which

[17J

Buying Jewelry

In the purchase of Jewelry
f ew are able to rely upon their
.own appreciation o( worth.
We want you to know the
advantages of buying your
jewelry where you can be ab¬
solutely sure of super-quality
and service without having
to pay for that assurance
more than a reasonable profit.
We desire to show you the

3iany beautifljf^things that
re constantly produced in
our own workshops.

We solicit your patronage on
the merit of our goods and
the fairness of our prices.

We ask you to investigate for
yourself and know us through
your personal experience

SPAULDING & CO.

Goldsmiths. Silversmiths & Jewelers
Michigan Ave. at VanBuren Street

CHICAGO

Paris: 23 Rue de la Paix

Figure IV

An interesting article on typography. (Conclusion on opposite page.)

appeals to you, but some one else will think differently and
select another. All of which proves that your assumption
about contrast, distinction, emphasis, etc., in giving each
advertiser " distinctive ” treatment is wrong. But to go
further, if examples are at hand, take another program in
which all advertisements are set in one style of type except
one, which one is set in a contrasting style. It will stand
out, and both you and whoever you ask about it will select
it as the one emphasized. The comparison is identical as
with two advertisements, in one of which many lines are
displayed and another in which only one line is promi¬
nently emphasized. In the former the displayed lines
counteract the effect, or nullify each other, whereas the
broad distinction between the lone displayed line and the
surrounding text, which offers no counteracting influence
in the latter, causes that one line to stand out. One more
example: Visualize a crowd of women all dressed in dif-

Since it is proved that advertisements are not given
emphasis when they are set as differently as possible and
in as many styles of type as the equipment of the office
affords, that object may be discounted. It is granted, too,
that it would be unfair to select one for such emphasis.

The most serious result of following that idea of set¬
ting each advertisement different from all the rest, how¬
ever, is not the loss of what the designer thought of
obtaining — distinction for each — but rather an inhar¬
monious appearance which is most displeasing. Although
some few combinations of different type styles are not un¬
satisfactory, too many faces in a job are certain to result
in an inharmonious whole.

Undoubtedly, therefore, the best plan to follow is to
use not more than two faces, these to be of the same shape
— preferably of regular proportions. One may be slightly
bolder than the other for display purposes, but they should

THE INLAND PRINTER

by all means be of the same shape and proportions if
pleasing results are desired.

This leads us down to the second cause for unattrac¬
tive appearance of advertisement programs — improper
type equipment. Whether, from a desire to accommodate

* — - -

incorrectly regarding distinction, about as the compositor
does who considers that if all advertisements are different
each will stand out above the other. What the advertiser
is most concerned in is the results which his advertising
will bring, and an advertisement to bring results must

. — *

tub stam

She will look for rhe

(Jorhdm~homQ

In moking a gift of siKcru'arc ro
the bride in celebrarion of rhe
even! rhe name of Gorham trill
make an evenr of rhe celebrarion.
lor It is o rradirion of rhe American
wedding rhar silverware shoukL
carr^ rhe Gorham rrade mark

has beautiful Roman capitals (in the historic sense), but an
inferior and difficult-to-read lower case.

Simplicity of Arrangement

Of equal importance to legibility in type is simple arrange¬
ment and the contrasting of the different masses in a type form

to assist the eye to ab¬
sorb the sense without
conscious effort. This
constitutes the major
portion of the art (or
craft) of typography
and is c o m m only
called “display. " Hard
and fast rules can only
be laid down for the
basic elements, beyond
which it is a matter, of
individual taste and
inclination.

The entire effort
should be toward
securing smoothnessof
arrangement and the
avoidance of any im¬
plication of doing
“stunts.” Borders
may be used, color re¬
sorted to in order to
tone up a form, or be
taken advantage of
when used to illustrate
a product or for real-
Fitu,' v ism in illustration —

all at the discretion
of the typographer, but never use such border or color as will
interfere with easy absorption of your entire story.

It is well to consider the size of type that will suit a particular
size of page and prepare just enough copy to fit, rather than be
too verbose and use small type that will be only half read. Ten-
point for a continuous story and eight-point for catalog descrip¬
tions is about right for a 6% size envelope booklet. Ten or
twelve point for a Number 10 size envelope booklet or 6x9 inch
booklet, with 12 point as a minimum for 7x10 to 9x12 inches, and
14-point for anything larger Catalog pages of course are an
exception.

[181

and ate violate no confidence in
sqvlT^t ihoi llie bride in] I look lor ir.
Sold by' boding Jeirelers e\enubere

THE GORHAM' COMPANY

Sihvrvruih? OGotismirhs

NEW YORK

Warkj - Providence O Vr Yirk

In this connection we suggest limiting the length of lines of
the various sizes of type. Six-point should be set not more than
four inches wide, eight-point not over five inches, and ten and
twelve-point not over six inches. Where the area to be filled is
wider than this, it is better to set in two or three columns, with
not too much space between the columns. Quite often the man
who prepares copy

_ -AN

She will look for rhe

(fjorham jiomQ !

In makings gift of silverware to
the bride in celebration of the
event, the nameof Gorham will
makeaneventof thecelebration,
for it is a tradition of the Ameri¬
can wedding that silverware
should carry the Gorham trade -
mark

will unconsciously
limit the typographic
possibilities of his
copy by his arrange¬
ment of the points in
his story. If all copy
were prepared with an
eye to its value in dis¬
play, much more effec¬
tive printing could be
produced.

Main display lines
should be at the top
or at least above
center on a page, un¬
less there is an illustra¬
tion above, in which
event the problem is
merely to balance cut
and the display lines.

One of the cardinal
principles of typo¬
graphy that is often ”
violated is the putting
into prominent dis¬
play of an incorn- fisuh vi

pleted thought. When

any part of a form is set in larger type than its surroundings it
ought to make sense, so that the casual eye will not get a false
impression and turn from your plea.

Some ideas outlined in this article may seem in a measure
repudiated by the success attendant upon the use of methods
herein condoned. The truth is that a great deal of advertising
succeeds because the force of advertising has been invoked and
the machinery of publicity started, but smoother operation of
the part wherein type enters can be had if the type is allowed to
do its bit more efficiently.

[191

and we violate no confidence in
saying that the bride will look
for it. Sold by leading jewelers
everywhere.

THE GORHAM COMPANY

SihvrsJiUhs 0 Goldsmiths

NEW YORK

. - Providence 0 Jfcui Yjrk

Four pages from house-organ of The Faithorn Company, Chicago.

* -

erstwhile customers, to gratify their own immediate fancy
or from lack of business judgment, most printing-plants,
especially small plants, are equipped with small fonts of
two or three sizes of a great variety of type-faces. There
will be, for example, 8, 12 and 18 point of Cheltenham
Bold; 10, 14, 24 and 36 point of Adstyle; 18, 30 and 48
point of Hancock, etc. — no complete series, no full-weight
fonts. As is so well stated in the “ Cost and Method ”
department of this issue, time lost resetting lines, picking
sorts, etc., would soon pay for a complete family.

With roman and italic of one series the compositor
does not have to worry about type harmony. If he but
use good judgment he can manipulate these by changes
of sizes, from lower-case to capitals and italic, etc., in such
a way as to give each advertiser effective display and dis¬
tinction — to the point where it does not conflict with good
typography. The average advertiser unfortunately thinks

invite reading and be readable. A conglomerate mass of
many and varied sizes and styles of type can not invite
reading, for it is not pleasing to the eye. It can not be
readable to the point where comprehension by the reader
is entirely clear, and with force, because the eye can not
easily accommodate itself to the swift changes in sizes
and styles of type. Four lines bearing one line of thought
— one sentence — are much more readily comprehended
if set in one style of type than if each line is different.

Now, have we proved the advisability of using one style
of display in advertising programs? We feel that we
have, but to make our points clearer we are showing on
page 65, side by side, pages of the two classes. In the
first, perhaps the advertisement set in bold type stands
out a trifle more prominently than the others, but those
others do not. The argument we have endeavored to dis¬
prove is that all will stand out if set differently.

ADVERTISING

r:z;f

'.J.-Y-M (it s 1' SCIH BKRT
^|\VAGOX COMPANY

!; ~7" |

- - • "
H ^ O-OPERATE and
\ V\ As.sist-~*w>e Criticise

and Find Fault-*** m»«* ^
•••••'

Wbail'K*'

£3HE mintage or wisdom
ra is to know that rest is
Sts rust, and that real life
love, laughter and work

AILURE is only
for those who
think failure j&

o mas itrrr pt mfms prtj-
■> Irstian ptrahhtg Ijia feasinrss;
I ! m act jt saig tobf« ftf
; ; harness {raslrs goa

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! HAVE DOVE

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Representative Typography from The Royeroft Shop.

Interesting groups of specimens reproduced from a handsome advertising booklet recently
issued from the unique printing-plant established by the late Elbert Hubbard, “ Fra
Elbertus,” at East Aurora, New York. Produced under the direction of Axel Edwin
Sahlin, superintendent of composition.

THE INLAND PRINTER

^ A 1 A A A A A A 1 1 >OJULAAl 1 A 1 M A

SPECIMENS

BY J. L. FRAZIER.

Under this head will be briefly reviewed brochures, booklets and specimens of printing sent in for criticism. Literature submitted for this pur¬
pose should be marked “For Criticism” and directed to The Inland Printer Company, Chicago. Postage on packages containing specimens must
not'be included in package of specimens, unless letter postage is placed on the entire package. Specimens should be mailed flat, not rolled.

J. C. Bucholz, Cleveland, Ohio. — The card
for Robert J. Bucholz is cleverly designed, and
the lettering, though not perfect, indicates con¬
siderable talent on the part of the designer,
your son.

Elmer S. Thrasher, Detroit, Michigan. —
Your work is exceptionally neat, and to ordi¬
nary, small, one-color work you have cleverly
given an appearance of class and quality. We
commend, also, good judgment in display.

The Adver-Press, Chicago, Illinois. — The
pink blotter is interesting in arrangement and
should therefore prove effective advertising,

Rand Avery Supply Company, Boston, Mas¬
sachusetts. — We admire the clever samples of
typographic work you have favored us with.
We have no fault to find with them in any par¬
ticular. The soft colors used are in part, at
least, responsible for the very pleasing appear¬
ance of the work.

Stettiner Brothers, Inc., New York city.
— The card-announcement, “A Third of a
Century,” in which you chronicle the completion
of thirty-three and one-third years of success¬
ful business, is a very pleasing and effective
piece of work. No doubt the secret of your long

the “ Pussyfoot ” people wanted their letter¬
head the way it was printed, hence must pre¬
sume you would not have set it in that over-bold,
bizarre style. It could have been made equally
striking had smaller type been used.

Eugene Jacob Vacco, Pittsburgh, Pennsyl¬
vania. — The specimens are not at all ordinary,
as you state, but are especially neat and effec¬
tive. You seem to realize the value of simplicity
and we hope you will remember always that you
have opportunity to exercise your best talent
and judgment on the simplest of work. No
one realizes the value of color and the increased

Our Perfumes Impart a Delicate and Pleasing Fragrance that Reminds One of Sunshine and Roses

S. J. BLACK COMPANY

‘Perfumers

Toilet Preparations-:- Gifts •> Fine Stationery-:- Hosiery, Gowns & Waists-:- Sole Agents for H oka ra Massage Creams

159 Grant Avenue

Macon, Georgia

A simple yet interesting letter-head by B. W. Radcliffe, with The J. W. Burke Company, Macon, Geoi'gia,
in a form that can be adapted to many uses.

especially since it is also well printed and
readable.

Alfred Ollivant, Brooklyn, New York. — -
Specimens of your good work appeal to us as
being pleasing in appearance and eminently
readable. You use old-style Caslon and Book¬
man to excellent advantage. When will better
type-faces be designed and cast?

Woody Printing Company, Ogden, Utah. —
The blotters printed in colors and illustrated
by various seasonable, appropriate and interest¬
ing pictures in half-tone are such as are cer¬
tain to command attention. This is a valuable
consideration in advertising of any sort.

Beers Printing Company, South Bend, Indi¬
ana. — The cover of the 1916-17 program-book¬
let for The Thursday Club is a beauty, and the
entire work, as well as that on the 1917-18
booklet, is excellent. There is no basis for com¬
parison between these programs and the one
for 1915-16.

H. W., New York city. — We pay no atten¬
tion to anonymous communications. We con¬
sider our space too valuable to be given over
to what is often only an effort to “ get some¬
thing on ” somebody. If you desire helpful,
constructive criticism on your own work, send
it in under your full name.

and successful business life lies largely in the
excellent quality of the work you do.

Joe W. Short, Ottawa, Ontario. — Your pri¬
vate stationery combines dignity with beauty,
a combination that leaves nothing to be desired
in printing of this character. The card is sim¬
ilar in design to the letter-head, harmony in
this particular being quite pleasing.

Axel Edw. Sahlin, East Aurora, New
York. — The booklet, “Business Printing,” is
interesting and unusual in every way. The
other specimens in the collection sent us are
also of high order, being consistently designed
and printed in a unique style which is charac¬
teristic of all Roycroft craft. Several are re¬
produced on page 68.

The Lees Company, Cleveland, Ohio. — The
dress in which you clothe the advertising mat¬
ter prepared by you is sure to command atten¬
tion and excite interest. We have long admired
the effective literature sent out by The Cleve¬
land Trust Company and must admit that we
have never seen bank advertising that compares
with it in general all around quality.

O. A. Blevins, Ossian, Indiana. — - Specimens
are ordinary. Read other reviews in this de¬
partment for pointers on the use of text in
combination with block letters. We suppose

opportunities afforded by the better class of
work more than this writer, but do not lose
sight of the fact that one of the surest roads
to success is in doing the common things un¬
commonly well.

Charles R. Soyner, Jacksonville, Florida. —
The several examples of work submitted by you
are of exceptional merit. They possess points
of originality and distinction which, combined
with good design and readable types, make
them especially valuable from a publicity stand¬
point. We would suggest that you avoid carry¬
ing the style in which the letter-head folder
and the Mason Hotel dinner menu cover are
designed too far. The package-label is espe¬
cially effective.

L. E. Miller, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.— We
heartily agree with you in your good opinion
of “ Driver Dan,” the new trade character by
whose aid you hope to advertise Sterling Motor
Trucks to increased advantage. If future
“ Driver Dan ” advertising is as effective as the
first booklet, a copy of which you sent us, we
predict a healthy growth for the Sterling fac¬
tory. Besides being cleverly written, this partic¬
ular booklet possesses the added valuable quali¬
ties of being effectively designed and especially
well printed. The pressman deserves praise.

THE INLAND PRINTER

S' j , /

wiwA

SUPERIOR

INSTALLS

MONO

TYPES

EQUIPPED WITH ALL IMPROVEMENTS
'UP-TO-DATE IN EVERY DETAIL *
CONTINUOUS LEAD AND RULE MOLDS

* AND THE NEWEST TYPE STYLES *
PROVIDING EXCEPTIONAL FACILITIES

* FOR. EVERY VARIETY OF WORK -

V ▼ V

SUPERIOR TYPESETTING C?
CATALOG It BOOK NAKEUP
7)1 FEDERAL JT t CHICAGO
HAR. 2755*6 AUTO. 61»61J

Strong cover-design of booklet showing faces of type obtainable from the equipment of a large com¬
position trade plant in Chicago. The border in original was printed in a buff tint.

Oscar F. Jackson, Lansing, Michigan. —
Your work is clever. We admire particularly
“ The Story of a Big Job,” because of the
unique cover-design and the original color
scheme and layout of the inside pages. The
specimens set in the new Publicity Gothic are
particularly effective, and, on the broadside for
the Lansing Vitrified Tile Silo, that type-face
and a strong color combination of maroon and
dark green result in a job that would be hard
to improve upon.

C. F. Whitney, Wayne, Nebraska. — The
program for the Northeast Nebraska Editorial
Association’s midsummer session is interesting.
It is appropriately cut out to the shape of a
barrel of ink and the printing on the cover is
designed to make it approximate the appear¬
ance of a barrel, rules being used to represent
the hoops. The program page is crowded, and
smaller type should have been used to allow
more white space between the lines and in the
margins to overcome that effect. The “ Ex¬
perience ” window card is excellent.

Job Printing Department, Brooklyn Daily
Eagle, Brooklyn, New York. — Composition on
the folder entitled “ The Hotel Booklet ” is in¬
teresting and satisfactory. The colors used,
especially the dark olive, are not pleasing as
used. The display lines, already heavier and
darker in tone than the text-matter, are printed
in dark olive, whereas the light-face lines of
the text are printed in a weak gray. Looking
at the folder one sees the display lines in dis¬
pleasing spots. Emphasis can be given head¬
ings and tone weakened at the same time
through contrast, furnished by the use of warm
colors, such as red, yellow and orange.

Huntley S. Turner, Ayer, Massachusetts. —
The inserts designed and printed by you for
the purpose of advertising Shirley and Presi¬
dent suspenders in clothiers’ trade papers are
effective. We do not admire such strong con¬
trast as is presented by the combination of
yellow and red-violet on the 1917 Holiday Box
display. We believe a softer harmony would
be equally effective and surely more pleasing.

So much yellow, especially, is jarring to the
eyes and esthetic sensibilities, of this writer
at least ; and it presents an appearance of
cheapness, which influences opinion.

L. F. Van Allen, Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. —
The proof label is very poor, especially as re¬
gards the distribution of white space. You will
note that the type is massed in the lower part
of the design, with considerably more white
space at top than appears at the bottom. This
and the fact that the main line, “ Proof,” at
the top, is printed in orange causes the design
as a whole to appear bottom-heavy. Endeavor
to obtain symmetry in the arrangement of
lines, consequently of the white space, and the
appearance of your work will be better, be¬
cause more orderly.

The Valley Art Printing Company, Bris¬
bane, Queensland. — Your specimens are inter¬
esting. That is especially true concerning the
menu and program-booklet for the banquet
of your organization, which is gotten up in
josh style and entitled “ The Layout.” The
copy, as well as the illustrations, which are
profuse, is more than enough to open a meet¬
ing with a spirit of good humor. Format, de¬
sign and execution indicate painstaking care
and intelligence on the part of B. E. Pike, who
planned the novelty. The booklet, “A New
Advertising Service,” is also good — in fact,
there is a combination of originality and quality
in your product that is seen all too infrequently.

J. Guy Livingston, Bennington, Vermont.—
We do not believe you added effectiveness to
your letter-head by the use of the third color.
Had a finer rule been used, running full length
of the sheet and nearer the top, with the line
of type above correspondingly raised, the leaf
ornaments could have been eliminated and the
products of your plant given greater emphasis
because of the larger amount of white space
between the items. The change would increase
the amount of white space above the main line,
where more is necessary to overcome an appear¬
ance of crowding at that point in the design as
it is printed. No ornament need be used below
the main group, and black would be preferable
to brown on account of the red-orange.

The Express Printing Company, Conners-
ville, Indiana, has launched a house-organ,
named the Exponent. If future issues are up-
to the standard of the first the venture will’
surely prove a success, for it is interesting in
appearance as it is in fact and is also well
printed. Cameo Plate is used for inside pages,
which are printed in black and orange, the
work-mark of the firm being combined with the
running-head, the mark along with initial let¬
ters being printed in the orange. The cover
has a flap extending over the back cover which
is sealed with the firm's poster stamp, the
names and addresses of those to whom copies
are mailed being written on the front cover.
This saves an envelope, but, of course, mars
the appearance of the booklet in transit.

The Livingston Press, Bennington, Ver¬
mont. — The “All Kinds of Printing ” card is
satisfactory if our inference is correct that it
was designed to be placed in an advertising
frame such as is hung in hotels, depots and
other public places, and which ordinarily holds
cards of various local enterprises. The large
type used would make it particularly adaptable
to this class of advertising. The calendar-card
is not so effective, due to the fact that it is
badly crowded. Had the calendar block been
extended through the border at the left to save
space, the effect of congestion apparent in the
type would be overcome by the increased white
space at the left of the type-group, which at
present crowds the calendar block too closely.
Spacing between words is altogether too wide
for the condensed type used, the shape of which
does not harmonize with the oblong card.

THE INLAND PRINTER

1- buy it with thought

2- cook if with care

Serve just enough
4-Save what will keep
£-eat what would spoil
^•home-grown is best

don't waste it

Miniature reproduction of a poster, hand-lettered and designed for the Government by F. G. Cooper.
Reproduced here from a card sent out by The Marehbanks Press, New York city.

A. E. Ott, Denver, Colorado. — We admire
the stationery for Boulder Typographical Union
very much indeed, and, although types of dif¬
ferent shape and design are used in combina¬
tion, the extended type is in very small sizes
and, therefore, the variation in shape is not
noticeable to the extent of making it displeas¬
ing. You should avoid this combination when
large sizes of the extended type are used, as
on the letter-head for The Trade and Labor
Assembly, which is well handled considering the
large number of names in the copy furnished
you. You are to be congratulated on your suc¬
cess in the use of full-tone and light tint color
combinations, the appearance being very dainty
and neat, and yet strong enough because of the
type arrangement.

Cabl E. Neer, Wheeling, West Virginia. — -
Your card is a very good one. Too many peo¬
ple criticize typographic designs adversely be¬
cause the style does not happen to appeal to
them or because the work is not printed in
their favorite colors. Style is a matter of per¬
sonal taste, but quality is determined upon the
extent of adherence to fundamentals of design
in the work, which, unfortunately, all do not
understand. We believe your critics have
judged this card according to their individual
taste and not in accordance with principles,
that is, provided they call it poor. Improve¬
ment would result, however, if the blue tint
were slightly lighter and if the label had been
printed in some position where it would not
conflict with the main display lines. The
arrangement is neat and orderly.

M. Z. Remsburgh, Los Angeles, California. —
Composition of the various specimens sub¬
mitted by you is satisfactory. We note that
stock of a strong yellow color is used on the
stationery forms of the house by which you
are employed. That is not an indication of
good taste. Yellow stock suggests cheapness
and it is altogether too displeasing, no matter
how attractive the design is which appears
upon it. It also suggests the opposite to dig¬
nity, and, while to be passed with an “Ah,
well ” on the stationery of a theatrical troupe,
is not in good taste where taste is considered
to abide. Lay copies of those particular speci¬
mens beside duplicates of your excellent work
printed on brown india and white stock and
ask yourself which has the better flavor. We
suggest that you avoid the combination of con¬
densed Wedding Text and extended light Cop¬
perplate Gothic.

J. C. Hoffanir, Abbeville, Louisiana. — It is
advisable to have all lines in a design equal

or none of them the same length. If all lines
but one in a design are of equal length and
that one shorter than the others, the squared
contour is broken and it appears inconsistent.

This is the fault of the Moresi envelope-card.
When the matter is such that all lines can not
be squared up to the same measure, display
should be arranged to obtain sufficient varia¬
tion in the length of the lines and the lines so
placed that a pleasing, graceful, irregular con¬
tour is obtained. When all lines are of almost
equal length, the appearance of a group is
bulky. An informative article on this subject
appeared in the November, 1915, issue of The
Inland Printer and we suggest that you refer
to it at this time.

A. C. Mitchell, Dillon, Montana. — All of the
samples sent us are satisfactory. The letter¬
head for The Chinook could have been arranged
to take up less space, which on a two-thirds
sheet is naturally valuable, by placing the
groups containing the names of the members of
the publication staff farther into the corners
and by raising the main group. We recognize
the fact that to leave the two lower lines of
the main group the same length would have
been displeasing, but the small squares used
to lengthen the first of these lines also makes
it unattractive. By setting the italic lines one
size larger, the necessity for lengthening the
second by makeshift methods would have been
obviated and, that accomplished, it would also
have been possible to eliminate the parallel
rules from beneath the main line where they

GET OFF THAT HEARSE

I SAID, THE OTHER DAY, TO A POOR BUSINESS MAN WHO
ALWAYS DRIVES THE GLOOM WAGON-"GIVE ME THOSE
REINS, AND I’LL TURN THAT BUGGY OF YOURS INTO A
DELIVERY WAGON FOR YOU. THE ONLY THING SHE’LL
NEED TO MAKE HER RUN SMOOTHLY IS AXLE GREASE.
AND THE BEST BUSINESS AXLE GREASE IS PRINTING
INK-BUT MY KIND, MIND YOU NOT THE ORDINARY.”
HE TOOK ME UP AND NOW HE’S ASKING FOR MORE
DELIVERY WAGONS. NEED ANY OF MY GREASE TODAY?

-BURKE OF BROADWAY

Something a little different in the way of printer’s advertising — a card from The J. W. Burke
Company, Macon, Georgia. Designed by B. W. Radcliffe.

THE INLAND PRINTER

Making

Your Advertising

Sell

Making Your Advertising

SELL

It’s the selling value of your
advertising that counts.

To have selling value, your ad¬
vertising must be read. It must
be read by all kinds of people.
Aged people, people with weak
eyes, and people with little time
to work typographical puzzles.

So it’s up to you to make your
advertising readable. Your book¬
lets and folders may need to be

beautiful — or they may not. But
they must not be tiresome to the
eye. Ornamentation must be sec¬
ondary to the message.

Types which do not conform
to certain proportions are diffi¬
cult to read. Optometrists tell us
that the eye does not readily
grasp a line of type longer than
three and one-half inches.

There are numerous readable
types. By the nature of their con¬
struction they convey certain
thoughts. Strength, dignity, ele¬
gance, femininity, truth — any of

Something good to read as well as pleasing to look upon. The six reproductions on this and the opposite page are from a folder sent out

by the A. W. McCloy Company, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

are used as a cut-off to separate the lines of
equal length, but different content, size and
style.

Typographic Art Department, A. W. McCloy
Company, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. — The qual¬
ity of work done by you is such that we can
not offer constructive criticism. The advertis¬
ing folders are well written, and, dressed in
dignified and readable style of typog¬
raphy, should prove profitable. An
interesting folder is reproduced — it is
worth reading.

Young & McCallister, Inc., Los
Angeles, California, have recently
completed a large catalogue for the
Brownstein-Louis Company, whole¬
salers and manufacturers of men’s
furnishing goods, which, besides being
handsome, is unique, perhaps, in the
fact that practically all the illustra¬
tions are made from actual photo¬
graphs without retouching. We are
reproducing one page of the book
herewith, showing how effective such
illustrations can be made when good
subjects are properly posed. It is
surely an honest way to picture mer¬
chandise.

R. C. Williamson, Des Moines,

Iowa. — ■ Specimens sent us by you are
exceptionally good. Good taste in
composition and the selection of colors,
combined with clean presswork, leave
us no opportunity to point out serious
faults. Avoid setting capitals en
masse, for capitals are difficult to
read. They are permissible where a
few words appear in large sizes in dis¬
play, in signatures and occasionally be¬
tween lines of lower case to give
emphasis, but so generally used as on
the title page of the program for the
benefit association of the Harris-
Emery Company make printing diffi¬
cult for the reader to comprehend.

Green and blue do not make an effec¬
tive combination for typographic
printing, although we have seen them
teffectively used in illustration. They

produce a depressing effect and ordinarily the
contrast afforded is not sufficient to emphasize
the points in the second color effectively. We
refer to the circular for Hagan, printed in blue
and green on blue cover stock.

The Munro & Harford Company is a firm
that specializes in fine lithography and color
printing in New York city and enjoys an en¬

» B R.OWNSTE1N- LOUIS COMPANY ■ LOS ANGELE S «
Stronghold Auto Overalls

Stronghold Auto Overalls were originally designed to provide an adequate work garment for the
automobile owner or chauffeur finding it ncccs>ary to make repairs or adjustments on the road or in
the garage. It proved such a prnctic.il garment, insuring such complete protection from grease and
dirt, that it is now being universally worn by all workers of both indoor and outdoor occupations. We
have improved the make ot our Stronghold Auto Overalls by shaping the waist to fit the figu
a two-button adjustable cull, . nd now mu'

hest measure in two lengths.
Lot

1919 Stronghold Olivo Khaki A

r. Overalls,

Practically all the illustrations in the large Brownstein-Louis
catalogue, recently produced by Young & McCallister, Inc., Los
Angeles, California, are printed from half-tones made from unre¬
touched photographs. As illustrated here, they were effective.

viable reputation for the high quality of its
product. It was rather to be expected that
the program of the outing of employees of the
firm would be something unusual, as indeed it
is. In place of the customary booklet, a num¬
ber of loose cards, on which the menus, the
program, patriotic songs, etc., are printed are
enclosed in a cut-out folder or jacket. On the
back of two of these cards half-tone
illustrations of Messrs. Munro and
Harford are printed and these cards
are so placed in the folder that when
it is closed and tied with a red, white
and blue ribbon, the faces appear
through tissue windows on front and
back. The names of Mr. Munro and
Mr. Harford are printed on the white
section of the ribbon in such position
that when the folder is tied the name
appears directly below the correspond¬
ing illustration. As a novelty it scores
high, but the cards are not as con¬
venient, of course, as a booklet would
be. Jay Ahl, foreman of the com¬
posing-room, is responsible for this
unique idea and planned its execu¬
tion.

M. C. Henderson, Pittsburgh, Penn¬
sylvania. — The blotters are composed
in a neat manner and are satisfactory
in design, but we would prefer a more
extended face for the text matter on
the small one — a shape which would
harmonize with the shape of the blot¬
ter. The large blotter would be im¬
proved if a red-orange had been used
for the second color instead of the
deep brown, which is too lifeless to
produce effective results. We do not
consider the running-heads too large
on the Reno Hall booklet, but are
inclined to criticize the large amount
of space between the paragraphs and
below the running-heads. While con¬
siderable white space between para¬
graphs over which sub-headings appear
emphasizes those items, we feel that
emphasis would be strong enough and
are certain the appearance would be

THE INLAND PRINTER

these can be represented by type.

Good type designs, alone, how¬
ever, are not enough. They must
be supplemented by the proper
papers and color combinations.

Papers create different feelings.
The wrong paper stock will spoil
the effectiveness of an otherwise
good piece of advertising liter¬
ature.

Care must be used in selecting
colors. They have a great influ¬
ence on the mind. Some attract
us by their warmth, some are
cold and repellent. Redisused in

the cure of melancholia. Blue has
been used in Russia to wreck the
minds of political prisoners.

Two colors, both good in them¬
selves, may not look well to¬
gether.

Combining types, papers and
inks so that the product is easy
to read, attractive, and appropri¬
ate, is no job for an amateur. It
requires a thorough knowledge
of design, a scientific understand¬
ing of colors, and a familiarity
with papers. It also requires the
the gift to arrange types.

Make your advertising like you.
Your booklets, folders, magazine

or newspaper ads should reflect
the characteristics of your busi¬
ness, and they must be readable.
We can make them so.

Typographic Art Dept.
A. W. McCloy Company
642-44 Liberty Avenue
Pittsburgh, Pa.

These and the pages shown opposite are from a small folder produced by the Typographic Art Department of the A. W. McCloy Company,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. This department is in charge of Ellsworth Geist and Edwin H. Stuart.

more pleasing if there were slightly less space.
Because of the equal margins all around, the
appearance of facing pages is not
satisfactory. This is due to the double
margin in the center. Progressive
margins are always advisable in book¬
let work ; the effect of even margins
is not nearly so displeasing on larger
pages where the margins are corre¬
spondingly greater and where the
variation is therefore not so notice¬
able.

W. L. Adams, Grand Rapids, Michi¬
gan. — - The cover-design for The
Pioneer, a high school year book,
would have been very pleasing indeed
had the lettering been made slightly
smaller. The arrangement and the
colors are especially good, but the
over-large lettering is responsible for
a rather poor effect. Some of the
advertisements are neat, but many of
them are faulty through the use of
larger sizes of type than necessary,
effecting an appearance of congestion
which is displeasing. Give white space
a chance — don't crowd type. In one
instance we note that a short line end¬
ing a paragraph is carried over to the
top of a page. That is poor make-up,
something, in fact, which is inexcus¬
able. Presswork is not at all good.

The plates are not properly made
ready, the ink is not uniformly dis¬
tributed and the impression is entirely
too weak. A word about printing
half-tones on Cameo : The manufac¬
turers of that beautiful paper do not
claim that ordinary half-tones can be
printed satisfactorily on it. Their
advice is to have the half-tones etched
very deep. The engraver should be
told that Cameo plate stock is to be
used and asked to make the plates
accordingly. It is unfortunate that
poor printing should handicap this
beautiful paper.

Frank J. Lester, Marshfield, Wis¬
consin. — If it were a “ hurry-up job ”
why did you spend needless time con¬

structing intricate rule and decorative border
arrangements? In other words, the faults in

the C. W. P. A. menu are due to the very
things that made the job require more time in
composition — nay, presswork, too, on
account of difficult register — than
should have been the case. The leaf
ornaments printed in red inside the
border of the cover spot the page dis¬
agreeably, and, in common with an
excess of rules in border and as under¬
scores, make the page appear complex,
as indeed it is. An excess of decora¬
tion also spoils the inside page. The
first thing to learn if one is to become
a good typographer is that the sim¬
plest way is best and too much deco¬
ration is worse by far than none at
all. A plain border, a spot of deco¬
ration or color (if a bright color) and
plain, readable type are all that are
required, and if these are arranged
with a view to proportion, balance,
harmony, symmetry, etc., the result
will be all that could be desired. Good
books are published which explain the
fundamental principles of design cited
above and we believe some of them
would prove profitable winter reading
for you.

The Inland Printer acknowledges
receipt of a large collection of beau¬
tiful printed forms from George W.
King & Son, Worcester, Massachusetts.
The work emanating from this plant
is representative of the best in digni¬
fied and attractive typography, sup¬
plemented by clean presswork. A
holiday-greeting card is reproduced on
this page.

A. Styverson, Union Hill, New
Jersey. — The announcement card for
Miss Compton’s Tea Room is not at
all attractive. The type is too large.
It is arranged in lines without a view
to pleasing contour (the shape of the
type group is bulky instead of grace¬
ful), and the lines are scattered over
the card without consideration of re¬
lationship between lines and without
a realization of the advantages of
variation in spacing display lines.

' I

j, ' ■ '

Merry) Christmas

from all the

* Fa))s *

28 Beeching Street
Worcester, Massachusetts

Christmas is almost here, and the card shown above, by George
W. King & Son, Worcester, Massachusetts, offers a good sugges¬
tion. The illustration is a small kodak photograph tipped to the
hand-made card, which is printed in black and red.

THE INLAND PRINTER

Proportion and interest are obtained by pleas¬
ing inequality in spacing of display lines and
masses. Type-faces so different in shape and
design as the text and the block letter should
never be used in combination, except when the
size of the latter is so small in proportion to

from a typographic standpoint. We note a
tendency to use too large sizes of type and to
emphasize the effect of congestion due to their
use by crowding lines too closely. Capitals are
used too freely, seriously affecting legibility.
This is particularly true of the heading for the

as to possess a son ? ” We feel they will open
it too. On the inside spread, in large letters,
the following is printed in Cheltenham Bold
above a two-color illustration, approximating
mahogany finish, of a handsome roll-top desk:
“A smooth working steel desk that will endure

The^/Idvertisers Press, Inc,

217 Friend Street
Boston

•4

ThecAdvertisers press> ^nc-

designing, encravinc. embossinc Telephone Haymarket

PRINTING t. BINDING
CATALOCS. BOOKLETS, HOUSE ORGANS
COMMERCIAL WORK

217 Friend Street, Boston

the former that the difference of shape is not
apparent. These points have been gone over
so often in these columns that it should not
be necessary to emphasize them again. It
seems also that the faults are so apparent they
should be noted readily by one who makes a
practice of critically examining his work with
a view to its improvement.

The Advertisers Press, Boston, Massachu¬
setts. — - Various stationery forms used by you,
all having what has been termed a family re¬
semblance, are interesting and pleasing. Your
business card and envelope corner-card are re¬
produced herewith, as they afford a suggestion
to others for variety in typographic treatment
of such forms.

Jennings Foster, Oakes, North Dakota. —
The circular ■ — - or display advertisement re¬
printed as a circular — for the C. M. C. Store
is good. We believe, however, the inside panel
is too large. Had this panel been smaller, the
heading and itemized list above could have been
opened up a little with white space and em¬
phasized by the use of a larger and more effec¬
tively displayed heading, with resultant increase
in effectiveness of the whole. The heading
which you have displayed uniformly reads as
follows : “ Large Waist Stocks for Your Selec¬

tion in Fashions Most Attractive Styles. New
Shipment of Middies and Waists Received this
Week.” There should be distinction in the dis¬
play of the two sentences. The first should
have been set in larger type to balance the
advertisement and to more effectively command
attention. The second sentence could well be
set in a smaller size than the first, but in a
change of face, say italic, to give it proper
emphasis also. The matter in the inner panel,
especially the heading, is not arranged in a
pleasing manner ; a short carry-over of one
word at the end of a heading should be avoided.
In this case a pyramided heading would be a
great improvement in that it would afford sym¬
metry in the heading and a uniform and more
pleasing distribution of the white space.

J. H. Rogers, Quincy, Massachusetts. — - The
various letter-heads sent in by you are inter¬
esting in general style but not especially good

Interesting envelope and card designs char¬
acteristic of the appearance of all stationery
items used by The Advertisers Press, Inc., Bos¬
ton, Massachusetts. Originals were on buff stock.

J. F. Reid Company. In this heading, also,
space between words is several times that be¬
tween lines — a serious fault. The effect of
this is to break up the matter into spots in¬
stead of lines, making it difficult to follow with
satisfaction. When colors which are weak in
tone, such as the yellow on the Golbranson
letter-head and the blue tint on one of your
own headings, are to be used for printing lines
of type, that type should be considerably bolder
than the lines which are to be printed in the
stronger color. Try to read the lines in yellow
on the Golbranson heading at a distance, at an

ELLSWORTH GEIST
DIRECTOR TYPOGRAPHIC ART DEPARi
A. W. MCCLOY COMPANY

Business card on imitation wood veneer. The
trade-mark design was printed in orange, the
type and rule in black.

angle or under artificial light and you will
realize the truth of the above statement.

“ You can will it to your son,” printed in
red, from a zinc of bold written words, and a
half-tone illustration of a youngster printed in
black appear on the address side of a broad¬
side recently issued by Stevens, Maloney &
Company, Chicago, to advertise the Art Metal
line of office equipment handled by that firm.
It should inspire curiosity in any doting parent.
The question arises, “ How about the buyers
of office equipment who are not so fortunate

forever and of which you will always be proud.”
Getting out of our line, you say — well, yes,
but the printing is so good we have no sugges¬
tions for improvement to offer and the idea
appealed to us so forcibly we had to mention
it because it may be used to advertise anything
a quality of which is longevity. We regret
that, in folding, the enameled stock cracked in
several places over the illustration, marring its
appearance somewhat when received.

T. Toby Jacobs Advertising and Printing
Company, Omaha, Nebraska. — We agree with
the statement made in the heading of one of
your large circulars, “ The Job of Printing I
Will Do For You Will Speak Out Loud.” But,
Mr. Jacobs, is it not possible to speak too loud?
Have you ever heard of a salesman who lost
out because he was too boisterous, because he
was so emphatic in his claims he lost the con¬
fidence of his prospective customers? We also
heartily endorse the intent of another state¬
ment nicely made in this same circular: “ Type
is only so much lead ; ink is only so much
smear ; paper is only blank material, but when
all three are handled by knowing brains and
hands the result is printing that sells goods.”
We do not agree with you, however, that the
circular of which the above sentences are parts
is an expression of the ideas quoted. It is
too loud, it is too bizarre and it is frightening
in its brusqueness. A little more quality in
workmanship — better color harmonies and
better type composition — and less of an effort
toward striking effects, which leads you too far,
and your printing would really talk out loud
in the sense that its more inviting appearance
would invite attention and by not being over-
insistent would carry a greater degree of con¬
viction. Really, with no desire to dampen your
enthusiasm — and realizing that we are not
likely to convince you — we must state that you
are on the wrong track. Leading advertising
experts discourage your style of advertising and
printing.

The editor of this department is indebted to
Harry L. Gage, head of the department of
printing, Carnegie Institute of Technology,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, for a copy of the

THE INLAND PRINTER

handsome book recently produced by
students of the Middle Class. Once
each year Mr. Gage leads his proteges
to a few of the large eastern cities
where printing, engraving and elec¬
trotyping plants, paper mills and print¬
ing machinery factories are visited.
In this way the budding Ben Frank¬
lins not only see how the plants are
operated, but at first hand secure in¬
formation concerning the business
which can hardly be taught in class¬
room. This year the class visited the
Government Printing Office, The Lans-
ton Monotype Company factory, The
Miehle Press Company, The Dexter
Folder Company, The Dill & Collins
Paper Company, The American Type
Founders Company and a number of
large printing plants. At the conclu¬
sion of the tour each lad was required
to write his impressions of some one
institution visited and the book re¬
ferred to above contains these articles.
It makes interesting and informative
reading. The book is valuable as a
souvenir of the occasion because it is
liberally illustrated by small kodak
photographs of those in the party,
snapped en masse at various points of
interest. These photographs are
tipped to inserted leaves of cover
stock, placed at intervals thi'ough the
book. The volume is bound in boards
and covered with brown hand-made
stock, the titular matter being printed
on a small sheet of another shade of
brown which is pasted on the front
cover. The inside pages are printed
in a rich brown and black on white
antique stock. The work emanating
from this school is invariably of high
quality and reflects considerable credit
upon Mr. Gage and his corps of in¬
structors, as well as the young men
who are fitting themselves for the bet¬
ter positions of the industry.

R. J. Babione, of the Sterling Print¬
ing Company, Fremont, Ohio, is an
up-to-date printer who is not satisfied
with standing still or with following
the crowd along the beaten path of
conventionality. He is particularly
insistent that the stationery and ad¬
vertising forms of his house shall
carry an air of distinction by which
he hopes to convince recipients that
they may also have unusual, effective,
excellent printed forms if they only
patronize him. Mr. Babione's latest
stunt is carried out in the Sterling
invoice. The form itself is consistent
with the ordinary invoice except for
an unusual typographical arrange¬
ment. The novelty comes in the
method of folding and the , printing
which appears on the back. A 3% -inch
fold is first laid from the right, fold¬
ing the invoice side in from the right.
This fold takes up 6V2 inches of the
8% inches (the form is 814 by 514 — -
printed broad way), leaving a 1%-
inch fold-over flap such as is often
seen on programs. At the top of the
flap the word “ Invoice ” appears and
at the bottom a “ Made in Fremont,
U. S. A.” emblem is printed. Since
the invoice must be opened at this
place, we may, to make it plain, call
it the “ front.” On the “ back,” or on
the second 314-inch section made by
the folding, the following is printed in
a small panel : ‘‘We thank you for this
order, which we trust has been filled

■

Why not

tell your customers
— or clients that you are
thankful for the businesss
that has come to you dur¬
ing the year past?

Graves Greeting Cards
—for the business and pro¬
fessional man, as well as the
individual — form a close
contact that is hard to get
away from.

In this line there are also
letter headings to carry the
Christmas message mer¬
chandise certificates that are
unusually attractive.

A visit from our represent¬
ative places you under no
obligation — Phone Norfolk
598 for appointment.

EUGENE L. GRAVES

INCORPORATED

DIRECT ADVERTISING
BUSINESS SYSTEMS
248 Tazewell St., Norfolk, Va.
Phone - Norfolk -598

ocoocoocoocooccoceooooccoeooccocoocooco

NOVEMBER

Sun

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

1 1

1 4

Howard Van Sciver, typographic designer for Eugene L.
Graves, Inc., Norfolk, Virginia, combines readable types with
simple and effective designs, as is illustrated above.

to your liking. If found incorrect in
any way please tell us at once. We
hope to merit your future business.”
Just a little thing and only a little
more trouble, but expressive of a de¬
sire to give real service. Incidentally,
a suggestion is given Sterling's cus¬
tomers that they might want to adopt
on their own invoices ; and ninety-
nine times out of a hundred the
printer who has the get-up and in¬
telligence to evolve something both
good and different gets the order.
The one in a hundred who swipes the
idea and has another printer carry it
out for him doesn't count. Of course,
Mr. Babione, being unselfish, wants
other printers in other towns to bene¬
fit by his suggestions as he benefits
by theirs — so go to it yourself. Adapt
the idea to your own uses.

Brown Printing Company, Cam¬
den, Arkansas. — It seems that print¬
ers will occasionally set lines of type
perpendicularly, notwithstanding all
that we have had to say against the
practice. Lines of type should be set
as they are read — from left to right on
horizontal lines. This is the most pro¬
nounced fault in your blotter, recently
received by this writer. The white
space is not nicely distributed, and the
display points are so many and so
widely scattered, comprehension is
made difficult. The year-book for the
New Century Club is good in format,
but a lack of understanding of the
application of proportion and balance
to typographic design is responsible
for a certain poor effect. The line
“ Famous Women ” on the cover is
just half way between the monogram
at the top and the bottom group,
breaking up the white space into equal
and monotonous parts. That line
should appear close below the device,
both at a point slightly lower than the
device is now placed, and the bottom
group should be raised slightly — in
fact, both groups should be so placed
that the gap of space is not too great
between, where margins will show no
great variations and, most important
of all, where they will balance each
other. To balance, they should be placed
where they will not give an effect of
being too heavy at the top or at the
bottom. The inside type-pages are
not in proportion to the shape of the
paper-pages, being too wide and not
deep enough to harmonize in that re¬
spect. To accomplish the desired re¬
sult in this respect, and with the copy
furnished, a page of different propor¬
tions, on the ratio of two to three, or
thereabout, should have been selected.
A printer should not determine the
size and shape of his book without
considering the copy and how it makes
up into type-pages, as was apparently
done in this instance. It seems that
your compositor should be able to do
better work by following the styles
of design reproduced in The Inland
Printer. We regret that our individ¬
ual criticisms must be brief, and we
realize this is not sufficient for some.
It should, however, suggest to such
men that they need to study, and there
are a world of books, and articles pub¬
lished in this magazine, which, if they
would study faithfully, would lift them
out of the rut of misunderstanding in
a surprisingly short time.

THE INLAND PRINTER

Piano Pecital

By Pupils of

Miss Cornelia P. Brickhouse

Saturday Evening, June ninth

NINETEEN - SEVENTEEN

8:15 O ’C LOCK

Appropriate and neat treatment of a program title-page by Howard Van Sciver,
Norfolk, Virginia.

P. W. Sharp Printing and Binding Com¬
pany, Thief River Falls, Minnesota. — The cover
of the Moccasin, 1917 annual of The Thief
River Falls High School, is quite unusual and
striking. Printed in green and yellow on rough
black stock, and tied with yellow and black
cords, the effect is good, but would be better
had the yellow of the cord been matched with
the ink. Presswork on the half-tones is poor
throughout, the main trouble being due to lack
of sufficient impression, which was the direct
cause of the “ picking ” that mars the appear¬
ance of the work so much. The forms were
not properly made ready, either, which con¬
tributes to the poor effect ; this being respon¬
sible for the absence of contrast between solids
and high lights, necessary for a snappy appear¬
ance of half-tone illustrations. The advertise¬
ments are also poor, the effect caused by the
use of such a variety of display type in their
composition being very displeasing. The indis¬
criminate use of hyphens, etc., to fill out lines
to a desired length is a point against this part

of the work. Such makeshifts do not serve
the purpose intended, for their difference in
appearance from that of the
type characters, and the dif¬
ference in space occupied and
covered, is so great that the
effect is not obtained — the
space is not filled out. White
space is not pleasingly and
uniformly distributed about
them.

The Inland Printer is
interested in the receipt of
a collection of samples of
printing from the Igorot
Press, Sagada, Mountain
Province, Philippine Islands.

The specimens are the work
of boys in a school conducted
by the Mission of St. Mary
the Virgin, and were sent by
Rev. G. C. Bartter, who is in
charge of the printing-office.

While some of the specimens, as is only natural,
are quite too ornate with superfluous rule and
ornamental devices, others are quite modern in
their pleasing simplicity — type, with only a
touch of the decorative to relieve the severity
which often attends arrangements of type alone.
As a matter of fact, taken as a whole, the
collection is better than many we receive
from contributors in the States, and Rev.
Bartter and his proteges are justified if
they feel that they are doing reasonably
good work. Many of our readers complain
of conditions under which they are now
working, but they should ponder over this
excerpt from Rev. Bartter’s letter to the edi¬
tor of this department: “The press is sit¬
uated in the mountains of the Philippine
Islands, five thousand feet above the sea level,
four days’ travel from Manila, among the wild,
uncivilized people of the interior. Our equip¬
ment is, of course, very limited, and it takes
from four to five months to get fresh supplies
from the United States. While the printing
department is in my care, the foreman is a
young Igorot who has been trained in the
Mission, and he is assisted by boys from the
school. You will no doubt observe that we
are careful students of The Inland Printer.
It is not necessary for me to state how much
we appreciate your excellent journal ; it takes
second place only to the church paper.” On
the letter-heads and bill-heads the type-sizes are
rather too large.

From the Saint Bride Foundation School,
London, England, we have received a large
portfolio of specimens of students’ work, which,
in our opinion, is the best collection that has
come from that source. A few years ago Brit¬
ish typography was in a rut, the quality be¬
ing inferior in every respect to that done in
the United States, Canada and other countries.
Modern ideas now seem to dominate and type-
work is on a par with excellent presswork. The
St. Bride school is comprehensive in its scope,
presswork, lithography, offset printing, esti¬
mating and cost accounting all being given
thorough attention. On account of present con¬
ditions, all men above the age of eighteen being
in the trenches or at war labor back of the
lines, the school is making its appeal to boys
from fourteen to sixteen, especially. In look¬
ing over the courses of study, and upon exami¬
nation of the specimens sent us, we are certain
that the results will redound to the credit of
those having the work of instruction in charge.
The school appeals to employers to send their
apprentices to the classes in order that the
specialized work of the plant may be supple¬
mented by instruction in other lines. An inter¬
esting specimen is “ The History of Printing,”
by R. A. Peddie, in booklet form, the work of
students in the school. As stated above, typog¬
raphy on the work sent us is good.

^or/oli cR^otary Qlub
LUNCHEON

SIXTY cents

Vfame.

Interesting and simple card arrangement by Howard Van Sciver,
with Eugene L. Graves, Inc., Norfolk, Virginia.

THE INLAND PRINTER

THE PRINTER'S PUBLICITY

BY FRANK L. MARTIN.

This department will be devoted to the review and constructive criticism of printers’ advertising.

Printing of Today.

Modern printing’ is a thing distinct from that which
constituted printing of a few years ago, and this is being
emphasized by most of the printers’ publicity now. To
dispel the too common idea that printing is merely the
product of so much type, ink and paper, the advertising
material of many of the best printing concerns is being-
devoted to an educa¬
tional campaign as to
what constitutes good
printing and how that
printing can be most
advantageously utilized.

House-organs, brochures,
leaflets, blotters, cards,
etc., have found a com¬
mon text for their mes¬
sages on printing and
that text is “ Service.”

Behind all first-class
printing must be the idea
of service, and this mat¬
ter of service in printing
has a wide scope. It
may consist of putting
character into the work
of issuing a mere bill¬
head, or the furnishing
of a competent copy
reader to whip into
proper shape the adver¬
tising copy of a business
man, or the execution of
a big advertising cam¬
paign, complete from an
expert analysis of the
product down through
the preparation of copy
and other stages, includ¬
ing the best mechanical
treatment in printing.

One gets a clear idea
in reading the publicity
material being sent out
by printers of the won¬
derful development that
has recently been made
in this business. Print¬
ers generally have kept
pace with the develop¬
ment of advertising and
selling methods. They

have not been content to wait for printing jobs to be
thrust across their counters, but they have developed and
exploited the direct advertising idea with such successful
results that advertising service departments have become
necessary adjuncts.

While, as I have already said, service in printing
consists of many things, much of the publicity is being

concentrated on this ad¬
vertising service that the
printers are now able to
afford their patrons. It
is a form of publicity
that should get results.
Numerous business men
would be in the market
for good printing if they
only knew how to use it.
Quite naturally, when
the printer shows them
how, there will be an in¬
creased use of printing.

“ Letting Out the
Light.”

The Goodrich Print¬
ing Company of Toledo,
Ohio, makes use of an
attractive folder to tell
prospective patrons in
an informal manner of
the art service that it is
now able to furnish in
the production of printed
material. Such a folder
as this one unconsciously
invites reading. Open it
and you have before you
one member of the firm
urging another, both in
picture and conversation,
to tell the public about
the ability of their artist,
the necessity of illustra¬
tion in direct advertising
and how his services,
along with the expert
service provided in all of
the other departments of
the plant, are at the dis¬
posal of persons who
want good p r i n t i n g.
That inner-room discus¬
sion between the firm

THE INLAND PRINTER

members forms the text for the small piece of publicity
about Goodrich Printing Company service. It is an inter¬
esting style which could be used often.

They have just returned from lunch when the vice-
president of the firm calls the attention of the other mem¬
ber to the fact that they are overlooking a good bet and

We had just returned from lunch a few
days ago, when Mr. Albrecht, Vice-President
of The Goodrich Printing Co., said to me:

“Goodrich, I'm satisfied that we’re over¬
looking a good bet. We’ve got a commodity
of which the public is not aware, and it’s up
to you to make a noise about it.”

"I believe you’re right, Fred,” said I, hav¬
ing a hunch as to what he meant. “I guess
we’ve been keeping our light under a bushel.”

“You know it isn’t every print shop that
has an art department in connection with it.

Fig. 2.

that every print-shop hasn’t a first-class artist who can
help give good printing service and that the fact ought
to be advertised.

“ You know as well as the public,” says the vice-presi¬
dent later on in his argument, that modern advertising is
valueless without illustration. Cold type-faces don’t attract
business today.”

In addition to the art service which this publicity copy
is seeking to emphasize, the “ conversation ” is made to
refer to several other details of service that can be pro¬
cured at the Goodrich plant. For instance, the idea of
“ making a noise ” about the art service doesn’t stump
the member to whom the task is to fall, for the firm is
accustomed to preparing all sorts of advertising material
for customers. And, again, it is hinted that much that is
to be gained from the employment of expensive advertis¬
ing agencies can be dispensed with when buying from this
plant, because of their service and the advice and help they
give the ordinary business man in the buying of good
printing. Besides calling attention to the advantages to
be gained from the expert work in all departments, the
folder is in itself an argument for the use of direct adver¬
tising, because of the faith the firm members express in
this one particular piece in bringing results.

The effectiveness of the folder lies in its originality
and, at the same time, saneness. The printing is above
the average, done in purple on lavender stock. The title,
“ Letting Out the Light,” is hand-lettered and below is a
drawing, in colors, of light escaping from the bushel (Fig.
1). Two sketches are used to illustrate the text, one on

If the foregoing explanation of the possi¬
bilities of our plant has favorably impressed
you, we will welcome an investigation, feeling
convincecLof a mutual benefit.

The Goodrich Printing Co.

Four-forty-three Huron
Toledo, Ohio

Printing that leaves an Imprint.

Fig. 3.

the last page showing the firm’s artist at work (Fig. 3).
That the folder has proved profitable to a gratifying
degree, as the firm states, is easily believed.

Franklin Complete Service.

The Franklin Printing Company of Columbus, Ohio,
has issued a folder to advertise what it terms the “ Frank¬
lin Complete Service.” The extract quoted below gives a
good idea of how the printing business in general has
expanded and how this particular company — as well as
many others — have gone into the direct advertising field,
with the result that it is ready to assume the responsibility
of supplying in every detail the advertising and printing
needs of a business concern. (Read Fig. 5.)

In giving what might be called this extra service, a
service of expert advertising, the Franklin Company does
not allow you to lose sight of the fact that the product
will also be the result of fine printing. No matter in what
form or by whom prepared, your message must have good
printing, it insists. It says:

“ The strength of a message is in its being read. To
be read it must first appeal to the eye. It must have exact
balance of text, illustration and quality of paper that, at
first glance, impresses the people. The printed effect must
please. Perhaps your message requires a simple, neat

THE INLAND PRINTER

folder or booklet, printed in black ink; perhaps a more
elaborate creation printed in many colors. But fine print¬
ing — always.”

The Fi-anklin Company’s own folder meets all of the
i-equii-ements just set forth. Certainly its printed effect
pleases, and it is my guess that it will be read by any

you with the good quality of printing and the careful
attention to all details essential to printing that most
likely is given to all orders executed by the firm. In dis¬
cussing printing service as it l’elates to this individual
plant, the brochure says:

“ The Robinson-Wright Printing Company attributes

Give your message a chance
to make good

NEXT TO PERSONAL CONTACT and a sample ol

your product, the combination of effort be£ fitted to
increase sales is the careful preparation of reasons why the
prospect should choose your produd, plus the putting of those
reasons on paper in a manner designed to attrad the class of
buyers you want.

^J| PRINTING IS THE MEANS of delivering your sales-message.

The end sought is profitable results. You judge the means by the
end. If the printing used draws buyers to you, the efforts at getting
buyers have been justified. It is when responses are scarce or nil that
effort at preparation has largely been wasted. Lack of some essential
(as viewed from your prospect’s side) has rendered void that which
otherwise might have brought a golden harvest.

(][ THE STRENGTH OF A MESSAGE is in its being read-
by the people you wish would buy your goods. To be read it
muSI firil appeal to the eye. It muSt have that exact balance of text,
illustration and quality of paper that, at firSt glance, impresses the people
you want it to impress. The printed effedt must please. The effed
needed to please depends upon prosped and produdl. Perhaps your
message requires a simple, neat folder or booklet, printed in black ink.
perhaps a more elaborate creation printed in many colors. But fine
printing— always.

U GIVE YOUR MESSAGE A CHANCE to make good, by

clothing it in type, illustrations, ink and paper truly representative of
your product, that it may be a compliment to the intelligence of your
prospect and. by its very appearance, instill into his " buying mind " a
high regard for you and your goods. Your message will then have
attained its purpose — it will have made good.

USE THE FRANKLIN COMPLETE SERVICE to make
■“ your pnnted matter the be£t for your purpose. We specialize in the
preparation of forceful Direct -by- Mail Advertising. We suggest atten¬
tion-getting ideas for illustrations and display. Details covering the
preparation of drawings, designs and plate making are cared for by us.
If you desire we will prepare or edit the text. These services are exe¬
cuted under your direction, and during the progress of this work our
Service Department becomes an active part of your organization, receiv¬
ing just as much of your personal attention as you may care to give.

Let us show you the advantage of using Franklin Complete Service to
make your printed matter best for your pursos-. Write,
wire, telephone— or use the inclosed card.

The Franklin Printing Company

COLUMBUS. OHIO

Ff.nldin Building, 33 Vt'eu Guv Sired, Columbus Obi o
New home ni The. Franklin Printing CvmPanu (foimerly located el 65ki Fail
Gey Sired and known »i The New FrjnUw Printing Con, pony). I0.WH) jouaie
feet of flout apace de»o:ed 10 die production ot wuiliug that‘» hefl lor your purpose

DVERTISING is a part

business - a means to an end
and not tbe end itself

Fig. 4.

person who has any interest in print¬
ing from an advertising standpoint.

The Franklin building, the new
home of the company, is shown by a
half-tone print tipped on the second
page (Fig. 5). A circular carried in
the folder describes the new plant as
a cheery, healthful, comfortable work¬
shop with new equipment to work
with, which suggests good output.

“At Your Service.”

With “ Sex-vice ” as their motto,

R. W. Robinson and A. W. Wright
have built up a printing business in
Trinidad, Colorado, that represents
now an investment of $50,000, as com-
pai-ed to $100 capital at the time the
plant was established in that city
twenty-five years ago. In At Your Fig. 6.

Service (Fig. 7), a brochure which is
the first of a series of direct-by-mail advertisements that
the Robinson-Wright Printing Company is going to issue,
the history of this plant and the success it has attained in
a quarter of a century by religiously devoting itself to the
matter of service is set forth. The make-up and typo¬
graphical appearance of this piece of advertising impress

Fig. 5.

its success to an everlasting and un¬
tiring effort to make each and every
piece of work undertaken one of qual¬
ity in every respect, and by making
the most of every order i-eceived —
fi-om the smallest card to the hand¬
somest bound book — has built up
the largest general printing and
blank book manufacturing establish¬
ment in the Southwest.

“ Let me reiterate the thought that
I wish to emphasize in the foregoing-
paragraph : ‘ By making the most of

every piece of work undertaken.’
That spells service. Service and R-W
ai-e synonymous, for the R-W plant
is the house that service built. Ser¬
vice is the tangible asset that is now
on the job building this institutioxx
larger and still larger from year to
year. [Good argument for service.]
“ This is the kind of printing and service you are glad
to pay for, and you x-ealize that it is cheaper by far in the
long run.”

The first page contains a group picture of all of the
employees of the plant, disclosed, as you pick up the bro¬
chure, through a cut-out in the cover-page (Fig. 7). The

THE INLAND PRINTER

reader is then taken on a personal visit to all of the heads
of departments, beginning with the partners, Mr. Robin¬
son and Mr. Wright, on page thi'ee (Fig. 8). There is an
individual half-tone of each gi’ouped on one page under
the title “ Us.” The departments, advertising, pi’essroom,
bindery, composing-room, sales, accounting, etc., are then
taken up in order and you finish reading with the assur¬
ance that for a small city Trinidad has an exceptionally
complete, well managed and well manned printing-plant,

Fig. 7.

advertisers. Each blotter carries the familiar trade-mark
or design of some well-known manufacturing concern,
ranging from automobiles to shingles, and the advertise¬
ments tell how this printing firm has aided each in carry¬
ing out extensive advei’tising campaigns. Hei’e is a
significant excerpt from one relating to the Barta Press
seiwice :

“ For your own campaign, local or national, we can
relieve you of all details of plan, copy, illustration, engrav-

1 XTVMVK years ago He was Iw.lli M.cces>fi(l and for-
■ i I" I nuidad l>oasicd of from ' lunate in M-uiriiie "die ri.-lu man”

IrowB habitants, many small Mr. A \V. WRIGHT- an e.u\u-
(rame buifdinys, and a dozen or so five, organizer, thinker and tireless
farsighted men who had faith in her worker whose previous training in
future and possibilities. Colorado corporations, ns an cxecu-

Among i h<' l.icterwAfS R. \\ fiveandbusinesshuiiderhadqual-
KQI5INSON, who with a capital ot ified him to assume the (by no
<ioo.oo, and a determination and means small) task of managing and
stick-to-itireihss beyond capitaliza- increasing this sturdy young busi-
tion, started Trinidad's First Com- ness.

mercial Printing plant — now The A more compatible team has yet
Rohinson-Wriciit company. to work together. “Bob,” Isom anJ
With "n r: ire" as his motto, anti raised in the printing business, and
by living up to it from “S to li, ' knowing all the ins and outs of the
business increased so rapidly that in craft, assumed supervision of t h e
-a few years the small basement mechanical department, while Art.
room -in which the business was whom fate (?) or fortune (?) had
born- - became inadequate for the dccrccdfortheofficennddtsk.as-
rapidly increasing trade and a more sumed the duties thereof, in con-
comtnodiotis building obtained. junction with “hustling” for more
In a few months after moving to business.

130 East Main street, business in- As a result of the careful guid-
creascd to such an extent that the ancc of these two men the business
duties and rcsjxonsibilities became has been s a f e I y steered thru the
too much of a load for one man to rocks of .•Hlvcisitythat ofttimes cap-
carry, when Mr. Robinson decided size the young or carelessly man-
tbat a keen-minded business man, aged industries,
wide-awake and aggressive, would Seven years ago the old building
, materially assist in building up the would no longer house them, and a
business to the point set by his am- larger, better buildin.-— our [>re>-
bition and aspirations. He therefore cut home at att-j.t.t I i't Main
began casting about for yurh a man was built according to plans a n d
as a co-partner. specifications having u tendency to

Fig. 8.

able to give the buyer of pi-inting a service that can
usually be found only in the larger centers.

The brochure is 9(4 by 12%, a size somewhat too large
for convenience. The cover is in brown and green on
brown cover stock, and a good quality of book stock is
used on inside pages. A wide border in blue is used to
good advantage throughout the publication.

The Barta Press.

The Barta Press, of Boston, is one of the printing
firms that is calling attention to the complete service that
it is pi'epared to offer all patrons, in the attractive and
unusual publicity matei’ial that it is sending out. En¬
closed in a four-page leaflet are half a dozen small blot¬
ters, each a miniature from an advertisement forming
part of a campaign that the company has been running in
the Boston News Bureau. Says one of these exceptionally
well printed blotters :

“ On the solid foundation of a time-tested knowledge of
the best in printing art, we have built an organization
thoroughly equipped to cooperate completely in the client’s
entire selling plan. We are always prepared to show
how this kind of service can be applied to your selling
problem.”

The other advertisements, reduced in size and trans¬
ferred to the blotters, show what the Barta Press has been
doing in furnishing printed material for big national

ing, printing and mailing. No matter how big or little
your campaign, our oi’ganization is equipped to handle the
whole of it to your complete satisfaction.”

The advertising of the Barta Press ought to pull.
When it couples the fact that the company has had a part
in the direct advertising campaigns of such widely known
business concerns with the constantly emphasized thought
that it can cooperate with you in every detail for putting
on similar campaigns, it successfully instils a confidence
in the character of the printing it does, but, more than
that, offers in addition a proof of an immensely practical
service that it is able to give.

In the leaflet accompanying the blotters the Barta
Press tells its patrons and prospective pati-ons of the dif¬
ference between cheap printing and good printing, pro¬
claiming that the only economical printed matter is the
kind that is read.

“ You overlook the obvious truth whenever you get
more interested in the first cost of printing than in the
final cost of your px-inted publicity,” it is stated. “ You
know that the first cost is insignificant compared to the
final cost of getting the message across to the l-eaders.

“ You know that printed matter must be read before it
can produce sales. Remember this every time that you
are tempted to make the trifling preliminary saving that
may make the whole effoi't a total loss.”

THE INLAND PRINTER

REVIEW OF PRINTERS’ ADVERTISING.

BY FRANK L. MARTIN.

Enclosed in Ohio Print, the house-organ of the Ohio Printing & Pub¬
lishing Company, of Massillon, Ohio, is a patriotic blotter, printed in red,
white and blue, with an attractive border of flags, on which there is
found this interesting dissertation on “ Printin’ and Printing ” :

“Printin’ is just what it sounds like — sloppy, slipshod, who cares,
anything goes sort of stuff, with pale ink, battered type, uneven margins,
and all of the other atrocities which we see every day on a piece of
printin’. It’s just printin’ — that’s all.

“ Printing is the other kind — full-inked, clean-faced, carefully bal¬
anced, properly displayed. It is sent out in the hope that by its own
attractiveness it will bring in more jobs. There are still some printers
who do printin’. We do printing.”

The calendar card of the Marchbanks Press for August has a short
article dealing with the effectiveness of proper type arrangement. It
declares that while most of us read newspapers, busy persons do not read
the advertisements for they do not look inviting enough. The same thing
holds true of circulars, the card asserts.

“ Now, all of these can easily be made attractive and legible,” the
Marchbanks Press says. “ It only requires some thought as to the idea
to be conveyed and the way to present it. We read a piece of copy before
we attempt to set it. Common sense and good taste are all that are
required to properly arrange your printed message.”

In a small folder the Marchbanks Press draws a comparison between
the knowledge that goes to make good printing and the mastering of the
piccolo. When you learn to play a piccolo, all you have to do is to learn
the eight notes of the scale, and when you have mastered these you can
play anything. Similarly, the folder says, twenty-six arbitrary little
signs making up the alphabet, properly memorized, go to make up the
printing business. But the musician who spends all of his time in per¬
fecting his grace in the use of eight tone relations does not always suc¬
ceed, and so it is in printing. This firm does not claim to know all there
is to be known about printing, but says it has surrounded a few principles
that admit of as many variations as the musical scale, and these are
adapted to printing problems.

Among the interesting features of Eclipse, the house-organ of the
Eclipse Electrotype & Engraving Company, of Cleveland, Ohio, in the
July and August numbers, are picture-stories describing “ What you get
for a dollar ” when you order a zinc etching and another on “ What you
get for two dollars in buying a half-tone on copper.” In the first are
shown nineteen processes by illustration, and in the second, twenty-two.
Besides the effect of making the buyer feel sure that he is getting his
money’s worth in buying from the Eclipse, these stories give an excellent
insight into the process of making plates that ought to be of interest to
the users of cuts.

The August number of Eclipse points out that it is the patriotic duty
of the public to cease hoarding metal in the shape of useless half-tones,
electrotypes and zinc etchings and release a vast accumulation for war
needs. If this is done, it is noted that there will never come a time when
the Government will have to restrict the use of metals.

The Foster & Parkes Company, of Nashville, Tennessee, is helping
in the “ more business ” propaganda by sending out a blotter of striking
appearance. The blotter is in red with a thin white border, and on the
left the figure of a trumpeter in blue. Across the enameled back in large
white letters appears this : “ Keep Business Normal.”

There is an increasing tendency among printers to enlighten the buy¬
ing public in their advertising literature regarding the fact that the sort
of printing that gets the desired results is that which possesses quality —
the kind that takes time, study, care and greater expense to produce. The
Monroe Printing Company, of Huntsville, Alabama, is doing this in an
excellent folder which it has recently issued. “ The sweetness of low
prices never equals the bitterness of low quality,” is one of the axioms it
prints. Service first, rather than price, gets the second order, the com¬
pany adds. The Monroe Company asserts that it strives to see how well
and not how cheap it can do printing, and that this method has saved
patrons money in the run of the year and a “ heap ” of peace of mind.

The company appeals to business men to individualize their stationery.
For producing letter-heads that will give the best impression, the firm
maintains a special department to provide expert service to customers.
The folder is made distinctive because of the make-up and colorwork,
and the contents, brief and to the point, leave the reader with a clear
idea of the value of quality printing.

Aside from the inserts advertising office supplies handled by the com¬
pany, the August number of Sterling Impressions, a publicity folder
issued monthly by the Sterling Printing Company, of Fremont, Ohio,
contains little that would tend to interest a buyer of printing or that
would even cause him to have the remotest thought of printing. Perhaps

1-6

it was not intended to do either, yet it is set forth in the flag that the
publication is issued “ in the interests of those who desire good printed
matter as well as in the interests of the Sterling Printing Company.”
There are three articles in the small folder, all reprint. One is on the
subject of “ Promises,” another on “ Thrift,” and the third deals with
how far one can see, ending with a moral. As a piece of publicity, we
have our doubts about the returns it will bring to the reader or to the
printing company.

Much is heard within the printing trade of the merits and even neces¬
sity of a cost-finding system, but seldom do you see it cited in publicity
material as an argument for printing jobs. The Wayne (Neb.) Herald
Job Printing Department, in its blotter for August, tells the public
that in that shop, as a result of the cost-finding system, customers are
assured a uniform charge per hour for all time spent on any particular
class of work. “ We know to a penny our hour-costs in each depart¬
ment,” says the company, “ and charge only enough to cover the cost and
a very reasonable profit. No overcharge to one patron to compensate
for loss occasioned by too low a charge to another. Our system’s the
reason.”

The U. S. Bank Note Company, of Indianapolis, operated by Levy
Brothers & Co., in a circular recently issued, tells why business must be
greatly increased in this country as a result of war expenditures, and is
preparing for a big increased activity in printing occasioned by orders
expected from business concerns. The optimistic trend of this piece of
publicity work, emphasizing the confidence the company has in the busi¬
ness future, is shown throughout, and, incidentally, by the statement that
despite the withdrawal of men for military service, the stringent scarcity
of paper and other materials, and the unprecedented demand for sta¬
tionery products, the firm is determined to sustain its service in every
particular, and is prepared for overtime and night shifts to meet the
constantly growing demands, if they are necessary to give the proper
time and individual attention to each customer's order.

IMPROVING INDIVIDUAL EFFICIENCY.

The productivity of industry is not increased solely by
the improvement of tools and organization. While it is
important that every worker shall be supplied with the
most effective tools, it is still more important that every
worker shall be individually developed to a high degree of
intelligence and efficiency, for that is not only a means to
an end, but the very end itself.

Industrial development of itself naturally raises the
level of living conditions. The withholding of capital
from direct distribution by investing it in more and im¬
proved equipment, as we have seen, is not a permanent
withholding, but eventually increases the supply of goods
for consumption. But the increase can be multiplied over
and over again by increasing the efficiency of the workers.
Employers are coming to see that there are direct results
in productivity from policies which call out the willing and
interested cooperation of the wage-earners. The employers
who lead in the adoption of up-to-date equipment are likely
to also lead in liberal policies toward labor. It is becoming
a common thing for important business houses to provide
for the broad education of their employees, on the ground
that they can not afford to have inefficient help. This is a
natural evolution, but one that will move with increasing
rapidity as it produces results, and as the progressive ele¬
ment by the sheer superiority of its methods comes into
larger control of industry. The employer who is not enter¬
prising enough to have up-to-date equipment can not sur¬
vive in the long run against the competitor who has it, and
the employer who does not know how to win the loyal sup¬
port of his helpers will fall behind for the same reason.

There is the same division of opinion among employers
as to policies toward wage-earners as there is in the public
mind over the question of price regulation, and in the pub¬
lic attitude toward capital accumulations. One view puts
the emphasis upon immediate results, upon division of the
present product, while the other view emphasizes the possi¬
bility of enlarging the product. — The National City Bank
of New York.

THE INLAND PRINTER

ESTIMATING COSTS ON JOB-WORK.*

BY G. F. DARROW.

HAVE never gone into the utmost refine¬
ment of a cost system where the expense
of operating- it would be more than the
profit derived by the country printer, but
I use a plan of ascertaining- costs which
I think has a basis of plain common sense
and the elementary principles of good book¬
keeping. The question before us when we
are asked to figure on a job is, “ How much will be the
cost of producing it? ” and we must understand the items
of costs which enter into the job in order to answer it
intelligibly. In the first place, there are certain expenses
that can not be evaded. They are generally denominated
as “ fixed charges.” Now let us take a hypothetical news¬
paper plant also doing jobwork such as we are all familiar
with — a regular run of work, in fact.

Suppose this plant does a business of, say, $7,000 a
year, $3,500 of which is advertising and subscription
receipts, and $3,500 job-printing-, and its equipment is
worth $5,000. You will find that there will be certain
regular expenses that must be met. Let us enumerate
them and their probable amount each year:

Rent . $ 200.00

Insurance . 100.00

Fuel and light . 100.00

Power . 150.00

Gas or gasoline . 75.00

Depreciation, ten per cent on $5,000 . 500.00

Repairs . 50.00

Freight and cartage . 50.00

General expense, such as postage, telephone, taxes, bad debts,

office help, water rates, rollers, rags, oil, etc . 375.00

Salary of self . 1,200.00

$2,800.00

The only two items that I think any of you would seri¬
ously question might be the item of depreciation and the
salary of the manager. Regarding depreciation, I think
the average of ten per cent annually is too low rather
than too high. Regarding the salary of the proprietor,
he certainly is entitled to as much pay as his best man,
and as much as he would expect to receive were he work¬
ing for any one else. The evasion of this item is respon¬
sible for a very loose way of estimating costs, and a cause
for disappointment when the year’s business is summed up.

We have now arrived at the fixed charge of $2,800,
which would be properly divided between the newspaper
end and the job-printing end, and as the receipts of each
are supposed to be $3,500, $1,400 of the overhead charge
would be properly charged to each.

We next arrive at the first basis of cost, and if you
are figuring on a job costing $35, your first item should
be $14 as the cost of doing business. In order to simplify
matters, I go farther in my system and add to the over¬
head charges for the year the entire cost of labor charged
to job-printing, and divide this by the total number of
hours devoted to job-work for the year, and this gives you
the hour-cost of your labor. In a country newspaper
office this cost of labor will be from 80 to 90 cents an
hour, and this is a proper basis to figure as its cost on
job-work. If then you add other known items of cost, such
as paper, ink, etc., you will get closely at the cost of the
job. If you add to this a certain proper percentage for
profit, you should arrive at the price you would ask your
customer for a job.

*The substance of an address delivered by G. F. Darrow, publisher of
the Opdensburg (N. Y.) Advance, before the Northern New York Press
Association.

Now, this system is all right to apply to the job for
which you give a price after it is finished. The difficulty
is to apply it to jobs on which we have to bid. With labor
at almost a dollar an hour it is important not to make a
mistake as to the time it takes to do a job, and in many
cases it must be a matter of experience and judgment. I
am prone to say that most of us, in our eagerness to get
work, underestimate this item. The foreman is usually
apt to be oversanguine, and I have found that it is the
safest way to add about twenty per cent to the time of
your most careful estimate. There are bound to be con¬
tingencies that you can not foresee. Your customers will
make changes in proofs that you do not dare charge extra
for. You may be dissatisfied with some portion of the
job and want it reset yourself. You may have to wait
for proof while the press is idle, or there may be changes
in lock-up. If you are estimating on cylinder presswork
after a liberal allowance for make-ready, 750 or 800 im¬
pressions an hour is all that should be allowed. On job¬
bers, 800 to 1,200, according to their size, is probably
correct. Personally, the item that I have had the most
trouble with is locking up and justifying forms. I think
in this I have made more errors in my estimates than in
any other element of the work, and feel sure that others
have erred in this respect in like measure.

Great care should be exercised to include in your esti¬
mate every item of cost. It is a very easy matter when
figuring up on a piece of paper to omit something that may
knock your profit off its feet. In order to avoid that I
have a blank prepared, on which is printed every item of
cost that is likely to enter into a job. This blank I use
for figuring every job upon which I am called to make
a bid. The first division of the blank is for stock and
should record all the stock used on the job and its cost.
There is a charge for cutting stock which frequently is
not allowed for, and the time spent in cutting cards for
small jobs is often surprising. There should be a profit
charged on stock of from ten to twenty-five per cent.

There should in many jobs be an allowance for spoiled
stock and waste. When this allowance is called for it
should be at least five per cent. I do not know that any
other division calls for special mention till we get to ink.
This is frequently overlooked, but it is a considerable
aggregate item of cost and should be included in every job
which goes through the plant.

My method of procedure with every job is as follows:
The copy for the job is sent to the job-room in a large
envelope with instructions regarding it and with the num¬
ber of the job upon it. In the office I preserve a record
blank of the job with the same number upon it. Each
employee is provided with a time-ticket and records the
exact amount of time employed on each job. These time-
tickets are returned to the office each day, and the amount
of time and any other information is entered on the job-
record blank and added up, giving the actual recorded
cost of the job. Compare the actual itemized cost of the
job with your previous itemized estimate of the job and,
believe me, you will often have a lesson on the proneness
of man to error, and a graphic illustration of the differ¬
ence between estimated and actual profits.

If you carefully keep these records, and study them,
your ability to correctly bid on work will increase. You
may sometimes lose a job that you would otherwise get
at a loss, but as we are all in the business to make a liv¬
ing and not for glory, it is just as well to let the other
fellow have a taste of pure glory, while you gather in the
profit yourself. The advantages made possible by the profit
will remain long after the glory is forgotten.

THE INLAND PRINTER

By John J. Pleger, Author of “ Bookbinding- and Its Auxiliary Branches."
Copyright, 1917, by John J. Pleger.

The purpose of this department is to make printers better acquainted with the foundation principles of good bookbinding. Inquiries of
general interest regarding bookbinding will be answered and subjoined to these articles. Specific information can be
arranged for by addressing Mr. Pleger, care of The Inland Printer Company.

Stamping Ribbon.

There comes a time when every finisher or stamper is
called upon to stamp either silk or satin ribbon for badges.
The cutting of the ribbon in desired lengths is, of course,
the first operation. The ribbon is cut large enough for
two badges. If the ribbon is two inches wide and a six-
inch length is desired, cut a piece of binders’ board twelve
and one-half inches long and about three inches wide.
Wind the ribbon around this board six or eight times, then
take a sharp knife and separate it at the folds on both
ends. Repeat this until the required number of strips
have been cut.

The next operation is to cut a feed-board on which the
ribbon is to be laid before placing it in the stamping
machine. This is done by cutting a piece of No. 25 tar-
board for the bottom and a piece of card or pressboard for
the top, each five by twelve and one-half inches. Cut a
strip of book-cloth two by twelve and one-half inches, place
the tar and pressboard together, glue the strip of cloth
and cover one end so that one inch will be attached to both
boards. Now cut a strip of cardboard one inch wide and
the length of the board, and glue it onto the inside of the
tar-board even with the edge which is opposite the cloth
hinge.

Glue the dies to the machine platen, or if type is to be
used, lock it in the chase as has been described in a pre¬
ceding installment. Place a ribbon on the feed-board, lay
it on the bed of the machine with the cloth hinge to the
back and with one inch of the feed-board extending beyond
the bed. This extension will facilitate feeding in the sub¬
sequent operation. Run down the machine and center the
die or type on the ribbon. As the ribbon is cut for two
badges set the gages for the left on the right side, and
the gages for the right on the left side. The back gage
should be a piece of brass rule; this can be glued to the
bed or laid on, the two slotted rear gages placed on top
and the two bolts tightened. Now take an impression on
the pressboard and cut out the board where the impression
has been made so that the type or die will pass through
the opening when stamping. When this has been done,
regulate the impression on the ribbon, and turn on the
heat from one-half to three-fourths of an hour before
stamping begins.

It is sometimes advisable to take a blank impression
before sizing to facilitate laying on the gold-leaf, and lay¬
ing down the fuzz, or nap, where the gold is to hold. If
this is required, great care must be taken so that the
second impression registers exactly with the first. This
can best be accomplished by inserting, from beneath, a
pin on each end of the tar-board. Place the ribbon on tho

board and pins, and then take an impression. Before mak¬
ing the second impression, the ribbon is placed on the pins
in the holes made by the first impression. This method
prevents doubling of impressions in stamping.

For gold stamping, use any of the glairs or sizes pre¬
pared for that purpose. Place a liberal supply in a china
bowl, take a soft sponge or camel’s-hair brush and apply
the size to the ribbon. Too much will cause the ribbon
to curl and too little will not hold the gold — - a little expe¬
rience will soon enable one to judge the right amount.
The strokes should be even and the same place should not
be gone over more than twice. When the ribbon is sized
it should be laid out on a board and left to dry.

The laying on of the gold or metal must not begin
until the size feels dry. If blanking has been resorted to,
proceed with the operation of laying on; if not, take a
strip of board the length of the ribbon and mark it as a
guide for laying on. If metal is used, oil need not be used;
and for gold-leaf it should be used sparingly, as it is likely
to stain the ribbon.

After the laying-on operation has been completed take
the first ribbon, lay it between the feed-board and place
the feed-board in the machine. If all is ready for the
stamping operation, proceed by feeding the feed-board first
to the right, then to the left, or vice versa. Should any
portion of the die or type fail to adhere to the ribbon the
probability is that the machine is not hot enough, pro¬
vided, of course, the size used was of the proper consis¬
tency and has been applied as directed. Should that be
the case, allow the machine to become a trifle hotter and
try another ribbon. If the machine is too hot the gold
will have a brassy appearance and blister. A little ex¬
perience will soon enable one to determine the proper
degree of heat. When all has been done as directed, pro¬
ceed with the stamping by feeding the feed-board on which
the ribbon has been placed in the machine to the right and
then to the left. During the operation it is well to wipe
the surplus gold from one occasionally so as to be sure
that the proper degree of heat is maintained. Should any
portion of the die or type fail to adhere to the ribbon, place
another piece of gold-leaf on top and take another impres¬
sion, but somewhat slower this time. The utmost care is
required so that the second impression is exactly on that
of the first. When all the surplus gold or metal has been
removed, take the ribbon to the cutting-machine, trim both
ends and cut them in two.

Another method of stamping ribbon is with gilding or
finishing powder. To do this, proceed as above described,
but, instead of using the liquid size, sprinkle the powder
on the ribbon. To lay on the gold, take a book containing-

THE INLAND PRINTER

the gold-leaf and cut it up into convenient strips. In sep¬
arating the leaves, one side will adhere to the tissue paper
and it can be lifted with the fingers to the ribbon in the
proper place. Place the feed-board, with the ribbon be¬
tween, in the machine and take an impression; remove the
tissue paper, place the feed-board in the machine a second
time and take another impression. The second impression
will give the gold-leaf the desired luster. The machine
must not be as hot as when stamping with a liquid size.

Some stampers prefer to lay the gold-leaf on the press
or cardboard frame, which requires more feed-boards to
lay on enough to keep the stamper busy. To do this, rub
a little oil on the frame after the ribbon has been placed
between the feed-board; and lay the gold-leaf on top. In
this case, the gold-leaf must be cut long enough so that
both ends touch the frame. This method requires but one
impression, and leaves the gold bright. Badges stamped
with powder will not hold the gold as well as those stamped
with a liquid size.

The feed-board methods given above, although produc¬
tive of good results, are considered too slow by many
stampers. The following seems to overcome all possible
objections which can be made against the above methods.
Cut the ribbon, as above described, and an equal number
of pieces of thin cardboard, straw, pulp, or binders’ board.
Cut the board twelve and one-half by three and one-half.
Count off ten to twenty pieces of board, far or run out
one end about three-sixteenths of an inch and apply a
thick paste; then take off two boards and place the pasted
end of the one on the unpasted end of the other. Repeat
this until all the boards have been so laid. Take the first
boards, open them up and place the ribbon on the board
even on one side with the right side up. Repeat this with
the balance and lay them on top of each other; the weight
of the board will stick the ribbon to the board. If the rib¬
bon is two inches wide, one and one-half inches of board
will not be covered by the ribbon which is used as the feed
end. This method dispenses with the feed-board as above
described for the other methods. The danger of the ribbon
curling is entirely eliminated. The laying-on operation is
the same as above described. There is less danger of
doubling impressions when blanking or patching must be
resorted to. When all ribbon is stamped, trim off one-
fourth of an inch on both ends and cut the ribbon in two.

Trimming Heads and Tails of Blank Books.

A California printer writes: “I shall be pleased to
know the reason for trimming the heads and tails of
blank books after the books are rounded. We trim our
books on all sides before the books are rounded.”

Answer. — Blank books are usually trimmed on the
fore-edge, colored or marbled, glued upon the back and
rounded. The hinges are then made and the books pressed
on the round for a few hours. They are then taken from
the press and strapped with leather fleshers or goat splits
and allowed to dry. After the books are thoroughly dry,
the heads and tails are trimmed by filling in the concave
on the fore-edge and the convex on the back with scrap
paper. Several layers of strawboard are placed on the
top to take up the swell in the back. The book should be
placed in the machine with the back to the right so that the
knife will cut against the back. After trimming, the books
are colored or marbled and the remaining operations con¬
tinued in their regular and logical order.

This method gives a perfectly smooth edge and elim¬
inates “ starts,” which are so common when the books are
trimmed all around, due to uneven jogging before or after
gluing the back. On marbled work, the books must be

rounded before marbling can commence ; any other method
would result in distorting the pattern. There is no objec¬
tion to trimming the books all around, provided care is
taken in the subsequent operations. The best shops trim
the books after strapping, in order to produce the very
best results.

To Determine Number of Sheets to be Folded in a
Section for Patent-Back Guards.

A North Carolina printer writes: “We have a small
bindery and have frequent calls for patent-back blank
books. We sew the sections on guards and are puzzled to
know how to determine the number of sheets in a section
on the different weights of paper. We seem to make the
mistake of getting too big a bulge in the back.”

Answer. — To determine the number of sheets to be
folded in a section for patent-back guards, fold five sheets
and lay the folded edge against the folded edge of the
guard ; lay your thumb or finger on top, and if they appear
to be equal in thickness, proceed with the folding; if it
appears too thin, add one sheet; if too thick, remove one
or more sheets. The thickness of the section should be
equal to the thickness of the guard when folded. Avoid
too thick a thread in sewing, especially on thick books.
On thin books a certain amount of swell is required to
produce a satisfactory round. On thick books too much
swell is objectionable, hence care must be taken in the
selection of the thread and the folded section must never
be thicker than the folded guard. If anything, it should
be just a little thinner than the guard, to provide for the
thread in the fold of the section. After the sections are
sewed to the guards, they should always be pressed before
the second sewing is attempted.

Round- Corner Lapper.

With this round-corner lapper, any bookbinder can,
with very little practice, turn in more than twice the
number of round corners and do much better work than by
the old way of turning in with a folder. It will turn in the
leather on flexible or stiff covers, from the smallest pocket
memorandum to the largest blank book. It is made with
different-sized ends, adapting it to any size cover or any
thickness of leather. It can also be used on cloth, duck
or paper covers. The tool is cut very accurately, finely
polished, nickel-plated and does not easily break or wear
out.

Roll Cloth Cutting Table.

This contrivance will take six rolls of book cloth up to
forty-two inches. The rolls of cloth are held on iron rods,
which are fitted in the uprights on the frame and can be
removed at will. The cloth from any of the rolls passes
down to the bottom of the frame under a pressure roll and
over the table. A cutting groove or slot lined with steel
is near the pressure roll. A measuring gage, marked off
in inches, which is set according to the desired length, is
on the table. The cloth is pulled up to the gage and the
knife pulled through the cloth in the steel-lined groove of
the table. This operation is repeated until the required
number of pieces have been cut. They are then taken to
the cutting-machine and cut into widths as required. This
table is very handy in any bindery.

Book Cloth Cutting Gage.

This device is made to gage and cut book cloth from the
roll. The arms are marked off into half inches up to
twenty-four inches. The length of the cutting edge, which
is faced with brass, is forty-two inches. There is a raised
handle-bar twenty-four inches long which makes it con¬
venient to handle. This gage can be used to advantage in
any bindery.

THE INLAND PRINTER

Written for The Inland Printer.

A HAVEN FOR EDITORIAL BRAIN-FAG.

BY EDGAR WHITE.

EOPLE have long noticed that the news¬
papers of Oklahoma were characterized by
breezy, optimistic expressions. Things are
always going all right in the new State of
the West. The rains come just as needed,
the chinch and potato bugs stop at the
state line, and when a farmer takes a
notion he wants to rest up a bit or take
his family and go traveling he walks over his big estate
some morning, taps an oil gusher and lives luxuriously on
the royalties therefrom.

That is what one gathers from reading the Oklahoma
newspapers, and he wonders how all these pleasant things
come about. Now the secret is out — the secret of why all
these pencil-pushers of Oklahoma are always seeing the
rainbow and cashing in on its promises.

Editors who toil day in and day out, with never a rest,
do not see the rosy tinge of life. Their fountain of imag¬
ination dries up and they become mere machines. Edgar
S. Bronson, long the efficient and popular secretary of the
Oklahoma Press Association, realized this fact and com¬
mented on it to his brethren of the press. While admit¬
ting it was true, they asked what he was going to do
about it.

“ I have an idea,” said Mr. Bronson.

“ Yes? ”

“We need an editorial home among the mountains,
close to some good fishing-holes, with plenty of shade and
green grass, where we can sit and smoke and listen to the
song of the birds and the frogs — if you want to call it
singing — and see the sun rise in gorgeous splendor above
the snow-white peaks, or go down in amethyst, ruby, sap¬
phire and all the colors those five-cent-a-word writers tell
us about, with nothing in the world to do but enjoy our¬
selves. We will have a push button, and while sitting out
on the broad veranda in a big easy chair, a courteous
servitor will fetch us more cigars and lemonade and ginger
snaps, and other necessaries of life, and every day will be
one glad, sweet song.”

“ Sounds good,” cried the editors, “ but it will cost
money.”

“ Sure, but I have that worked out, too.”

And so the press gang of Oklahoma has just com¬
pleted Mr. Bronson’s dream castle or editorial clubhouse.
It is 45 by 145 feet, with two stories and a roof garden.
There are ten guest-rooms, a community kitchen and cots
for 200 guests. A man is there on duty all the time, and
the editors are privileged to go and come when they please,
at a nominal expense. It is putting into absolute com¬
mission Mr. Bronson’s plan in every detail, and because of
it the editorial brain of Oklahoma has become rejuvenated
or re-created, whenever the machinery runs down, and the
toilers go back to their desks and write all those nice things
you have been reading about their State.

But, you ask, how was the thing done? Whoever heard
of a lot of editors raising $15,000 just for a playhouse?

The idea was one which puts Mr. Bronson in the class
of real promoters. Of course, it was worked out with the
loyal assistance and support of his brethren of the craft.
Every editor in the State was asked to donate a certain
amount of advertising space. This they did cheerfully.
There were 221 papers that entered the plan. The space
donated would figure up, at regular rates, $16,000. Then
Mr. Bronson tackled the big job — which was to sell that

space for cash. It was a campaign to his liking. In a
remarkably short time he had closed deals for $15,000
worth of advertising, and the clubhouse and grounds were
assured.

The haven for editorial brain-fag, as some wag of the
profession has nicknamed it, is at Medicine Park, Okla¬
homa, nine miles north of Fort Sill, at the edge of Fort
Sill government reservation. It is at the foot of Mount
Scott, in the Wichita Mountains. On the other side of the
mountains is a government preserve. There is a fine
stream near by where the editors can catch bass and all

Edgar S. Bronson,

Secretary, Oklahoma Press Association.

sorts of fish. The selection is a good one. It is an inspira¬
tion, and the editors all go home and write fine stories
about it. So pleased are the Oklahoma editors over the
haven, that the latch-string now hangs out to the entire
editorial world to visit them and make themselves at home.
It is the one place where hospitality reigns on high and
everything is conducted in a manner that will make you
feel the Oklahoma press gang is mighty glad to see you.

Mr. Bronson, who managed this deal, is a Missourian.
He and his partner, N. A. Nichols, have for ten years or
more been associated in the publication of Oklahoma
papers. They are operating the Canadian Publishing
Company, which gets out the El Reno American, which
has over 7,000 readers.

Mr. Bronson began his career as a newspaper man in
Oklahoma by issuing the Thomas Daily Tribune in what
was practically a corn field. He says that he did his first
editorial work there seated on a cracker box in a tent,
with a pine board across his knees for a desk. This board
came in handy between times to chase away curious cows
and pigs which attempted to invade the flimsy editorial
sanctum.

“ N. A. Nichols and myself went out to Oklahoma for
the purpose of establishing our torch of civilization in
1902,” said Mr. Bronson. “ We were among a trainload
of people from Trenton, Missouri. The engineman knew

THE INLAND PRINTER

when he had reached Thomas by a man on the right-of-
way who gave the signal. All else was earth and sky.
But, pretty soon, we had visitors. They were Indians,
who came over to see the white brother put up his wig¬
wams and hear the band play.

“ That band, by the way, earned its wage. It went
through the repertoire time and again, and was on the job
morning1, noon and night. The Indians liked that.

“ The tents and shacks were rapidly put up, and our
little daily paper, printed on a job-press, had a circulation
of about a thousand. Some of the Indians came in and
subscribed on account of the patent medicine pictures.

who can read print. In the circumstances, the publication
of carefully prepared Indian stories has been temporarily
postponed.”

Thomas is now a thriving little city, with every modern
improvement. Bronson and Nichols purchased and devel¬
oped large farms about town and made considerable money.
They finally sold out and purchased the El Reno Amer¬
ican, a paper which has become prosperous and influential.

“ I have been in the newspaper game some twenty-five
years,” remarked Mr. Bronson, “ during which time I
have been connected with people in the cities and in the
country, but I do not recall any period of my experience

Clubhouse and Home for Oklahoma Editors.

“ It was the most hopeful crowd of people you ever
saw — those Thomas boomers. It was just like a mining
camp where a big strike had been made. They had to put
up with privations they would never have endured back
in Missouri, but out there they took what came and
laughed over it. The first week or so a four-room building
served as a hotel, and the guests were measured to the
inch and allowed to purchase floor space for the night.
There wasn’t a foot of empty space when the patrons
turned in.”

Town lots sold briskly; people came and went on
every train, and the editors of the Tribune had no trouble
to fill their columns with news. It was all of a most opti¬
mistic nature — showing the sunny side of life. The
crowded condition of the hotel was pointed to as an evi¬
dence of coming prosperity. The Indian brother was
treated as a picturesque asset of the land. Before leaving
Missouri, Mr. Bronson secured a pocketful of new sub¬
scribers on the strength of some Indian stories that he
expected to print in the Tribune. After the paper had
run a while, and no Indian stories appeared, the Missouri
subscribers began to grumble. They did not know whether
to regard it as a breach of faith or just as a matter of
indifference. Finally, light was shed on the subject by an
explanation offered in the paper, as follows:

“ Little Chief and Brave Bear, with a hundred Chey¬
enne bucks, squaws and papooses, have arrived and
pitched their tepees around the Tribune office. Many of
the bucks are wearing tomahawks and sinister expres¬
sions. It is said that among them is a stalwart red man

which gave me quite as many interesting thrills as that
when I edited the Daily Tribune in a tent, with a tallow
candle for an illuminating system.”

A LOVE FOR THE ART.

When pressed to adopt the costing system, we have
heard that a good many printers intimate that they are in
business out of love for the art, and that, in such cases as
theirs, to bring hard-headed business methods into conflict
with their culture would be detrimental to their artistic
development. This is scarcely an intelligent view to take;
a man may have a love for his art, but, if so, it is all the
more necessary that he endeavor to protect it against the
influences of cheap commercialism and the evils of cut
prices, for a genuine love of printing should always tend
to the elevation of the trade in both technical and financial
departments. The printer who has a love for his trade and
is yet compelled to work long hours for small profits can
scarcely consider his love genuine, and most people would
likely consider him an enemy of the profession rather
than an admirer. There is an unlimited field of oppor¬
tunity for raising the status of printing, and, at the same
time, making it more profitable. The printer who sacri¬
fices his time and health because he declines to demand a
fair return for his efforts is not a martyr to his love for
art, but a stumbling-block to real achievement and devel¬
opment in the business with which he is connected. — Brit¬
ish and Colonial Printer and Stationer.

THE INLAND PRINTER

N4 4 IIaaaaIAAI'IIaajuIAAI 4 a a Illllllmr

NEWSPAPER WORK

BY J. C. MORRISON.

Editors and publishers of newspapers, desiring criticism or notice of new features in their papers, rate-cards, procuring of subscriptions and
advertisements, carrier systems, etc., are requested to send all letters, papers, etc., bearing on these subjects, to The Inland Printer Company,
632 Sherman street, Chicago. If criticism is desired, a specific request must be made by letter or postal card.

“Insert and Send Bill.”

A concern in Portland, Oregon, recently sent hundreds,
and perhaps thousands, of advertising orders to as many
papers in various States of the Middle West, with instruc¬
tions to insert the advertising for three months and send
the bill. Hundreds of publishers ran the advertising, but
when they sent the bill each one learned that the company
had surrendered its lease on a certain postoffice box, and
that its mail was no longer deliverable. Probably many
thousands of subscribers sent the $1 asked for by the com¬
pany, and have learned that the concern was fraudulent,
and are wondering why the local newspaper admitted such
advertising to its columns. Perhaps they do not know,
and so consider the publisher a party to the fraud. Per¬
haps they do know, and, instead of considering the pub¬
lisher a knave, take the other familiar alternative.

Knowing personally many of the publishers who ac¬
cepted this advertising, I know them to be both honest and
intelligent, and that this fraudulent advertising “ got by ”
just simply because they were “ too busy.” Being “ too
busy ” they took time to do a certain amount of work for
nothing, and also placed themselves in a wrong light before
certain of their readers.

For some reason, there has been a large revival lately
of this “ insert-and-send-bill ” advertising ■ — at least that
is my experience. The time-tried publisher can generally
decide what is fraudulent at a glance, and discards th'e
order forthwith. But, occasionally, its character is not
clear, and then, instead of accepting it, the thing to do
is to write the advertiser the rate, require advance pay¬
ment, and insist upon a statement from a banker, post¬
master or other reliable third party that the business
advertised is legitimate. That will weed out the fraudulent
concern and result in a saving of money and self-respect
by the publisher. Occasionally it will disclose a good
account and a legitimate advertiser who appreciates the
character of the medium which he is patronizing.

There is really no good reason for so much of this class
of advertising being accepted without question by the
country press. An investment of a moment’s time and a
postage stamp will sort the good from the bad, and save
the publisher from committing a serious mistake. The
principal damage after all is not in the small monetary
loss involved, but in the damage to prestige which the
country press thereby suffers. Every such advertisement
carelessly published gives point and substance to the whole¬
sale charges of incompetency too freely heaped upon the
country press in certain quarters. Therefore, the editor
who does not carefully guard his own columns injures not
only himself but the whole fraternity. Not all publishers

guarantee their advertising, though there is no good reason
why they should not, but all publishers can learn to exer¬
cise ordinary business prudence in guarding their columns.

No Money in This, Either.

While on the subject, I recall that I recently noticed
what looked like a promising bit of foreign advertising in
an exchange, and wrote to the publisher as to the source
of the copy (which, by the way, is one method, though
not a very good one, of building up foreign advertising).
The publisher replied, giving the name of an agent who
had departed this life about a year before leaving an
estate of unpaid publishers’ bills. Certainly the owner of
a good live advertising agency, knowing the source of
that advertising, would not be likely to place a higher
value on the space in this paper than the publisher did
himself, and yet the paper has a good news service and is
published in a good field. The publisher is innocent of any
conception of advertising except as it fills a certain amount
of space in the paper and sometimes produces revenue.

Jumbling of Receipts Produces Loss.

My attention has recently been called to the practice of
many publishers, and groups of publishers, of figuring
their display advertising costs low on account of carrying
a large volume of legal advertising at legal rates. Some
years ago, as a member of the Minnesota Committee on
Advertising Costs, I advocated and still advocate — but
only as a rule of thumb method — that advertising cost
may be ascertained by subtracting the receipts from legals,
readers and subscriptions from the gross cost of the paper.
This method was adopted only to establish a minimum, and
find a cost below which the newspaper could not be pub¬
lished except at a loss.

But when the amount of legal advertising is so large
as to produce a considerable revenue, then the method
should not be used, because it gives a display advertising
cost considerably below the real cost as ascertained by
a logical distribution method, and leaves the newspaper
with a display advertising rate which is not compensatory
if the volume of legal advertising drops off.

A publisher recently justified his low advertising rate
to me by citing this method, and on checking over his busi¬
ness I found that he had a very heavy load of legal adver¬
tising. When asked how he justified his high legal rate
on a cost basis, he said he took the receipts from subscrip¬
tions, display and readers and subtracted same from the
gross cost to get the cost of the legals. Of course this
gave him approximately the legal rate as the cost. The
significant thing about this absurd reasoning is that it
shows the widespread tendency to set display rates at what

THE INLAND PRINTER

the publisher thinks he has to have or can get instead of
making the display advertising stand alone. Some very
good publishers are doing this very thing, and are unjusti¬
fiably holding down the standard of display rates. If a
publisher’s rate be below the minimum recently suggested
by the Advertising Committee of the National Editorial
Association he may know that his rate is too low, and
unfair to other publishers, even though a large volume of
legal advertising does make the paper profitable.

Not only individual publishers, but the publishers of at
least one whole State are affected by this false practice.
The legal rate in the State under consideration is higher
than in most other States and the volume of legal business
is also exceptionally large, and this has so reacted upon
the display advertising rates that the prevailing display
rate is lower on the average than in other States.

The false notions as to cost and an adequate display
rate arising out of such a general condition is difficult to
cope with, but the remedy is obvious, and this discussion
is commended to the attention of many strong publishers
who find themselves in the fortunate situation mentioned
in regard to legal advertising. Make the display adver¬
tiser pay a just rate and do not indirectly turn over to
him the profits from legals.

Rate on Supplements.

The practice of inserting ready-printed advertising
supplements into the body of the paper is bad, and, worst
of all, the advertiser usually wants to pay a ridiculous
rate for the service. If a supplement is otherwise unob¬
jectionable, the only fair rate is the regular display rate
less an allowance for composition. If an extra charge for
composition be made, then the rate should be the regular
advertising rate.

The advertiser who conceives the supplement scheme
usually wants to pay only a nominal sum, under the mis¬
taken notion that the supplement costs the publisher noth¬
ing but a little folding and postage, and the publisher who
agrees shows that he does not understand his own busi¬
ness. The advertising on the supplement should carry its
load of indirect expenses the same as any other advertis¬
ing, and since it is presumably just as valuable and cir¬
culates just as far as any other advertising, then it should
pay the same rate in order that the advertising rate of the
paper be not impaired.

Are Foreign Subscribers Worth While?

The foreign subscriber is of practically no value to the
local advertiser, and for that reason the foreign subscriber
is lightly esteemed. Yet no advertiser appeals to all sub¬
scribers, and a certain amount of the advertising is wasted
so far as some subscribers are concerned. Even though
the foreign advertiser be of no value to the local adver¬
tiser, is he not valuable to the general advertiser? We
think so. And yet, if the general advertiser has no dis¬
tribution in the place to which the paper circulates, then
the value of that subscriber to him also is nothing.

But this paragraph is not written primarily to discuss
the desirability of the foreign advertiser, but to point out
the enormous waste which there is in the advertising of
periodicals of general circulation, which they themselves
realize. Some of them are now attempting to remedy it
by reaching after the local merchant, and now is the time
to talk over this whole general advertising game with the
local merchant. Get him to ask that the advertising appro¬
priation of the general advertiser be spent in the local
paper instead of so much of it being wasted in general
periodicals. Point out to him that the money he will spend
to have his name printed among the distributors in a gen¬

eral periodical will be nothing but vanity, and that the
general advertiser himself should back him up instead of
wasting so much money in circulation that goes to towns
where he has no distribution.

The local merchant knows that it does him no good to
advertise for Bill Jones’ trade because Bill moved out West
ten years ago, but still takes the old home paper. Get the
merchant to see that the general advertiser is advertising
to Bill Joneses by the thousand, and when the merchant
sees it, he will be a valuable ally in getting the general
advertiser to see it.

Agent Should Get Only the Commission He Earns.

Various advertising agencies are putting out contracts
which require that the local dealer shall pay one-half of
the cost. It is further required that the publisher get
the approval of the local dealer, do his own collecting and
take his own risks on the account. Yet, under these con¬
ditions, the agency asks commission on the gross amount
of the contract. There would be just as much justice in
the publisher allowing no commission at all, and taking the
stand that the general advertiser is only paying half of
a local dealer’s bill, which has cost the publisher as much
effort as any other local contract.

However, the equitable way, it seems to me, is that
the agent be allowed a commission on the one-half of the
business which he handles, and no commission on the half
which the publisher handles. This much should be in¬
sisted on.

Two Advertising Suggestions.

Just now papers throughout the agricultural sections
are being deluged with publicity aimed to increase the
production or conservation of food. The publisher can
hardly escape using a certain amount of this, and, while
some of it is interesting and valuable, most of it is pub¬
lished from a sense of duty. Yet its publication may not
be wholly without return. I have noticed that some
publishers accompanied articles on canning with timely
advertisements on canning utensils by the hardware mer¬
chants, another had several silo advertisements when he
published the article on silos sent out by the State, using
the article as a lever to pull the advertisements. A timely
article on the use of fertilizer should bring its quota of
advertisements, and when the articles on seeds begin to
appear it will be time to go after the seed merchant. This
synchronizing of reading-matter and advertising will make
both more valuable.

I have often mentioned the necessity of preparing
advertisements in order to sell space, and am surprised
that more publishers do not avail themselves of the source
of copy which they have on their desks. Any pile of ex¬
changes will yield a goodly number of suggestions as to
copy for timely advertisements, and a good advertisement
clipped from a neighboring paper will almost sell itself
to a merchant in a similar line. The merchants like to
see what the merchants in other towns are doing — and
do likewise.

To Get the Correct Names of Towns.

When a person goes away to visit, he does not want
the local paper to misspell his name or the name of the
place to which he goes, and when he has visitors, the
visitor is sure to call attention to an error in the name of
his home town. Accuracy in names of persons and places
is vital to any good news service. The cheapest and
easiest way to get the correct spelling of every city and
hamlet in the land is to get a copy of the Postal Guide
and consult it whenever in doubt. The postoffice depart¬
ment will supply it for a nominal sum.

GVl^the KAISER

Get tlie Kai ser and his brood,

rot* every baby mutilated,
For every maiden violated.

eueiy homestead desolated
Get a rrussian.

Never let the world again
Know sudi deeds are done by men.
Fight or serve or give or feed.
Do your bit for those who bleed.
Every soul can do some deed
To cte£ die Kaiser.

F.HJV.

FRANK H. ALDRICH

D E S I O N E R_

ENG RAVER.
PRODUCE EXCHANGE BLD
TOLEDO-O

SEPTEMBER-1917

The monthly calendars of Frank H. Aldrich, Toledo, Ohio, are always
interesting — the one here shown, in view of present circumstances,
being particularly so. None wield the engrossing pen with greater
facility and effect than does Mr. Aldrich; he is a leader in his line.

A^RAbVATE. VF OBERLIN G.VLLL 6t

NOT ARARVATLb WITH HIGHEST HONORS
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RESIRENAE ON EARTH, WITH AN WERBV5E0F
AMBITION ANB A HANKERING TO GET THERE TO
AOVNTERBALANAE AN VNBERR9SE OF RROFES-
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BVT RLQVIRES A RRORER FIELB OF ALT ION TO A-
ROOSE HIS LATENT TAL.ENT :: RESWRAEFVL —
ORI6INAL — - ENER6ETIL :: :: ::

A&NNTE& WITH SEVEN YEASS VF’

KNVAKLE SOWN EXRERIENAE, POSSESSING
ATHOROVAH KNOWLEDGE OF THE IF5 ANB ANBS OF
ART RERROBVATIVN (AN EBVAATION HARB EARNER
WELL LEARNEB):: NOT A RIAH MANS SON, BVT AOM-
RELLEB BY BIRE NECESSITY TO STRVAALE FOR A-
LI VELIHOOB- HOWEVER -WILLING TO TAAKLE A AOOR
PROROSITION AT A MODERATE WAGE ••

The ensemble vf these stealings

OVALITIES A RAVES AN ORENINA INTO THE
REALM OF ADVERTISING :: IF YOV HAVE THIS 0-
RENINA TO OFFER, MR. ADVERTISING MAN, AMIS
ARE SO DISROSEB, I SHALL A ALL AT YOVR^
AONVENIENAE :: :: :: ::

And NoW for th<5 imbecm-lic oelUse of
£<30T/Sn | humbly &e O Yoon, pardon

An o hope That I May remain

You R5 S/NCERELY

37 2 6 ROHE BY 51, CHICAGO.

c.,

A Hand-made Circular That Brought Home the Bacon.

H. V. Marsh wanted a job. He figured that a college education, talent as an artist and seven years’ experience as a printer should combine to
fit him especially for the advertising business. He could hardly call on all the advertising offices and consequently fell back on direct-by-mail.
His circular, herewith reproduced, is a representation of his own versatility, and the J. Roland Kay Advertising Company, of Chicago, was quick to
recognize his peculiar talents. Mr. Marsh is now a full-fledged member of the Kay staff, writing copy, preparing lay-outs and, perhaps, illustrating.

THE INLAND PRINTER

BY BERNARD DANIELS.

Increasing Costs.

Again the report of the Cost Commission of the United
Typothetse shows an increase in the hour cost of the com¬
posing-room and a considerable amount of non-productive
time as compared with the amount paid for. Year after
year this increase has been shown by the best prepared
reports we have, and it is only an occasional printer here
and there who can boast of a lower cost.

Of course, there are good reasons why the cost of the
printed production should be higher, with paper ballooning
and other materials gone clear out of sight in price, but
is there a legitimate reason for the steady increase in the
labor cost all out of proportion to the amount of the wage
increase? Here is food for thought by our experts and
theorizers, for the practical men seem to have completely
failed in checking the upward tendency of the printers’
factory costs.

Just take a trip through your own plant; then visit
as many of your friends and competitors as will allow you
to make a minute inspection ; make a few notes along the
lines noted below; call your friends and competitors to¬
gether and tell them what you have seen and what you
know about the plant you are running; and discuss the
remedy.

Here are the things you are to look for and note: The
absence of system in handling copy by which men waste
time deciphering it and deciding how to set the job; the
loss of time between departments through lack of good
timing in the passing of work from one to the other; the
lack of discipline and esprit de corps in the plant; friction
between foremen and the attempt to blame each other for
the delays instead of hustling to overcome them; a ten¬
dency on the part of the employees to resent the lack of
tools and material by holding back on production ; a feel¬
ing that the cost system is a lash to drive the workmen,
and a consequent attempt to defeat it.

You will not find all these things in any one of the
plants, possibly not more than one or two in any of the
passably well-managed plants, but if there are a dozen
plants there will be at least eight of these causes of slow¬
ing down of the work and invariable increase of cost.
Yes, you may say, “ Cost of the job, but not the hour cost,
for these things merely increase the number of hours on
the time ticket.” They most certainly do not, for the men
who consciously mark themselves down as dubs and slow
ones are so few that you won’t need a day off to count
them in every shop in the land.

The actual facts are that we are fooling ourselves with
the idea that we are getting efficiency when we are merely
shifting the load from one shoulder to the other. The
cussing and driving of the compositor who spends more
time on a job than was guessed it would take does not
make him move any faster when he is hunting for sorts
or tearing jobs apart to get leads, though it may appear

on his time ticket that he took less time on the job. No
one has or ever will invent a time system that can not be
beaten in a print shop. The greater the drive the lower
the quality of the production, and the less ultimate profit.

There is only one way to secure lower costs in a print¬
ing plant and that is to carefully go over the work that is
being done and select those jobs which are being produced
at a profit and which you wish to continue to do ; ascertain
whether they are similar in character or may be classed
in two or three definite classes; then employ expert ser¬
vice to equip your plant to handle those jobs in the most
economical manner, by providing an abundance of the
material required so that the workmen will not have to
waste time hunting sorts and material.

This would mean that this plant would be able to
handle the class of work for which it was equipped at a
lower cost than could any printer catering to any and
every kind of work. The natural consequence would be
that this class of work would gravitate to this plant and
the cost keep on going down until the true minimum was
reached.

By getting your friends and competitors interested in
the idea it would be possible for each of you to do the part
of the work that you were best equipped for and refuse
the other or take it only to pass it along to the fellow who
could do it best.

No one attempts any longer to compete with the com¬
posing-machine by hand composition, though there were
hundreds of printers who did so a few years ago. No one
in his right mind tries to compete with the card index
and loose-leaf specialists on their own ground, yet it is
only a short time since every printer thought he could do
so. And so with labels, and calendars, and numbers of
other things. As a consequence, the business man who
knows divides his printing orders among those whom he
thinks are able to suit him best, or would do so if printers
did not attempt to mislead him by claiming to be able to
do everything that can be printed.

And this is the true reason for the increasing hour
costs in the print-shop, perhaps we should say principal
reason, for there is another. The master printers have
for years absolutely refused to give proper training to
the men who are to replace the good compositors and the
good pressmen they now have because they considered that
it cost too much to do so. Oh, yes, they have fought the
unions to allow a larger number of apprentices, so-called,
but there are not above a dozen shops in the entire United
States that actually made provision for training the
apprentices they asked for. The mere taking on of a boy
and letting him pick up what he can of the trade until
he asks for more money or until a competitor offers him
another dollar is not training workmen — it is merely ex¬
ploiting boys and making botches to trouble the trade for
years to come. More employers should see this.

THE INLAND PRINTER

If every printer provided the correct amount of the
right material for the kind of work that naturally be¬
longed to his plant and solicited only that kind, the next
annual report of the Cost Commission would show a reduc¬
tion of fully one-fourth in the hour cost of the composing-
room and at least ten per cent in the pressroom and
bindery. This is no guess, but a figure obtained by careful
analysis of the reports of plants which have been run on
specialties and which were properly equipped.

In every other business but printing you will meet the
reply to requests for prices or the attempt to place orders:

Excuse us, but that is not in our line and we could not
give you the service you require.” Is the printer the only
fool manufacturer on the map?

Keeping Tab on Standing Jobs.

Many job-printers have experienced difficulty in keep¬
ing accurate track of the various standing jobs in their
plants, and some have been deterred from holding forms

These cards are filed alphabetically under the name of
the customer, guide cards being provided for the customer
names and the alphabet. Under the name of each cus¬
tomer the cards are arranged so that all jobs of a similar
kind are together, as cards, envelopes, circulars, bill-heads,
etc. When an order comes in, the first thing that is done
is to look up the index and see if it is standing, and, if so,
to note the fact on the copy and the number of the shelf
or slide upon which it is stored, as well as the kind of
type, etc.

About once in every six weeks or two months the sales
manager and the foreman go over the list and decide
which jobs are dead and take out the cards and distribute
the type or junk the metal.

Every time a job is reprinted the fact and date are
noted on the card and thus it becomes a history of the job
for reference at any time, and the frequency of repeti¬
tion is an indicator for the salesman in looking after the
business for that firm.

CUSTOMER ADDRESS

£>escrif*£ion of job.'

NO. UP

PLACE

STORED

DATE

ALTERED

DATE

PRINTED

DATE

DESTROYED

REMARKS

Index Card for Keeping a Record oi Standing Jobs.

for possible reprint orders because of the difficulty of so
storing them that the time lost in hunting them up would
not be greater than the saving from the standing matter,
especially in small commercial work.

With the entrance into the trade of the various type¬
casting machines that make the printer practically his
own type-founder, and provide the means of holding jobs
for future use with reasonable prospect of finding them
in condition to use, the question of the storage and index¬
ing of the standing jobs becomes one of considerable
importance.

One printer who has made a success of handling com¬
mercial work and makes it a rule to keep every form that
is at all likely to be called for again, uses the following
method of indexing. He has a record card three by five
inches, printed as the sample shown on this page, on four
colors of stock. One of these cards is filled out for each
job, giving the date, customer’s name, date job was last
printed, whether there is more than one up, and whether
it is type, electrotype, zinc etching, or composing-machine
product. The latter four classifications are shown by the
color of the card, white indicating foundry type; yellow,
machine product; blue, zinc etching; and salmon, electro¬
type.

In this particular plant the cards are made out in the
office and kept there. It might possibly be an improve¬
ment to have a duplicate list in the composing-room.
Where there are not too many the scheme can be extended
to cover any cuts and engravings of the customer that
may be left with the printer, the only difference being the
addition of another color of card, or possibly, one with
headings suitable for the description of the cut by short
words or tick marks.

Too Many Type-Faces.

One of the greatest drawbacks to efficiency in the aver¬
age printing-plant is the fact that there are too many
type-faces and too little of everything else. The result
is that the compositors waste more time in trying to make
unusual combinations of faces and meeting customers’
requests for certain styles than would pay for a good
equipment of a reasonable number of faces in large fonts
of every size.

Of course, the typefounders will tell us that there is a
real demand for every new face that they produce and
put on the market by means of advertising to the buyers
of printing; but that is only partially correct, as is shown
by the numbers of faces now in the printers’ cases that

THE INLAND PRINTER

are seldom or never called for and used only when all the
others run out of sorts. We are willing to admit that
there is a fashion in type-design that changes from time
to time, and that the present styles are a big improvement
on those of a few years ago; but must also call attention
to the fact that most of the newer designs are unnecessary
for the majority of the printers, who are misled into buy¬
ing a number of similar faces instead of carefully select¬
ing a few that are specially applicable to the kind of work
that they are doing and buying these in large fonts that
will make it unnecessary to pick for sorts.

Naturally, the printer can buy as much as he likes of
any style of type and as many large fonts as he thinks
he can afford, but the fact remains that the average
printer does not buy in this way. Four or five complete
series of properly selected type styles will produce better
printing and give the plant a higher reputation, both from
an artistic and a commercial standpoint, than forty times
as many individual fonts or groups of two or three sizes
of a style.

But the best reason of all for saying that there are
too many fonts or faces is the fact that it is unusual to
see a print-shop where there are not many jobs (both
live and dead) picked for sorts, at a cost that would
frighten the proprietors if they really knew what it
actually is.

Look over your shop and see how much picking could
be avoided and how much money saved if you had large
fonts of all the needed letters and plenty of blanking out
material, so that it would not be necessary to pick or
break up any jobs except in regular distribution order.
The result of a careful inspection and a little figuring will
make you an enthusiast for fewer faces and larger fonts,
or we miss our guess, based on a long period of investi¬
gation.

Estimating with the Foot Rule.

Several years ago a number of printers were inter¬
ested in trying to figure out some way of estimating compo¬
sition by the square inch, and the St. Louis Ben Franklin
Club went so far as to select certain typical pages of
catalog and circular work and figure out a scale for meas¬
uring them by the square inch, but this was only partial
and, while good so far as it went, left much to be desired.
In 1911 The Master Printer Publishing Company pub¬
lished a system of estimating on the square inch principle,
but its circulation was limited because of the high price
of the series of lessons of which it was a part; but every
once in a while the subject is brought up by some corre¬
spondent who is looking for an easier way.

The lessons in question are copyrighted and we can not
give extracts from them in this department, but we can
give our readers an idea of an approximate method of
reaching a safe figure on ordinary job-work and adver¬
tisements. A long experience has proven that average
job-work is usually set at the rate of about eight square
inches per hour from manuscript copy that is fairly well
edited, and that this includes the largest amount of com¬
mercial work and news and magazine advertisements.

At the present time the cost of job composition in the
medium and larger sized cities, where you would expect
to get compositors who would have this speed, is close to
$1.60 per productive hour. Taking these two figures
together we find that average job-work costs 20 cents per
inch for composition in an average shop where the old
method of distribution uses up a big slice of the time that
is purchased from the workmen.

Of course, there will be jobs containing considerable
amounts of small type where this will not be correct, and

occasionally a few that are so open that the compositor
will set fifty per cent more, but these are the exception.

Just try this out on a few jobs and see how nearly
right the result will be. The correct square-inch system
is much more accurate, but this will save the salesman
from making a bad break when compelled to make a hur¬
ried estimate.

Pressroom Versus Composing-Room.

In the endeavor to ascertain accurate costs there is
often a question in the mind of the cost clerk as to where
certain expense items really belong. For instance, there
is the item of registering forms on press where a composi¬
tor is sent to the pressroom and puts in varying amounts
of time that are charged to the job and presumably to
the customer. To a practical man the question is, “ Why
was not that form in register before it left the composing-
room? ”

But there are numerous other kinds of charges that are
in this disputed area: Poor lock-up, bad letters, correc¬
tions on press, forms that work off their feet, and forms
that are springy from bad furniture. Many printers will
assert that it is impossible to prevent these things and
that the righting of them is only part of the general
routine of the printing-office; but the writer believes the
majority of them are preventable with care, and that the
proper place for correcting them is in the composing-room
before they are sent to the pressroom. The pressman is
entitled to receive forms that have been properly corrected,
locked up and planed down, and in cases where this is not
done should receive credit from the composing-room for
the time lost while waiting for the corrections to be made.

Think this over and study the fact that if these cor¬
rections are made in the composing-room before the form
goes to press it only takes the work of one compositor to
make them, while after the form is on the press it takes
the same compositor longer to do the work and holds a
press while he does it at the added cost of the press time.
In other words, the making of a form absolutely correct
as to register, bad letters, lock-up and level on the stone
costs about $1.50 per hour, while the same work done on
the press costs from $3 to $6 per hour, according to the
size of the press, and takes from fifty to one hundred per
cent longer time to do it.

With the modern conveniences for register and lock-up
there is no excuse for any form going to press out of
register; and with the present facilities for having all
good type in every form it is simply criminal to send
forms to press with letters sufficiently bad to demand the
unlocking of the form on press.

A little accurate cost system work by which such things
are charged back to the composing-room - — • and the fore¬
man or superintendent made responsible for the cost effi¬
ciency of his department — would soon eliminate the
biggest part of this expense. The result would be to
lower pressroom cost at once, and would eventually lower
composing-room cost.

HE WAS CERTAINLY THERE.

Currin, a liberal-minded young reporter, had been as¬
signed to cover a town ball. Later the city editor was going
over his copy.

“ Look here, Currin,” he suddenly called out. “ What
do you mean by writing here : ‘Among the beautiful girls
was Councilman Oscar Dodge ’? He isn’t a ‘ beautiful girl,’
you dub.”

“ I can’t help that,” responded Currin, doggedly; “ that’s
where he was.” — Dallas News.

THE INLAND PRINTER

Written for The Inland Printer.

A PRINTER’S CALENDAR.*

BY JAY GLENN HOLMAN.

MONG the many forms of advertising that
have been advocated for the use of the
printer the calendar seems to hold a place
near the bottom of the list in the minds of
many. Perhaps this is because so many
calendars have been put out as advertise¬
ments by printers which were really adver¬
tisements of some lithographing house.
The thought and planning have been conspicuous by their
absence, and so this estimable form of publicity has fallen
into disrepute among printers.

In looking over various printer’s calendars, we find
some few that show the result of study and systematic
thought. They are built to represent the business that
sends them out. There are those fine art calendars which
show the latest advance in color work and which are
treasured as art pieces. They are good advertising for
the house that does the work, but for the small printer
they fall short of the mark. He can not produce such
work himself and therefore creates a false impression.

L .

JHO IS WISE? He that learns
from everyone. Who is powerful?
He that governs himself. Who is rich?
He that is content. Who is he? Nobody.

-benjamin Franklin

The TWIN CITY PRINTING COMPANY believes that if your printing is worth doing at all, it is
worth doing "a little better than seems necessary”. Have you ever had a bit of printing done too gooJ?
116-118 North Neil Street in Champaign, Illinois, and handy to either tc!cp!>one.

1918

JANUARY

1918

SUN MON

SERVICE

TUB

WED

THU

FRI

SAT

QUALITY

The Printer’s Own Calendar.

Reproduction of calendar forming basis of Mr. Holman’s remarks in
accompanying article.

At the other extreme are the simple calendar-blotters
which bear no color reproductions and whose sole drawing
power is in the message they carry. Many firms find
them good advertising and use them extensively. They,
too, are useful in their proper sphere, but we still have,
between these two extremes, a field that seems practically

* Credit is given La Fayette Doerty, Findlay, Ohio, for many of the
ideas set forth in this article. The writer worked with Mr. Doerty on
four calendars of similar design.

unexplored. There is a calendar which by a combination
of artistic typography, appropriate color treatment, and
inviting text will appeal to the prospect and gain his
respect and good will. It is a calendar that does not need
the hand of an artist, nor his brush or lettering pen. The
type, border and ornaments of the well-equipped print-
shop will suffice.

We are reproducing, on this page, a calendar that
comes nearer, perhaps, to this ideal printer’s calendar
than any other we have seen. It is issued by the Twin
City Printing Company, of Champaign, Illinois.

In preparing a calendar to be used as an advertise¬
ment by a printer there are many things to bear in mind.
When competition is keen, it is the man or firm with per¬
severance who wins out, provided, of course, that his
methods are up-to-date. Outside of the house-organ, issued
regularly, what piece of advertising can be compared to
the calendar — again provided it is a good one — in the
way of stick-to-it advertising?

In preparing the calendar let all ideas and plans work
out so as to come as near the ideal as possible from a
typographic, utilitarian and advertising point of view.

Regarding typographic detail in the sample shown, it
will be noticed that type, border and initials were chosen
with an eye to their harmony. By printing the border and
initials in the weaker color they were brought down to the
strength of the type-face. Simplicity governed the make¬
up with a view to readability, and the choice of colors and
stock was made with the same object in mind. It may be
that some will not agree as to the manner in which these
various points are carried out, but allowance must be made
for personal opinion in such matters.

The stock was an antique book, buff, 25 by 40 inches,
60-pound weight, giving a rich effect in harmony with the
type treatment and allowing the colors to show up well,
yet light in weight to reduce postage.

Of course, no one will question the need of this care,
as the calendar is an example of the standard of work
the printer holds for himself, and surely he will do no
better for his customer. And as it stays before his pros¬
pect’s eyes from January first till December thirty-first,
one can not afford to show anything but the best.

Utility, of course, comes first in the eyes of the recip¬
ient and the advertiser can not disregard this point.
Therefore, the calendar proper is allowed to take prece¬
dence in boldness, knowing that it alone is the reason for
its existence as an advertisement. Readers will note the
bold, plain figures, arranged without confusion of rules,
yet with each date distinct and separate, made so by the
judicious use of white space. It can easily be seen and
read across a good-sized room and yet lacks the glare and
plainness of the ordinary large-figure pad. You will find
that each sheet is perforated for ease in tearing off, and
that such treatment guarantees the next sheet presenting
the same good appearance as the first; no ragged edges
being left to mar it. The size of the calendar is a happy
medium between those too-large-to-be-handy ones and those
other too-small-to-be-practical ones. Eight by ten inches
was chosen as this best of all size, but this is not arbitrary.
This calendar was made for every-day use and we have
made it handy for that purpose.

Advertising the printer’s business successfully is a job
that calls for as much knowledge of people and conditions,
the field, etc., as does the most extensive campaign of any
other business. The printer must determine in advance
to what trade he is going to appeal, whether high-class
job-work, publications, office forms, or merely ordinary
cheap work. Few can handle all lines together with

THE INLAND PRINTER

any degree of success. If you have decided to cater to
that higher class of work, folders, pamphlets, stationery,
and direct advertising, with some better publications, then
choose the medium of advertising that will reach the dis¬
criminating men who have the buying of such work.

Circular Accompanying Calendar.

A calendar could be effectively included in your plan
for the year’s publicity. It is the one piece that stays
before your man three hundred and sixty-five days in the
year and constantly hammers in the fact that you do such-
and-such kind of printing. For that reason it must be
your very best.

This calendar gives your customer a concrete example
of the kind of work you can do for him — the strongest
argument you can find. The text is so planned as to bring
to his mind each month a pleasant and pertinent thought,
and at the same time increase his respect for the craft in
general by calling his attention to one of our greatest
American printers, Benjamin Franklin. The advertise¬
ment portion is kept small and unobtrusive, yet distinctly
readable. Few can look at the same sheet for a month at
a time and not read what is printed thereon. Some may
question this last statement, but this calendar has been
tried out thoroughly for several years and has proven
immensely popular with business men. Some have even
wanted an extra copy for their home library. It has pro¬
duced business, both directly and indirectly.

When mailed, the calendar is inclosed in an envelope
bearing an appropriate advertisement of the printer and
is accompanied by an enclosure as shown. The list is
select and each man is made to feel that, as he receives
his copy, he was thought of personally. In connection, a
series of monthly blotters is issued, using the same motto
as is on the current sheet of the calendar.

MAKING MILK BOTTLES OF PAPER.

Preparations have about been completed to land a
knockout blow upon another American institution in the
interests of health and efficiency in the home, states a
recent issue of Scientific American. The campaign against
the glass milk bottle has been fathered by doctors and
health experts, who have united in condemning the old-
fashioned milk bottle as a pernicious germ carrier. They
are demanding that destructible bottles be used for the
distribution of milk in the homes of dairy patrons, so that
they can not be returned to the dairy to be refilled and
sent out another time, laden perhaps with germs picked
up in the first home.

In connection with this rather general movement it is
of interest to note that a new machine has just been per¬
fected by a western inventor which will manufacture paper
milk bottles at the rate of five thousand an hour. This
machine is 97 feet long and costs over $15,000. It is a
radical departure from previous contrivances in that it
manufactures the new bottles direct from wood pulp rather
than from a finished paper, as is the case of practically
all the containers on the market today. This feature en¬
ables it to turn out the completed product at a very low
cost well within the reach of the average milk dealer. It
is claimed that the new paper bottle is cheaper in the long
run than the common glass bottle in general use at the
present time throughout the world.

Only three men are required to operate the machine
and from beginning to end the milk bottle is handled only
by steel fingers, so that the apparatus meets all sanitary
requirements. The pulp used is what is known as mechan¬
ical pulp, but the process does not require exclusively the
high-priced paper pulp. In fact it is said that any fibrous
wood will work as well as the customary spruce, which is
fast becoming scarce on account of the tremendous amount
of it consumed in this country for the manufacture of
paper. Less than half an ounce of wood pulp is required
to make one of the new sanitary bottles and one ton of
pulp will produce 60,000 containers.

The process of manufacture is simple. A steel core
is dipped into a tank of raw pulp and, by means of four
clamps, the pulp is pressed around the core and into a
seamless body, much as a sculptor would press soft clay
into shape with his hands. During this operation the
bottle revolves three complete times, the clamps pressing
at every one-third turn. Thus the paper and the bottle
are formed in one and the same operation. The bottle
next passes through a powerful drier and over a stencil
cut which prints on it the name of the milk dealer, the
capacity of the bottle, etc. It is then removed from the
core by a steel hand and deposited on a belt conveyor
which delivers it to a machine that crimps on the bottom
and top. The bottle is then given a paraffin bath that
renders it impervious to liquid or acid and is automatically
packed in dust-proof cartons for delivery to the dealer.
The operation is continuous and it takes about eight min¬
utes to convert the raw pulp into the completed bottle.

WAR IS - .

A soldier in the English army wrote home : “ They put

me in barracks; they took away my clothes and put me in
khaki; they took away my name and made me ‘No. 575 ’;
they took me to church, where I’d never been before, and
they made me listen to a sermon for forty minutes. Then
the parson said: ‘ No. 575. Art thou weary, art thou lan¬
guid? ’ and I got seven days in the guardhouse because I
answered that I certainly was.” — Christian Register.

THE INLAND PRINTER

REVIEW OF THE U. T. & F. C. OF A. CONVENTION.

BY HARRY HILLMAN.

what undoubtedly proved a record at¬
tendance, especially in view of the fact
that all the usual entertainment features
were omitted from the program, and there
was, therefore, no inducement for those
who were seeking that side only and did not
cai’e for the actual business side, the thirty-
first annual convention of the United
Typothetce and Franklin Clubs of America has passed into
history. Unlike many other events that pass on, only to
be buried and forgotten, the influence of this convention
will be felt more and more as time goes on, as the general
trend of thought and action was toward the improvement
of conditions in the industry in order that it might assume
its rightful place in the business world and prove a more
profitable vocation than it has heretofore been considered.
“Advancement through education ” may well be said to
have been the keynote.

Monday morning, at ten o’clock, the work of registra¬
tion started, and the delegates, alternates, members and
visitors lined up to present their credentials and receive
their badges and entrance cards. At the same time the
Executive Committee and the Membership Committee were
in session. At half-past one o’clock the opening session
of the convention was called to order.

Following the invocation by Dr. H. D. Jenkins, of
Evanston, Illinois, J. Harry Jones, president of the
Franklin-Typothetas of Chicago, extended the welcome on
behalf of the local organization, speaking, in part, as
follows :

“ Representing the Franklin-Typothetae of Chicago, we
welcome you most heartily to this city — a welcome from
Chicago similar to a reception of folks to a home-coming
reunion.

“We in Chicago take pride in being called the parents
of this organization. On reference to the record which
I hold before me I find that the first convention was held
in this city thirty years ago, it being called to order by
Andrew McNally, of Rand-McNally & Co., with William
Johnston, of Chicago, as secretary. Even in those days
our local organization was assisting in the reputation
which later on gave us the title of the “ windy city,” as
I notice on the program of the first banquet seven of the
nine speakers were Chicago men. Since then Chicago has
entertained the convention twice — in 1893 and in 1912.

“ It is interesting to read the record of the years and
find that Chicago has done her part in the contribution of
able men who have helped to shape the policies of this great
work. Andrew McNally was president of the Typothetse
in 1889-90, and C. H. Blakely in 1894-95. Since then
Chicago, either by reason of the modesty of its members
or a lack of presidential timber, has not had a president.

“ Chicago again had the honor of welcoming the printers
of the United States at the first printers’ cost convention,
held in the Auditorium in October, 1909. This was brought
about largely through the efforts of W. J. Hartman, of
this city. Later on the Cost Commission was merged with
the national organization, and our late friend, J. A. Mor¬
gan, was named as chairman, which position he held until
his death last winter. Illustrative of his devotion to the
work in advancing the interest of the craft, was his tragic
death, in which his last spoken words were a plea to the
printers of Chicago to install standard cost-finding systems
in their shops. ‘ Ski ’ Morgan’s memory will always be
revered by those fortunate enough to have known him.”

John E. Hurley, of Providence, Rhode Island, responded
to the address of welcome.

The reports of the president, first vice-president and
secretary reviewed the work that has been accomplished
during the past year, and also set forth the plans for the
future and recommendations for making the work of the
organization more effective and far-reaching. Extracts
from these reports follow:

President’s Report.

“ The United Typo thetas of America, the ancestor of our
present association, came into being some thirty years ago,
because its founders foresaw the necessity for industrial
cooperation to meet the problems of the times.

“ Whether within the vision of these men was contem¬
plated its present activities can not be said by me, but it
is upon the foundation built by these pioneers in the field
of cooperative action that the present organization stands.

“ Time and opinion have wrought many changes in the
association and enlarged the scope of its activities.

“ It has survived its vicissitudes and its errors; it has
grown in numbers and influence, and the evolution from
its original purposes to its present larger field of endeavor
is the accomplishment of the years of its experience, and
its understanding of the need for an enlarged industrial
cooperation constitutes a vital reason for its continuance.

“ The annual conventions of the association mark the
passing of its years, and we are here assembled to review
that which has been done within the year that has gone
into the history of the association, and to direct by the
legislation of this convention the activities of the year to
come.

“ The association has made progress during the year,
and although all has not been accomplished that was con¬
templated at the beginning of the administrative year,
much has been done in developing contemplated activities
of which the future will be the beneficiary.

“ The work of the year just closed has been hampered
and hindered from lack of funds, and present activities
could not be enlarged or new ones inaugurated because of
our financial limitations . . .

“ In the judgment of your president, the most impor¬
tant problem brought to this convention for solution by
its action is that of the amendment to the Constitution
and By-Laws of this association concerning an increase
of the fees and dues.

“ Those of us who have devoted thought to this sub¬
ject and who have studied the situation and been in inti¬
mate touch with the work of the association, and who
comprehend the opportunities for and results to be ob¬
tained from a continuance of present or an enlarged edu¬
cational activity, and the immensity of the task in which
we are engaged, are anxious that the members of this
convention, as well as the members of your association
who are not present, shall be informed as to the manner
and purposes of past expenditures and brought into sym¬
pathy with the desirability and necessity of enlarged
expenditure in the immediate future.

“ With the administrative year of 1913 was inaugu¬
rated the budget method of appropriating the income of
this association to its various activities, and this plan
has been adhered to by each succeeding administration
since that period.

“ In 1912 our total assets were $36,026.40, and our
surplus over liabilities, $25,170.82. At the close of the
present year, as of date August 31, 1917, our total assets
were $27,130.40, and our surplus over liabilities, $13,976.84.
This includes $10,782.93 incurred in promotional expense,

THE INLAND PRINTER

which is carried as a deferred asset. As a matter of fact,
our available surplus is but $3,193.91.

“ In furtherance of the effort in the direction of na¬
tional standardization and uniformity of all our educa¬
tional activities, it has been possible, through cooperation
with the Committee on Apprentices, to bring to comple¬
tion the courses of instruction in estimating and printing-
salesmanship.

“ The authorized course of instruction in estimating,
consisting of sixteen lessons, is now complete and will be
available on October first, next.

“ The course of instruction in printing salesmanship,
also consisting of sixteen lessons, is so far advanced that
it also can be announced as available on October first,
next.

“ The Committee on Apprentices has in preparation
courses of instruction in cost-finding, accounting and ad¬
ministration, in addition to those announced as in readi¬
ness. These also will be available within the near future.

“ Thirty years of history have been written since this
association began its struggle to find the way. In this
space of thirty years the conditions that necessitated its
being brought into existence have changed in many phases,
but the changes wrought have not disturbed the funda¬
mental — the need for collective action and cooperative
understanding.

“ If this be true, and it is true beyond all controversy,
then there is greater need today than ever before in our
industrial life for better understanding of ourselves, our
industry and our fellow craftsmen. Being true, it is vital
that it be made possible to effectively carry the message
to those who have not yet come into the understanding of
the value of identification with and relation to their trade
association.

“ There never was a time in the history of the industry
when men of mentality and energy, of bone and muscle and
red blood, of activity and virility, were so needed as today.

“ There never has been a time when the field was so
large, the mind so ready for the message. There is before
us a man’s job — that which there is to do is of man’s size.

“ If you believe there is need for industrial or trade
associations, and your presence here indicates that you do,
it is up to you to give evidence of that belief by relating
yourselves to the work of this association. This associa¬
tion will give forth only so much as is put in.

“ It is unfair to the industry to accept the benefits of
the protection its activities bring to that industry and
refuse or neglect to identify yourself with those activities.”

First Vice-President’s Report.

“ It is difficult in a report of this kind to convey to the
membership the many important matters arising for solu¬
tion during the year without making a very leng-thy state¬
ment, and I shall not attempt to review the organization’s
entire activities for that reason, but can not refrain from
directing your attention to a few of the important inci¬
dents since the last convention, and, asking your pardon, I
shall take the liberty of a few words by the way of sug¬
gestion for the future welfare of the organization.

“ The three-year plan of enlarged activities has occu¬
pied our attention constantly during the past year, and,
contrary to our most earnest hope and expectation, has
not reached its desired goal at the time of writing this
report, although indications clearly point to its consum¬
mation in the very near future. The secretary’s report
will doubtless fully cover the ground on this matter, but
I can not let this opportunity pass without reminding you
of the excellent cooperation given this movement by those

engaged in the allied trades. With but a single exception,
all the national and local organizations have endorsed and
given their hearty support to this plan, which, without
question, means more to the printing and allied industries
than any movement ever before conceived or promulgated.
It has been recognized as a sound investment that will
unquestionably produce very large dividends in the way
of increased business and bettering conditions generally
in the printing business and all lines of trade connected
therewith, and our inability to announce the successful
termination of the campaign at this time is not in any
way a reflection on the feasibility and practicability of the
plan, but rather is attributable to the physical inability to
appropriately reach all of those interested and secure their
subscriptions before this time.

“ The cost system installation work has been continued
on the same basis as in previous years, but very much re¬
quires the follow-up service that has been advocated for
some time but which our finances will not permit to be
put into operation. The Standard Accounting System,
although long delayed in its development, will shortly be
available for adoption by the membership, and the courses
of instruction which will be brought to your attention in
the report of the Committee on Apprentices, together with
the revision of the Standard Price-List, the adoption of a
Standard Proposal Blank and the approval of a model
constitution for use in the formation of new Typothetae,
will convince you of the increasing activities and useful¬
ness of our organization to its members.

“ The composite statement for 1916 shows the remark¬
able progress made among our members in the matter of
standardized cost-finding. This 1916 report in cost-keeping
printing-plants shows a total of over $15,000,000, as
against $8,889,000 in 1915, and is not only evidence of the
value of continued organization work in cost-finding, but
an analysis of the items serves as a reminder of the in¬
creasing costs in practically all departments, with the
consequent necessity for better prices for our production.

“ Our Cost System, as approved by the Federal Trades
Committee, has attracted the attention of our fellow
craftsmen, the lithographers, with the result that our
expert, F. W. Fillmore, has rendered them valuable ser¬
vice in connection with the adaptation of our system to
their business.”

Report of Secretary.

“ The activities of the national office during the twelve
months since the meeting of the thirtieth annual conven¬
tion at Atlantic City have been of a varied character, but
all tending to the advancement of the welfare of the mem¬
bers in every manner which has been possible.

“ A marked revival in the interest manifested by the
members in the subject of cost-finding has been apparent.

“ The demands for cost installation in the plants of the
members have required the service of the cost accounting
department almost continuously, and the Standard Cost
System has been installed in several plants in Mitchell
and Sioux Falls, S. D.; Kalamazoo, Mich.; Cincinnati,
Ohio; Nashville, Tenn.; Duluth, Minn.; Kansas City,
Mo., and numerous other cities throughout the country.

“ As indicating the awakening interest in the subject,
requests have been made for 1,400 sample sets of cost-
system forms in various parts of the country, where the
individual concerns desire to install the system without
the aid of cost accountants from the national office.

“ Cost-system lecture charts have been prepared for
use in explaining the Standard Cost-Finding System to the
printers connected with local organizations, these charts.

THE INLAND PRINTER

having been arranged on the basis of the average costs,
as shown by the composite statement for the year 1915.

“ A careful checking up has been made from the com¬
mercial agency reports, showing the benefits that accrue
from the use of the Standard Cost System, and the results
of these investigations are given in detail elsewhere on
the program of this convention by Mr. Sleepeck.

“ The improved financial condition of the members
using the Standard System, as indicated by these commer¬
cial agency reports, should be a sufficient argument why
every printer in the country should avail himself of the
cost-finding aid offered by the national organization. . . .

“ There are constantly pouring into the national office
urgent and insistent pleadings for assistance, these calls
coming from cities of considerable size and importance,
and also from the smaller points, asking the national
organization to bring the educational helps to them.

“ The printers express themselves as being weary of
the bad conditions existing, and indicate a willingness and
desire to get together along the lines established by the
national organization to bring about better conditions.

“ Unfortunately, the national organization has not had
sufficient available funds to permit it to maintain a field
force of organizers, and the national office has regretfully
been compelled to defer extending the help demanded.

“ Since the last convention there have been greater
demands upon the Service Bureau maintained at national
headquarters than during any previous similar period.
This department is daily rendering service which it would
be difficult to estimate from the standpoint of dollars and
cents value.

“ While the report of last year shows that a monthly
average of 163 distinct requests for service were complied
with, the record for the past year shows 284 requests per
month — an increase of seventy-four per cent.

“ The total number of estimates furnished members
was 252, the amount represented being $108,815, the aver¬
age of each estimate being $431.80.

“ At the request of members, the Service Bureau is
daily making investigations of various problems and
securing many classes of information relating to the print¬
ing industry, at the same time materially adding to the
data being compiled in this office covering research work
for the benefit of the industry.

“ The Estimating Department has proved a valuable
aid in many ways. The estimates furnished members
have given them the courage to charge the correct prices
for their product; has saved them many dollars by check¬
ing estimates and discovering errors, and has helped to
secure the right price where the customer has raised the
question of the correctness of charges made for work. . . .

“ Following the custom of a year ago and in realization
of the value of a complete census of membership, the sec¬
ond annual census, covering the year 1916, has just been
completed and shows the following results:

Total investment, includes plant, fixtures, paper stock and

supplies on hand . $110,

Total volume of sales . 209,

Total purchase of paper . 84,

Total purchase of ink . 7,

Total pui'chase of miscellaneous supplies (exclusive of equip¬
ment) . 13,

Total purchase of equipment . 9,

Pay-roll — -office force, including proprietor . $14,694,720

Pay-roll — city and traveling salesmen . 3,750,234

Pay-roll — entire mechanical force . 61,826,693

- - 80,

Total number of employees .

259,195

218,162

852,347

504,628

924,607

308,060

271,647

84,327

“ Among the valuable uses which come as a result of
such a census is that of making a comparison of the total

book and job printing of the United States, as revealed
by the government reports. The United States census for
the year 1914 shows that the total volume of book and job
printing was $307,000,000. Assuming that there was a
slight increase in the year 1915, it is apparent that the
membership census for last year shows that the members
of the national organization are producing about sixty per
cent of the total volume of printing in the country.”

Manufacturing Session.

At three o’clock on Monday afternoon the manufac¬
turing session was opened, the first number being the
presentation of the composite statement of the cost of pro¬
duction for 1916 by William Sleepeck, of Chicago. Mr.
Sleepeck’s remarks are given elsewhere in this issue.

The Trend of Events in the Printing Industry.

To Charles D. Heller, of Chicago, was assigned the sub¬
ject, “ The Trend of Events in the Printing Industry.”
In part, Mr. Heller said:

“ Printing is one of the greatest industries in this
country, representing in one form or another almost en¬
tirely the purchasing power of this country, either directly
or indirectly.

“ The printers who are making money today are those
who are specialists. To illustrate my point, take tariff
printers, directory printers, or those equipped with labor-
saving machines particularly and especially built to han¬
dle a certain operation of manufacture, etc.

“ The trend of events in the printing industry is influ¬
enced quite materially by the constructive work of the
United Typothetse and Franklin Clubs of America —
smaller-sized printing-plants are getting together through
the teachings and the influence of this master printers’
organization.

“ These small plants are receiving a liberal education
that tends toward standardization — standards of prices
and business ethics mean something to them — they are
profiting materially. By this I mean that they are obtain¬
ing a justifiable profit .

“ I say to you, gentlemen, the trend of events in the
printing industry is toward the production of direct-by¬
mail advertising, produced by an organization that owns
and operates a printing-plant together with its allied
factors.

“ In the future, when we sell printing, we must sell
service. Let me impress that thought upon you, we
must sell service. We must sell more than just a printed
job. We must sell something of ourselves if we are to
make a success of our business, and we must charge for
the service. Then, again, we are citizens, and as such we
must do many things to help build up our communities.
We must be ready with constructive effort to keep business
at home that belongs at home — we must have the neces¬
sary equipment to produce what is needed. . . .

“We printers must step in and perform a complemen¬
tary service to that now being performed by the advertis¬
ing agency.

“ The printer who by intelligent suggestion enables a
customer to turn out a quality production — quality in
message and quality in appearance — or eliminates waste,
will soon find that increased orders will multiply his profits
many times. . . .

“ It seems to me that we might state that the purpose
of this meeting is to bring about a better understanding
between us, and I want to direct your attention again to
the most salient factor in the printing business today,
which is the production of direct-by-mail advertising by

THE INLAND PRINTER

the printer. I say to you, organize to handle it and go
after business now — now, when many businesses are hav¬
ing an abnormal prosperity. Build for the future - — - buy
insurance for future business — build your product up to
a standard, not down to a price. The trend of events in
the printing industry is specialization.”

Management and Efficiency Methods.

Albert E. Buss, of St. Louis, speaking on the subject,
“ Management and Efficiency Methods,” said, in part:

“ ‘ Preparation ’ is the early slogan of the successful
business man, and we can not apply that slogan any too
soon if we would march with the victorious army of those
who lead in their respective lines of business.

Proper management is a science; it is not acquired over¬
night through some miraculous power, but is attained by
constant study of the problems of one’s business. . . .

Scientific management is a process of every-day applica¬
tion of common-sense principles, combined with accurate
knowledge of one’s business.

“We must not discount the essential things that aid
us in our management, such as the machinery and equip¬
ment; the proper training of the people who are to do
the actual work; the building which houses our equip¬
ment; and, last but not least, the proper care for the
physical comforts of our employees. And may I say, in
connection with the last named, that money spent for im¬
proving the conditions under which your employees labor
returns larger dividends than any other investment? . . .

“ The equipment of one’s plant should be given the
most careful consideration. What is the most useful for
your particular business should always decide what kind
to install. Two of the evils of the printing profession
today are over equipment and wrong equipment. The
man who is willing to specialize is the successful printer
today, in most cases. I do not mean for a moment to
decry the large general printing establishments, as there
is need for them. I am referring to the smaller plants,
which are, of course, in the majority.

“ I recently heard of an example which to recite might
be of benefit to you. In one large city an enterpris¬
ing printer began specializing along a certain line of
embossing work and very soon built up a prosperous busi¬
ness. Several other printers heard of his success, and
immediately put in equipment, until there were eight shops
fighting for what necessarily was a limited volume of
business. The result is that two-thirds of that special
machinery is idle today. How much better it would be
for printers to create new business rather than compete
for old business.

“ Do not buy machinery just because it is new. It
would be well if every local organization had a committee
whose duty would be to investigate all new machinery and
ascertain what work it was best adapted for. This would
prevent many from installing equipment that is unsuited
for their particular business. It is a comparatively com¬
mon thing to see a piece of machinery covered over, and
upon inquiry you find it was bought for a special job and
has not been needed since. . . .

“ It would require many hours to even in a small way
treat the various phases of the printing art, as relating
to greater efficiency. I have endeavored to make you see
the necessity for close study of everything connected with
your business. You can not know too much about the sup¬
plies you use, such as paper, ink, rollers, etc. Keep well
informed concerning improvements made in printing and
binding machinery, and, above all, choose carefully the
executives who are so essential in the development of your
1-7

business. Have weekly conferences with the foremen of
each department. It is surprising what an added interest
they have when they see that you take them into your
confidence. Many a plan has been suggested by a fore¬
man that has revolutionized the business and brought
greater success. May I ask, also, if you are looking after
the training of your apprentices? This is one of the
weaknesses of the craft today, but I am glad to see that
many of the wiser heads are studying this problem, and
some of our local organizations have already started edu¬
cational work that will, in a large measure, overcome this
weakness.”

Selling Session.

At ten o’clock on Tuesday morning the selling session
was called to order, being opened with a short patriotic
speech by Judge Ommen, of New York, who emphasized
the fact that the printer is doing his bit, and doing it well.
Evidence on every hand proves the assertion.

Co-operative Competition.

Joseph A. Borden, the secretary of the organization,
read a masterly paper on “ Cooperative Competition,”
stating that “ a new era is dawning on the business world
— old things are passing away and all things are becom¬
ing new. Nowhere is this more strikingly apparent than
in the printing business. The successful printer of the
future, therefore, the only one who can hope to survive,
is the one who forgets the past and improves his methods
today that success may come tomorrow.

“ Men in other lines have seen the vision and drawn
themselves together in a spirit of friendliness and self-
interest to combat the iniquitous cut-throat piracy and
competition of bygone days, and to reestablish their busi¬
ness on the higher plane of honesty and fairness, resulting
in the square deal to competitors and customers alike.

“ Price-fixing combinations are largely things of the
past, however much they may have been cherished and
relied upon by printers. Federal laws, and many state
laws, have put the ban on such combinations, and the
courts have declared they can no longer exist.”

After reviewing the old price-fixing plan, Mr. Borden
set forth the open-price association plan as follows:

“ So long as it is a well-settled fact that men may not
legally get together to determine in advance what they
are going to do about prices, and that such arrangements
have proved unsuccessful owing to suspicion and dishon¬
est practices, there seems but one remedy left to raise the
printing industry to a position of prosperity and stability.

“ This remedy is known as ‘ cooperative competition,’
or the ‘ open-price policy.’ Under it, competitors may not
agree what they are going to do about prices, but they
may freely tell one another what they have done.

“ It is not illegal for men to meet in good faith and
make a comparison of their costs and selling prices for
the purpose of preventing disastrous competition and of
securing legitimate returns for their product.

“ The subject of the open-price policy is most thor¬
oughly and convincingly set forth in the book by Arthur
Jerome Eddy, ‘ The New Competition.’ Another excellent
book, ‘ Price Maintenance,’ by Thomas A. Fernley, is
most opportune in this connection. Every printer should
make a careful study of those books, particularly if he
joins an association intended to operate under this policy.

“ Under existing provisions of law, the only safe
course for the printer to pursue is to have nothing to do
with any conference or association where the objects and
purposes are not clearly set forth in writing and the rec¬
ords or minutes fully preserved for inspection.

THE INLAND PRINTER

“ The object of such an association being to improve
trade conditions, that fact should be set forth frankly and
without subterfuge. The means to be employed should be
plainly stated and the purposes so minutely described that
a judge and jury could arrive at no other conclusion than
that they are fair, honest and legal, and that they are
intended to accomplish their purpose without any neces¬
sity for resorting to unexpressed understandings, hidden
moral obligations or ‘ gentlemen’s agreements.’

“ The open-price policy fully and amply supplies the
means. It is proved to be sound, sensible and legal. There
is no action involved, no agreement contemplated, of any
kind or character, that is not well within the legal and
constitutional rights of any body of business men.

“ The right of publishing price-lists, the free and open
exchange of competitive bids, the dealing frankly and un¬
reservedly with customers and competitors alike, are rights
which can not be restrained or limited by legislative bodies
or the courts.

“ Congress or state legislatures may enact laws that
in the exercise of these unquestioned rights they shall
not be abused to the detriment of the public, and that busi¬
ness cooperation shall not result in arbitrary and oppres¬
sive combinations, but the right of cooperation itself can
not be prohibited.

“ The right of the members of a printers’ association
to say what they will do regarding prices may not yet be
fully established by the courts and anti-trust laws, but
there has not, so far, been enacted anywhere a law which
will prevent them from telling what they have done.

“ The open-price plan is nothing more or less than an
agreement that the members will make a frank statement
of actual transactions, and actual transactions interest
competitors to a far greater degree than assurances re¬
garding the future, for the reason that assurances are not
generally complied with.

“ The regulations of open-price associations invariably
have a clause, in substance, that ‘ no member of the asso¬
ciation shall enter into any agreement of any nature
whatsoever, the object of which is to restrain trade, limit
production or competition, regulate prices, distribute busi¬
ness, or do any other act which is contrary to the objects
of the association as herein set forth.’

“Another clause reads: ‘ The records of the associa¬
tion, its files, its correspondence and its meetings, shall
be open at all times to any public official who, in the per¬
formance of his duties, is legally authorized to investigate
the workings of the association, the fundamental objects
of the association being perfect frankness and openness in
all dealings among members and in all dealings with cus¬
tomers and the public.’ ”

“ Creative Selling ” was the topic handled by Brad
Stephens, editor of Direct Advertising , and this was fol¬
lowed by a discussion of business conditions and their
relation to the printing industry after the war.

Business Conditions and Their Relation to the
Printing Industry After the War.

Speaking on conditions in Canada, John Stovel, of
Winnipeg, said: “There is really nothing extraordinary
to relate, certainly nothing discouraging. It would not be
correct to say that it is ‘ business as usual,’ for there is
nothing as usual nowadays. But with us, at any rate,
it is ‘ business with a greater earnestness than ever.’

“ You are familiar with the paper difficulties that
printers all over have had to contend with for the past
two years, but notwithstanding this and the disarrange¬
ment of labor through heavy enlistment, I can not recall

that a single print-shop in Western Canada had to close
its doors. On the contrary, some of us were optimistic
enough, or foolish enough, to put up large establishments,
larger indeed than we would dare dream of ten years ago.

“ I know of no trade in our country that responded
more largely or speedily to the call to arms than ours.
As an instance, I may mention that from our own estab¬
lishment over fifty out of a staff of 250 are in active ser¬
vice, many of them taking part in every battle from
Ypres to Lens. Their trials and dangers have been many,
but their letters show not a word of complaint or regret,
but a cheerful determination to stick to the job until
the enemy is vanquished, and the freedom of humanity
assured. Under ordinary circumstances the withdrawal
of fifty men would cripple an establishment like ours
almost to a standstill, but with such earnestness did those
who remained at their tasks apply themselves to their
work, that the fires have been kept not only ‘ burning ’
but the pot boiling at high pressure.

“ At the outbreak of war we had our jolts, amounting
to almost a stampede, largely due, no doubt, to the uncer¬
tainty of the paper market. The spirit that I have men¬
tioned has restored conditions, if not to normal, to a sane
and healthy state. Our people have found themselves —
they no longer dream — they work, and they have learned
the valuable lesson of doing away with non-essentials.”

The same subject was taken up by George H. Saults,
of Winnipeg.

“ Immediately following Canada’s precipitation into the
war a ‘ Business as Usual ’ slogan was promulgated,”
said Mr. Saults. “ The theory was that by maintaining
an optimistic and cheerful mind we could prevent a want
of confidence and consequent slump in opex-ations. As the
seriousness of the struggle developed and its continuance
lengthened, more attention was paid to the war and its
pi’oblems than was given thereto when the ‘ Business as
Usual ’ slogan was first propounded. Along with the work
of how best to marshal Canada’s resources to help the
Allies defend democracy and perpetuate freedom came
a more careful, a more prudent method of conducting
business. The speculative and uncertain accounts were
sifted out. This new method meant more cash sales and
shorter credits, l-esulting in a minimum of loss from the
distui'bed condition of business that resulted during the
fii*st war year. This care in i-egard to credits brought
about a distinctly healthy condition in the printing busi¬
ness. The majority of buyers were people and concerns
who had carefully thought out their purchases and were
in a position to pay for them — and pay promptly. The
uncei’tainty of affairs and the willingness of the average
buyer to agi’ee that very little credit, if any, should be
extended, helped the printer into a condition that would
under normal conditions have taken years to attain • — -
namely, a safe and sound basis of operation.

“ Our experience in this x-espect should encourage the
printers of the United States to minimize their credit
extensions. The present unusual conditions can be used
as an excuse for asking cash where short credits were
pi-eviously given, and for cutting down extended credits
to very limited periods. War conditions afford an argu¬
ment that is sound and effective.

“ Printing, apai*t from a few special lines and a cer¬
tain class of publications, has not decreased in volume in
Canada since war began, thus demonstrating that in war,
as in peace, printing is an essential constituent of a
nation’s life.

“ The paper-mills of Canada have been most prosper¬
ous during the past three years, and it is whispered that

THE INLAND PRINTER

the jobbers are also ‘ doing quite well, thank you.’ While
it is a favorite pastime to take a rap at the jobber be¬
cause of increased prices, it is but fair to say that he
has been forced by the mills. True, many a jobber bene¬
fited by having good stocks on hand when the mill increase
became effective, or by having the courage to buy heavily
at an opportune moment. No sound objection can be
taken to the extra profits made in this way. Jobbers up
our way, by agreement, sell at a uniform price, which is
a good thing. The mills have cut out a great many lines
and colors, all of which tends to a more uniform pricing,
and is, therefore, a general benefit to the trade.

“ Our labor supply has been rather severely cut by
enlistment. This has been overcome to a considerable
extent by the employment of females, particularly in the
press and proof rooms, and by the loaning of help when¬
ever possible. Special emphasis might be placed on this
latter method. It is practicable where friendly relations
exist — which, by the way, should be everywhere.

“ Scarcity of help, along with the H. C. L., caused
employees to get busy and boost their scales. We have
had to meet an increase of from $22 to $25 a week for
printers and pressmen. A request for $27 was made.

“ By the way, the effective manner in which the unions
operate suggests the advisability of securing their coop¬
eration in an endeavor to place the printing business on
a profitable foundation. By employer and employee work¬
ing together, the price-cutter and the irresponsible might
be eliminated. Think this over.

“ Being a producing and selling nation, Canada has
profited by the war — financially — but has suffered heavy
losses in man power. We look forward to a healthy, pros¬
perous condition after the war because of our vast unde¬
veloped resources and the fact that there will then, as
now, be a ready market for our products.”

The discussion was then taken up by several others,
the general opinion being that the great number of men
being taken from the plants would cause a shortage of
labor, and that methods must be devised to overcome or
make up for this shortage. Efficiency must be increased,
and labor-saving methods applied in order to enable those
who remain to increase their production.

The Value of Service.

“ The Value of Service ” was the subject assigned to
Charles H. Mackintosh, of Duluth, who spoke, in part, as
follows :

“ The manufacturer must sell to wholesaler or jobber
before he can continue to manufacture; then the whole¬
saler must sell to the jobber, and the jobber to the dealer,
and the dealer to the ultimate consumer. Clog one link
in the chain and the whole motive force of merchandising
comes to a standstill.

“ The term ‘ salesmanship ’ — like ‘ charity ’ — covers
a multitude of things. We recognize, without analysis,
that it includes the functions of the traveling salesman
and of the retailer’s salesman or ‘ clerk.’

“ It is because we know that so much man-power will
be diverted from these two branches of salesmanship that
we have become apprehensive as to the probable effect upon
industry as a whole. But of late years there has been
developed a means of mechanically multiplying salesmen
just as manual laborers have been mechanically multi¬
plied by machinery.

“ This mechanical multiplication of salesmen is better
known as advertising . Just as the function of the sales¬
man is to introduce and to explain, to arouse desire and

to direct demand upon supply, so is it the function of
advertising to do precisely these same things.

“ But, while the salesman is presenting his message to
one prospect, the same message, mechanically multiplied
upon the printing-press, may be presented to tens of thou¬
sands of prospects.

“ The answer to a famine of salesmen is a flood of
advertising, prepared with greater skill and distributed
with keener discrimination than ever before. . . .

“ Advertising is the answer to the threatened failure
in our national system of distribution ; more and better
advertising to the consumer to offset the loss of retail
sales aggressiveness ; more and better advertising to the
dealer to replace the traveling salesmen who have been
called to the colors, and to enable those who remain on
the job to do double and triple duty.

“ Now the great present need of industry is for men
who understand and can apply the principles of advertis¬
ing to distribution. And, since a very great part of this
new advertising is to be of the direct-by-mail variety,
there is no chance for the bluffer. The direct-mail adver¬
tiser must make good on every piece of advertising he
prepares — or else support the proof of failure.

“ Time was when we sold printed paper at so much
per page or per pound. Now we must be prepared to sell
printed salesmanship, practically at. so much per sale,
since we may not sell two failures in the same market.

“ Three years ago it was my privilege to demonstrate
to the satisfaction of several hundred members of the
Northwest Printers’ Cost Congress that the profitable
printing of tomorrow would be divided between the adver¬
tising agent who was also a printer, and the printer who
was also an advertising agent.

“ Now, hastened by the emergency of war, it becomes
obvious that the profitable printing of today will go to
the printer who can make it profitable, and that soon there
will be practically no other sort of printing.

“ For yet a little while there will be an era of experi¬
ments, but, swiftly and surely, the national need for rapid,
resultful mechanical multiplication of the means of creat¬
ing demand will cause practically the entire national de¬
mand for profitable printing to gravitate into the hands
of service printers.

“ Now, those of us who are not equipped to render
this sort of service which builds business by making each
order sell the next, are confronted with two alternatives:
We may install service departments of our own; or we
may combine, through our city, state or national organ¬
izations, to create central direct-mail advertising agencies
to serve our clients through ourselves.

“ In either event, there can be no bluff about it. We
must get men who know their business and who can prove
their knowledge in results to our customers. An adver¬
tiser may be lenient about ineffectiveness in advertising
which is merely an insignificant adjunct to a highly organ¬
ized sales force, but when it becomes his principal sales
agent it must either make good or it will carry him down
with its failure.

“ And so, during the emergency of war times, at least,
our service must pay for the printing or there will be no
need for further printing.

“ Long before the end, even the most conservative of
us will be getting out for business or getting out of busi¬
ness. And not for long shall we be able to get out for
business with any hope of success unless we are able to
use expert direct-mail advertising service as the basis of
our salesmanship; and to sell, not printing, but the in¬
creased business which our kind of printing will produce.”

100

THE INLAND PRINTER

Reports of Committees.

The report of the Legislative Committee, presented by
John Clyde Oswald, of New York, evidenced the fact that
the members of that committee had spent a busy year,
many matters regarding legislation of various kinds re¬
ceiving their attention. An extra amount of effort has
been required on the proposed increase in second-class
postage, the effect of which would be to the detriment of
the industry in general, inasmuch as it would cut off a
great amount of printing. This matter is in a rather
unsettled state at the present time, and it is difficult to
state what the outcome will be. United action is neces¬
sary if this unfair and unjust act of legislation is to be
defeated. A resolution, protesting against the increase,

apprentices, as one is led to suppose, but, on the contrary,
cover the entire field of education as related to the print¬
ing industry. The report recommended the change of
name to “ Committee on Education,” which would be far
more appropriate and would more nearly indicate the
actual work the committee is doing.

Executive Session.

Among the various items of business before the execu¬
tive session on Wednesday morning was the question of
changing the name of the organization, several amend¬
ments to the constitution for this purpose having been
presented by local bodies. The present name, United
Typothetse and Franklin Clubs of America, is considered

Benjamin P. Moulton, Arthur E. Southworth, Fred W. Gage,

President. First Vice-President. Treasurer.

Newly-Elected Officers ol The United Typothetae of America.

was presented, and received the unanimous endorsement
of the convention, copies being immediately telegraphed
the congressmen and senators comprising the Conference
Committee at Washington.

The Trade Matters Committee, through its chairman,
E. Lawrence Fell, of Philadelphia, reported that very few
matters had been referred to it for attention during the
past year, a condition which seems to show that the
members are meeting with fewer difficulties requiring ad¬
justment. Two or three matters are now before the com¬
mittee, but are not completed. One of these, concerning
the size of sample-books sent out by manufacturers of
paper, brought forth some discussion, the consensus of
opinion being that all such books should be of a uniform
size in order to permit of more uniformity in filing and
greater accessibility for reference.

The report of the Cost Commission, and also of the
Price-List Committee, both of which were presented by
H. J. Meyer, of Milwaukee, showed that the work of the
organization along these lines is constantly increasing.
After considerable study of the distribution of selling
expense, the Cost Commission came to the conclusion that
the proper method was to distribute this expense on the
basis of the cost of the completed work instead of the
selling price.

The Committee on Apprentices, through its 'chairman,
Henry P. Porter, presented a complete and comprehensive
report of the different phases of the work to which it has
been assigned. This committee has evidently been mis¬
named, as its activities are by no means confined to

too long and cumbersome by some of the members, and
after some discussion the amendment to change to “United
Typothetas of America ” was passed.

An increase in the dues, in order to permit an exten¬
sion of the educational work being done, was also passed.

An amendment, having as its object the placing of all
local secretaries under the control of the general secre¬
tary of the national body, was voted down.

The banner, awarded to the local organization making
the greatest gain in membership during the year, was
again carried off by the Franklin-Typothetce of Chicago.

New Officers.

Officers for the coming’ term were elected as fol¬
lows: President, Benjamin P. Moulton, Providence, Rhode
Island; first vice-president, Arthur E. Southworth, Chi¬
cago; vice-presidents, Charles L. Kinsley, Philadelphia;
George H. Gardner, Cleveland, and E. H. James, Port¬
land, Oregon; treasurer, Fred W. Gage, Battle Creek,
Michigan.

The Executive Committee was increased to twenty-five
members, consisting of the following: Arthur E. South-
worth, chairman; Pliny L. Allen, D. A. Brown, Albert
E. Buss, Ennis Cargill, W. E. Craig, John R. Demarest,
George R. Denman, E. Lawrence Fell, Albert W. Finlay,
Fletcher Ford, A. M. Glossbrenner, G. G. Gooch, Jr.,
William Green, George K. Horn, John A. Hutton, H. W. J.
Meyer, William Pfaff, William V. Parshall, Joe B. Red-
field, Eugene Saenger, B. F. Scribner, F. J. Scott, John
Stovel, William H. Sleepeck, John S. Watson.

THE INLAND PRINTER

101

Secretary-Managers’ Association.

Meetings of various affiliated bodies were held during
the convention. The Secretary-Managers’ Association met
at dinner on Monday evening, with officers of the national
organization present, and discussed subjects pertaining to
their work in connection with the conduct of local organ¬
izations and plans for making the work more effective.
Officers were elected for the coming term, Oliver Wrough-
ton, of Kansas City, Missouri, being chosen as president;
Alvin S. Dunbar, of Detroit, Michigan, vice-president;
W. Van Hinkle, Chicago, secretary; E. E. Laxman, Chi¬
cago, treasurer.

Closed Shop Division.

The Closed Shop Division of the national body met on
Tuesday afternoon, at which time a general discussion was
held regarding matters of especial interest to the mem¬
bers of that division. Officers were elected as follows:
Chairman, William Green, New York; vice-chairman,
J. W. Hastie, Chicago; secretary-treasurer, E. F. Hamm,
Chicago.

George H. Gardner, C. M. Welch, W. P. Jobson, Earl
R. Britt, Charles Francis and R. W. Ewing were chosen
as members of the Board of Governors for the two-year
term, and these, with the following, constitute the com¬
plete Board: E. F. Hamm, J. W. Hastie, William Green,
G. F. Kalkhoff, Morton B. Hirsch and Fred Alfred.

Open Shop Division.

The Open Shop Division met at dinner at the Univer¬
sity Club on Monday afternoon, discussing matters relat¬
ing to the work of that division and electing the following
officers: T. E. Donnelley, chairman Board of Governors;
A. M. Glossbrenner, vice-chairman; H. W. J. Meyer,
treasurer; H. W. Flagg*, commissioner.

Graphic Arts Association.

A special meeting of the Graphic Arts Association, a
departmental of the Associated Advertising Clubs of the
World, was called for Tuesday evening for the purpose
of discussing the question of uniting with the Direct-Mail
Departmental. It has been considered that there is some¬
what of a duplication of effort in the two departmentals,
but the feeling of the members present was that the
Graphic Arts Association, in which was represented a
larger investment of capital than probably any other de¬
partmental of the associated clubs, would be submerged
if the amalgamation took place. The result of the dis¬
cussion was the decision to continue the work of the
Graphic Arts Departmental, and all present pledged them¬
selves to work for its success, and to maintain the identity
of the printing industry in the work of the associated
clubs.

Machine Composition Division, Franklin-
Typothetae of Chicago.

The Machine Composition Division of the Franklin-
Typothetas of Chicago postponed its reg*ular weekly meet¬
ing until Wednesday noon, at which time a special meeting
was held and a number of the visiting* printers invited to
attend. The first matter brought before the meeting was
the election of officers, and this was quickly disposed of
by the acceptance of the Nominating Committee’s report,
which advocated retaining the officers who have served
so faithfully and efficiently during the past year. These
officers are Jeremiah M. Cox, of the Chicago Typesetting
Company, chairman, and Fred Barnard, of Barnard &
Miller, vice-chairman. Talks were then made by some of
the out-of-town guests, among them being W. T. Leyden,

the former Chicago secretary, now of Winona, Minnesota;
R. S. Van Pelt, secretary of the Board of Trade of Mon¬
treal, Canada; L. Smith, of the Smith-Grieves Company,
Kansas City, Missouri; W. B. Conkey, of Hammond,
Indiana. _ _

THE COMPOSITE STATEMENT.

BY WILLIAM H. SLEEPECK.

N October, 1909, in this fair city, in session
assembled, was given to the printing indus¬
try one of the greatest, if not the greatest
single factor essential to the proper and
profitable conduct of a profession first in
its influence on the civilization and culture
of the greatest continent in the world’s
progress. Some years ago a number of
printers’ organizations held conferences through commit¬
tees relative to printing prices, and found that estimates
on various orders were widely at variance.

These varying estimates led to an investigation of the
causes which brought them about, and it was discovered
that those making the estimates were arriving at their
costs by so many different routes that no real comparison
of value could be made. It was also found that many of
the establishments making such estimates made no pre¬
tense of operating a cost system, having nothing more
than merely workmen’s time tickets, and that the figures
arrived at were almost entirely a matter of guesswork.

It occurred to these gentlemen that a uniform method of
ascertaining costs was the only solution to their problems.
They, therefore, decided upon gaining all the information
they could regarding cost systems in printing-plants.

Accordingly, they sent out 6,000 letters of inquiry to
the leading printing establishments throughout the coun¬
try, to ascertain definitely how many institutions really
had, or claimed to have, a cost system.

Out of the large number of replies received, it was
found that only sixty-five concerns maintained cost sys¬
tems, and out of this number it was found that only six
had a sufficiently definite cost method to enable them to
make out an annual cost statement.

Following this disclosure, a committee was appointed
to continue investigations and submit a system or method
whereby the printers might ascertain their cost of pro¬
duction in a uniform manner.

Forms were prepared by the committee which were
used by a considerable number of printers, the basic form
being No. 9, or the Monthly Statement of Cost, which has
since become known as Form 9-H.

It becoming apparent that some movement should be
undertaken to arouse the printers of the country to the
necessity of some uniform method of cost-finding, a move¬
ment was started which resulted in the first international
cost congress.

Assembled from all quarters of America, and from
Canada, this vast concourse of master printers gave en¬
thusiastically of their time and talent to the propaganda
of education and investigation designed to furnish the
printing proprietor, wherever located, the media for the
successful and diverting pursuit of peace and profit.

As an evidence of the practices and principles pro¬
pounded and promulgated at this cost-finding conference,
we witness an unparalleled improvement in the fiscal status
of our industry as related to the other enterprises consti¬
tuting our vast commercial whole.

At the national office a careful record has been kept
of the credits of cost-system printers, and there is not a

102

THE INLAND PRINTER

case on record where a supply-house has lost a dollar on
a printer using the Standard Cost System to the extent
of being able to make up his annual report.

It has been stated and is generally conceded to be true,
that ten years ago the commercial-rating agencies placed
the printing industry, as a whole, near the bottom of the
list — in eighty-seventh place. Now it has reached thirty-
fourth place.

Then, through the uplifting and broadening influences
of our Cost Commission, stabilized by the test of time;
adopted alike by the thoughtful, the conservative and the
successful merchant; endorsed by no less a person than
Edward N. Hurley, chairman of the Federal Trade Com¬
mission, Form 9-H promises the remedy for all our ills;
a medium of accomplishment; a sure means of establish¬
ing the prestige, dignity and character which our trade
should share with the leading financial enterprises of the
country.

In comparing the commercial ratings of those members
who used the Standard Cost System and an equal number
of the same kind and character of plants outside of the
organization, the following record is most interesting:

Of the users of the cost system, eighty-four per cent
were given first-grade credit and the others had a fair
rating.

Of those plants outside of the organization, it was
shown that thirty-eight per cent of them had no credit
rating whatever.

It was found by the national organization that the num¬
ber of plants using the Standard Cost System were so few
that it was impossible, until the year 1913, to compile a
composite statement of cost of production for all users of
the Standard Cost System throughout the United States
that would really have value.

Enoug’h reports were gotten together for the year 1913
that a very dependable report was compiled.

These composite statements have a particular value,
from the fact that they consist of the annual reports of
all users of the Standard Cost System grouped into one
large statement, the same as if the total amounts repre¬
sented were of an individual plant. In this way it became
possible to correctly arrive at the average cost of produc¬
tion throughout the entire country, and this becomes a
guide to the individual plant in selling its product. As
indicating the growth in the use of the Standard Cost-
Finding System, the following record of composite state¬
ments, which embraces labor and expense items only, will
prove most interesting:

1913 . $ 1,604,241.64

1914 . 5,614,321.79

1915 . 8,889,823.41

1916 . 15,677,334.01

A comparison of these figures discloses the fact that
the composite report for last year, as compared with the
year 1915, showed an increase of a little more than sev¬
enty-five per cent.

A comparison of the figures will also show that the
costs, generally, last year were somewhat lower than the
year previous, and an analysis of the reasons is plainly
to the effect that the use of the Standard Cost System has
brought economies in the operation of the plants, so that
besides giving the printer an intelligent understanding of
what his real costs are, the system has been the means of
saving him a considerable amount of money in increased
production, which is, in effect, the elimination of a con¬
siderable amount of non-productive time.

In the hand-composition department, in 1915, the cost
per chargeable hour was $1.53%0, while last year the cost

had been reduced to $1.48%o> this improved condition being
due to the fact that while in 1915 the percentage of pro¬
ductive time was fifty-nine per cent, it had been increased
last year to sixty-one per cent.

One of the valuable uses of the composite statement is
in the fact that the printer operating the Standard Cost
System can compare his hour costs, his percentage of pro¬
ductive time and other results, and in that way ascertain
whether his business is being conducted on a normal basis.

Among the many excellent results that have come to
the printing industry through the compilation of the com¬
posite statement is the action of the Federal Government
in allowing for depreciation when collecting the income tax.

The department at first instructed its deputy collectors
throughout the country to allow only five per cent on type
and machinery, and three per cent on fixtures. When,
however, it was found by the Government that the rate of
depreciation as provided for in the Standard Cost-Finding
System was twenty-five per cent on type, and ten per cent
on machinery and fixtures, the deputies were instructed to
accept this rate where it was being regularly charged off
by the individual plant. This one feature of the composite
statement has saved to the industry each year more than
the entire amount of the national association dues.

It is believed that ultimately the use of the Standard
Price-List will prove the solution of correct prices in print¬
ing, and it can be readily seen that in the compilation of
the price-list all guesswork is eliminated, as the prices
are arrived at upon the basis of the cost records disclosed
through the composite statement.

Another valuable use that is being made of the com¬
posite statement is the fact that several local organizations
throughout the country have compiled composite state¬
ments from the records in their individual cities, and this
enables each group of printers to compare the local costs
with the national records of cost. Some of these state¬
ments have been compiled by the national office for the
local organizations, and others have been compiled by the
cost men employed by the locals.

The printing industry is the only one which has been
able to compile a national statement of average costs.

In 1916, after many years of planning and preparation,
we submitted to the Federal Trade Commission a Standard
Cost-Finding System. That system has received the un¬
qualified endorsement of the Commission over the signa¬
ture of its chairman, Edward N. Hurley.

The printing business is a mighty business. If you will
look about you for a comparative, you will have difficulty
in discovering any one which matches, in its difficulties,
all of those which the printing business faces, and to its
credit, let it be said, solves every day of every year.

And yet if you will broaden your vision and look for
comparatives, you will find that the printing business, to
be of true service, must partake in some part of the diffi¬
culties of every business which it serves.

Partaking in these difficulties, adjusting ourselves, as
we must, to ever changing conditions, ever changing prob¬
lems, new difficulties daily, it seems too obvious for com¬
ment to say that we must at all times know exactly, not
only where we are going and what we are going to do to
get there, but just exactly what it costs us to get there.

The day of guesswork and rule of thumb has gone.
The man who says “ I think ” will sink — you must know
or you will never show in the race we are running.

The United Typothetas and Franklin Clubs of America
is a thinking organization, and out of its thinking has come
a definite knowledge.

THE INLAND PRINTER

103

It is needless to argue the question of whether you, for
your own sake, should run your business on this system —
it would be an insult to your good judgment, to any good
business man’s judgment, to attempt to convince him that
he should accept a plan so obviously suited to a better
understanding of his costs and his possible profits.

All of us have only too often met the difficulty of con¬
vincing a customer of the justice of our charges. There
always seems to be some real or imaginary competitor who
has or will or could produce the same piece of printed
matter for less than we have.

In the buyer’s eye the bill is always high, and the worst
of it all is, that in the face of such argument the price-
pruning knife is altogether too ever present.

If you cut your prices and know that you are cutting
your legitimate profit you are in a losing game and the
sheriff is getting closer to your door every time you cut.

If you are cutting your prices and don’t know whether
you are cutting your legitimate profit — there isn’t any
hope for you at all.

Know what it costs you to do business, for in knowing
you can knock the price-cutting argument aside without a
moment’s delay. In fact, when we all know, and can all
prove that we know, the real or imaginary lower priced
printer of whom we have all heard will pass away — never
to return.

Come in, gentlemen, square up your business by this
practical, workable, sensible system. Know what this
product you are selling is worth and get what it is worth
by showing and proving conclusively that you know what
it is worth.

You can’t beat tbe man who lays his winning cards
face up knowingly. If you know what a piece of printing
is going to cost; if at every point in the progress of every
job you take into your plant the dollar and cents cost is
clear and plain to you, you can put into that job just
exactly as much extra effort as your customer is willing
to pay for — and you will be able to tell him exactly what
you are asking him to pay for.

The time is here for you to put your business on the
Standard Cost System basis, and I believe that those of
you who have not will not hesitate longer.

The best thought of your oganization has produced it.

The best members of your organization are using it.

Authority approves it.

Why oppose it? _

NEW YORK’S NEW PUBLIC PRINTER.

Joseph N. Quail, who succeeds David Ferguson as
Supervisor of the City Record, as New York’s public
printer is called, is an old-time printer and comes from a
family of typefounders. His uncle was William C. Conner,
and his father was superintendent of the James P. Conner
& Son Typefoundry, New York, this foundry having
started in the early part of the nineteenth century.

Young Quail read so many dime novels when a boy
that he ran away from home to shoot Indians in Texas.
He got as far as Uvalde, Texas, without scalping an
Indian. Ashamed and afraid to return home, he went to
work and to school. Col. John A. Baker learned the boy’s
history and communicated with Daddy Quail, who, instead
of sending him a railroad ticket, forwarded him type and
an outfit to print a paper. This he did in Uvalde and,
later, ran the Eagle Pass Times and was known as the
“ boy editor of Texas.”

Returning to New York in 1881, he went to work as
a printer, joining “ Big 6 ” in 1883, and has held a printer’s

card since. While setting type on the New York World,
be sent so many items to the paper that he was taken over
as a reporter. Since then his career would take a volume
to tell. He has been editor of New York dailies and a
miner in Montana. He was chapel chairman on the Butte
Miner and deputy district organizer for the I. T. U. in the
Northwest.

The sinking of the Maine brought him back to the
newspaper game in the employ of Mr. Hearst, who sent
him on a yacht to watch Admiral Sampson fight the Span¬
ish admiral, Cervera. A cable he managed to get through
to New York, in spite of the censor, got him into trouble
with Admiral Sampson, and he barely escaped being shot
for aiding the enemy with news of the fleet’s movements.

He has been on the New York Times for years, until
appointed to his present position of supervising the expen¬
diture of nearly a million dollars which New York city
spends for printing and stationery during a year. He
says he is going to follow the methods of his predecessor
closely, and how Mr. Ferguson managed the office was told
in detail in The Inland Printer for October, 1913.

PROPER SPACING AND TYPE SELECTION.

BY R. E. HAYNES.

A thoughtful study of the better grades of typography
invariably calls attention to the importance of correct
spacing out and the proper selection of types suitable in
size for the work in hand.

Oftentimes the changing of a few leads throughout a
form will improve it greatly, while the reduction or in¬
crease in size of a word or line will enhance the appear¬
ance of the work one hundred per cent, merely because the
job has been filled in or “ opened up ” in better proportion
thereby.

It is impossible to lay down a set of rules which will
serve as a guide under all conditions, for no two jobs are
exactly alike and the copy and type at hand control the
situation largely in each case. There are, however, a few
axioms which may be accepted readily and followed im¬
plicitly by the compositor in setting and “ whiting out ”
his work.

In the first place, the main display line should be full
length and a little above the center in square or oblong
jobs, while in narrow forms the line may be placed con¬
siderably more above center with improvement to the
work.

Groups of words or lines not descriptive or directly
necessary to the full meaning of the main display should
be separated from it by a space at least half as great as
the depth covered by the group or line.

In these groups of words or lines, the space between
lines should never equal or exceed the height of the face
used, and the space between words should be a little less
than the average width of the letters. Three-em spaces
(or thinner) with condensed type; en-quads or two three-
em spaces with square types and em-quads between words
in extended type. Text type should always be thin-spaced,
and script is properly spaced with the ascenders and
descenders which are provided with each font. (If not
in the font, use two-point lead spaces.)

These few suggestions are not founded on style or pre¬
vailing ideas of artistic production, but are fundamental
to all forms of typography and always have been. An
application of the principles set forth above will improve
the “ average ” job so that it will become more legible and
attractive, and present its printed message to the reader
in the best possible way.

104

THE INLAND PRINTER

William French Foster.

In the death of William F. Foster,
Tuesday, August 28, at New York
city, the Sigmund Ullman Company
lost one of the most faithful and pop¬
ular members of its organization. For
over ten years Mr. Foster had been a
member of the sales force of that com¬
pany in New York city, and his ac¬
quaintance among printers of the
metropolis was wide. He was also a
member of the Old-Time Printers’
Association. Heart trouble of a year’s
standing was responsible for the death
of the estimable gentleman at the age
of fifty-two.

Isaac Bowen Pilgrim.

One of the real old-timers, Isaac
Bowen Pilgrim, died at Atlanta,
Georgia, Thursday, August 16, at the
age of eighty-five. “ Uncle Ike,” as
he was familiarly known, practically
grew up in the newspaper business in
Atlanta. Before the Civil War he was
a compositor on the old Atlanta In¬
telligencer. He served the Confed¬
eracy throughout the war, and after
the surrender of Lee at Richmond re¬
turned to the trade at his old home.
Mr. Pilgrim is credited with having
set the first type for the famous At¬
lanta Constitution; and he remained
with that paper until ten years ago,
when he was retired on a pension by
the company.

Charles Beecher Lahan.

Unaware that he was ill, the many
friends of Charles B. Lahan were
shocked when, on August 26, they re¬
ceived the sad news of his death. His
record with the Regan Printing
House, Chicago, was as honorable and
successful as it was long. Mr. Lahan
was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut,
fifty-seven years ago, and at the age
of seventeen came to Chicago and
secured a position in the stereotype
department of the Regan house. Be¬
ing intelligent- — and possessing those
qualities of heart and purpose which
tend toward advancement and success
— he was quickly promoted to the
office, and for the past thirty years
has been one of James L. Regan’s

right-hand men. At the time of his
death, Mr. Lahan was vice-president
of the Regan Printing House and sec¬
retary of the G. D. Steere Company,
an affiliated organization of edition

Charles Beecher Lahan.

bookbinders. He was a prominent
member of the Benevolent and Protec¬
tive Order of Elks, being the author
of the flag ritual now used by that
order.

Samuel J. Parkhill.

When Samuel J. Parkhill left his
home in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on
the morning of Thursday, September
6, he was apparently in his usual
health. A few hours later he dropped
dead in the office of the Samuel J.
Parkhill Company, of which printing-
firm he was founder and president.
Mr. Parkhill learned the printers’
trade in the plant of John Wilson &
Son, The University Press, printers
of The Printing Art, and in 1875
established his own business, which
has continued since that date. The
deceased was born in Boston in the
year 1839.

Henry B. Speed.

Forty years of service with the
Western Newspaper Union is the rec¬
ord of Henry B. Speed, who died at
Evanston, Illinois, September 2, at the
age of seventy years. Practically all

his business life was spent in the
ready-print business. First, he was
manager of the Iowa Printing Com¬
pany, early in the sixties, and in
1870 he moved to Chicago and became
identified with the A. N. Kellogg
Newspaper Company, later becoming
secretary of the company and man¬
ager of its Chicago branch house. The
Kellogg company was purchased by
the Western Newspaper Union in
1906, and, after a service of four years
with the latter, Mr. Speed retired.

James L. Lee.

James L. Lee, of Los Angeles, Cali¬
fornia, president of The Challenge
Machinery Company, Grand Haven,
Michigan, died at the home of his son,
J. Edgar Lee, of Grand Haven, Sun¬
day morning, September 16, after a
brief illness of but five days. Mr. Lee
was visiting in Grand Haven, arriving
there from his home in Los Angeles
about three weeks before. He had al¬
ways enjoyed the best of health, and
his sudden and unexpected end came
as a shock to all who knew him.

Born at Halifax, Yorkshire, En¬
gland, July 19, 1839, Mr. Lee was ap¬
prenticed to the printing-trade at the
age of twelve years, and for two years
worked at it in his native town. In
1853 his parents decided to come to
America, and naturally young James,
then fourteen years of age, came with
them. The family traveled as far west
as LaSalle, Illinois, by rail, that being
the end of the railway at that time.
From LaSalle they took the stage and
finally settled at LeClaire, Iowa, but
as he was in love with his art and
there was no opportunity there to fin¬
ish his trade, the boy went to Daven¬
port, Iowa, and in 1857 graduated as
a full-fledged journeyman printer.

He went to Pike’s Peak in 1860, the
year of “ Pike’s Peak or bust,” and,
after trying his luck in the mines,,
concluded to try a more civilized way
of gaining a livelihood, and returned
to Denver, where he secured a job on
the Denver Mountaineer.

He moved to Chicago in 1863, work¬
ing with several companies until No¬
vember, 1870, when he resigned to gu

THE INLAND PRINTER

105

into business with Paul Shniedewend
for the purpose of handling type,
presses and printing materials, and
running an electrotype foundry.

In the great fire of October 9, 1871,
their business was destroyed. Nothing
daunted, they started in temporary
quarters on the West Side, and when
Jamieson & Morse erected a brick
building at 240 Madison street
— the first brick building in
the burned district — Shniede¬
wend & Lee rented the second
floor and soon had their elec¬
trotype foundry in full swing,
often running eighteen hours
a day.

Mr. Lee continued in the
electrotype business and the
manufacturing of electrotype,
stereotype and printing ma¬
chinery until 1893, in which
year he organized The Chal¬
lenge Machinery Company,
making a specialty of the man¬
ufacture of printing-presses,
paper-cutters and other labor-
saving machinery and mate¬
rials for printers. The Chal¬
lenge Machinery Company was
located at Lee street and
Archer avenue, Chicago, until
June, 1903, at which time it
was moved to Grand Haven,
Michigan.

Mr. Lee was known to most
of the older members of the
craft throughout the North¬
west, having traveled in the in¬
terest of the Campbell presses
from 1875 to 1890. He was an
honorary member of several
press associations of the
Northwest, and used to take
an active interest in the busi¬
ness and social events at their
annual meetings. He was a
member of the Illinois Press
Association, and for years had been
a member of the Old-Time Printers’
Association of Chicago.

WASHINGTON STATE EDITORS
MEET AT CHEHALIS.

Over a hundred editors and pub¬
lishers from all parts of Washington
and Oregon attended the thirty-first
annual session of the Washington
State Press Association, at Chehalis,
Washington, August 22-25. A pro¬
gram of addresses was carried out in
which all phases of newspaper work
were discussed. Resolutions were
passed uncompromisingly supporting
the President in this war period,
pledging every effort to encourage and
strengthen the patriotism of the peo¬
ple of the nation, pledging subordina¬

tion in papers of political questions,
endorsing the work of the Federal
Committee on Public Information, and
ordering the creation of a roll of
honor for those newspaper men serv¬
ing in the army. A committee was
appointed to work for the next meet¬
ing of the National Editorial Asso-
tion in this State. The print-paper

situation was taken up with paper
dealers and a committee was ap¬
pointed to handle cooperative buying.
J. C. Kaynor, of the Ellensburg Rec¬
ord, was elected president, and N.
Russell Hill, Lincoln County Times,
Davenport, was reelected secretary-
treasurer. The Washington Newspa¬
per Association, which handles the
“ foreign ” advertising for the papers
of the State, reported a prosperous
year. _ _ _

SUBURBAN PUBLISHERS ELECT
OFFICERS.

The first annual meeting and elec¬
tion of officers of the Suburban Pub¬
lishers’ Association of Chicago was
held at the Hotel Morrison on Mon¬
day, September 17. The reports of
the various officers and committees

evidenced the fact that the past year
has been an unusually busy and suc¬
cessful one. President Peacock pre¬
sented the report of the Advertising
Committee, discussing at length the
efforts of that committee to arrange
a definite basis upon which an adver¬
tising representative could be ap¬
pointed, with headquarters in Chicago,
for the purpose of soliciting
business for all members of
the association. A plan was
offered whereby this could be
accomplished without the ne¬
cessity of financial contribu¬
tions from the members, which
met with hearty approval and
was referred back to the com¬
mittee for prompt action, with
instructions to make its final
report at the next meeting,
which will be held on Octo¬
ber 15.

By a unanimous vote the
meeting decided to join the
National Editorial Association
as a body and give its assis¬
tance to the work that organ¬
ization is doing.

New officers were elected as
follows: President, R. J. Pea¬
cock, Chicago; vice-president,
C. F. Renich, Woodstock; treas¬
urer, E. A. Cogley, Maywood;
recording secretary, U. S. G.
Blakely, Plainfield ; correspond¬
ing secretary, B. A. Pratt,
Chicago.

BUYS PLATE BUSINESS
OF AMERICAN PRESS
ASSOCIATION.

Announcement was recently
made in New York city that
the Western Newspaper Union
had purchased the entire plate
business and plants of the
American Press Association in
New York and sixteen other cities.
The Western Newspaper Union will
continue to maintain its thirty-two
branch offices and also will take over
the branches of the American Press
Association in various cities.

An announcement by Courtland
Smith, president of the American
Press Association, said his organiza¬
tion retired from the plate business
because it was unable to continue it
on a profitable basis at present prices.
The energies of his organization will
be devoted, he said, to the development
of its advertising department.

This chang'e gives the Western a
practical monopoly in its field, that
of furnishing newspaper publishers
with ready-printed pages, “ boiler¬
plate ” and plate advertising.

James L. Lee.

106

THE INLAND PRINTER

Brief mention of men and events associated with the printing and allied industries will be published under this heading. Items for this

department should be sent before the tenth day of the month.

O. J. Houk to Cover Pennsylvania for
The Intertype Corporation.

O. Judson Houk, who has been con¬
nected with the Unitype department
of The American Type Founders Com¬
pany for the past five years, has
joined the sales force of The Inter¬
type Corporation. For the present he
will cover the Pennsylvania territory
east of Altoona.

New Sales Manager for W. B. Conkey
Company, Hammond, Indiana.

P. O. Pederson has been appointed
sales manager of the large printing-
plant of the W. B. Conkey Company,
Hammond, Indiana, having resigned
from a like position with The Lino-
graph Company, of Davenport, Iowa.
The change was made on Septem¬
ber 10.

“ Pittsburgh Post ” Was Seventy-Five
Years Old on September 10.

On September 10 The Pittsburgh
Post celebrated the seventy-fifth anni¬
versary of its existence under that
title. The issue for that day was aug¬
mented by interesting articles appro¬
priate to the occasion, which showed
the growth and present greatness of
Pittsburgh in all its activities. An
interesting feature was a reproduc¬
tion of the first issue, four pages, of
The Post, of September 10, 1842,
which was inserted as a supplement
to the regular edition. Through a
direct line of predecessors under other
titles, the history of The Pittsburgh
Post extends back to 1804, making it
one of the oldest newspapers in the
United States.

Why They Fail.

The Pittsburgh Association of
Credit Men has completed the com¬
pilation of a set of statistics in which
causes for failure are classified on a
percentage basis. Since the compila¬
tion is made from failures in every
line of business over a definite period,
the classification is just as applicable
to the printing business as to any

other. The table of percentages fol¬
lows: Lack of capacity, 30 per cent;
fraud, 6 per cent; no fault of bank¬
rupt, 10 per cent; lack of character,
24 per cent; insufficient capital, 30
per cent.

Craftsmen’s First Fall Meeting.

“ Good Fellowship Night ” was cele¬
brated by the Philadelphia Club of
Printing House Craftsmen on Thurs¬
day evening, September 13, at the
Hotel Bingham. This was the “ get-
together ” meeting of the club for the
fall and winter season. There was a
fair attendance, considering the time
of the year, and some members from
Craftsmen’s clubs in neighboring cit¬
ies were present.

Expert Service Man for Chicago Branch
of the Sinclair & Valentine
Company.

T. A. Korb, who for five years was
in charge of the pressroom in the big
color-printing plant of the Zeese-
Wilkinson Company, New York city,
has been appointed assistant to
Charles August, manager of the Chi¬
cago house of the Sinclair & Valen¬
tine Company. In his new position
Mr. Korb will render assistance to the
printers of Chicago in their difficult
color-printing problems, as well as
others.

Free Course in Proofreading and
Typography.

The board of education of New
York city has launched a free course
in proofreading and typography, at
the Stuyvesant Evening Trade School,
Fifteenth street, near First avenue.
The classes opened on Monday, Sep¬
tember 17.

Men and women engaged in the
printing, publishing, advertising and
allied lines make up the classes, which
are directed by Arnold Levitas.

Each class meets twice a week —
Monday and Tuesday, and Wednesday
and Thursday, from 7:30 to 9:30 p.m.

Certificates of proficiency will be is¬
sued at the end of the term.

Western Type Foundry Buys F. C.
Damm Company Tools, Etc.

Announcement is made by the West¬
ern Type Foundry that it has pur¬
chased the jigs, tools, patterns, etc.,
used by the F. C. Damm Company,
no longer in business, for the manu¬
facture of saws and metal furnaces.
Manufacture of those items will be
continued by the Western at its foun¬
dry, 108 Pine street, St. Louis, Mis¬
souri, where those who desire such
equipment are directed.

J. Henry Stephany Will Sell Stanley
Process Type Metals.

All readers of The Inland Printer
will be interested to learn that J.
Henry Stephany, formerly with the
American Type Founders Company,
is now with the Syracuse Smelting
Works, Brooklyn, New York. “ J.
Henry,” as he is familiarly known,
will visit printers and publishers in
the interests of Stanley Process type
metals, and his extensive knowledge
of type and its manufacture will ren¬
der him capable of giving competent
advice to those who are particular in
the selection of type metal.

Fred Cornell to Manage Kansas City
Branch of Barnhart Brothers
& Spindler.

In an attractive folder recently sent
out to the trade, Barnhart Brothers
& Spindler announce : “ Beginning

September the first our Kansas City
branch house will be under the man¬
agement of Fred Cornell. Mr. Cornell
does not need an introduction to the
printing craft of the Kansas City ter¬
ritory. For fifteen years he was man¬
ager of our Kansas City house. Just
thirty years ago he became our office
boy in Chicago, and since then had
been with us continuously until three
years ago.” Quite a record for an
office boy, but not at all surprising
when one has had the pleasure of do¬
ing business with the Kansas City
branch house under Mr. Cornell,
which the writer of these lines had a
number of years ago.

THE INLAND PRINTER

107

Iowa Printer-Foremen Go to School
at Iowa State College — For
Three Days.

Unique among gatherings of print¬
ers, the “ Short Course in Printing,”
conducted by Iowa State College, at
Ames, August 23, 24 and 25, will go
down in history as the first meeting
of its kind ever held in the United
States. If the idea finds favor and is
adopted by other schools — as it could
be to excellent advantage, for its ben-

the plant of the Owatonna (Minn.)
Journal-Chronicle, a student of prac¬
tical, common-sense management, was
the instructor in efficiency. He also
gave valuable advice on presswork,
particularly as regards ink, rollers
and paper. E. M. Keating, instructor
in the Mergenthaler Linotype Com¬
pany’s Chicago school, and editor of
the Machine Composition Department
of The Inland Printer, made sev¬
eral practical lectures on typesetting-

Association was formed, the object of
which is to promote the general good
of the business and to bring about
other meetings of like character.

Forty-Eighth Annual Convention of
Northern Indiana Editorial
Association.

Editors from the various cities of
northern Indiana gathered at Wabash
on Friday and Saturday, September
14 and 15, for what proved to be the

A Few “ Students ” at Short Course for Printers Held at Iowa State College, Ames,

August 23, 24 and 25.

Standing, from left to right: E. A. Brown, Owatonna (Minn.) Journal-Chronicle; 3. W. Gardener,
Spencer (Iowa) News; Ben J. Beck, Fonda (Iowa) Times; W. G. Williams, Ames (Iowa) Tribune; F. W.
Beckman, Department of Industrial Journalism, Iowa State College; C. M. Shipp, Ida Grove (Iowa) Pio¬
neer; 3. W. Parry, Extension Department, Iowa State College; W. F. Shadle, Toledo (Iowa) Chronicle;
G. Wiley Beveridge, Goldfield (Iowa) Chronicle. Seated, left to right: Carl G. Killion, Mason City (Iowa)
Globe-Gazette ; Fred F. Harvey, Perry (Iowa) Chief ; Horace Barnes, Ames (Iowa) Tribune; J. L. Frazier,
The Inland Printer; Frank W. Westphal, Waverly (Iowa) Democrat; Fred W. Ellis, Sac City (Iowa)
Sun; John Commons, Denison (Iowa) Bulletin; F. A. Wagoner, Leon (Iowa) Reporter.

Photograph by Mrs. Fred W. Ellis.

eficial possibilities are unlimited —
J. W. Parry, of the Engineering Ex¬
tension Department, and F. W. Beck¬
man, head of the Department of
Industrial Journalism, who conceived,
developed and conducted this first
short course, will deserve all credit
for its inception.

From all parts of the State, thirty
printers, for the most part foremen
of country newspaper offices, jour¬
neyed to Ames and put in two and a
half days listening to the lectures of
the instructors and participating in
interesting discussions in the midst
of or at the conclusion of the class
sessions. Every phase of the business
was covered — in some instances,
quite thoroughly; in others, perhaps,
too generally, because of limited time.

E. A. Brown, who has made an
enviable record as superintendent of

machine work and presswork, in
which line he is also an expert. The
remaining member of the “ faculty ”
was J. L. Frazier, associate editor of
The Inland Printer, who lectured
in his line, type-composition, newspa¬
per make-up and color harmony. The
classes in estimating were also con¬
ducted by Mr. Frazier.

Aside from the instructors’ talks,
those in attendance were given a treat
in the form of an interesting lecture
on “ Paper Manufacture,” by G. M.
Mason, of the J. W. Butler Paper
Company, Chicago. Mr. Mason ex¬
hibited the various ingredients from
which pulp paper is made. Motion
pictures were shown of the Warren
and Strathmore paper-mills.

At the close of the meeting, which
was attended by thirty foremen and
printers, The Iowa Printer-Foremen’s

most interesting and profitable annual
convention held by their organization.
The actual work of the convention
started at half-past two on Friday
afternoon, in the rooms of the Wabash
Commercial Club, with the following
program : “ My Cost System,” by

S. E. Boys, of the Plymouth Repub¬
lican; “ Developing a Profitable Job-
Printing Business,” Harry Hillman,
editor, The Inland Printer; “ Na¬
tional Advertising for Country News¬
papers,” N. A. Huse, vice-president of
the American Press Association, New
York city. The discussions following
each address brought out considerable
valuable information that the editors
could carry home and apply to their
work to advantage.

At half-past six all present enjoyed
a splendid banquet, prepared by the
ladies of Wabash, who also enter-

108

THE INLAND PRINTER

tained the ladies of the editorial party
during the day. Doctor Jaynes, presi¬
dent of the Wabash Commercial Club,
acted as toastmaster and introduced
the following speakers: Mrs. Helen
Preston, of Monticello, who spoke on
“ Experiences in Running a Newspa¬
per,” dealing, in humorous vein, prin¬
cipally with the experiences of the
editor’s wife; John Williams, of An¬
derson, who read a paper on “ News¬
papers and the War,” prepared by
E. C. Toner, who was unable to be
present; A. B. Crampton, governor
of the Old Soldiers’ Home, Marion,
who spoke on “ Sixty-Three Years a
Printer”; Grosvenor Dawe, of Roches¬
ter, who delivered a most fitting ad¬
dress for the closing of the session on
the subject of “ The United Effort.”

Saturday was devoted to the busi¬
ness session of the convention, which
was called to order at half-past ten.
Prior to this session the entire party
made the trip, by automobile, over the
city and surrounding country, start¬
ing at eight o’clock.

New Intaglio Copperplate Press.

The illustration herewith is of the
new intaglio copperplate press manu¬
factured by the Progress Manufactur¬
ing Company, Boston, Massachusetts.
The press is small, occupying space of
three square feet only, and is de¬
signed and built with a view to
furnishing printers, engravers and
stationers a copperplate press at min¬
imum cost, thus enabling them to
handle orders in their own plants on
short notice, without being compelled

to let out the work to others. The
manufacturers state that their press
“ is invaluable for handling greeting,
Christmas and birthday cards, for
which the demand is increasing. The
purchase of this press, we understand,
gives the printer or the engraver all
that is necessary for doing this class
of work except plates and cards, and
its simplicity of operation makes it
possible for one to go to work with it
without delay.

L. N. Flint Appointed Head of Kansas
University Journalism Department.

The resignation of Merle Thorpe as
head of the department of journalism
at the University of Kansas and the
appointment of L. N. Flint, who has
been acting chairman of the depart¬
ment, in his place has been announced.

Professor Thorpe has been absent
on leave during the past year, acting
as editor of The Nation’s Business,
published in Washington by the
United States Chamber of Commerce.

Prior to going to the university,
Mr. Flint was editor and publisher of
the Manhattan (Kan.) Nationalist for
five years. Two years ago he made a
survey of advertising conditions in
Kansas and compiled figures showing
that Kansas publishers were annually
refusing undesirable advertising to
the amount of $120,000.

Old-Time Printer Custodian of
$35,000,000.

Indeed, it is some bound for a
printer to be “jumped” from the
position of custodian of thirty-three
and one-third cents a day to guardian
of $2,000,000 a day - — or, counting
money, bonds and other securities,
$35,000,000. Fred B. Nichols, as ap¬
prentice to a newspaper publisher
back in New York State “ in the old
days,” thirty or forty years ago, was
the custodian of that thirty-three and
one-third cents per day — the “ scale ”
for apprentices at that time being $2
a week. Fred B. Nichols, as guardian
of the vaults and their contents,
owned by the Woodmen of the

World, a large fraternal order, with
headquarters at Omaha, Nebraska, is
today custodian of the aforesaid
$35,000,000. Between the two guar¬
dianships he made a printer of him¬
self, went through all the vicissitudes
of fortune attendant thereto, and by
hard work, and plenty of it, came to
be recognized as a “ swift ” in the old
hand-set days.

Simply to illustrate how it makes a
printer feel who has passed through

the mill and “ over the top ” to a posi¬
tion as guardian of millions (so many
of us will be denied the pleasure, or
the opportunity), we quote from an

Fred B. Nichols.

When the Woodmen of the World, a frater¬
nal order, wanted a trustworthy man to take
care of its $35,000,000, Mr. Nichols, a printer,
accepted with pleasure.

interview which recently appeared in
the Omaha World-Herald:

“ How does it feel to be the custo¬
dian of $35,000,000? ” was asked of
former Printer Nichols.

“ Makes me feel quite comfortable,”
was the reply.

“ Ever feel like you would like to
carry off a million or two, on some
dark, stormy night? ”

“ Not in the least,” replied the vet¬
eran printer. “ And I’ll say further
that I never felt like any other man
could get away with anything that be¬
longed to this institution so long as
I am on the job.”

The illustration of Mr. Nichols ap¬
pearing on this page corroborates the
interview — he appears comfortable,
but not “ easy.”

Second Annual “Butler” Picnic.

Saturday, August 18, the employees
of the J. W. Butler Paper Company,
of Chicago, shook off the cares of
business to romp and play in the open.
It was the second annual picnic of
the Butler organization. The atten¬
dance numbered about 1,000. The
big store was closed for the day.

At nine o’clock the big string of
coaches pulled out of the Union Sta¬
tion, loaded witb the happy, laughing
throng of men and women, boys and
girls, bound on having the time of
their lives at Dellwood Park.

The morning program consisted of
athletic sports. There are a lot of

A New Intaglio Copperplate Press.

THE INLAND PRINTER

109

fans in the different departments of
the Butler company, and, naturally,
the three baseball games were excit¬
ing from start to finish.

Following the custom established
last year, the company issued an elab¬
orate souvenir program in connection

P. B. Keogh Retires After Thirty-
Three Years of Service.

After thirty-three years of steady
and faithful service in the pressroom
of The Henry O. Shepard Company,
Chicago, P. B. Keogh retired on Aug¬
ust 23. “ Pat,” as he was familiarly

which are to be held for the bound
volumes and to keep them in proper
order until ready for binding. That
this duty has been performed faith¬
fully and well can readily be seen by
reference to any file of bound volumes
of this journal.

with the picnic. This program, be¬
sides listing the various committees
in charge of the picnic, contains pho¬
tographs of the department heads and
an interesting historical sketch of the
house of Butler. The company in¬
forms us that they will gladly send a
copy of the program to any one who
makes application for one.

How One Newspaper Has Solved the
Carrier-Boy Problem.

With a view to an improved spirit
of cooperation between the carrier-
boys and the office, Scott Bryant, cir¬
culation manager of the Findlay
(Ohio) Morning Republican, organ¬
ized the local newsboys’ band of forty
pieces some time ago.

In spite of objections of many of
the parents at the start, the boys
were enthusiastic over the project,
and not only bought their own instru¬
ments, at a cost in some instances of
more than $100, but cooperatively pay
their instructor. This is all the more
remarkable when one considers that
many of the lads are not yet twelve
years of age.

The enterprise is an evidence of the
progressive ideas which are being
developed by the publisher of the
Morning Republican, the editor and
manager of which is I. N. Heminger.

called by all on the Shepard forces,
was born in Louisville, Kentucky, and
came to Chicago when a boy. He

P. B. Keogh.

started with the Shepard company as
a pressfeeder in March, 1884, and for
the past few years has worked as
general all-around man, one of his du¬
ties being to collect, each month, the
signatures of The Inland Printer

Mr. Keogh went to Denver, Colo¬
rado, with his son and daughter, it
being his intention to purchase a
small fruit farm somewhere in that
locality and to spend his remaining
days thereon. Members of the press¬
room and bindery forces presented
him with a handsome gold watch,
suitably inscribed, as a token of their
esteem, and in appreciation of the
many years of close friendship they
have passed together.

The Kings are Up and Coming.

In these days of unpopularity for
kings, one should remember that there
are kings and Kings. Just now the
Kings are dominating the field of
engraved holiday-greeting cards, at
least so far as luring business through
The Inland Printer is concerned — -
and kings, you know, have a highly
developed sense for discerning a good
thing when they see it. Remember,
too, that there are Kings and other
Kings in the business of supply¬
ing holiday-greeting cards. There’s
Harry W. King, of Philadelphia, and
the King Engraving Company, of
Chicago. They’re both good Kings,
but if you want to get in touch with
the Quaker City King, don’t address
the Chicago King, and vice versa.

THE INLAND PRINTER

110

THE INLAND PRINTER

Harry Hillman, Editor.

Published monthly by

THE INLAND PRINTER COMPANY

632 Sherman Street, Chicago, U. S. A.

WANT ADVERTISEMENTS

Prices for this department: 40 cents per line: minimum charge, 80
cents. Under “Situations Wanted,’’ 25 cents per line; minimum charge,
50 cents. Count ten words to the line. Address to be counted. Price
invariably the same whether one or more insertions are taken. Cash
must accompany the order. The insertion of ads. received in Chicago
later than the fifteenth of the month preceding publication not guar¬
anteed. We can not send copies of The Inland Printer free to classified
advertisers.

Address all Communications to The Inland Printer Company.

Vol. GO. OCTOBER, 1917. No. 1

The Inland Printer is issued promptly on the first of each month.
It aims to furnish the latest and most authoritative information on all
matters relating to the printing trades and allied industries. Contribu¬
tions are solicited and prompt remittance made for all acceptable matter.

Members of Audit Bureau of Circulations : Associated Business
Papers, Inc. ; Chicago Trade Press Association ; National Editorial Asso¬
ciation ; Graphic Arts Association Departmental of the Associated Adver¬
tising Clubs of the World ; New York Master Printers’ Association :
Printers’ Supplymen’s Club of Chicago ; Advertising Association of
Chicago.

SUBSCRIPTION RATES.

One year, $3.00; six months, $1.50; payable always in advance. Sample
copies, 30 cents; none free.

Subscriptions may be sent by express, draft, money order or registered
letter. Make all remittances payable to The Inland Printer Company.

When Subscriptions Expire, the magazine is discontinued unless a
renewal is received previous to the publication of the following issue.
Subscribers will avoid any delay in the receipt of the first copy of
their renewal by remitting promptly.

Important. — Foreign money orders received in the United States do not
bear the name of the sender. Foreign subscribers should be careful
to send letters of advice at same time remittance is sent, to insure
proper credit.

Single copies may be obtained from all news-dealers and typefounders
throughout the United States and Canada, and subscriptions may be
made through the same agencies.

Patrons will confer a favor by sending us the names of responsible
news-dealers who do not keep it on sale.

ADVERTISING RATES.

Furnished on application. The value of The Inland Printer as an
advertising medium is unquestioned. The character of the advertise¬
ments now in its columns, and the number of them, tell the whole story.
Circulation considered, it is the cheapest trade journal in the United
States to advertise in. Advertisements, to secure insertion in the issue
of any month, should reach this office not later than the fifteenth of the
month preceding.

In order to protect the interests of purchasers, advei'tisers of novel¬
ties, advertising devices, and all cash-with-order goods, are required to
satisfy the management of this journal of their intention to fulfil hon¬
estly the offers in their advertisements, and to that end samples of the
thing or things advertised must accompany the application for adver¬
tising space.

The Inland Printer reserves the right to reject any advertisement
for cause.

FOREIGN AGENTS.

John Haddon & Co., Bouverie House, Salisbury square, Fleet street,
London, E. C., England.

Raithby, Lawrence & Co. (Limited), De Montfort Press, Leicester,
England.

Raithby, Lawrence & Co. (Limited), Thanet House, 231 Strand, Lon¬
don, W. C., England.

Penrose & Co., 109 Farringdon Road, London, E. C., England.

Wm. Dawson & Sons, Cannon House, Breams buildings, London, E. C.,
England.

Alex. Cowan & Sons (Limited), General Agents, Melbourne, Sydney
and Adelaide, Australia.

Alex. Cowan & Sons (Limited), Wellington, New Zealand.

F. T. Wimble & Co., 87 Clarence street, Sydney, N. S. W.

H. Calmels, 150 Boulevard du Montparnasse, Paris, France.

John Dickinson & Co. (Limited), Cape Town, Durban and Johannes¬
burg, South Africa.

Jean Van Overstraeten, 3 rue Villa Hermosa, Brussels, Belgium.

A. Oudshoorn, 23 Avenue de Gravelle, Charenton, France.

BOOKS.

“ GOOD TYPOGRAPHY — What It Is and How to Produce It.” 20
pages, 2 colors, reset specimen. Initial letter by Ellsworth Geist.
25 cents in silver or one and two cent stamps. Address the author,
EDWIN H. STUART, 225 Robinson st„ E. E„ Pittsburgh, Pa.

BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES.

WANTED — A hand-tool finisher and cover designer: job forwarder;

paper ruler ; folding machine operator ; casemaking machine opera¬
tor ; stamper ; all-around edition forwarder ; must invest $2,000 or
more and become associated with a consolidated concern employing up¬
wards of 100 people and paying dividends ; located in one of the largest
towns in the middle West; each man must be the best in his line and
able to impart his knowledge to others ; union throughout ; a chance
of a lifetime to become a member of a fast-growing concern organ¬
ized along new lines with national possibilities. O 461.

FOR SALE — Live, prosperous country weekly newspaper in live west¬
ern New York town of 700; good territory for growth; congenial
town ; price $2,500 ; buyer must be responsible party willing to pay
half cash ; am selling because owner expects to be drafted shortly ; a
young hustler can do exceedingly well here. O 462.

$5,500 BUYS semi-weekly in northwestern Montana town of over 3,000 ;

no competition ; Model 15 linotype nearly new, with electric heater ;
well equipped throughout ; electric power for presses ; ABSOLUTELY
BEST location in State ; BEST bargain ; $2,500 down ; owner going
on farm for health ; investigate. O 493.

FOR SALE — Printing plant and bindery, equipped to do all classes of
work, including fine half-tone and color work ; individual motor
equipment throughout ; business capacity about $65,000 yearly ; located
in manufacturing city near Boston ; will sell for one-half cash and
favorable terms on balance. O 438.

FOR SALE on account of the army draft, controlling interest of print¬
ing establishment in most prosperous city in New York State ; annual
business, $15,000; completely equipped plant, value $8,000; modern
machines ; will sell only to business man who can maintain good will
created by present owner. O 499.

FOR SALE — One of the best paying country weekly newspaper and
job offices in southern Alberta, Canada, in good live town ; will sell
for reasonable cash payment down and balance can be arranged ; price
$4,500 cash, including building and lot. O 472.

FOR SALE - Small photoengraving plant, consisting of 11 by 14 cam¬
era complete, routing machine, saw table, and hand planer ; used
three months ; $200 cash takes complete outfit. OTTO BONNELL, 3847
Calumet ave., Chicago.

FOR SALE — Label and color printing plant in large eastern city ;

established 30 years ; equipment all modern ; worth approximately
$25,000 ; owner retires from business. O 488.

FOR SALE — Small weekly newspaper, doing good business in central
Oregon ; must sell as owner is listed in next draft call without ex¬
emption ; price $1,600, half cash. O 486.

FOR SALE — A good job-printing office for sale at sacrifice ; complete ;

good business ; reason for selling, drafted. 208 S. Wash, st.,
Owosso, Mich.

ENGRAVING METHODS.

ANYBODY CAN MAKE CUTS on ordinary sheet zinc at trifling cost
with my simple transferring and etching process ; skill and drawing
ability not required ; price of process, $1 ; circular and specimens for
stamp. THOS. M. DAY, Box 1, Windfall, Ind.

FOR SALE.

FOR SALE — 35 by 50 and 39 by 53 two-revolution Miehles ; 39 by 52
Century, 37 by 52 Huber, 39 by 54 Scott, 26 by 35 Huber, 27 by 40
Swink, 47 by 66 Optimus ; drum presses, all sizes, 16 by 21 to 37 by 52 ;
Gordons, Peerless, Goldings, Colts, etc. ; jobbers, sizes 8 by 12 to 14%
by 22 ; lever and power paper-cutters ; large Seybold duplex trimmer ;
25 by 34 Hall circular folder, 5 folds ; stitchers, % to % — 28-inch
Tatum and American punches ; large stock miscellaneous machinery.
Tell us your requirements. WANNER MACHY. CO., 703 S. Dearborn
st., Chicago.

- - - — — - — — - - - — - — — - — - - - — - ■ — -

Megill’s Patent

MEGILL’S PATENT

Megill’s Patent

SPRING TONGUE GAUGE PINS

Automatic Register Gauge

DOUBLE-GRIP GAUGES

automatically sets sheets to perfect register. Applies instantly to
any make of popular job press. No fitting. Great in efficiency.
Method of attaching does not interfere with raising tympan. Only
$4.80.

QUICK ON

E. L. MEG1LL, Eat. and Mfr.

60 Duane Street NEW YORK

VISE GRIP

Send for booklet this and other styles.

From us or your dealer. Free booklets.

Send for booklet this and other styles.

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

THE INLAND PRINTER

111

FOR SALE — Secondhand Kidder, all-size adjustable rotary press, size
43 by 56 inches ; minimum sheet 26 by 34 inches ; cuts anything
between ; prints two colors on top and one color on reverse side of the
web ; has traveling offset web, and can do 133-line screen half-tone
printing ; machine in A-l condition, with complete equipment ; imme¬
diate delivery. GIBBS-BROWER CO., 261 Broadway, New York city.

FOR SALE — - Complete bindery for sale cheap for cash : one 32-inch
power cutter with motor, one 20th Century Monitor wire-stitcher
with motor, one board shears, one standing press, one job backer, one
foot-power perforating machine, one numbering machine, round-corner¬
ing machine, finishing rolls, type cabinet with type, pressing boards,
tables, etc. J. HORNIG, 1315 Emerson ave.. No., Minneapolis, Minn.

MACHINERY FOR SALE — One 41 by 52 Whitlock “ Premier,” dual
delivery, nearly new ; one 30 by 43 “ Optimus ” ; one 44-inch Dexter
Auto cutter, nearly new ; one 1-inch Monitor stitcher ; all with 230 v.
D. C., individual motor equipment ; selling account equipping New
York plant with automatic presses ; machines can be seen in operation
daily ; buy NOW and save the dealers’ big profit. O 489.

FOR SALE — - One Hoe pony press, one Nonpareil jobber, one 32-inch
paper cutter, one time recording clock system, about 340 pounds of
body type, about $500 worth of job type ; composing-room furniture
and equipment, including cabinets, cases, composing stones and galleys ;
all in good condition. GEORGE S. RAUP, 203 Bushnell bldg.. Spring-
field, Ohio.

DO YOU NEED A FOLDER? We have a No. 315 Brown job folder,
sheet range, 6 by 7 to 19 by 25, folds 4, 8, 12, 16 and 32 pages ;
good as new ; cost $750, will sell at about half price ; splendid machine ;
reason for selling, have bought larger folder. HYDE BROTHERS,
PRINTERS, Marietta, Ohio.

FOR SALE — Whitlock two-revolution press, 4 form rollers, bed 29 by
42 ; also Hoe two-revolution press, 4-roller, size of bed 40 by 60 ;
guaranteed in first-class condition ; will trade in part payment. PRES¬
TON, 49A Purchase, Boston.

LINOTYPE — Model 3 (rebuilt Model 5), No. 7286; also Model 5,
Serial No. 11848 ; 2 molds each machine, total of 26 fonts of mat¬
rices, liners and blades. SUNSET PUBLISHING HOUSE, San Fran¬
cisco, Cal.

LINOTYPE — Model No. 1, Serial No. 8010, and Model No. 1, Serial
No. 8011 ; with one magazine, liners, ejector-blades, font of mat¬
rices (for each machine). TRIBUNE PRINTING CO., Charleston, W. Va.

COLTS ARMORY PRESSES — 10 by 15, 2-roller ; 10 by 15, 3-roller ;

13 by 19, 4-roller ; good condition ; can be seen running ; prices
on inquiry. LISIECKI, 9 Murray st.. New York city.

BOOKBINDERS’ MACHINERY — Rebuilt Nos. 3 and 4 Smyth book¬
sewing machines, thoroughly overhauled and in first-class order.
JOSEPH E. SMYTH, 638 Federal st., Chicago.

FOR SALE — Kay Kay gas dispeller for sheet drying, for 53 or 56 inch
Miehle, each $20 ; American press seats, $3. WANNER MACHY.
CO., 703 S. Dearborn st., Chicago, Ill.

LINOTYPE — Three Model 1 machines with complete equipment of
molds, magazines and matrices. NEW HAVEN UNION CO., New
Haven, Conn.

FOR SALE — - Hoe stop-cylinder press, 5-roller, size 51 by 36, sheet
50 by 32, 2 sets rollers, 4-step cone pulleys, countershaft, 4 chases.
O 501.

FOR SALE — Two Miller feeders in fine condition, for 10 by 15 C. &
P. Gordon press, 8 by 12 C. & P. Gordon and Kimble motors. O 287.

LINOTYPE — Model No. 3, Serial No. 10109; one magazine, assort¬
ment of matrices. FORT WAYNE PRINTING CO. Fort Wayne, Ind.

LINOTYPE — Model 2, Serial No. 706; 1 motor, 1 magazine, 8 fonts
of matrices. ARYAN THEOSOPHICAL PRESS, Point Loma, Cal.

FOR SALE — • Two Universal and one Monotype casting machines.
PRINTOGRAPH MFG. COMPANY, 280 Rice st., St. Paul, Minn.

LINOTYPE — Model 1, Serial No. 6605 ; 1 magazine, 1 mold and 1
font of matrices. METROPOLITAN PRESS, Seattle, Wash.

FOR SALE — Optimus cylinder press No. 43, 3 rolls ; prints sheet 25
by 38. THE I. TRAGER CO., Cincinnati, Ohio.

FOR SALE — Toledo web press with two-color attachment, size 12 by
18, 25-inch Reliance cutter. O 398.,,

HELP WANTED.

Bindery.

BOOKBINDER — One who is good ruler and forwarder ; state age, ex¬
perience and salary. WOODRUFF BANK NOTE CO., Lincoln, Neb.

Composing-Room.

WORKING FOREMAN — First-class compositor with thorough knowl¬
edge of make-up and stonework ; qualified to lay out and set up jobs
in a distinctive manner ; medium-sized plant ; union. O 298.

WANTED — Job compositor ; a young man desirous of an opportunity
to learn the better class of printing preferred. THE JOS. BETZ
PRINTING CO., East Liverpool, Ohio.

Estimator.

WANTED — A thorough estimator for book and job printing house;

state age, also whether single or married, and salary expected ; must
be able to furnish good references ; steady position to right person.
M. S. & D. A. BYCK CO., Savannah, Ga.

Managers and Superintendents.

FACTORY FOREMAN for photo mount plant; one who has both execu¬
tive and mechanical ability ; an opportunity for a man with a clean
record. KIMBALL-MATHEWS CO., Columbus, Ohio.

FOREMAN — Four cylinders, 8 jobbers, 2 linotypes ; hand composing
and bindery ; New York ; 9 hours ; capable, industrious mechanical
supervisor. O 494.

Pressroom.

WANTED — Cylinder pressman with some mechanical ability, who is
familiar with small automatic cylinders. In writing give age, ex¬
perience, references, and if willing to travel occasionally. O 465.

WANTED — • A pressman experienced in operating two Miller feeders.
P. O. Box 876, Reading, Pa.

Salesman.

WANTED — First-class salesman by established firm to cover North
Dakota, soliciting printing and stationery. O 487.

INSTRUCTION.

LINOTYPE INSTRUCTION — 17 Mergenthalers ; evenings ; $5 weekly ;

day course (special), 9 hours daily, 7 weeks, $80; three months’
course, $150 ; 10 years of constant improvement ; every possible advan¬
tage ; no dummy keyboards, all actual linotype practice, keyboards
free ; call or write. EMPIRE MERGENTHALER LINOTYPE SCHOOL,
133-137 East 16th st.. New York city.

SITUATIONS WANTED.

All-Around Man.

A SUPERINTENDENT-FOREMAN with unusual qualifications seeks
change with view to locating permanently ; had considerable ex¬
perience installing and systematizing plants ; familiar with the prin¬
ciples of scientific management, understand handling help, can promote
harmony and secure cooperation ; good estimator, lay-out, stonework ;
give instructions intelligently ; 18 years’ experience as an executive

handling all classes of work ; age 40 ; a man of principle and with the
right sort of initiative ; desire to connect with progressive firm or one
wishing to “do things” more efficiently; now employed; go any¬
where. O 297.

Bindery.

POSITION DESIRED in a bindery as Crawley rounder and backer
operator. FRANK FULLER, 115 Good st., Akron, Ohio.

BINDERY FOREMAN, competent in all branches and qualified to run
a bindery to best advantage, wants position. O 410.

BINDERY FOREMAN, experienced all branches, good executive, open
for position. O 496.

Composing-Room.

SITUATION WANTED by a printer accustomed to handling the better
grade of display ; prefer small shop in Indiana or Illinois as work¬
ing foreman or position on the case ; middle age ; married, union.
O 307.

Managers and Superintendents.

PRINTING EXECUTIVE — Position as manager, superintendent sales
department, buyer, right-hand man, or in advertising agency ; 20

years’ unusually thorough, practical experience high-class commercial
work, colorwork, booklets, catalogues, embossing, loose-leaf work, etc. ;
up in estimating, selling, planning, costs, paper stock, engraving, elec¬
trotyping, plant installation, etc. ; formerly proprietor well-known Chi¬
cago plant, now superintendent well-known firm ; age 40 ; highest
possible references Chicago firms. O 498.

SUPERINTENDENT OR FOREMAN would like to connect with con¬
cern now operating or wishing to install private plant ; have had
wide range of experience with men and machines, and particularly
private plant problems ; practical printer ; married, sober, dependable
and above draft age ; best of references, including present employer.
O 468.

PROCESS

WORK Electrotyping

The Journal for all up-to-date Process Workers

All matters of current interest to Process Workers and Electrotypers are dealt with month
by month, and both British and Foreign ideas as to theory and practice are intelligently
and comprehensively dealt with. Special columns devoted to Questions and Answers, for
which awards are given. It is also the official organ of the Penrose Employment Bureau.
PER ANNUM. $0.72, Post-free. Specimen Copy, Post-free, $0.08.

Specimen copies can also be obtained from The Inland Printer Company upon request.

A limited space is available for approved advertisements; for scale of charges apply to the Publishers.

Published by A. W. PENROSE & Co., Ltd., 109 Farringdon Road, LONDON, E.C.

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

112

THE INLAND PRINTER

PRESENT MANAGING STOCKHOLDER of successful establishment,
doing- a $250,000 business in printing, engraving and binding, desires
connection with an established house of larger output ; desires position
as general manager or factory superintendent. MANAGER, 709 Mont¬
rose ave., Richmond, Va.

PRINTING EXECUTIVE of proven ability and extensive experience
wishes a position with a progressive concern as superintendent or
manager ; a practical printer with a thorough knowledge of costs, pro¬
duction and the efficient handling of workmen. O 492.

YOUNG MAN desires position as superintendent of a plant where effi¬
ciency and ability are recognized ; at present employed as superin¬
tendent in a plant doing large catalogue and publication work ; would
consider a financial interest. 0 497.

SUPERINTENDENT — A man of wide experience in the printing
crafts, employed at present in position of responsibility, wishes to
connect with a firm where highest quality and modern shop efficiency
will be appreciated. O 485.

PRACTICAL SUPERINTENDENT of mechanical department desires to
make a change : especially qualified to handle State, County and
Bank lines ; best of references. O 477.

Office.

POSITION as office and outside man ; many years’ experience in three
large offices. O 229.

Pressroom.

A-l PRESSMAN AND SUPERINTENDENT — Man who understands
presswork from platens up to offset work ; also understands scien¬
tific management and, insofar as pressrooms are concerned, is a real
efficiency expert ; will be open for position after November 1. O 500.

PRESSMAN, 25 years’ experience, strictly temperate, wishes change ;

can take charge of pressroom or bindery, or any kind of flat bed
presses or Gordons ; can do any kind of presswork. O 495.

PRESSROOM FOREMAN — Capable executive, at present employed by
high-grade color house, desires to make change ; expert color mixer.
O 490.

CYLINDER AND PLATEN PRESSMAN, 20 years’ experience on the
best grade of work ; 35 years old ; experienced foreman. O 392.

Proofroom.

EXPERIENCED PROOFREADER wants position on daily anywhere
in United States or Canada, or on book work in large plant; accu¬
rate and rapid ; union. MISS B., 73 Henry, Binghamton, N. Y.

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

WANTED — 29 by 42, 4-track drum press, air springs, Whitlock or
other make; also Miehle press and printing machinery. WANNER
MACHY. CO., 703 S. Dearborn st., Chicago.

WANTED — Ruling machine, typecaster, die and plate press ; will give
in exchange Model 5 Linotype or pay cash. O 489.

BUSINESS DIRECTORY.

Advertising Blotters.

PRINT BLOTTERS for yourself — the best advertising medium for
printers. We furnish handsome color-plate, strong wording and
complete "layout” — new design each month. Write today for free
samples and particulars. CHAS. L. STILES, 230 N. 3d st., Columbus,
Ohio.

Brass-Type Founders.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

Calendar-Pads.

THE SULLIVAN PRINTING WORKS COMPANY, 1062 Gilbert av„
Cincinnati, Ohio, makes 109 sizes and styles of calendar-pads for
1918 ; now ready for shipment ; the best and cheapest on the market ;
all pads guaranteed perfect ; write for sample-books and prices.

Carbon Black.

CABOT, GODFREY L.— See advertisement.

Casemaking and Embossing.

SHEPARD, THE HENRY O., COMPANY, 632 Sherman st., Chicago.
Write for estimates.

Chase Manufacturers.

BARNHART BROTHERS & SPINDLER — Electric-welded silver-gloss
steel chases, guaranteed forever. See Typefounders.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY — Steel chases for all printing purposes.
See Typefounders.

Copper and Zinc Prepared for Half-Tone and Zinc Etching.

THE AMERICAN STEEL & COPPERPLATE CO., 101-111 Fairmount
av., Jersey City, N. J. ; 116 Nassau st.. New York city; 610 Federal
st., Chicago, Ill. ; 3 Pemberton row, London, E. C., England.

NATIONAL STEEL & COPPERPLATE COMPANY, 542 South Dear¬
born st., Chicago, Ill. ; 805 Flatiron Bldg., New York city ; 1101 Lo¬
cust st., St. Louis, Mo. ; 212 East Second st., Cincinnati, Ohio.

Counting Machines.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY — See Typefounders.

Cylinder Presses.

BARNHART BROTHERS & SPINDLER — See Typefounders.

Electrotypers’ and Stereotypers’ Machinery.

THE OSTRANDER-SEYMOUR CO., general offices. Tribune bldg., Chi¬
cago. Eastern office, 38 Park row. New York. Send for catalogue.

HOE, R., & CO., New York. Printing, stereotyping and electrotyping
machinery. Chicago offices, 544-546 S. Clark st.

Embossing Composition.

STEWART'S EMBOSSING BOARD — Easy to use, hardens like iron;

6 by 9 inches, 3 for 40c, 6 for 60c, 12 for $1, postpaid. THE INLAND
PRINTER COMPANY, Chicago.

Embossing Dies and Stamping Dies.

CHARLES WAGENFOHR, Sr., 140 West Broadway, New York. Dies
and stamps for printers, lithographers and binders.

Hot-Die Embossing.

GOLDING MFG. CO., Franklin, Mass. Our Hot Embosser facilitates
embossing on any job-press ; prices, $40 to $90.

Ink Fountain.

THE NEW CENTURY ink fountain, for sale by all dealers in type and
of printers’ supplies. WAGNER MFG. CO., Scranton, Pa.

Job Printing-Presses.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

BARNHART BROTHERS & SPINDLER — See Typefounders.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY — See Typefounders.

GOLDING MFG. CO., Franklin, Mass., Golding and Pearl.

Motors and Accessories for Printing Machinery.

SPRAGUE ELECTRIC WORKS, 527 W. 34th st., New York. Electric
equipment for printing-presses and allied machines a specialty.

Numbering Machines.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY — See Typefounders.

Paper-Cutters.

OSWEGO MACHINE WORKS, Oswego, New York. Cutters exclu¬
sively. The Oswego, and Brown & Carver and Ontario.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

BARNHART BROTHERS & SPINDLER — See Typefounders.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY — See Typefounders.

GOLDING MFG. CO., Franklin. Mass., Golding and Pearl.

Photoengravers’ Machinery and Supplies.

THE OSTRANDER-SEYMOUR CO., general offices, Tribune bldg., Chi¬
cago. Eastern office, 38 Park row. New York. Send for catalogue.

Photoengravers’ Metal, Chemicals and Supplies.

NATIONAL STEEL & COPPER PLATE COMPANY, 542 South Dear¬
born st., Chicago, Ill. ; 805 Flatiron Bldg., New York city ; 1101

Locust st., St. Louis, Mo. ; 212 East Second st., Cincinnati, Ohio.

Photoengravers’ Screens.

LEVY, MAX, Wayne av. and Berkeley st., Wayne Junction, Philadel¬
phia, Pa.

Presses.

HOE, R., & CO., New York. Printing, stereotyping and electrotyping
machinery. Chicago offices, 544-546 S. Clark st.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY — See Typefounders.

R.R.B.

PADDING
GLUE

For Strength, Flexibility, Whiteness
and General Satisfaction.

ROBERT R. BURRAGE

83 Gold Street NEW YORK

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

THE INLAND PRINTER

113

Printers’ Rollers and Roller Composition.

BINGHAM'S, SAM’L, SON MFG. CO., 636-704 Sherman st„ Chicago;

Tex. ; 719-721 Fourth st., S., Minneapolis, Minn. ; 609-611 Chestnut st.,
Des Moines, Iowa ; Shuey Factories Bldg., Springfield, Ohio.

BINGHAM BROTHERS COMPANY, 406 Pearl st., New York; also
131 Colvin st., Baltimore, Md. ; 521 Cherry st., Philadelphia, and 89
Allen sL, Rochester, N. Y.

Allied Firm;

Bingham & Runge, East 12th st. and Powers av., Cleveland, Ohio.

WILD & STEVENS, INC., 5 Purchase st., cor. High, Boston, Mass.
Established 1850.

Printers’ Steel Equipment.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY, originators and manufacturers of steel
equipment for complete printing-plants. See Typefounders.

Printers’ Supplies.

BARNHART BROTHERS & SPINDLER — See Typefounders.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO — See Typefounders.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY — See Typefounders.

Printing Machinery, Rebuilt.

BARNHART BROTHERS & SPINDLER — See Typefounders.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY — See Typefounders.

Printing Machinery, Secondhand.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY — See Typefounders.

Printing Material.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO — See Typefounders.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY — See Typefounders.

Punching Machines.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY — See Typefounders.

Rebuilt Printing-Presses.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

GOLDING MFG. CO., Franklin, Mass. All makes. Big values.

Roughing Machines.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

Static Neutralisers.

THOMPSON STATIC NEUTRALIZER eliminates electricity in paper.
Sole manufacturers K. K. Dispeller. 223 W. Erie st., Chicago.

Stereotyping Outfits.

A COLD SIMPLEX STEREOTYPING OUTFIT produces finest book
and job plates, and your type is not in danger of ruin by heat ; also
easy engraving method costing only $3 with materials, by which en¬
graved plates are cast in stereo metal from drawings on cardboard.
ACME DRY PROCESS STEREOTYPING — This is a new process for
fine job and book work. Matrices are molded in a job-press on spe¬
cial Matrix Boards. The easiest of all stereotyping processes. Catalogue
on receipt of two stamps. HENRY KAHRS, 240 E. 33d st., New York.

Typecasting Machines.

THOMPSON TYPE MACHINE CO., the Thompson typecaster, 223 W.
Erie st., Chicago ; 38 Park row. New York.

Typefounders.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO., original designs in type and deco¬
rative material, greatest output, most complete selection. Dealer in
wood type, printing machinery and printers’ supplies of all kinds.
Send to nearest house for latest type specimens. Houses — Boston, 270
Congress st. ; New York, 200 William st. ; Philadelphia, 17 S. 6th st. ;
Baltimore, 215 Guilford av. ; Richmond, 1320 E. Franklin st. ; Buffalo,
45 N. Division st. ; Pittsburgh, 323 3d av. ; Cleveland, 15 St. Clair av.,
N.-E. ; Cincinnati, 646 Main st. ; St. Louis, 23 S. 9th st. ; Chicago,
210 W. Monroe st. ; Detroit, 43 W. Congress st. ; Kansas City, 602
Delaware st. ; Minneapolis, 419 4th st. ; Denver, 1621 Blake st. ; Los
Angeles, 121 N. Broadway ; San Francisco, 820 Mission st. ; Portland,
92 Front st. ; Spokane, 340 Sprague av. ; Winnipeg, Can., 175 McDer-
mot av.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY, makers of printing type of quality,
brass rule, printei-s’ requisites and originators and manufacturers
of steel equipment for printing-plants. Address our nearest house for
printed matter — Philadelphia, 9th and Spruce sts. ; New York, Lafay¬
ette and Howard sts. ; Boston, 78 India st. ; Chicago, 1108 South
Wabash av. ; Detroit, 42 Darned st., West; Kansas City, 10th and
Wyandotte sts. ; Atlanta, 24 South Forsythe st., and San Francisco,
638-640 Mission st.

BARNHART BROTHERS & SPINDLER, manufacturers and origina¬
tors of type-faces, borders, ornaments, cuts, electric-welded chases,
all-brass galleys and other printers’ supplies. Houses at — -Chicago,
Dallas, Kansas City, St. Paul, Washington, D. C., St. Louis, Omaha,
Seattle.

HANSEN, H. C„ TYPE FOUNDRY (estalished 1872), 190-192 Con¬
gress st., Boston ; 535-547 Pearl st., cor. Elm, New York.

LET US estimate on your type requirements. EMPIRE TYPE FOUN¬
DRY, Buffalo, N. Y.

Wire-Stitchers.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

Wood Goods.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

llllllllllllllllllllll . Illlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll | % $ 1 . . .

Defiance Bond

Business That Stays

With You

The kind of business that brings you in touch with

ij§

substantial customers like banks, insurance com-

panies and large corporations is the kind you want.

Letterheads, checks, drafts, deeds, bank notes, certifi-

§=

cates, policies — this is the kind of business that keeps

coming back and puts you in line for the “big stunts.”

§§

Defiance Bond brings and holds these worth while

customers. It is a beautiful stock, of the high grade

of the Weston Linen Record Paper, with the same

remarkable writing and printing surface. ° For litho-

graphic work, Defiance Bond is especially fine.

§i

The beauty, dignity and wonderful wearing qualities

of Defiance Bond put it in a class by itself. No other

paper can ever take its place with users.

■

Make your next “campaign” on Defiance Bond.

Send for generous tryout samples , and prices.

■

Byron Weston Company

“The Paper Valley of the Berkshire s”

DALTON, MASS.

' . . . . . . . ■ .

Cent-A»Post

( Auto-Lock )

ENVELOPES

J. WEST, Mfr 301-303 Adams St., BROOKLYN, N. Y.

For Circular Use!

BEST MADE
PRICE LOW

EMBOSSING IS EASY

If you use STEWART’S EMBOSSING BOARD
Simple, economical, durable

Sheets, 6x9 inches $1.00 a Dozen, postpaid

THE INLAND PRINTER COMPANY

632 Sherman Street, CHICAGO

E.B.ROGERS.22 fountain sloranglmass.

1-8

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers .

IMPRESSIONS

$UUU PER HOUR

New York* 38 Park Row Chicago* Rand-McNally Bldg*

GOLDING JOBBERS, CUTTERS, TOOLS, PEARL PRESSES

On 10x15 jobs printed two up is
a fair hand-feed average for the

GOLDING ART JOBBER

No automatic feed
can equal it.

WEIGHT

12 1 18-2800 lbs.
15x21—3150 lbs.

STRENGTH — If the Golding Art Jobber
actually contains more weight of Iron and Steel,
and all impressional parts work from positive fixed
centers (no cams or sliding surf aces), doesn’t it stand
to reason that it is stronger , more rigid and durable ?

DUPLEX DISTRIBUTION— This

means two distinct distributions from two separate
points at each impression. The four-roller distribu¬
tion going down from fountain, and the four-roller
distribution going up from the duplex distributor.

Treble Distribution — Is obtained by add¬
ing Vibrating Riding Rollers as an extra distribu¬
tion if needed on a difficult form. The distribution
of the Golding Art Jobber eliminates double rolling.

SPEED — The press is designed for a high
speed, and the dwell of platen and convenience
of make-ready make possible a higher average of
production.

Strength — Distribution — Speed —
assures quality production — with Profit.

These claims we back up by an actual demon¬
stration to the skeptical, or the press can be seen
in regular performance in hundreds of print-shops.

Write for a copy of “A Catechism on the
Golding Jobber. ”

Golding Manufacturing Co.

Franklin, Massachusetts

SpeedmdPtom

This S. & S. High-Speed Rotary Press
makes a clean profit on every job you
feed it. It delivers at a guaranteed speed
of 7,000 to 8,000 impressions an hour. It
makes money on jobs now generally done
at a loss or on a very small margin.

The press is quickly prepared for action.
Adjustments are simple and the operation
automatic. The work is always in sight.
The sheets are delivered right side up
and perfectly jogged underneath the
feeding table.

Stokes & Smith
Rotary Press

is extremely rigid and is built for long life
and hard service. It will easily earn its
price by enabling you to get competitive
business that you couldn’t reach without
it. It is ideal for the general run of com¬
mercial printing such as tags, labels,
letter-heads, envelopes and general job-
work of wide range. The press is a marvel
of convenience and efficiency — compact,
smooth-running and a wonder for capacity .

Write to-day for catalog and full information.

No obligation, of course.

Stokes & Smith Company

Northeast Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pa.
London Office, 23 Goswell Road

114

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

OUP

Ivin

Designed and Hand-lettered by J. L. Frazier.

J '

P-

<2& INLAND PRINTER

ITAe Leading Iradejbmna! of fte World
in tRe Printing and Allied Industries

Lrrtfi-Jira. np.2in» nrx net fin .nri-rt nn nfi nfi iln n.a./iLi .na .ran nrxXUx an xifo. zira nfi tin, .nfx ntr. nxi nJh. ilta x2.rx. n rv.

Vol. 60

NOVEMBER, 1917

OUT OF BLUNDER' LAND

By MICHAEL GROSS

I KNEW that I was almost through
Blunder-land, with its quagmires and pit-
falls, as soon as I found myself gaining
enough confidence in my ability to fight
a customer at his own game instead of submit¬
ting meekly to anything he tried to put over.
But one of my customers evidently failed to dis¬
cern any difference in me. He, no doubt, thought
I was anchored firmly in that ill-favored land,
and would never fight clear. That man was
Payton, one of the most consistent kickers on
my list. I have often imagined that Payton
kicked for the sheer joy that he found in it; in
no other way can I explain his constant fault¬
finding, unless — and this thought has only come
to me lately — it was because of the ease with
which I let him get away with it. He would
kick if we took too long to turn out a sketch —
and he would kick that we were neglecting the
work if we rushed it through. If a design was
in bright colors, it was too loud — and too sub¬
dued if we made it in flat tones. If we — but
you, no doubt, have a “Payton” on your list
and know his type only too well.

His pet complaint, however, and the one he
used the most because it was the most profitable,
was to kick that we had delivered a job short.
As an instance: We would ship him two cases,
each containing one hundred bundles of blot¬
ters, with one thousand blotters in each bundle.
A day later Payton would send for me and say
2-3

that his receiving-clerk had written in from the
factory and mentioned that one of our cases had
contained only ninety-eight bundles. Payton
would seem so incensed over the thing, and
swear that we were trying to “do” him, that,
in fear of losing his business, I would run back
and convince the boss that there really was a
shortage, even though the pressman who ran the
job, the shipping-clerk who shipped it, and every¬
one else in the place swore that Payton was
wrong and that each case had contained full
count. We would give Payton credit for the
shortage he claimed, and then he would forgive
me until the next shipment. But, as I say, lack
of discernment in not noting that I had cleared
Blunder-land, and was now out in the sunlight
of real salesmanship, made Mr. Payton try the
game once too often.

We had made an advance shipment of ten
thousand booklets on an order of a hundred
thousand to his factory. Payton, as usual, im¬
mediately complained that he had received only
ninety-five hundred. Without a word, I allowed
him the cost of the five hundred booklets, a
matter of about fifteen dollars. This proved
to him, without a doubt, I was still wallowing
around in the Blunder-land mire, which was
just the impression I wanted him to get. Three
days later, when the balance of the job was
ready to go out, I sat down and wrote Mr.
Payton the following interesting letter :

178

THE INLAND PRINTER

“We are shipping to your factory today the
balance of your order, consisting of ninety thou¬
sand booklets. Inasmuch as you have com¬
plained of a shortage on the advance shipment,
I am taking extraordinary care to have this lot

carefully checked up. I know you will have no
cause for complaint, as I, myself, saw each pack¬
age of booklets counted before it was put into
the packing-case. I want to show you that we
can fill your order right, even though it entails
the unusual precautions that were employed in
getting out this shipment.”

I had a sort of hunch that this kind of let¬
ter, playing up all the trouble we had gone to
in making a careful count, would move Payton
to sarcasm, and bring back just the reply I hoped
for. When the letter was written and mailed,
I went out into the shipping-department and left
instructions that the case of booklets for Mr.
Payton was not to be sent out until I gave the
word.

Two days after I sent off my letter, an answer
came from Mr. Payton. It read:

“ If you, yourself, saw ninety thousand book¬
lets in the case you sent to my factory a few days
ago, you had better consult an oculist. Your
eyes are bad. My receiving-clerk reports that,
by a real count, you sent us exactly eighty-six
thousand. Kindly allow us credit for the short¬
age of four thousand booklets when you make
out your bill to cover this shipment.”

Blunder-land seemed a thing of the dim and
distant past when I got that note, for I knew I
had Mr. Payton “on the hip,” so to speak. I
sat down and wrote him another letter.

“My dear Mr. Payton,” I started it, most

affectionately, “ I regret very much that, through
an oversight, the case of ninety thousand book¬
lets I mentioned in my last letter as having gone
forward to your factory has not yet left our
shipping-room. It will be sent out immediately,
however, by fast freight. Your
letter calling our attention to the
fact that your receiving-clerk has,
by means of a real count, discov¬
ered a shortage of four thousand
booklets in this case, is at hand,
and I can assure you, Mr. Payton,
that your claim for a credit to
cover this shortage will be given
our very careful and considerate
attention.”

A few days after this letter
went out, we got a four-page apol¬
ogy from Mr. Payton, in which he
said that his receiving-clerk had
made a mistake. He asked us to send on the
case of booklets and the bill covering it. He
would see to it, the letter ended, that there would
be no trouble about the payment — and I can
assure you there wasn’t; nor on any shipment
we sent him after that.

If any doubts as to my being out of Blunder-
land by this time remained to trouble me, they

So I sat home nights for a whole week.

were speedily dispelled by the streak of real
salesmanship I displayed in handling my next
customer. Lest this seem like boasting, let me
hasten to add that no one, not even my boss,
was more surprised than I at the exhibition. I
never thought it was in me.

THE INLAND PRINTER

179

One of my customers, who was sending a
mailing-card and a folder to his trade every
month, had been in the habit of writing the copy
himself and then calling in four or five printing
salesmen and pitting them one against the other
to see who would get the order.

It was purely competitive — the
lowest man nailing the business
— and there were certainly some
pretty exhibitions of price-cutting
and underbidding on that order
every month. I know, because
I was given a chance to figure
on each job, and would -slash
prices with the rest of the bunch,
now getting an order and now
losing it to some one else by a
few measly dollars. The thought
never occurred to me then that,
by a little effort, I could eliminate
all competition. But now, my eyes clear of the
fog and haze of Blunder-land, I saw distinctly
that the only way to get the business, and to nail
it down securely, was not to cut the life out

of each order, but to give the customer service

— something the other fellows had not even
thought of offering him.

So I sat home nights for a whole week, and
racked my brain getting up the best copy I could
for a year’s series of mailing-cards and folders.
When this copy was written and rewritten until
it was as perfect as I knew how to make it, I
got our artist to draw up a series of sketches

— a different catchy design for each folder and

card. I pasted each piece of copy to the sketch
it was to be printed on, and then went to see
my customer.

I laid the sketches out on his desk and let him
study them for awhile. Then I explained the

advantages he could obtain by placing an order
for the entire series. Not only would he get a
series that “followed through” in natural se¬
quence, because it had all been prepared at once,
but we could run twelve up and
save money for him in that way.
I got that order for a year’s sup¬
ply without having to fight for it.
Nor was it necessary to cut my
price. I just used a little sales¬
manship plus a little gray matter.

Another discovery I made, as
soon as I got out of Blunder-
land, was that the old-fashioned
salesman who had “ a gift of
gab ” and nothing much of any¬
thing else was becoming as ex¬
tinct as the ancient dinosauria.
I came to realize that, no matter
how cultivated and suave my
voice sounded, or how absorbing
my selling-talk was, a customer never enjoyed
it quite as much, or was half as interested in it,
as he was at hearing his own voice; that, for
this reason, it was far easier and better to let
a customer talk himself into giving me an order
than for me to try and talk one out of him.

I also learned that when my cue did come,
and I commenced to talk, it behooved me to
make sure that I was talking to my customer,
and not at him — and that the difference between

I laid the sketches out on his desk
and let him study them.

180

THE INLAND PRINTER

the one and the other was the difference between
an order and a turn-down.

Another thing I learned was to look on print¬
ing as being more than an arrangement of paper
and inks that I was supposed to peddle out at
any price the customer wanted to pay. I realized
that our presses, our new type-faces, and our
big plant were not always my best selling-points ;
that what I was really selling was “ a stimu¬
lant which caused the life-blood to flow faster
through the arteries of trade,” as some one has
so aptly expressed it. So, instead of filling a
customer full of useless information regarding
new processes that he was not interested in, and
new presses that he did not give a hang about,
I tried to study his business so that I might be
in a position to suggest ways in which he could
utilize salesmanship on paper to move his prod¬
uct off the dealer’s shelf faster than it was mov¬
ing. I found that in no other subject was he so
vitally interested, and that through no other
method could I so firmly intrench myself in his
good graces.

I became a partner — a silent partner, it is
true, but a partner nevertheless — in each of
my customers’ businesses; and, as a partner, I
saw that it was up to me to take note of each
selling-scheme, each new method of distribution,
each good publicity stunt, that I came across in
my travels, and to figure out how it could be
adopted and used in some one of the businesses

in which I was interested. At the end of the
year I found that my many partners had not
forgotten me nor the services I had rendered,
for my order-book showed that I had received
a share of the dividends in increased business.

I learned to take a pride in my profession —
to strive to master it as well as does any artizan
in his chosen field. I saw that it had been through
the salesman and his work that the poor man’s
lowly home of today contained more comforts
than did a king’s palace in the old days; that
when a new invention came along, it was the
salesman who took the thing up and made peo¬
ple try it in spite of themselves, until they were
finally convinced that they could not get along
without it; that the inventors of the sewing-
machine, the cash-register, the incandescent
light, the phonograph, and other things we deem
necessities today, were laughed at until some
salesman or salesmen took hold of their inven¬
tions and showed the public that it was to their
benefit to buy and use them.

I had traveled a hard road — harder, I be¬
lieve, than does the average novice who starts
in the game of selling. I had received some
mighty hard knocks, but, as I gaze back in retro¬
spect, I see that it was a road that could not be
successfully climbed without these very knocks,
and that the bitter struggle up to the heights
gave an added joy to the attainment of the final
goal — a right to the title of “ Salesman.’'

WORK

THE law of nature is, that a cer¬
tain quantity of work is necessary to
produce a certain quantity of good of any
kind whatever. If you want knowledge,
you must toil for it ; if food, you must toil
for it ; and if pleasure, you must toil for it.

RUSKIN

THE INLAND PRINTER

181

CONSERVING THE HEALTH OF WORKERS IN
THE PRINTING INDUSTRY

By FRANCIS L. BURT

A S a result of an exhaustive study of

/ \ conditions in the printing industry,
the Bureau of Labor Statistics, of
■JL JL. the United States Department of
Labor, has prepared a long and interesting re¬
port in which are contained a number of excel¬
lent suggestions for the conservation of the
health of workers in the trade. This study was
made primarily to discover what influence, if
any, the presence of lead and other less impor¬
tant toxic substances has upon the men engaged
in the printing trade, and, incidentally, to ob¬
serve all the features of the industry which
might have an indirect bearing on health. The
investigations were conducted in the cities of
Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore,
Washington, Chicago and St. Louis, which were
regarded as having typical industrial conditions,
and an inspection was made of 130 plants in
which all the processes used in printing, includ¬
ing typefounding, were studied. One hundred
printers in each of the cities of Chicago and
Boston consented to a thorough physical exami¬
nation by physicians who had had special expe¬
rience in detecting occupational disease.

According to the bureau, the special dangers
to be considered in the printing trade, especially
in hand composition, linotype and monotype
casting, stereotyping and electrotyping, are the
exposure to lead and antimony dust and to pos¬
sible fumes from molten lead; to various vola¬
tile poisons used in cleaning press-rollers and
old type; to irritating and toxic fumes from
remelting ink-covered type-metal, and to poi¬
sonous fumes from the gas-burners under the
various typecasting machines.

In all countries the printer’s trade has been
considered as an occupation unhealthful beyond
the average, and this belief is borne out by sta¬
tistics, which show an abnormally high sickness
rate and death rate for printers as compared
with all occupied males. Examination of all
available sources of information in the United
States shows that in this country the printer’s
trade is productive of more illness than would

be expected in an industry where wages are high,
hours usually not long, and where there is no
gross contamination of the air nor exposure to
excessive heat or cold, nor overexertion. Amer¬
ican printers suffer far more from tuberculosis
than do occupied males in general.

The unhealthful features of the industry are
the following: It is an indoor occupation, often
carried on in vitiated air; it requires little phys¬
ical exertion, and, in consequence, the printer’s
circulation is apt to be sluggish and he is over¬
sensitive to cold; the nervous strain is great;
the printer is exposed to the effect of various
poisonous substances, the most important of
which is lead.

The investigation showed that lead-poisoning
may be acquired in any of a number of opera¬
tions of daily occurrence in printing-plants, such
as stereotyping, electrotyping, typecasting, ma¬
chine typecasting, etc. Lead-poisoning in print¬
ers is of a slow, chronic form, and in time leads
to any of a number of other diseases. Foreign
experts say that lead-poisoning is unimportant
as a cause of death among printers, but impor¬
tant as a cause of sickness; the same thing seems
to be true of American printers.

In addition to lead, printers are exposed more
or less to certain other poisons: Antimony, in
type-metal; carbon monoxid from gas-burners;
volatile petroleum products or coal-tar products
used to clean type and press-rollers; turpentine
used for the same purpose; anilin oil and pos¬
sibly wood alcohol and tetrachlorid of carbon,
used as roller cleaners; lye water, for washing
type and forms; acrolein fumes, which develop
when old, ink-covered type is being remelted.

The study in these seven cities showed that
disease-producing conditions are to be found in
many shops, although in general there has been
a marked improvement in sanitation during re¬
cent years, and several model establishments
were encountered.

“There has been a very great improvement
of late years in the construction of printing-
establishments,” declared the investigators in

182

THE INLAND PRINTER

their report, “ as can be seen when some of the
old buildings in Boston or Philadelphia, or even
Chicago, are compared with those constructed
within the past ten or fifteen years. Formerly,
it was taken for granted that printing should
be, for the most part, carried on in small, low,
dark, crowded rooms, with dirt-incrusted floors,
dim windows never opened, and furniture cov¬
ered with the accumulated dust of years. Now,
such a place is the exception, and in every one
of the seven cities which were visited in the
course of this inquiry more than one model
establishment was found, large and clean, and
even beautiful. To be sure, there remains still
much room for improvement in the average
plant, and the best establishments sometimes
reveal a surprising amount of oversight or neg¬
lect, so that employees who are enjoying the
luxury of lunch-rooms and of bubbling foun¬
tains with iced water may at the same time be
running the risk of lead-poisoning from quite
preventable dust or fumes. The sanitation of
this industry has not proceeded along logical
lines, doing away with the dangers in the order
of their importance, and providing first for
safety, second for comfort and beauty; rather
it has proceeded capriciously, and the desirable
has sometimes been given more attention than
the really essential. Attractively painted walls
in the composing-room are pleasant, but hot
water to enable the compositor to get the lead
off his hands before he eats his lunch is decid¬
edly more important. It is a matter of surprise
to find in an apparently model establishment,
one which is an evident source of pride to the
proprietors, such a really insanitary feature as
the placing of the melting-pot for old metal in
the composing-room.

“ Standards of cleanliness in American print¬
ing-offices are certainly much higher than they
were formerly. Not many badly neglected
places were seen in the course of this investiga¬
tion; by far the greater number were fairly
clean, and a goodly number were beautifully
clean in most of the departments. The stand¬
ards are, of course, largely dependent on the
character of the man in charge, and it is by no
means always the small and cheap plants that
are the most neglected.”

Many foreign countries require a certain
standard of cleanliness in printing-establish¬

ments, and specify how often they must be
cleaned, and even painted or whitewashed.
Agents of the bureau studied these laws in
conjunction with their investigation, finally se¬
lecting the Norwegian as the best of the for¬
eign regulations governing the management of
printing-offices.

Norway’s regulations, briefly stated, are as
follows :

1. — The floor must be washed weekly with warm water
and soft soap and all furniture and other surfaces (this
includes stoves) wiped off with a wet cloth. The floor
must be smooth and must either be painted or finished
with an oil that is not sticky. The cases, cabinets, etc.,
must be so placed that there are no spaces between them
which can not be reached for cleaning.

2. — Daily, after work is over, the floor must be wiped
with a wet cloth. No person under eighteen years may do
the cleaning.

3. — Windows and window-sills must be washed once
a month.

4. — Twice a year there must be a house-cleaning, all
the furniture thoroughly cleaned, type-cases removed and
made dust free, walls and ceilings washed or covered
with whitewash.

5. — There must be one spittoon for each workman,
filled with water, and emptied and cleaned daily.

6. — Type-cases must be cleaned at least every three
months by an adult workman outside the workroom in
the open air. He must protect his nose and mouth while
he does it.

7. — In the composing-room there must be enough
water, soap and towels to enable each compositor to wash
easily. Soap and towels are to be supplied by the em¬
ployer. Compositors must wash before eating lunch and
before quitting work.

8. — The temperature of the room at the level of' a
man’s head must be between 140 and 160 Reaumur (63.5°
and 68°F.). There must be proper provisions for heating
and ventilating in charge of a competent person.

9. — The room should be ventilated, preferably by cross
draft, at noon and after work. Smoking is forbidden.

These regulations were promulgated in 1896,
and in 1907 this further provision was added:

10. — The melting-pot for linotype-metal must be so
arranged as to prevent heat radiation as much as possible.
Gases must be drawn away from the workroom.

The conditions of boys and women in the
trade were also investigated. It was found that
while the typographical unions more or less rig¬
idly supervised the course of work to be fol¬
lowed by apprentices, and limited the number
of apprentices permitted to a shop, there are no
rules against entrusting apprentices with work
which is hazardous because of lead fumes or
lead dust as there are in many European coun¬
tries, where it is recognized that young people

THE INLAND PRINTER

183

are much more susceptible to lead-poisoning
than mature men.

The boys in American shops are not pro¬
tected at all from the dangers incidental to or
inherent in the trade. Copyholders and errand-
boys may not, according to union ruling, set or
distribute type or break up forms, but they often
do the sweeping and tend the melting-pot, and,
besides the apprentices, there often are a num¬
ber of others acting as floor boys or porters, and
open to the same dangers as are the apprentices.
In fact, the investigators found boys doing a
number of actually dangerous things as part of
their daily work.

While special attention was paid to women
in the industry, there was nothing found espe¬
cially affecting them. They are, of course, sub¬
jected to the same dangers of poisoning as are
the men, and, because of their physical refine¬
ment, are doubly endangered. It was pointed
out that in European countries there has always
been great objection to the employment of
women in printing-plants because of the dan¬
gers of poison, but it was found that the occu¬
pations entered by women in the United States
are largely those which do not expose them to
lead-poisoning or to other special dangers. In
this country they are freely admitted to the
trade, and while some foremen believe that the
work is not well adapted to feminine strength
and endurance, others say that women hold out
quite as well as men on the machines and that
there is nothing in the work of the composing-
room that is beyond their strength. All agree
that women make excellent proofreaders, and
in union shops proofreaders must be practical
printers, as must also the keyboard operators
for the monotype machines.

Among the findings of the investigators were
several of a nature that could easily be remedied,
as with the following:

Ventilation is often inadequate, for where
ordinary window ventilation is depended on the
men usually refuse to permit the windows to be
opened except in warm weather.

Type-cases with lead dust are commonly
blown clean with a bellows, and this endangers
the man who does it and sometimes others in
the composing-room. Dry sweeping of lead
fragments and dust, and dry dusting and clean¬
ing of typecasting machines are usual.

Processes involving exposure to lead dust and
fumes are often carried on in the same room
with processes quite free from such danger.

Boys are required to do work exposing them
to lead dust, to the effects of which they are
more susceptible than are adults.

Washing facilities are, in the majority of
printing-shops, very inadequate, and men who
bring their lunch to the shop often eat with
hands only partly cleaned.

Naked gas-burners are used for typecasting
machines and melting-pots, and the gas is
allowed to contaminate the air in many shops.

“ Prevention of occupational disease among
printers requires the following measures,” sum¬
marizes the report: “Ample ventilation in all
sorts of weather; electric heating of metal-pots
or exhaust ventilation to carry off gas fumes;
scrupulous cleanliness of the premises; no dry
sweeping or dry dusting or blowing out of type-
cases, or dry cleaning of casting-machines and
plungers; proper lighting; separation of proc¬
esses which produce lead dust or fumes from
other processes; prevention of excessive heat,
especially moist heat; ample washing facilities;
no excessive speeding up or excessively long
hours; prohibition of boys’ work in processes
involving exposure to lead dust or fumes.”

The bureau, it will be seen, advocates nothing
that can not easily be accomplished in any
printing-plant, as is evidenced by the fact that
more plants of a model character may be found
daily. On the whole, the report contains little
or no criticism of conditions in the trade gen¬
erally; such a verdict could not have been ren¬
dered twenty-five years ago, and, judging from
the tone of the report, it will be but a few years
before conditions in the printing industry are as
near an ideal healthfulness as can be secured.

GENIUS: There is no genius in life like the
genius of energy and industry. — D. G. Mitchell.

184

THE INLAND PRINTER

COMPARATIVE TYPE SPACE

By C. H. CLENDENING

IT is often necessary to determine the
amount of space printed copy will fill
when it is reset in a different size of type.
This is especially important when pre¬
paring copy consisting principally of clippings
for publications with the idea of having it fill
a certain space. If, for instance, the clippings
are eight-point, thirteen picas, solid, to be reset
in ten-point, twenty picas, leaded, the amount

square inches when reset in ten-point, solid. As
we have twenty-four square inches of six-point
copy, there will be twenty-four times 2.78 or
66.72 square inches of ten-point type.

After the number of square inches of type the
copy will make is found, the linear or column
inches can be ascertained by dividing the width
of the column in inches into the total number of
square inches.

Five-point.

Sis-point.

Eight-point.

Nine-point.

Ten-point.

Eleven-point.

Twelve-point.

Solid.

Leaded.

Solid.

Leaded.

Solid.

Leaded.

Solid.

Leaded.

Solid.

Leaded.

Solid.

Leaded.

Solid.

Leaded.

,rl„:nJSolid .

.83

.69

.52

.39

.325

.31

.252

.25

.21

.208

.175

.17

.15

5-P°mtf Leaded .

1.2

.83

.625

.47

.375

.37

,303

.25

.248

.21

.18

1.44

1.2

.75

.56

.405

.44

.363

.36

.29

.25

.21

Leaded .

1.92

1.6

1.33

.75

.59

.484

.48

.39

.33

.28

Rnnint/Solid .

2.56

2.13

1.78

1.33

.79

.646

.64

.533

.53

.45

.44

.38

8-P°lnt\Leaded .

3.2

2.66

2.22

1.66

1.26

.99

.81

.80

.667

.66

.58

.55

.47

0 nnintf Solid .

3.24

2.7

2.25

1.68

1.26

1.01

.82

.81

.675

.67

.566

.56

.47

e-pmn^Leaded .

3.96

3.3

2.7

2.06

1.54

1.23

1.22

.99

.825

.81

.69

.68

.59

3.33

2.78

2.08

1.56

1.25

1.23

1.01

.833

.83

.69

10-P°mt\Leaded .

4.8

3.33

2.5

1.87

1.5

1.48

1.21

1.2

.99

.84

.83

.71

4 84

4.03

3.36

2.52

1.89

1.51

1.49

1.22

1.21

1.01

.85

.84

.72

U-P°lnt\Leaded .

5.72

4.76

3.97

2.97

2.23

1.78

1.76

1.44

1.43

1.19

1.18

.99

.85

in _„.„JSolid .

5.76

4.8

2.25

1.8

1.78

1.45

1.44

1.2

1.19

.86

12-pomt|Leaded .

6.72

5.3

4.66

3.5

2.62

2.1

2.07

1.69

1.68

1.4

1.38

1.17

1.16

Directions. — Select the size of type corresponding to your copy from the sizes given at the top of the table. Read down
to the horizontal line representing the size of type in which the copy is to be set. The number found here will be the coeffi¬
cient representing the amount of space one square inch of the copy will fill when reset in the type of the selected size. Multiply
the number of square inches of type by the coefficient and the result will be the amount of space the copy will fill.

of copy required for the given space is usually
determined by guess. To facilitate the task of
estimating copy of this nature, and at the same
time have the result exact to a reasonable de¬
gree, the accompanying table has been prepared.

The table shows the comparative amounts of
space occupied by the various sizes of type, from
five to twelve point, leaded and solid. Reading
down the columns, under the different headings
will be found coefficients showing the amount of
space one square inch of copy set in one size of
type will fill when it is reset in type of another
size. Suppose we have twenty-four square
inches of six-point, solid, to be reset in ten-point,
solid. Read down the “solid” column in the six-
point section until the horizontal line giving the
coefficient of ten-point, solid, is reached. In this
case the coefficient is found to be 2.78, which rep¬
resents the ratio to 1 that the space filled by ten-
point, solid, is to the space filled by six-point,
solid, for the same matter. In other words, one
square inch of six-point, solid, will fill 2.78

When the number of column inches is all that
is necessary to be found, the process can be short¬
ened by employing cancellation. In order to do
this it is necessary to have the dimensions of the
copy as well as the column to be set expressed
in picas. Suppose eight pages of five-point,
solid, 15 by 24 picas measure, are to be reset in
ten-point, solid, eighteen picas wide. By refer¬
ring to the table, we find the coefficient of five-
point, solid, for ten-point, solid, is 4. Then 8
X 1 5 X 24, representing the number of square
picas in the copy, multiplied by the coefficient, is
the dividend. Now, if the dividend is divided
by the width of the column in picas, the result
will be the length of the entire column in picas.
As there are six picas to the inch, the length of
the column in picas divided by 6 will be the
length of the column in inches. Thus we have
the formula complete :

8X15X24X4 10 6^3, the number of

iS X 6 linear inches of type.

THE INLAND PRINTER

185

FROM COPYHOLDER TO PROOFREADER

No. 2.— By H. B. COOPER

HOW did I learn about the commas?

Looking back upon that experience,
I can see that when I completed my
college course of study I was initi¬
ated into the use of commas quite sufficiently for
all editorial purposes. Indeed, I helped to edit
a children’s magazine for eight years thereafter
without any poignant realization of my short¬
comings in that line. I was a match for any
editor in making haphazard dabs with red ink
wherever I imagined a comma should be or
should not be, and as often as not I made the
copy worse, trying to make it better. Doubtless,
professional proofreaders in those days watched
out for mistakes as they followed my red trail.
For from my varied subsequent experiences in
the proofroom I can assure you that every little
haphazard dab of red means that something is
more than likely to be wrong.

To distinguish between editorial and proof¬
reader’s marks, let me say that we in the well-
ordered proofroom do nothing at haphazard.
We have to know what we are doing, and why,
every minute of the day. If we mark twenty
commas in or out, we can give twenty very good
reasons for the changes. And you will have to
grant us that our commas in or out help the shad¬
ing a little, even when they are not necessary to
sense or syntax. That is what we work for in
comma effects — not to prove that the commas
were wrong the other way, but that they are
better this way. Often it is just the difference
between “open” and “close” punctuation.
Superfluous commas that are not necessary to
help the sense are usually better out than in.
Sometimes the deletion of a comma brings two
infinitives closer together, or makes more evi¬
dent a parallel construction. But how to weigh
the commas in so delicate a balance — that is
what the copyholder wants to know.

You remember that I had had the unusual and
great advantage of setting type at the case, cor¬
recting my own galleys, and holding copy in the
proofroom off and on for years while I wa.
acquiring my education. Also, during my last
year at college I privately studied a proof¬

reader’s handbook of punctuation by one of the
authorities of the day, thinking to master that
subject and go out into the business world — a
proofreader ! But proofreaders are not so
made.

The rules for punctuation were too many, and
they all seemed to run into one another and get
tangled up. Exceptions to the rules then came
along, and if they had been on mischief bent they
could not have done more than they did to com¬
plicate the simple rules, to crowd them out of my
mind and — most serious consequence of all —
to rob me of any sense of mastership or control.
A proofreader, quite as much as a school¬
teacher, needs to be able to speak with the voice
of authority and to keep her restless, sometimes
obstreperous, charges absolutely in control. It
takes a certain knack to manage all the complex
elements that go to make up a printed page, so
as to be sure that no word, letter or mark of
punctuation has another’s place, and that every¬
thing is as it should be. Otherwise it might as
well be bedlam.

Really, a printed page is absurdly like a
schoolroom, if you look at it in that light; and
my experience as proofreader in those after¬
college days might well have been a duplicate of
the experience of one of my college classmates
— a would-be teacher — who writes:

“ Like all other graduates, I left the doors of
our Alma Mater with a mighty resolve to be of
some use in the world. I intended to be a
teacher, and a good one. I met an unexpected
difficulty at the outset, however, for the children
would not sit down. I had always supposed
children sat down in school as a matter of
course, but it seems they do not. There is some
magic way of making them do it, and I had not
the art. After an arduous winter I declined the
invitation to try it again, and it was in a more
humble frame of mind that I turned to some¬
thing else.”

Similarly, I found after graduation that I had
not the authority of a master hand over the
printed page, to keep it error-proof in all its
details. This discovery I made “ on the side,”

186

THE INLAND PRINTER

in connection with editing the children’s maga¬
zine previously referred to. Some little imp of
mischief would always get away from me and
grin at my discomfiture. I could not keep my
pages up to typographical standards even as I
knew them myself. They had not the profes¬
sional touch about them. I was not sure, in any
given case, what to do or how to decide.

In the editorial chair I was more at home,
having studied good literature and familiarized
myself with its requirements. In language and
literature, more than in typography, I knew
whether a thing was right or wrong — recog¬
nized it as coming up to standard or not — and
myself had learned to do acceptable work.
What I could not grasp, in matters of typo¬
graphical detail, I left, in true editorial fashion,
to the proofreader, because I had “ no time ” to
attend to it; never admitting, you may be sure,
that I did not know how ! Why should I ad¬
mit it?

Then came a change over the spirit of my
dream. I was no longer an editor — no longer
could I turn even to teaching. And the stern
Law of Necessity ruled my life, so that I could
not stand by, waiting for this or that chosen
work, but must needs be thankful to earn my
daily bread at whatever I could find to do. I had
had my development through the years along
two distinct lines, literary and typographical,
and now Necessity merged them into one. I
waked up overnight to find myself a proof¬
reader.

It was in the office of a newspaper that had
never missed an issue since the Revolution. If
I should mention its loved and respected name,
it would be as familiar to many of my readers
as a household word. But what’s the use? It
went on the rocks long ago. Even the rats try
to leave a sinking ship; so, as our good ship
foundered and was wrecked by the heavy break¬
ers that rolled over it, it is not strange that it
lost its contingent of workers. I came in when
my predecessor had rowed away in a lifeboat,
metaphorically speaking, to save her own life.

And now I must give up my nautical figure,
for you will want to know literally what befell
me there. We were all in extremis together,
waiting for the end. Sometimes we were paid
for our night’s work, more often not. Up and
up mounted the unpaid wages, till they became

like a wall of protection around some of us who,
like myself, were not “ on to ” our jobs. I
should certainly have been discharged for in¬
competence if the foreman had had the where¬
withal to pay me and let me go ! But I was
better, perhaps, than just nobody at all, as I sat
in my little proofroom reading wildly through
the night, with no copyholder to help me except
on editorials and advertisements. There were
threatened walkouts, every three or four nights
or so, when a hurry call was sent over the tele¬
phone to our luckless editor and manager. The
poor man, to whom this experience became a
nightmare, was made to unburden himself of
whatever checks for advertising he had in his
pockets, and these were cashed and transferred
to our respective pockets. I was handed out my
five or ten dollars, like the rest — just enough
to keep us going until next time.

Let me confess : I would gladly have handed
back my fives and tens — all of them — or had
them charged up against me, in payment for the
wonderful opportunity that was mine. There
is no proofreading school in America like it.
When it was all over, and I lost $78.50 in the
final crash, without a murmur I let my unpaid
wages go for tuition money. And it was cheap
at that. The heroic experiences of three months
had made a proofreader of me!

But what kind of a proofreader? Ah, that’s
telling! The conditions of the office being so
demoralized, any changes in spacing, punctua¬
tion and divisions of words were simply not
wanted. Such corrections would not have been
made even if marked. Neither were style
changes supposed to be my affair. I could only
touch the high spots as I went along — wrong
names, dates, prices, misspellings, outs and
doublets, pi-lines, etc. I learned beautifully to
race along pell-mell over every “ comma place,”
without stopping to think that a comma should
be there if it wasn’t there !

Next came a book-office, where the authori¬
ties were particular about punctuation and style.
Imagine my plight ! I substituted there all sum¬
mer; and as the wage law of Massachusetts had
been my salvation in the newspaper-office, so it
needed a special dispensation of Providence to
hold down my book-office job for me five months,
until the last of the readers had returned in the
fall. Then I was laid off.

THE INLAND PRINTER

187

Up to this point I had acquired a fair working
knowledge of the uses of commas in the follow¬
ing constructions (for grouping, see Edwin C.
Woolley’s valuable handbook, “The Mechanics
of Writing”) :

(1) To avoid erroneous junction;

(2) To avoid erroneous non-junction;

(3) With coordinate elements;

(4) . . . v;

(5) With parenthetic elements, including:

(a) Conjunctive adverbs;

(b) Parenthetic phrases;

(d) Short predications;

(e) Vocatives;

( f ) Interjections and expletives;

(g) Geographical names ;

(h) Dates;

( 6 ) With direct quotation ;

(7) With other points.

Almost all my difficulties centered around
“ (4) With subordinate elements,” omitted in

above list because I was far from mastering it
that summer. I called it the “ elusive ” comma,
and recognized that it came or was omitted in
certain subordinate constructions necessitating
the distinction between restrictive and non-
restrictive words, phrases or clauses. When I
stopped to think, in any given case, I could
usually tell whether there was a restrictive or a
non-restrictive meaning, and could adjudge the
need for the comma accordingly. But at these
dangerous crossings, where in railroading there
would be a flagman waving a red flag — or at
least a Stop-Look-Listen sign by way of warn¬
ing — there was no one waving a red flag for
me. So without thought of danger I continued
to read right over these “comma places,” and
not until it was too late did I discover my mis¬
takes. Quite too many commas for my peace
of mind were marked into, or out of, my revised
proofs by the second galley reader who followed
up my work. With the close of summer the
“ elusive ” comma was still out of reach. I had
it yet to learn “ by dint of the bodkin.”

AN EXPERIMENT IN PRICES

By R. T. PORTE

IN every organized effort where the ques¬
tion of price is an element, there is always
the great cry of price-cutters. When
interviewing all the members of an indus¬
try, each will tell of some other as a price-cutter,
and give time, place and price. One gets rather
dizzy and confused after listening to some
twenty-five or thirty. All tell the same story as
to their prices being high, and that they would
be higher if it were not for the other fellow.
Once in a while you will run across a refresh¬
ingly frank fellow who admits his prices are low,
is glad they are low, and wants to always be
lower just to show he is not in the trust. It is
sad to note that with all such honesty, he lasts
but a short period of time — or if he does exist
for some time it is his standard of living that
makes it possible for him to continue. I have
met but one or two that honestly came out and
admitted their prices were low from a point of
wanting to be low, and placing the blame no¬
where else.

After a time one gets just a little tired of hav¬
ing the “other fellow” condemned, and you
wish you had the privilege of having the other
fellow answer back. How to do it in a large
way, and with no possible chance for argument,
has been somewhat of a problem.

The advent of a price-list with definite prices
opened up the way in one locality. Different
printers had been accused of cutting the list, and
the question, “Will they live up to it?” was
constantly being asked.

To answer these questions, I decided to send
some one to nearly every printer in the city and
secure prices on two thousand letter-heads, one
thousand one-half letter-heads, and one thou¬
sand envelopes — a common everyday request.
Fake copy was written, and an industrious young
man in six and one-half hours secured prices
from twenty-eight printers.

The list price for the letter-heads — both
quantities — is $11 and for the envelopes $4.50,
making a total of $15.50 for the job. Three of

188

THE INLAND PRINTER

the printers quoted correctly, and others hit
around generally.

For the purpose of comparison, the list of
printers is divided into members of the associa¬
tion and non-members. The result of the tabu¬
lation of prices is as follows:

MEMBERS.

No.

Letter-heads.

Envelopes.

Total.

1 .

. $12.75

$4.75

$17.50

2 .

. 12.00

4.50

16.50

3 .

. 13.75

5.20

18.95

4 .

. 13.00

4.50

17.50

5 .

4.50

17.75

6 .

. 12.25

4.50

16.75

7 .

. 11.75

4.75

16.50

8 .

. 13.00

4.50

17.50

9 .

16.00

10 .

. 11.00

4.50

15.50

11 .

. 11.00

4.50

15.50

12 .

. 11.00

4.50

15.50

13 .

. 10.75

4.75

15.50

14 .

. 10.75

5.00

15.75

15 .

. 12.00

4.50

16.50

16 .

. 10.50

4.50

15.00

17 .

. 10.50

4.50

15.00

18 .

. 10.25

4.25

14.50

19 .

. 10.00

4.50

14.50

NON-MEMBERS.

20 .

. $ 7.70

$3.80

$11.50

21 .

. 12.50

4.00

16.50

22 .

. 13.40

4.50

17.90

23 .

. 9.50

4.00

13.50

24 .

. 9.00

3.75

12.75

25 .

....

16.00

26 .

. 9.00

3.50

12.50

27 .

. 10.00

4.50

14.50

28 .

. 9.20

4.00

13.20

The lowest price given by members was
$14.50; the highest price, $18.95. The major¬
ity of the prices were around the list price.
Eleven prices were high, and but four under the
list. Investigation as to these four revealed the
fact that they were due to errors or a misunder¬

standing of the list. In no case could be found
a deliberate “ price cut.” The reasons for being
over the list are many — some to errors or not
using the list right, mistake as to the weight of
the stock, and in quite a few instances of sizing
the proposition as a “ check bid,” and making a
higher price. In no case did a single one realize
that I was obtaining prices. The showing for
the members is quite satisfactory.

On the part of the non-members the showing
is not quite so good. But three concerns out of
the nine bid anywhere near the list or over it,
and only one of these — a former member — is
entitled to credit. One price was wild, and the
circumstances surrounding it make it appear all
the more so. One of the high bids was for
twenty-pound paper and two-third letter-heads
— and subject to a discount of five per cent for
cash — he probably needed the money. The
rest of the bids ran from the ridiculously low
price of $1 1.50 to $14.50. This latter price was
from a printer who was also formerly a member
of the association.

The result showed that the members were
honestly trying to live up to the list, while the
non-members were shooting in the air.

The success of this first obtaining of prices
will be followed by other similar ones, which
will no doubt reveal more surprises.

It is needless to say that nothing done by the
printers’ association in Salt Lake City has stirred
up so much excitement or done quite so much
good. It has eliminated a great deal of the talk
regarding price-cutting, and the future attempts
at securing prices will further the campaign of
education and show the fallacy of price-cutting
as well as showing up the price-cutters.

□ 0

STUDY

A few books, well studied, and thoroughly digested,
nourish the understanding more than hundreds
but gargled in the mouth, as ordinary students use.

— F. Osborn.

0 - dj

THE INLAND PRINTER

189

SIMPLIFYING THE ACCOUNTING SYSTEM IN THE
SMALL NEWSPAPER AND JOB-PRINTING OFFICE

By J. C. CLARK

CONSIDERABLE emphasis has been
placed upon cost-finding and esti¬
mating, both of which are necessary
and desirable in every printing-
office, but how many publishers and printers
are still struggling with their bookkeeping sys¬
tems ! There are many who would be glad to
adopt a modern system, yet they hesitate be¬
cause of the cost of installing one, and struggle
along, doing the best they can. And yet the
fundamentals of both the cost-finding system
and estimating are the books of the office. Every
printer and publisher likes to progress, to make
his plant more efficient in every department, yet
many are held back, condemned, as it were, to
the continued dark mysteries of bookkeeping by
fear of the fact that an elaborate system, cost¬
ing more than they feel they can pay, may in
the end turn out unsatisfactorily. With what
joy would the small publisher, limited as to cap¬
ital and available labor, look upon some simple
system of keeping his accounts correctly that
could be installed and operated with a minimum
amount of expense and labor; a system that
would obviate any possibility of errors, except
through gross carelessness — and those would
be easily traceable; and, above all, a system
which he might try out without going to any
great expense and without any great disturbance
to the one he has been using should it prove a
failure, or unsatisfactory to him.

Such a condition existed in an average coun¬
try office until the manager, having acquired a
surplus of funds which he deemed sufficient to
meet any ordinary expense that might be in¬
volved, took the plunge and went out to hunt
for a new set of books. Many methods were
tried, and many systems rejected. In the end,
he devised a system that has given him satisfac¬
tion for the past five years. During the time he
was endeavoring to find a system that would
meet his requirements, he found that one thing
stood out before all others, and that was, the
really satisfactory system is not to be found
entire and can not be bought ready-made to suit

every condition; but by adopting certain fea¬
tures from different systems he devised a method
which, as he terms it, “ has become a thing of
beauty and a joy forever” in his office.

Realizing the amount of time and trouble he
spent in his search for a satisfactory system, he
feels that other printer-publishers might benefit
from the results of his efforts — as, in fact, sev¬
eral already have, for his system has much in
simplicity to recommend it and contains a basic
principle which may be used in connection with
more elaborate systems — and, therefore, he
gladly gives a description so that others may
copy therefrom.

Although now in use in several offices, this
system of bookkeeping — or, more particularly,
billing — was devised for and is used to great
advantage by the Winchester (Mass.) Star.
Winchester is a suburb of Boston, and is wholly
a residential town with a population of about
eleven thousand. The Star has a circulation of
two thousand, is an eight-page paper, printed
every Friday morning, and operates a job¬
printing department. Bills are sent out monthly;
but invoices are sent only upon request.

The system should be of particular interest
to smaller publishers, as it combines simplicity
and rapidity and can easily be adapted to han¬
dle the subscription list, advertising and job¬
printing, and, at the same time, permit ready
separation of these departments.

The subscription list is kept as a separate
account. Previously it was handled by a “ sub¬
scription book,” presumably typical of the many
such books in use. Objections to this, the book,
method were many. With the subscribers listed
alphabetically, delay was entailed in placing a
subscription from the month it was due, or one
live subscription might be buried among numer¬
ous canceled names. These could be cared for
by the use of a cross index, it is true, but many
similar objections made a new system advisable.

With the present system a card list is used.
The cards, 3 by 5 inches in size, are placed in
alphabetical order back of guides in the usual

190

THE INLAND PRINTER

drawer. Each card has a tab at the top indicat¬
ing the month in which the subscription falls due.
These tabs start at the left with “ Jan.” and con¬
tinue across to the right, ending with “ Dec.”
Thus, as the cards lie in the drawer, all of the
“Jan.” tabs form one row, the “Feb.” tabs
another, and so on. In this manner the cards

_ /*7\ _

Kennlston. Henry G,

Addreil

2 C loverly Lane, Town.

sUb.c.;=i.or, m May 4, 1910

">■ tf

P4IO tO

AMOUNT

OAT 6. 1

PAID TO

AMOUNT

OAT£

REM A o k S

J?//

/?/*-

!*& Dii

£ ™
J T?

*contI

Wy.\

nued j

yi/i2

. Owe

Bill to C. H.

Marks, Arlington

OB. 40$2? ^

Y*f %//* f

Fig. 1. — Subscription card.

are readily accessible, either by the month or
alphabetically; a great convenience in checking.

The cards may be ruled to suit the require¬
ments of the one using the system. In the Star
office the cards are printed as shown in Fig. i,
which gives all the necessary information. Each
card has space for the record for fourteen years,
with space at the right for any remarks, which
may also be placed on the back.

As subscriptions start all through the month,
the billing, while a year in advance, is done at
the end of each month, the list being selected by
the tabs at the top of the cards. Thus, in send¬
ing May bills, each card with the “May” tab
is taken and billed at the end of May, the bills
being sent out on the first of June. The cards
for three, six and nine months back are then
looked over for unpaid subscriptions. Thus,
when finished with the May billing, the cards
for August, November and February are gone
through. This method of billing each three
months is, of course, optional, but as the Star
accepts subscriptions for not less than three
months at yearly rates, it insures proper care
for all short-time cards.

A drawer with a rod should be used for the
cards, and any card to be noted for future ref¬
erence should be raised slightly above the others
to attract attention. In the Star office, a sep¬
arate drawer is kept for the cards of all discon¬
tinued subscriptions, and information relative to

such discontinuance is noted as each card is
placed therein, thereby furnishing valuable data
for future reference.

The subscription bills, as shown in Fig. 2, are
printed on a good weight of paper of the proper
size to fit a 6%- inch envelope without folding.

The advertising and the printing are kept
together. The system previously used by the
Star was the usual ledger and journal method.
Advertisements were entered in a weekly book
and carried from that to ledger or journal, and
the jobs in a similar manner from the envelopes.
The objections to this system were almost too
numerous to mention. Most of the classified
advertisements were journal accounts, necessi¬
tating constant reentries or being lost among
the paid accounts. Considerable church and
society printing caused many divisions in single
items of billing, a portion of a job being paid
by one person and the balance by another, etc.
Such billing was the nightmare of the book¬
keeper, and is probably known in many offices
as fertile ground for more than one heated dis¬
cussion. The books were also filled with unnec¬
essary accounts, mostly classified advertisements,
which, at the end of the year, were of no value

[ SUBSCRIPTION: S 2 90 A YEAR, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE

' To THEODORE P. WILSON, Dr., for I years subscription to
Jur.e’T, 1 91 1 THE WINCHESTER STAR

I Winchester, Mass.

| ending May 4, 1912. *2.00

| For HENRY G. KENNI9T0H.

i r

i I Mr. C. H. Marks,

] l Arlington, Moss.

I v _ _____

I COMMERCIAL PRINTING OF EVERY DESCRIPTION— DONE IN YOUR OWN TOWN

Fig. 2. — The subscription bill. Printed on heavy paper to fit a
No. 6% outlook envelope without folding.

except to occupy space. Undoubtedly many
publishers have a similar accumulation.

In making the change, it was felt that if all
accounts could be grouped together, making it
possible to destroy this classified matter at the
end of the year, and, still further, to place all
accounts so they would be immediately accessi¬
ble to the bookkeeper, it would be of great
advantage.

The system that was finally worked out con¬
sists of a duplicate billing of all accounts. Thus,
at the start, every customer receives, without

THE INLAND PRINTER

191

any chance for question, an exact counterpart of
the account standing at the office, and any alter¬
ations made on statements passing through vari¬
ous hands may be immediately noted and placed,
even though the bill is paid by a third or fourth
party, as is often the case in church, etc., work.

The stock for these bills is cut double size,
one half being printed as shown in Fig. 3, the
other half being left blank, and folded on a
perforation in the middle. When making en¬
tries a carbon is slipped between the folded
sheet, and in this manner the items are dupli¬
cated. These folded sheets are kept in alpha¬
betical order, back of guides, in drawers.

Billing is done as soon as the work is com¬
pleted, and the total is carried to the right at
the end of each item. A customer may, there¬
fore, obtain a statement of his account at any
time during the month, the bookkeeper merely
tearing the sheet on the perforation in the center
and giving the customer the original, the dupli-

THEODORE P. WILSON

TELEPHONE

WINCHESTER.

TWENTY-NINE,

STATIONER

PRINTER

PUBLISHER

OFFICE OF

STAR BUILDING
WINCHESTER
MASSACHUSETTS

THE WINCHESTER STAR

Winchester, ...J.un6 J, .1.9X5

Child & Whitten Dry Goods Co. ,
89 Temple St. t

Winchester, Maes.

1917

Contract Jan. I/I5-6moa,

May I

Adv. I2in. at S3w to May 17

2w STOPPED

6 6.00

610

500 Full letterheads,

4.50

$10.50

635

800 Enclosure slips-MYour

account, etc."

Adv. loin. at$3.?5w to Je I

3.25

$13.75

7.50

$21.25

May I

Acct. Rend.

16.70

‘37.95

Fig. 3. — Bill used for accounts combining advertising and job¬
printing. This is one half of the original bill ; the other half is
left blank for duplicate. The full size of the original is 6*4 by 12
inches, making each half, when separated, 6*4 by 6 inches, a suit¬
able size for a No. 6% outlook envelope when folded once.

cate being placed back in the drawer and form¬
ing the office record. When the bill is paid, both
the original and the duplicate are receipted, and
the duplicate is placed on file in another drawer.
The duplicate receipts of firms having accounts
each month are kept together in open-end envel¬
opes, or under clips, and at the end of the year
they are stitched together by the binder, thus
forming a book of each account, which is filed.

Two colors of paper are used for the bills —
white and yellow, the latter being for advertis¬
ing (see Fig. 3). Thus, when sending out the
bills and encountering a yellow sheet, the book-

THE WINCHESTER STAR

THEODORE P. WILSON. Ptoprlwor

STAR RUILD1NC WINCHESTER. MASS. May I, 191?.

Conference of Unitarian Ministers,
c/o Winchester Unitarian Society,
Herbert E. Stone, Treas.,
Winchester, Mass.

1917
Feb 2

CREDIT
May 17

June 5

1 01

800-4pp Programes-Moming
session, Feb. I5th,

(Rev. A. L. Jewett)
800-4pp Programes-Aftemoon
session, Feb. I5th,

IM Mission cards-Meeting of
Feb. I6th (Mr. Childs)
6-1/2 sheet placards- "Con¬
tributions” (Mr. Jones)

By cash for #76 (Mr. Jewett)
JJalance due

By check (Unitarian Soc)

515.25

12.00

7.00

4.50

$15.25

-23.50

$27.25

$34.25

$38.75

$23.50

Fig. 4. — Bill used for accounts not including advertising. Same
size and style as Fig. 3.

keeper knows that the advertisement thereon
should be entered anew for the following month.
If the advertisement is stopped, it is noted by
the word “stopped” after the date of the last
insertion. Advertisements that run “ t. f.” are
entered as follows: “ Date, No., Adv., 4-in. at
$iw ($1 a week), to.” If such an advertise¬
ment runs to the end of the month, the balance
on June 1 is filled out with the amount charged
and a new bill made out starting June 1. If
space is changed each week, an item is entered
weekly. If stopped before the end of the month,
the item would read “ to May 25, etc., stopped.”
All contracts, etc., are entered at the head of the
bill when started, thus keeping immediately be¬
fore the bookkeeper all memoranda and doing
away with reference to other files.

White bills are used for everything outside
of advertising (see Fig. 4). If a customer has
both advertising and printing, all the entries are
made on the yellow sheet. Jobs and advertise¬
ments may be numbered or not, as desired, but
numbers should be put on the bills in a space
provided following the date.

The Star office sends out from 350 to 400 bills
each month outside of subscriptions, which are
billed separately. Before the change was made
it required all of the bookkeeper’s time handling

192

THE INLAND PRINTER

the books, and about two days each month mak¬
ing out the bills and addressing envelopes, etc.
Now, it requires but a little time each day to
make the entries, and the bills are ready at the
end of the month in about half a day. Outlook
envelopes are used, which saves the labor of
addressing, and the bills are made of a size to
fit the envelopes with but one fold.

As before stated, the Star office uses a
monthly system of billing, and does not send
invoices to its regular customers, but the sys¬
tem may be advantageously used either way.

The advantages of the system, as set forth
by Theodore P. Wilson, editor and publisher of
the Star, to whom we are indebted for the data
from which this article was prepared, are :
First. — It is a time-saver, as it requires but
very little time each day to bill items, one bill¬
ing making both the statement and the office
record, and to send out a bill it is only neces¬
sary to tear the sheet apart. If a bill has already
been sent, a statement of the total account is
made from the duplicate. No time is lost in
looking for accounts, as all are in one place, in
alphabetical order, readily accessible, and yet
departments are separated by color. Second. —
In all cases, customers receive an exact dupli¬
cate of the office record. Telephone inquiries
regarding accounts are answered intelligently
and with the knowledge that no error has
been made through incorrect copying of items.
Third. — Any division of an account is easily
made by heading uniformly and sending the
charge to whoever should receive it, carrying
the job number on each bill. Fourth. — Every
live account is gone over each month by neces¬
sity, thereby keeping all unpaid bills constantly
before the bookkeeper. Fifth. — No dead ac¬
counts are mixed with the live ones. An addition
of the bill-drawer gives the “bills receivable”
at any time. Sixth. — The mass of small ac¬
counts, the record of which is of no value, may
be destroyed at the end of the year, after audit¬
ing, or placed in another file for reference if
desired, leaving only those accounts which are
of value as a record. Of the volume of paper
used for billing at the Star office, these petty
accounts, a record of which is really of no value,
amount to one-half of the total. It may thus
be seen how much space they require in a bound-
book system. All job bills are, of course, saved,

as are also the statements of all regular adver¬
tisers, except those for classified advertisements.

At the close of the year — February i, in
order to allow payment of December bills dur¬
ing January — the receipts are sorted, bound
and placed back of guides in a separate drawer
with the year marked on it.

No special fittings are necessary for the pub¬
lisher who desires to try out this system. In
place of filing-drawers, one of the many transfer-
drawers on the market may be used.

This system of billing is, of course, but a por¬
tion of the complete bookkeeping department,
but it may be used with any complete system.

When the change was decided upon at the
Star office, the “renovation” was made com¬
plete. All bills were ordered typewritten, thus
removing any possibility of question on account
of careless or illegible writing. A modern cash-
register and a steel filing-safe, to accommodate
bill-drawers and job-envelopes, was installed.

Under the old system all payments were en¬
tered in a day-book, and then checked to a
ledger or journal. Even so, the usual com¬
plaints of payment without credit, etc., oc¬
curred. Now, every payment is recorded on
an autographic cash-register, which requires
the making of a note of the account concerned
on a strip of paper before operating the regis¬
ter. At the end of the day this strip is copied
into a day-book containing separate columns
for each department, to which each account
must be checked when credit is made. This
leaves no loophole for errors, except through
absolute negligence, and is very rapid, as ac¬
counts may be handled one after another with¬
out further thought, the register providing the
record for future credit. The register record
and the cash are balanced each night, and a
monthly balance is taken with the bank. Job-
envelopes are kept by number, and are always
accessible in the document-drawers in the filing-
safe, which also holds the bills.

It must be stated that the system, from the
description given, may seem a trifle compli¬
cated; but once it has been installed it will be
found extremely simple. It was devised for the
purpose of furnishing all customers with cor¬
rect statements with the least amount of work,
and, at the same time, eliminating any possibil¬
ity of unpleasantness through carelessness.

“WHEN THE FROST IS ON THE PUNKIN, AND THE
FODDER’S IN THE SHOCK.”

Printed by The Henry O. Shepard Company, Chicago, from four-color process plates made by
Gatchel & Manning, Incorporated, Philadelphia. Ault & Wiborg process inks used.

THE INLAND PRINTER

193

Elsewhere in this issue an article appears
giving the views of some of the leaders in the elec¬
trotyping field regarding the standardization of
bookkeeping methods. The statements set forth
are of vital importance and should receive the
earnest consideration of all in the allied industries.
The electrotypers have adopted a standard system
of bookkeeping; the engravers and the printers
are now working on similar systems. Too much
emphasis can not be placed upon the need of
standardization in methods of accounting ; and as
the bookkeeping system contains the records upon
which the cost-finding system is based, greater uni¬
formity in bookkeeping will bring about greater
uniformity in results from cost-finding. The prog¬
ress of this work will be watched with great
interest, as it is a decided step forward, and will
result in much good for the allied industries as a
whole. _

A correspondent, in a recent letter, closes
with the statement, “ The more war stuff you keep
out of the magazine, the better it will suit.” It is
not the intention of the editor to fill The Inland
Printer with the so-called “ war stuff.” Never¬
theless, we can not too strongly emphasize the fact
that our country is at war, and at war for one
purpose only — the advancement of civilization.
Entrance into this war was by no means the choice
of our country. We believe this is apparent to all
who have followed the course of events since the
start of this terrific conflict. However, now that
we have made the start, there is but one thing for
us to do — push the war to a successful termina¬
tion. This, as it has been well termed, is now
“ the nation’s business.” To this end it will be
necessary for each and every one to do his utmost.
We are asking the best-fitted, physically and men¬
tally, of our boys to make the supreme sacrifice,
calling them at the time they are starting to shape
their courses for the future, and sending them to
the front. Their early and successful return will
depend upon the support they receive from us
who remain, and it is our duty to give them our
support in the fullest measure. Every industry —
every individual worker — is in duty bound to
2-4

stand behind the boys who are fighting for us.
The task is tremendous, and all the forces of in¬
dustry must be so coordinated that the supply of
ammunition, equipment, food and other necessi¬
ties may go forward in a constant, steady stream.
This will not except the printing industry. Its part
must, and will, be done in conjunction with all
other industries; and The Inland Printer will
aid in this work to the fullest extent possible.

Correcting an Abuse.

Publishers of small daily and country weekly
papers — and, in fact, of other publications also
— ■ have been subjected to an abuse of their reading
columns which has not been without its effect on
their incomes. This is the constant demand from
various sources for free publicity. The publisher’s
revenue is derived wholly from the advertising in
his paper, and when he is requested to insert
notices of various money-making enterprises
“ without charge,” or in the form of news, as he
frequently is, his income is reduced to that extent.
Not only is the publisher’s income decreased when
he submits to requests of this character, but he
lowers the standing of his publication as a business
proposition.

A start toward correcting this abuse has been
made by a number of papers. Members of the
Suburban Publishers’ Association of Chicago took
action against this evil at their October meeting,
and also urged refusing to publish theater notices
in exchange for tickets, declaring that it is far
better to make a direct charge for the advertising
and to purchase the tickets for any form of enter¬
tainment they may desire.

Two instances of publishers making definite
stands on the problem are cited in a recent issue
of The Publishers’ Auxiliary. In one of these, the
publisher inserted a notice in his paper to the effect
that all notices of entertainments and dances, or
other events where an admission is charged, or
the object of which is the making of money, are
advertisements and must be paid for at the regu¬
lar rates.

In the other instance, the publishers of a Wyo¬
ming paper were approached by politicians with

194

THE INLAND PRINTER

requests for support, and answered them with the
statement that their advertising columns were
open to all comers at their regular rates, later
stating their position in strong editorials. These
publishers received high commendation on their
stand from all sides, except from the few poli¬
ticians who were affected. Three paragraphs from
one of their editorials are worth wider dissemina¬
tion, so are given here :

Those broad-minded souls who desire to see a newspaper on a solid
financial basis, the only foundation on which such a business can exist
and be respected, say that the treatment of aspiring candidates of what¬
ever creed or type on the same standard of equality, charging them for
the service rendered, is the only logical one to follow. . . .

Business has changed in the past ten years. Advertising has become
recognized as the greatest sales force in the nation. To buy advertising
space no longer means that the purchaser agrees with the editorial policy
of the paper. It only means that he recognizes it as a carrier of informa¬
tion to the people he desires to reach.

This is exactly the position the Herald desires to occupy. It is a dis¬
seminator of news. Advertising is news and any advertising that isn’t
news isn’t advertising, paradoxical as it may appear. What you desire
to say about your candidacy is advertising. You are selling yourself and
your services. On that basis the Herald offers its services to you as a
medium through which you may reach a large number of voters.

A firm stand on this matter should be taken by
all publishers. The newspapers and other publi¬
cations are important factors as disseminators of
news and information, and also in the building up
of business, and as such they are business propo¬
sitions and should be so considered. Space is the
publisher’s commodity; it has a distinct value as
a producer of business and must be sold on that
basis. _

The War Convention of the Chamber of Commerce.

The Chamber of Commerce of the United States
is doing a great work in bringing about the coordi¬
nation of all the industries of the country, and in
furthering the cooperation of business interests
with the Government. The war convention, held
at Atlantic City under the auspices of the Chamber,
was a significant gathering, as it proved that busi¬
ness men are doing everything in their power to
back up the Government. Some of the points
emphasized at this convention should receive care¬
ful consideration from printers.

How business men are coming to the aid of the
country was shown by Secretary of War Baker,
who said that “ There was a certain distrust on
the part of business, so far as the Government is
concerned, before the war, and members of the
Advisory Commission of the Council of National
Defense instantly summoned business to the aid
of the Government. Then there poured into Wash¬
ington hundreds of thousands of offers from busi¬
ness men throughout the country. Many were not
content to write, they came personally to Washing¬
ton, not to seek some personal benefit or advantage,
but to give something to the Government.”

Waddill Catchings, chairman of the Chamber’s
Committee of Cooperation with the Council of

National Defense, stated that “ The Government,
we are informed, intends to spend $19,000,000,000
for itself and its allies during the next year. When
we consider that the entire gross turnover of the
United States Steel Corporation and its subsidi¬
aries is $853,000,000 each year, it will be seen that
the Government will place upon business a demand
twenty times as great as the entire annual turn¬
over of all those great corporations. Chaos exists
in business today, and order must be brought out
of this chaos if we are to win the war.”

Food Administrator Herbert C. Hoover called
attention to the fact that “ The demand in many
commodities during the coming year is beyond our
capacity to furnish if we consume our normal
amount. The necessity of maintenance of the
Allies is our first line of defense, and our duty to
humanity in feeding the neutrals demands of us
that we reduce unnecessary consumption and
waste to the last degree, and even then the world
dependent on us must face privation.”

Among resolutions passed by the convention
was one pledging the support of business to the
war in the most comprehensive and sweeping
terms, and declaring that American business is
ready for heavy taxes, for the dissipation of its
savings, is ready to turn over its plants, and to do
any and every other thing which may be necessary
to prove that American business is behind the war
until the last gun is fired.

Another resolution declared that it is right,
proper and necessary that the Government should
have the power to fix prices on all materials needed
for the conduct of the war, as well as all materials
affecting the public interest, for the Government
itself and for the public at large. It was pointed
out in the convention that it is a striking thing
that business men should so positively and ear¬
nestly go on record in declaring that the Govern¬
ment should be given complete power to fix all
prices for itself and the public, the effect of which
will be to stop all inflation of prices, a condition
under which American business has been laboring
for some time.

A resolution in support of a federal board to
adjust labor disputes was endorsed. Declaring
that there should be no shutdowns, lockouts, strikes
or other cessation of industry during the process
of adjustment, American business pledged itself
to accept decisions made by such a board and
invited the cooperation of labor.

The daylight-saving plan received attention,
as, it was declared, it would conserve the nation’s
supply of coal. Action by Congress and the Presi¬
dent to make the daylight-saving plan effective as
a war measure was urged.

THE INLAND PRINTER

195

CORRESPONDENCE

While our columns are always open for the discussion of any relevant subject, we do not necessarily indorse the opinions of contributors. Anony¬
mous letters will not be noticed; therefore, correspondents will please give their names — not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of
good faith. All letters of more than one thousand words will be subject to revision.

CO-OPERATIVE CATALOGUES.

To the Editor: Edinburgh, Scotland.

We have an idea that the cooperative catalogue is very
usual in America, especially in some of the smaller towns,
and we would be very grateful if you could procure sam¬
ples for us. We would be willing to pay any charge for
carriage. We mean, several stores in different lines of
business cooperating to put out, say, a Christmas cata¬
logue. With many thanks for your kindness.

H. & J. Pillans & Wilson.

Note. — Can any of our readers furnish this informa¬
tion, or send any samples? If so, they will be appreciated
and will be forwarded to our correspondent.

WHY STYLE IN PRINTING?

To the Editor: Franklin, Pennsylvania.

It has been said, in speaking of clothes, that one might
as well be dead as to be out of style. Most all of us have
heard the remark, “ Clothes make the man.” These two
statements have been the source of endless controversies
both pro and con. But it is plainly evident that the affirm¬
ative is far in the lead, especially as it is a question of
one’s business status. To speak of stylish clothes making
a man better morally is quite another proposition. Morals
emanate from the heart — styles from the brain. Many a
Beau Brummel of fashion and style has been found to be
a base scoundrel.

We must look at this problem from the view-point of
cold business ethics. The rascally villain may be a “ fash¬
ion plate ” in appearance, but who can say that he lacks
“ pep ” in plying his trade? No thoroughly sound business
man would think for a moment of hiring a person to fill
a position of responsibility solely on the merits of his good
clothes. The man who gives little heed to what he wears
and how he wears it will just as surely give little heed to
everything else. He who wears incongruous and gaudy
colors without regard to contrast or harmony is very likely
to show poor judgment in other matters. But the man
who is always particular that his shoes and clothes are
just right, and shows that he knows how to dress, is the
man who will give his business the proper attention and
see that it is run right. The style and fit of one’s clothes
is indeed a sure and safe barometer of one’s native ability.
Clothes not only make the man — “ Clothes mark the man.”

In the printing industry the same principles hold true
as in every other field of endeavor. Let us suppose that
the proprietor of a high-class printery which has the repu¬
tation for turning out only the very best in its line finds
his plant shy a compositor. It is not at all likely that he
would choose a printer of untidy and slovenly appearance
and expect his individual work to be up to the shop’s
standard. He could hardly expect it to be.

In printing it might well be said that a man is dead
unless he is in style, both as regards his personal appear¬
ance and his practical knowledge of the craft. To be a
good printer these days does not mean the mere ability to
throw together a lot of type, cuts, rules, etc. Two of the
biggest factors to be reckoned with in the production of
stylish printing, as far as composition alone is concerned,
is the selection of suitable type-faces and the proper dis¬
tribution of white space. Then comes the spacing of words
and lines, the placing of groups, placing the ornamenta¬
tion, if any, etc. Of course, the selection of paper and
good presswork are all-important factors; but it quite
often happens, in the average shop, that the bulk of work
turned out requires the more inexpensive papers in order
to keep the prices down. But this fact ought not to inter¬
fere with style. Up-to-dateness can be practiced on cheap
printing just the same as style can be put into cheap
clothes. It all depends upon the producer. It is gratifying
to know that our craft is realizing today the value of style
and “ dress ” in printing and gradually “ taking its place
in the sun.” For style is everything. Morals do not enter
the question. To be dead does not always mean to be
buried in the ground. Generally a “ dead ” one is marked
by the style and fit of his clothes.

A. Ernest Mowrey.

PRINTING SHOULD RANK AS FIRST INDUSTRY.

To the Editor: Chicago, Illinois.

At the recent convention of the United Typothetae and
Franklin Clubs of America, held in Chicago, Charles
Francis, of New York, in discussing “ Business Conditions
and Their Relation to the Printing Industry During and
After the War,” said that printing is classed as the fifth
industry of the United States. Mr. Francis claimed it to
be the third, giving facts and statistics in support of his
position.

The writer, however, proposes to go him several better
by declaring that, in its importance and benefits not only
to the United States but to the world at large, the printing
industry should rank first.

Why? Well, just think a moment.

Wipe out wireless telegraphy, and we go back but a few
years. The telegraph, the telephone, the automobile, the
aeroplane, the turbine engine, and many other recent in¬
ventions — now considered absolutely essential to the activ¬
ities of business — wipe them all out, and we go back only
about a generation or two.

But wipe out printing and its cognate arts, and we go
back at once to the darkest ages of the world !

Truly, indeed, has it been said that printing is the “ Art
preservative of all arts.”

S. K. Parker.

196

THE INLAND PRINTER

Compiled for The Inland Printer.

INCIDENTS IN FOREIGN GRAPHIC CIRCLES.

BY OUR SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT.

GREAT BRITAIN.

The publisher of the Financial Critic, London, was
recently fined £50 for causing the imprint of the printer
to be omitted from an issue of the paper.

In quite a large number of towns, working printers
have recently succeeded in obtaining additional war
bonuses, as well as wage advances, ranging from 1% to 7
shillings (36 cents to $1.70) per week.

The total number of members of the London Society
of Compositors who have enlisted for the war up to Aug¬
ust last stood at 3,252, of whom, allowing for those dis¬
charged or killed, nearly 3,000 are still in service.

An order of the Paper Committee prohibiting the print¬
ing of pictures to be enclosed in cigarette packages has
caused a fresh Irish grievance. Printing these pictures
on satin was a German monopoly, and an enterprising-
firm in Dublin embraced the opportunity, under consider¬
able expense, to embark in this business. There are strong
protests against the order of the committee, and appeals
are being made to the authorities to prevent the extinc¬
tion of this new Irish industry.

The imports of paper, and whatever that term in¬
cludes, in July last amounted to 354,857 hundredweight,
as compared with 827,350 hundredweight in July, 1916, a
decrease of 57.1 per cent. The total value of the July
imports was £539,453, being 35.9 per cent less than the
previous July imports. The exports in July last amounted
to 62,720 hundredweight, as compared with 208,473 hun¬
dredweight for the same month in 1916, a decline of 69.9
per cent. In value the present July exports (£242,355)
showed a decrease of 53.2 per cent from the value for the
same month in 1916.

It is an old claim that the art of papermaking came
as the result of some naturalist’s study of the wasp and its
custom of constructing a paper nest, by tearing olf small
splinters of wood and masticating them to a pulp, after¬
ward layering the fragments bit by bit until a perfect
shell had been built up, fitted inside with breeding-cells.
As a matter of curiosity, a wasp was recently discovered
in a paper-mill, which had saved itself the trouble of
shredding and masticating by making use of the ready¬
made pulp it found in the mill to build its nest, which
had a rather gay, varicolored appearance, due to the dif¬
ferent sorts and colors of paper made in the mill.

A general license has been issued by the Royal Com¬
mission on Paper, giving the right to all persons to issue
and dispatch tradesmen’s catalogues and price-lists be¬
tween August 20 and January 31 next, to the extent of
one-third of the weight of paper used for the same pur¬
poses between August, 1916, and January, 1917. The
license does not extend to circulars issued by money¬
lenders, bookmakers or commission agents for the making
or placing of wagers or bets, persons offering to buy, sell
or deal in stocks or shares (other than those issued by
members of any recognized stock exchange to their own
clients), or by persons interested in any competition in¬
volving guessing or a test of skill.

GERMANY.

German publishers of schoolbooks have been informed
that they may use whatever supplies of paper they may
have on hand for printing such volumes, but when these
are exhausted no more paper can be used for this purpose.

Toward the beginning of next year, says our informant,
the Vossische Zeitung, no more schoolbooks will be avail¬
able. Even at present it usually takes two months before
classes can be fully supplied.

It is reported that the Emperor is making a collection
of all the war-books published in or out of Germany. He
has already ten thousand volumes. A special section of
this library includes the photographs taken of himself
at the front.

Announcement is made of the recent death of Her¬
mann Smalian, at Berlin, in his seventy-eighth year. The
deceased was a prominent personage in graphic art cir¬
cles and a frequent contributor to the printing-trade press.
In touring Germany some years ago, your correspondent
had the pleasure of making his personal acquaintance,
finding him a most courteous and congenial colleague. He
was the founder of the Berlin Typographic Society, of
which he was an honorary member at his death. He did
much service in securing the general adoption in Germany
of the Didot point system of type-bodies, being then asso¬
ciated with a leading typefoundry in Berlin. Later on
he assisted in promoting the introduction of a universal
type-alignment system among the German foundries.

SWITZERLAND.

The Association of Electrotypers and Stereotypers has
announced a twenty per cent increase in prices, for the
usual present reason — higher cost of material and labor.

The forty-third and last annual session of the Typo¬
graphic Union of Romance Switzerland convened on Aug¬
ust 12 at Lausanne. It was the last, because this union
is now amalgamated with the other printers’ union, that
of the German-speaking part of the country.

The term of the current printers’ wage-scale being
near its end, a revision, by a committee of representatives
of masters’ and men’s unions, was undertaken, which in
ten days was finished. The new scale will be in force
five years from January 1, 1918. The work-week will
remain fifty-two hours, and there is provided a weekly
bonus of 6 francs ($1.16).

The Master Printers’ Association has recently deter¬
mined, in figuring printing-costs, to increase many details.
For instance, the hour-cost for composition is put at 2%
francs (48 cents), and the cost per one thousand letters,
presswork, electrotyping, binding, is advanced twenty per
cent. The various advances are made obligatory upon all
members of the association.

Swiss printing-offices are also suffering from the metal
shortage. The legislature has fixed a maximum price of
1.30 francs per kilogram (11% cents per pound) for old
metal, yet for this price type-metal is no longer obtain¬
able. The metal dealers forehandedly bought up all avail¬
able supplies and melted them into pigs, which they are
quoting at 2% to 3% francs per kilogram (23 to 30%
cents per pound). When a printer wants to buy new type
from a foundry he has to deliver to it as part payment
110 kilograms of type-metal for every 100 kilograms of
type, the metal he turns in being credited at 1.10 francs
per kilogram. If he has no metal to turn in, a propor¬
tionately higher price is charged for the new type.

For some time there has existed a printing-office
manned by interned Germans, which produces upon order
of the German embassy a variety of printed-matter.
Among this is the Journal of the Interned Germans, with
a supplement, Sunday Messenger. Sixty thousand copies
of a Christmas calendar have been issued from its presses.
A large portion of these have been sent, with the consent

THE INLAND PRINTER

197

of French authorities, to the German prisoners in France,
accompanied by some 70,000 brochures (stories and gen¬
eral literature). A lithographic press, to print illustra¬
tions, is also to be installed. As this office does not compete
with the indigenous industry, the Swiss master printers’
and working printers’ unions have not interfered with its
operations.

HOLLAND.

This year is the three hundredth since the death of
Ludwig Elzevir, the founder of the most celebrated of the
old-time printing-offices. His death occurred near the end
of February, 1617. His father, whose name was Hans
van Leuven, but generally called Helzevir, was a composi¬
tor in the renowned office of Christoph Plantin, at Ant¬
werp. Ludwig Elzevir, after some wandering about,
started his office and bookshop at Leyden, and became
intimately associated with the university there, which per¬
mitted him to conduct his book business on its premises.
He issued about one hundred works in the Latin, French,
Flemish and German languages, and he published for the
best writers of his country. His own work was not par¬
ticularly noteworthy for its typographic character, this
reaching its high plane with his descendants. The office
lasted until 1681, and during its time issued about sixteen
hundred works. It is said that the Elzevirs were the first
to differentiate between the vowel and consonant sounds
of V, by introducing U for the vowel value, which alone
should suffice to give the Elzevirs a place in the hall of
fame.

FRANCE.

The central (or executive) committee of the French
Master Printers’ Syndicate has addressed a letter to the
members, advising advances in the prices of printing over
pre-war rates, as follows: For periodicals, at least 85
per cent; jobwork, 40 per cent; “"“commercial work and
municipal work, 100 per cent.

A committee looking after the economic interests of
the press has asked the Government to ameliorate the
paper shortage by restricting its use for posters, cata¬
logues, announcements, etc. This aroused a protest from
the Master Printers’ Syndicate, which would regard such
a restriction as prejudicing the intei’ests of its members.
They argue that newspapers should not be favored at the
expense of book and job printers.

AUSTRALIA.

The Victoria Typographical Society is now fifty years
old. Four of the original members still retain their con¬
nection. Since 1900 the membership has trebled, and the
society now has jurisdiction over the whole of Victoria
and North Tasmania.

The Queensland minister for lands has entered into
an agreement with a paper-pulp syndicate whereby, in
consideration of a strip of land along the coast south of
Cairns, the syndicate undertakes to manufacture paper and
pay the Government a royalty of 1 shilling on every ton
sold. The paper will be produced from such grasses as
blady, Chinese burr, sida retusa and lantana, all of which
are to be found in the area granted. It is expected to
produce fifty tons of pulp per month.

INDIA.

An important discovery of plumbago was made, it is
said, in Mysore, by Louis Stromeyer, a well-known expert
prospector of that State. Graphite has been found in
Bangalore before now, but only in such small quantities
as not to be paying. The present discovery seems to be
a fairly rich deposit, having the advantage of being within
three miles of the railway. Plumbago has been previously

found in Travancore and Mysore, but the quality was not
up to the standard of the Ceylon and Madagascar product.
Should the newly discovered lot be of a good quality, it
will be of great advantage to the pencil-manufacturing
industry of Madras.

SOUTH WALES.

The printers of Cardiff have obtained a weekly war
bonus of 3% shillings for those earning 47% shillings,
and 2% shillings for those earning above that sum.

South Wales master printers have agreed to figure
printing-costs by the average rate fixed by the Cardiff
Master Printers’ Association. The cost of hand composi¬
tion in that district is figured net at 2% shillings (61
cents) per hour; monotype composition, 6 shillings
($1.46), and linotype composition, 5 shillings ($1.22)
per hour.

SWEDEN.

Because of the shortage of timber, coal, and sulphur
for pulp manufacture, the Government has prohibited the
export of paper used for newspapers. Under this prohi¬
bition it will be necessary for licenses to be issued in each
case of export of paper, in order that the Government
may to some extent obtain control of the manufacture of
paper. The step is taken to secure home consumption,
though it does not mean that the great Swedish export of
paper will be entirely stopped, but permitted only to a
certain limit.

A Handy Thing.

A hand-made, hand-lettered greeting (not printed) on hand-made stock.
By Percy G. Green, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia.

198

THE INLAND PRINTER

BY BERNARD DANIELS.

Meeting War Conditions.

In common with many other manufacturing businesses,
the printing trade is beginning to suffer from the with¬
drawal of so many young men from the producing ranks
to take up military duties in defense of liberty. As print¬
ing is a skilled occupation that requires a long appren¬
ticeship to produce competent workmen, especially in the
composing-room, where a large part of the work is manual,
it will be impossible to replace these absent workers by
new recruits. Therefore, it is a necessity of the times that
the printers study conservation of labor so that the loss of
composing-room hands may be partially compensated for.

How shall it be done? Well, the first thing is to pro¬
vide facilities for handling the work more rapidly and
the elimination of lost motion. The next is to install ma¬
chinery for as many of the operations now done by hand
as is possible. Third, to see that every piece of copy that
goes to the composing-room is ready for composition, so
that there is no lost time in doing preliminary work which
could be done by less important workers.

Many printers have already installed composing-
machines so that fewer employees are required to han¬
dle the plain composition ; a few have rearranged their
composing-room material so that each compositor has
everything that he will need in his alley, and by duplica¬
tions have reduced the amount of travel the compositor is
compelled to do in handling his work. Others are estab¬
lishing non-distribution so as to eliminate a large part of
the time of distribution and turn it into the productive col¬
umn. All this tends to conserve labor and increase the
efficiency of those who remain in the composing-room ranks,
but this is not enough.

One of the big time-consumers in a composing-room is
the handling of the cuts that are to be used in catalogue
and magazine copy. These seldom come in proper condi¬
tion as to squareness, height to paper, or size, and com¬
positors waste time getting them into condition to use.
By installing a good saw and type-high machine, with a
careful mechanic (not a printer) to run it, the time of
the compositors could be made more productive, and, in
addition, time in the pressroom would be saved. There
are more good mechanics to be had than good compositors.

Take a walk through any printing-plant employing
six or more compositors and note the amount of time that
is taken (not wasted, for the work is necessary) in laying
out the general design of the jobs and selecting the right
type in which to set them. This work could be better and
more quickly done by one person who has a good idea of
display and knowledge of the type in the plant, and would
be equivalent to putting another compositor on the cases
who would work full time. And this brings us to another
thought. The idea of an excess of resetting of lines and
picking of sorts that would come from trying to lay out
work in the office instead of the composing-room is largely

imaginary. It pays better to buy type than to pick at any
time, and this is especially true now that the labor that
is wasted in picking has become more valuable than ever.
At first, the buying of type may seem to be a big cost,
but there soon comes a time when there is enough and
only the renewals have to be provided for, and they are,
or should be, taken care of by the depreciation reserve.

But, even if it should really cost more to conserve
labor in the printing-plant, it is your patriotic duty to do
it. Remember that the war conditions are but temporary
at the worst, and that in a short time the majority of
the men who are now serving our country will return to
resume their usual places. Consequently, what we ought
to do is to use to the utmost the labor that we have, and
not rush out to try and educate others to fill the places
of those who are serving us by serving the cause of lib¬
erty. Then, when normal conditions return, we shall not
have to face a surplus of half-baked labor that we are
virtually bound to care for because we created it.

The actual facts are that, if we were to use the remain¬
ing labor in our composing-rooms half as efficiently as
similar labor is used in other manufacturing businesses
we should not have any shortage at all, for we are now
simply wasting one-third of the time that we pay for.
There are a few exceptions to this, but that is all.

Standardizing Sizes.

The readers of this column do not need to be told that
the prices of paper are now higher than at any time since
the invention of the cellulose fiber from wood, and that
even at these prices paper is growing scarcer. Neverthe¬
less, every day we see samples of printed-matter which
has been produced on odd sizes of stock that can not be
cut from the standard sizes of paper except with waste.

If there ever was a time when the standardization of
the sizes of printed things should receive serious attention,
now is that time. There is absolutely no reason why a
card, or circular, or booklet, or catalogue should be any
other size than a multiple of a standard sheet of card¬
board or paper. If the stock cuts six by nine inches, the
job should be that size. If that is too large for the pur¬
pose, the next size that will cut without waste should be
used, whether it be four and a half by six or five by seven.

At first glance, this may seem a small matter, and lit¬
tle importance is attached to the fact that many jobs are
being printed on sizes that waste as much as twenty per
cent of the stock as purchased by the printer. Certain
catalogue and booklet sizes have been1 gradually stand¬
ardized; letter and note sizes have long been recognized
and envelopes made to fit the standard. Why not all sizes
of all jobs?

This brings us to another suggestion. Why not abolish
the immense folders that some overambitious advertising
writers are preparing for their clients? The fate of a

THE INLAND PRINTER

199

majority of them is the waste-basket route to oblivion, and
even those good enough to secure passing attention are
not preserved because the average office has no means of
properly taking care of them. The best they can expect
is a glance, then to be thrown into the big bottom drawer
that is the final resting place of so many things which
we intend to look at again but never do.

Why not make a list of the standard sizes that will
cut without waste from the sizes of paper that you can
get from the dealer you usually purchase from or which
you carry in stock? This list may be kept near your order-
desk and you can tell each customer just which is the
nearest size to what he is asking for and sell him the next
smaller rather than the next larger, when his is an odd
size. The paper trade has recently standardized thick¬
nesses of writing-papers and the suggestion will prove a
step further in standardization and conservation of paper.

Home-Made Cost Systems.

There seems to be an idea among printers, especially
the smaller ones, that they can devise a better cost system
than has been built up by the Cost Commission of the
United Typothetae and approved by the United States
Federal Trade Commission. Almost every month we
receive inquiries regarding some less elaborate way of
getting cost and are asked to pass upon some kind of
blanks that, in the minds of their makers, are easier to
use than the standard forms.

In almost every case there is some fatal deficiency in
the system proposed, and the blanks are, as a rule, really
more difficult to use than the standard blanks. It is pos¬
sible that some one who has used the cost system in its
standard form for a long time may discover an improve¬
ment on the blanks, or even a betterment in the system
itself in some of its details; but those of our readers who
are trying to invent substitutes for the simplest form of
the Standard Cost System as sent out in the general cir¬
cular regarding it, would do better in trying to really
understand its principles and apply them to their shops,
even if it does require a few hours a month to keep the
records.

There are printers who attempt to do business without
books and naturally these are the ones who loom up larg¬
est in the list of objectors to the intricacy of the Standard
Cost System. It would be a mighty good thing if the State
or Federal Government would compel every man who
enters any kind of business to keep a set of books in a
certain standard way, according to his business, and also
to install a standard cost system. There would be fewer
failures, and prices in all lines would be more uniform,
without any “ conspiracy ” to control them.

It is the manufacturer and the dealer without a cost
system or a real bookkeeping system that cuts prices and
is a menace to the trade in which he happens to be. Pos¬
sibly, some day in the future, we may have congressmen
and officials with a broad enough view of business to
realize the need of a uniform system of keeping costs in
each trade, if not in all ; and meanwhile we will hold the
fort and advise all printers to adopt the Standard Cost
System, and after finding their true cost to refuse to sell
for less than that cost plus a fair profit.

Do not try easy methods of dodging the time ticket,
the cost sheet, the monthly reports and the monthly state¬
ment of cost of production. You need these no matter how
small your shop, and you need more detail the larger the
shop. But remember, the Standard Cost System will fit
any shop. The writer has installed the system in a shop
doing less than $1,000 per month, and in others doing

more than $50,000 per month, and the results were accu¬
rate in all cases.

Begin to get ready now and print up the blanks, study
just how to use them with the least work, try them out
and get used to them, so that on the first of the year you
may start a real cost system.

The Shop Meeting.

A very successful printer in the Middle West sends us
a little story of how he improved the quality of the work
turned out by his shop, and at the same time established
a spirit of cooperation among the men that was very effec¬
tive in cutting down the friction between departments and
between the shop men and the office force, particularly the
salesmen.

For a couple of years he had held weekly meetings of
the foremen to consider shop practice and the progress of
the work, and had dubbed these little gatherings “ Prog¬
ress Committee.” Which, by the way, he found to give
the men a greater interest in the deliberations of the
sessions.

One day a salesman suggested that the salesmen ought
to be admitted to the Progress Committee meetings, as
they were vitally interested in any thing that concerned
the execution of their orders and might be able to suggest
something of value. After thinking it over the proprietor
was about to turn down the request, when there came up
at the next meeting a question of the responsibility for the
spoilage of a certain job, and the foreman who seemed to
be likely to have to shoulder the blame asked that the com¬
positor who set it be called as a witness. This was done,
and his testimony showed that the real fault was in the
careless manner in which the order was entered and the
copy accepted and forwarded to the composing-room, to¬
gether with certain claims of verbal corrections that were
not made. This brought the salesman into the contro¬
versy and he was called to testify as to the facts of the
copy and ’phoned corrections. Being an honest fellow he
admitted that possibly it might be his fault, and made a
suggestion for the betterment of the system that showed
that possibly there might be something to be gained from
having the salesmen represented in the committee.

The upshot of the matter was that one meeting each
month was made a sort of open meeting, and all the em¬
ployees were invited to attend and take part in the dis¬
cussions. A query box was started, and the important
queries answered at these meetings by the person most
competent in the house, and occasionally by an outsider.
The thing was so beneficial and grew so important that
arrangements were made for the practical discussion of
some phase of the work at each meeting and some one
recognized as an expert on that subject was brought in to
start the ball rolling by a half-hour talk and to finish up
by gathering up the points brought out and clinching the
points of value by a ten minutes’ closing talk.

These meetings have made a decided improvement in
the quality of a shop already doing good work, and while
they have cost about two hours a month for the whole
shop (or one per cent of the total time), and from fifty
to a hundred dollars for the demonstrator, when there
were no volunteers, our friend says that the experiment
has paid. He is now working out a scheme to make it of
permanent value as a training school for those who desire
to improve themselves in the theory of their trade and
the actual practice of business management. He says it
will be great fun for him and will bring back every cent
he spends on it, even if the men who attend become so
expert that he has to pay them higher wages.

200

THE INLAND PRINTER

Some years ago the writer tried a scheme of this kind
by having a mutual benefit class which met twice a month
and discussed the problems that presented themselves in
actual work between sessions, subscribed for and studied
the trade journals and discussed their contents. The re¬
sult was that the value of these workmen improved over
fifty per cent, and, today, every one of them who is still
alive is holding a responsible position with a good salary.
Meanwhile, it made it easier for the writer, as superin¬
tendent, to turn out a high grade of printing that brought
an enviable international reputation to the house.

With the growing scarcity of competent workers, some
such method as this is worth trying to help make the best
of what each of us has to get along with. Only a very
moderate per cent of the workmen will take an interest
in the plan, but some of the others will unconsciously
absorb some benefit and improve the quality of the work
they turn out.

From Picking to Profit.

It is not long since we called attention to the tremen¬
dous cost of the bad habit of picking sorts that many
printers have allowed to eat up a considerable portion of
their profits. In our mail the other day was a letter from
a small printer who doubted our word but was too wise
to say so before experimenting a little to see just how far
off we were.

He employs two compositors and a foreman who does
the stone work and some composition. Taking them into
his confidence, he arranged to keep a very careful account
of the time taken for picking and returning sorts during
a whole month in the busy season. Then he bought some
sorts and fonts and tried a month in which there was to
be no picking at all. Here is his l-eport, which he was
fair enough to send the editor of “ Cost and Method ” with
a strict injunction that his name should not be revealed:

“ During the first month, which was just one of our
usual months and which at first did not seem to show any
particular amount of picked jobs, we kept account on the
daily time tickets and I paid no attention to it until the
end of the second week, when I asked the girl how much
time had been charged to that item and got a reply that
sent me into the composing-room in double-quick time.
The foreman said that he had not noticed any great
amount of picking to date; in fact, it seemed to him that
there was less than usual, and when I told him of the total
for the two weeks he decided at once that the girl had
made a mistake and volunteered to go over the items care¬
fully and make sure. This he did and found that the only
error was the omission of two twelve-minute items.

“At the end of the month it was found that exactly
ten per cent of the time used in actual composition had
been spent in hunting and picking sorts — out of 361 hours
appearing on the time tickets 36 were for picking, etc. In
no case was the time on any one job large, but the total
of several hundred jobs was thirty-six hours. It seemed
almost unbelievable, so I decided that I would buy new
type to the cost value of those hours and try one month
without any picking.

“ For the first few days it seemed that there would be
no end to the demand for sorts and small fonts, but it
soon slacked up and by the end of the month we had spent
a trifle more than the amount intended. I anxiously
awaited the finishing of the new monthly statement of
costs and rather expected that I would find that there was
about the same number of actual productive hours as be¬
fore and a higher cost, but imagine my surprise when I
found that, with the same number of hours paid for, we
had 384 actual productive hours, which gave me fifty-nine

hours to pay for the sorts, and an actual profit on the
cost of the new type, which was there to save money next
month.

“ My conclusion is that you did not state the propo¬
sition nearly as strongly as you should. Reduced to money

values it looks like this:

Value of saved time actually sold the second month . $82.69

Cost of sorts . 61.20

Actual profit by stopping picking . $21.49

“ I realize that there will be some sorts to buy each
month, but expect to save at least $40 per month, or say
$500 per year.”

Until a printer begins to record these little items and
see their great bulk he does not realize the total value, and
it is hard to convince him that the leak really exists. In
the case in point, the printer simply did it out of “ pure
cussedness ” to try and put one over on the “ Cost and
Method ” department. But when he found out its value he
was man enough to write and thank us for the tip.

In a large plant it would be more difficult to make such
an experiment, if not impossible, but the leak is there just
the same and may be stopped by the same method. Just
issue an order: “ No picking.” Sit tight and buy a few
fonts and a lot of sorts for the first three months and
watch the monthly statement of cost of production and
see how it affects the hour cost of composition. In this
case the hour cost with picking had been around $1.63,
and with plenty of sorts it dropped to $1.41 ; or charging
the sorts as expense, to $1.53 the first month and to $1.45%
the next two months.

Guess that was worth working for.

Where Do You Live?

This month has brought the editor of this department
more than the usual number of inquiries about advertis¬
ing for printers, and complaints regarding the results of
advertising campaigns. Just before starting this para¬
graph, we looked over a little bunch of samples that we
were saving as a text for a sermon on printers’ advertis¬
ing, and at once changed the subject. Why? Because nine
out of ten of those samples did not give any city or town
as the place where their business is located.

A printer may feel that he is so well known in his
community that he does not need to name the town on
his advertising, but he is mistaken. A stranger coming
into town and picking up his advertising does not know
whether 302 First street is in San Francisco or in North
Wales; he may need printing, but, being a stranger, does
not go to that printer unless he is the only one in the
town. Again, every printer has ambitions of a business
extending into the next county, if not further, and there¬
fore should never allow a piece of his advertising to go
out without the name of the city or town appearing on it.

If your advertising is attractive and good it may bring
an order from any one into whose hands it may fall, pro¬
vided it tells them where to send the order. Another thing
that should be considered is that the imperfect preparation
of your copy will tend to produce in the mind of the recip¬
ient a lack of confidence in your ability to do accurate work
and cause him to hesitate to entrust his order with you
for fear that something important may be neglected.

Too much talk about a trifle? Not a bit. It is no trifle
to deliberately spend money for advertising that is not
capable of bringing business because of inherent defects.
Think it over seriously and resolve never to allow your
town-name to be omitted. You should boost your town,
anyhow.

THE INLAND PRINTER

201

\jAAlll Alllim llllii a A A A AMI A A A AAI^

PRESSROOM

The assistance of pressmen is desired in the solution of the problems of the pressroom in an endeavor to reduce the various

processes to an exact science.

Wants Ink Solvent for Printed Badge.

(1895) A Pennsylvania printer sends a ribbon printed
in brown ink and writes as follows: “ We have printed a
considerable quantity of the ribbon badges like the en¬
closed, on which we have made an error in printing. Can
you kindly inform us how we may remove the ink? I will
be very much interested in your reply.”

Ansiver. — We do not know of a solvent that will com¬
pletely remove the ink and leave the ribbon unimpaired
by the treatment. We are inclined to believe there is no
hope of saving the stock. If any of our readers know of
a method for removing ink from ribbon, we would like to
hear of it for the benefit of our correspondent.

(1898) Richard King, foreman of the printing depart¬
ment of the Corona Typewriter Company, writes : “ In

regard to inquiry 1866, under the heading, ‘ Pressroom,’
I wish to submit the following suggestion, which may be
of help to you: The only way to get perfect register on
a platen press, and a way you can absolutely rely on, is to
have the quads firmly glued to platen bed. To do this, I
always get an impression on my tympan, then get my posi¬
tion and cut out where I have marked a space large
enough for the quads to fit, allowing a little leeway, of
course. Before gluing the quads, it is advisable to stick
small pieces of paper under them, thereby insuring firm¬
ness. Then if you should want to raise the tympan, you
will not change your register.”

Imperfectly Inked Label.

(1889) An Indiana printer submits a label printed
four-up on a platen press on plate-finished label paper.
From the description given in the letter, and the appear¬
ance of the labels, we believe the fault lies in using rollers
of insufficient covering capacity for the size of the plates.
He writes as follows : “ Herewith enclosed you will find

a label printed on glazed stock. You will see the ink does
not cover well, and we do not know how to remedy the
trouble. The ink was specially bought for this job, so
the trouble must have been a lack of knowing how to work

the ink. The job will be run on a - press. If you

can inform us how to remedy the trouble we will be under
great obligations.”

Answer .— This grade of paper is very difficult to print
on, especially on a platen press. The trouble is that you
have insufficient distribution. You can improve the cover¬
ing capacity of the inking-rollers by an attachment which
gives the lateral distribution as the rollers move down and
up over the form. By this method alone can very heavy
forms be properly inked on the press you refer to. We
can supply you with the address of the makers of the ink¬
ing attachment. Double-rolling the form may help you
improve the work in the present condition of the press.

The make-ready of the work can be improved by having
a tympan made of about six sheets of print with a hard
manila top sheet. Just beneath the top sheet place a sheet
of thin pressboard.

Mechanical Overlay for Small Shop.

(1894) An Indiana printer writes: “ I am holding
down a job as an all-around man, but there are some
things about presswork that give me quite a bit of trouble,
so I am going to take the liberty of asking you a few
questions on this subject. This is a small shop, but we
have quite a few half-tone runs and I would like to know
a good method of make-ready for such work. Is there not
a ‘chalk overlay’? I think I have read of one. Could
you explain this method to me? One more: Can a half¬
tone be printed satisfactorily on bond-paper? I will appre¬
ciate any help you can give me.”

Answer. — The chalk overlay is a sheet of special stock
coated evenly on both sides with a substance that can be
etched away with a weak acid. An offset impression is
pulled on a sheet of the stock and it is placed in a bath
and allowed to remain a few minutes, or longer, accord¬
ing to the nature of the overlay desired. After etching
for a short time, it is removed, washed, and then placed
between sheets of blotting paper to dry, after which it is
ready to apply to a tympan. The ordinary half-tone plate
will not print satisfactorily on common bond-paper unless
the fibers of the stock are laid flat by an impression from
a hot brass plate. You can secure a fair print on bond-
paper if you have an extra deeply etched plate and use
a very hard tympan and a good overlay. The screen
should have about 100 lines and the subject selected should
have well-defined tones. The best job-black ink and good,
fleshy rollers should be used. Under the top sheet of the
tympan a very thin sheet of brass may be placed. The
overlay may be placed beneath this sheet.

Sale Bill Wrinkles in Printing.

(1893) An Illinois printer submits a specimen of sale
bill printed on cheap, flat stock. The letter reads: “ Will
you please explain to us why this sheet buckles? We are

running these sheets from an electro on a - press.

We have tried underlaying and overlaying and can not
get good results. Thought probably you could enlighten
us or give us a pointer or two that would help.”

Answer. — Usually the wrinkles are produced by buck¬
ling of the sheet at the gripper edge. We would suggest
that you feed a sheet to the guides and turn press slowly
and observe how the front edge of the sheet appears when
the grippers close on it. If the sheet is not smooth and
shows waves, or slight wrinkles, you must bend your
efforts toward having the sheet taken smoothly by the
grippers. However, if the trouble does not appear as in
the foregoing, it may be due to faulty blocking of the

202

THE INLAND PRINTER

plate. Try the electro on a stone to see if it tilts. If it
is level and not warped, and it requires underlaying, place
the underlays between the plate and block and not under
the block. Use a tympan made of hard manila sheets
rather than soft paper. The make-ready may be marked
out and pasted upon a sheet of print, which should be
placed about four or five sheets down in the tympan. We
are of the opinion that a close scrutiny of the sheets when
taken by the grippers may show the cause of your trouble
if it is not in the plate itself.

Speed of Press May Affect Register.

(1896) Edward 0. Gould, Montpelier, Vermont,
writes: “I note in Pressroom Department of The In¬
land Printer an article, No. 1867, ‘ Does Irregular Speed
of a Cylinder Press Cause Imperfect Register? ’ I will
answer that from the experiences I have had. By testing
on the draw-sheet it can be proved that the fault is not
with the press, but with the paper or feeding. The feed-
table may be too high, which causes the sheet to wabble
as the grippers take it. The table should be low enough
so that the grippers can grasp the sheet without moving
it. Also, one should see that the paper strippers on the
front of the cylinder do not draw the sheet when it goes
over. This will sometimes change the register, and it is
also wise to see that the grippers do not strike the sheet
too hard, but that they bite the sheet with an even pres¬
sure. Feed a sheet first by the table, then take the sheet
and pull, first by one end and then the other, to see that
there is an even pressure on all of them. I think you will
find your trouble fits one of these cases, as I have had the
same trouble myself.”

Half-Tone Fills Up.

(1892) A Vermont pressman submits a circular
printed on enameled stock and a hanger printed on S. &
S. C. stock. The accompanying letter reads : “ I am

enclosing sheets of two jobs which have given us consid¬
erable trouble. The first was run on a two-roller pony
press with a medium grade of half-tone ink. On this job
we finally overcame the mark you will notice by double¬
rolling. This required much extra time. The second was
run on a medium-sized, four-roller press with a good grade
of blue ink. We tried doctoring the ink, changing the roll¬
ers and double-rolling, but all without satisfactory results.
We will thank you for any help you may give.”

Answer. — On the first sample the failure of the por¬
trait plate to print properly, we believe, is due to shallow
etching, which caused the ink to fill the fine dots in the
middle tones and converted them into shadows. To print
work of this character, the form-rollers should not be set
too firmly on the plate, as this condition tends to drive
the ink into the fine dots, especially where the etching
is shallow. Also, work of this nature should be printed
on hard packing, and mechanical overlays should be used.
A stiff, but not tacky, ink should be employed, and the
amount of pressure should be regulated carefully. You
will note by comparison that the organ shown on the page
opposite the portrait prints very nicely. The middle
tones are not filled up as in the portrait. A two-roller
press should print such a form properly with one rolling,
providing all other conditions are normal. On the second
specimen, the edge of the plates marked with “ X ” shows
a streak, which we judge is due to the rollers being set
too low. We may be mistaken on this point, but that is
the only cause we can ascribe with the limited informa¬
tion at hand. We believe the grades of ink used are blame¬
less in the matter.

Pressman Troubled with Register on Cardboard.

(1888) An Illinois pressman writes: “May I again
ask for advice on a most perplexing question which has
arisen and caused me some very anxious moments as to the
why and wherefore. The trouble in question is how to get
a hair-line register on 8-ply cardboard. I have a job on
the press which is a very beautiful piece of work, a five-
color process job, run three-up, six-on, 8-ply board, coated
on both sides, size about 20 by 30 inches. I have run con¬
siderable hair-line work on paper-stock, but my experience
on cardboard is quite limited. I will mention a few pre¬
cautions and adjustments I made to get a good job. The
plates were for patent blocks which I used on our Warnock-
Towner blocks and gaged type-high (.918). The form was
locked on the bed sidewise and endwise to prevent any
possible slide (no spring from too tight a lockup). The
form was made ready in the regular way and the adjust¬
ments for delivery and register started. First, I set the
feed-board with about two points play between guide-tongue
and packing. Guides were about five inches from either
end. I loosened all the grippers and the tumbler was
resting firmly with a good spring on stop. I inserted two
sheets of thickness of .006-in. print between tumbler and
stop, and, with all the grippers loose, I proceeded from
center of rod with a piece of the 8-ply board under each
gripper, with a fairly firm pressure on gripper, then set
them all the same, and when the two sheets of .006 paper
were taken out the grippers had a good hold on stock. The
guides raised fast enough, but not too fast. I attached a
piece of lead metal furniture about 3 by 15 picas to each
grasshopper to add a little more weight, and they lifted
without any drag on the sheet. The press is in a good
registering condition. The speed was maintained the
same throughout, about 900 per hour, and was well fed.
I am letting you know of the conditions minutely so you
can have something to work on. Have you any advice as
to how to make a few adjustments on press to handle a
cardboard job successfully? I am very much disappointed
in the register I got after taking all the pains I did, and
only hope that there is something I don’t know that will
help me in the future on jobs of a like nature. I will also
add that in running the job mentioned I put a roll of paper
about 2% inches high on the back edge of the 8-ply board
to hold it to guides. I want you to feel free in offering
any criticism. I hope for a few suggestions that will, I
know, help me in the future.”

Answer. — The precautions you took were praiseworthy
and should have merited better success in registering.
There are two points we would add: Instead of putting a
roll of paper under back edge of sheets to hold them to
guides, we would have the stock away back on the feed-
board in such a position that the sheets at the guides
would lie flat on the feed-board. Another thing we would
do is to glue a piece of coarse muslin, canvas or denim on
the feed-board and have it wider than the sheet and extend¬
ing farther back than the width of the sheet. This would
make it a trifle harder to feed, but would tend to maintain
the sheet at the guides when once placed there by the
feeder. One thing in particular is to see that the entire
sheet lies flat and is not elevated at rear end.

“ I’ve come to kill a printer,” said the little man.

“Any printer in particular?” asked the foreman.

“ Oh, any one will do. I would prefer a small one, but
I’ve got to make some sort of a show at fight, or leave
home, since the paper called my wife’s tea-party a ‘ swill
affair.’ ” — Exchange.

THE INLAND PRINTER

203

A MODERN PRINTER’S BUILDING.

BY OUR REPRESENTATIVE.

HE general trend of the printing industry
today is manifested in the character of the
buildings being erected for the purpose of
housing printing-plants. In years past it
has seemed that the policy of “ any old
thing will do ” was followed to a very
large extent. Not so today, however. From
all sections of the country evidence is
received which plainly shows that every bit as much
thought and care is being given to the details of design,
construction, etc., of printers’ buildings as is given those
for other lines of business. In fact, many of the printers’

he made the statement: “ Thex-e is no reason why a
printing-plant should resemble a foundry or a cold-storage
plant. We live here most of our life, let’s have it nice.”

As will be seen in the illustration, the building is in an
ideal location, away from the noise and dirt which are
generally encountered in the business district of a city.
Open space on all sides precludes any possibility of light
and air being cut off by the erection of another building
immediately alongside. The building is of reinforced con¬
crete construction, faced with reddish-brown tapestry
brick, and is 100 feet wide by 150 feet deep, with three
floors and basement. The greater part of the wall surface
is of glass set in Fenestra steel sash, which floods the
workrooms with light and fresh air.

Home of the Brown, Blodgett & Sperry Company, St. Paul, Minnesota.

The entrance gate, at the extreme right-hand side of the picture, is used as a screen for a powerful flashlight,
which throws a flood of light on the building at night.

buildings erected during the past few years have set an
entirely new standard for office and factory buildings.

It is fitting that this is so. Printing, it is true — and
good printing, too — can be produced in any kind of a
building. It is also true that the surroundings have a
great effect on the workers, and, therefore, on their prod¬
uct. A building that is designed to give the best possible
light without artificial means, and which is well venti¬
lated, is far more conducive to good work than one of the
opposite character. This is recognized by designers of
buildings for industrial purposes, and it is plainly seen
that much thought has been given to these matters in the
more recently constructed printers’ buildings.

Standing on the wide boulevard, known as University
avenue, which is the great artery of traffic between St.
Paul and Minneapolis, Minnesota, and viewing the splen¬
did new home of the Brown, Blodgett & Sperry Company,
one can not help but feel impressed by the thought that
here, indeed, is the “ realization of an ideal,” the ideal
expressed by John A. Hill, of the Hill publications, when

The offices and salesrooms, and also the art department,
are on the third floor. Every possible convenience in the
way of office equipment has been provided for the efficient
conduct of the business, and a special room has been set
aside for conferences of any nature.

The first floor is given over to the composing-room,
monotype machines, stockroom, cylinder and Gordon
presses, and the receiving-room. The entire floor is open,
no dividing walls being placed between the departments,
so that the full benefit of the daylight is given in every
section, and there is free circulation of air.

The composing-room occupies the entire southeast cor¬
ner, and is fully equipped with cases, storage cabinets,
stones, proof-presses, and various labor-saving devices, and
is so laid out that all waste space and unnecessary steps
are eliminated and the men can work at the greatest effi¬
ciency. The monotype machines are in a room directly
behind the composing-room. In this way, the noise of the
casting-machines is cut off, yet there are no waste steps
in carrying the matter set into the composing-room.

Views in the Plant of the Brown, Blodgett & Sperry Company, St. Paul, Minnesota.

Upper left-hand picture: Superintendent’s office. Note the glass partition, giving an unobstructed view over practically the entire floor. Upper right-hand
picture : The composing-room. Lower left-hand picture : A view of the main floor, showing the cylinder presses at the right, the Gordon
presses in the center, and the composing-room in the distance at the left. The monotype and stock rooms, which are on
this same floor, do not appear in this picture. Lower right-hand picture: The stockroom.

THE INLAND PRINTER

205

Cylinder presses are arranged in a single row down
the west side of the floor, as will be seen in one of the
illustrations. Plenty of space has been allowed around
each press so the pressmen are not crowded, and, being
placed along the side of the building, which is practically
all glass, the light is perfect on all sides of each press.
The delivery-ends of the presses are next the windows. A
wide aisle has been left at the back of the presses, which

A Corner of the President’s Office.

facilitates the handling of paper. The battery of job-
presses runs in a double row down the center of the floor.

In the northeast corner of the floor, next to the receiv¬
ing-room, are the stockroom and cutting-machines, so that
stock may be carried in a direct line from the receiving-
room to the stockroom and then to the presses.

On the second floor are the bindery and lithograph
departments. A special room has been set off for the
lithograph engravers, where they can work without possi¬
bility of disturbance from other departments. The trans¬
ferrers and the lithograph presses occupy the entire south
side of the floor, and a room has been provided close at
hand for the storage of stones and zinc plates.

An office for the superintendent has been provided on
this floor. This is inclosed with glass walls, permitting
privacy and quiet, and giving a view of the entire floor.

The remainder of this floor is occupied by the bindery,
the ruling-machines, bookbinding and finishing depart¬
ments being along the west side, just back of the super¬
intendent’s office. The tables for handwork are set at
right angles to the north windows, which permits of ample
light without the direct sunlight which would make their
work uncomfortable in hot weather. Trimming-machines,
folders, stitchers, perforators, punches, and the other
machines used in the bindery, are lined up in the center
of the floor with wide aisles to give ample trucking space.

At one corner, facing the freight-elevator, is the
inspectors’ bench. Here all jobs are thoroughly inspected,
packed and labeled, then sent down a spiral chute to the
shipping-room in the basement.

Shipping and receiving rooms are closely related, so a
canopy has been provided to protect the entrance to these
rooms, thereby permitting the loading and unloading of
goods in stormy weather. The door of the receiving-room
is at truck height, as is also the door of the freight-
elevator opening into the shipping-room, which facilitates
loading and unloading.

An excellent system of indirect illumination has been
provided, a 400-watt light being used for every 20 by 21

feet of space, thereby giving a practically shadowless
illumination.

Every precaution possible has been taken to guard
against accidents, and with the perfect lighting and ample
room they are few and far between. The entire building
is protected by an automatic sprinkler system, which
greatly reduces fire hazard. Another item to which care¬
ful attention has been given, and which also aids in
reducing fire hazard, is a series of fireproof chutes in the
rear of the building, which carry all waste paper and
refuse to the basement.

Considerable attention has been given to the sanitary
features of the building. All the plumbing fixtures rival
those of a first-class hotel. Shower baths, with hot water
available at all times throughout the year, are provided
for both the men and the women. White enameled wash¬
basins and bubbling drinking-fountains are placed on both
sides of the workrooms.

The px-oblem of flooring was given careful considera¬
tion, and the results secured are worthy the careful con¬
sideration of others planning the erection of buildings.
Concrete was considered too hard on the workers, and
compositions did not seem to stand the heavy trucking.
Ordinary wood flooring was also unsatisfactory. Finally,
it was decided to use creosoted pine blocks set on a thick
cushion of sand over concrete. This, it has been found,
cuts down the noise, eliminates vibration and contributes
greatly to the comfort and the efficiency of the workers.
All presses and motors are anchored on concrete bases.

The greater part of the basement — which, being
almost on the street level, receives the benefit of daylight
— is given over to the storage of furniture and stationery
used in the extensive city and country business of the
company. A complete stationery store or display-room
is also maintained in the basement for the benefit of out-

The Sales Office.

of-town customers who visit the plant, and for the con¬
venience of the many offices in that district.

A stationery and office-equipment store, and also a
salesroom for printing, is maintained in the down-town
district, being built especially for the business. Every
available inch of space is used for display, the warehous¬
ing being done from the factory.

To those who contemplate the erection of new build¬
ings, probably no better advice could be offered than
“ Consider well the results secured by this company.” Both
buildings stand for the realization of an ideal — one that
more printers could well cultivate with profit.

206

THE INLAND PRINTER

Written for The Inland Printer.

NEW YORK THE PRINTING CENTER OF THE WORLD.

BY STEPHEN H. HORGAN.

N the metropolis of America, printing, in¬
cluding its allied trades, is second in its
industries, the manufacture of clothing
being the first. There are about 2,650
printing-plants in New York, employing
68,540 people, 26,053 of these being com¬
positors and pressmen, receiving salaries
and wages of $76,955,000, and turning out
product valued at $215,570,954. These figures are the
result of a survey made by the city authorities, and from
which they conclude that one-twelfth of the printing of
the world is produced in New York.

“ Little old New York ” began early to develop the
printing art, for did not the first printers’ strike take
place there? But this was during the American Revolu¬
tion, when “ kicking ” was in order. It was here that the
Harpers first applied power to the printing-press, even
though it was mule power. The mule was hoisted up to
the top floor every morning, and after traveling around
and turning a vertical shaft all day he was returned to
the earth by a block and tackle each evening. From that
single mule the machinery required has grown until it
would require millions and millions of mules to drive it
today.

When David Bruce, Jr., a New Yorker, invented the
typecasting machine in 1838, his was the greatest improve¬
ment in the business from the time movable type was in¬
vented. By the old hand mold an expert might cast
fifteen pieces of type a minute. Bruce’s machine cast 200
a minute. David Bruce, the elder, introduced stereotyping
into New York in 1813. At that time the method for get¬
ting a stereotype block level was to turn the back of it
smooth in a lathe. Bruce invented the shaving-machine,
which was then called a leveling-machine. He also in¬
vented the block for holding stereotype and electrotype
plates.

Typesetting machines were either invented or devel¬
oped in New York. There were many of them, the Burr
and Thorne machine, now the Unitype, being the most suc¬
cessful until Mergenthaler came from Baltimore with his
machine, which was perfected in New York. The same
can be said about the improvements in stereotyping and
electrotyping; invented elsewhere, they were perfected in
the metropolis.

It was Charles Craske, a steel-engraver, who perfected
the making of stereotype molds from paper and made the
first curved stereotype plate. This was in 1850. Later
he was making the curved stereotypes for several of the
daily newspapers. It was Silas P. Knight’s wet black¬
leading process, worked out in the Harpers’ plant, that
made the electrotyping process entirely practical for print¬
ing purposes.

At the mention of printing-presses, anywhere, the name
of Hoe comes to mind. Not so much because of the orig¬
inality of the firm, but because of the perfecting of the
inventions of others. Still, Richard M. Hoe’s lightning
type-revolving press of 1846 was one of the wonders of the
printing world in its day. William Bullock in 1865 worked
out his web press, using stereotype plates on small cylin¬
ders, and the type-revolving press became so much junk.
Bullock was killed in his own press in 1867. Among the
other presses developed in New York was the Adams press
of 1830, which is still in use, and which lifts a flat bed up
against a flat platen. Its product has never been excelled

in quality. Then there are the Campbell and the Gordon
presses. During the fifties and sixties George P. Gordon
was the most prolific inventor of improvements on the
job-press.

Printing-rollers made of a composition were also per¬
fected by Francis & Loutrell in 1864 and L. K. Bingham
in 1866 in New York.

It was New York that taught the world how to print
illustrations: Joseph A. Adams, engraver, electrotyper
and, above all, a printer, produced a Bible for Harper &
Brothers in 1843 that will always remain a marvel of the
printing art and a monument to Adams. Sixteen hundred
of the engravings were by Adams, a feat sufficient in itself,
but they would have passed unnoticed were it not for the
marvelous manner in which they were printed. This
achievement was due to the system of overlay-cutting
which Adams invented and which is in use by pressmen
wherever good printing is done to this day.

Theodore L. DeVinne’s name will always be known, not
only for his books on typography but for the perfection
to which he brought magazine and book printing. The
early volumes of Scribner’s and the Century magazines,
printed by him, will be prized more and more by the lov¬
ers of fine printing. He it was who proved that dry paper
could be used for printing, giving results that were equal
to those secured with wet and damp paper. Furthermore,
he also introduced the use of coated paper for the print¬
ing of half-tones.

The mention of half-tones brings to mind the fact that
the first practical method of making half-tones was first
used on the New York Daily Graphic on March 4, 1880,
as was also, in January, 1897, the first half-tones on a
newspaper stereotyping press. The Daily Graphic being
the first and only illustrated daily paper in the world for
many years, a school of illustrators was developed whose
influence is felt to this day. Ben Day devised his method
there, but the most valuable development in illustrating
was when William Kurtz brought out the first three-color
relief blocks in the early nineties. He lost his savings in
accomplishing it, while others have reaped fortunes from
his pioneer work, and three-color engraving and printing
is used all around the globe.

Now that rotary photogravure is being used so success¬
fully in the illustration of magazines and magazine sup¬
plements for newspapers, New York must be given credit
for introducing it. Lithography, wood-engraving, steel-
engraving, and now offset printing, all got their highest
development under Father Knickerbocker’s care, so it is
not to be wondered at that New York, with its great vol¬
ume of publications, has developed the inventors, the capi¬
tal and the skilled workmen that have made it the premier
city of the world in printing and its allied trades.

SOUND LOGIC.

A colored preacher had just concluded a sermon on
“ Salvation am free ” and announced that a collection
would be taken up for the benefit of the parson and his
family. A member in the audience objected to the para¬
doxical nature of the proceedings and received this bit of
negro logic in response:

“ S’pose yo’ was thirsty an’ come to a river. Yo’ could
kneel right down an’ drink your fill, couldn’t yo’? An’
it wouldn’t cost yo’ nothin’. Dat water would be free.
But, s’posin’ yo’ was to hab dat water piped to yo’ house,
yo’d have to pay, wouldn’t yo’? Waal, brudder, so it is
wid salvation. De salvation am free, but it’s de habin’ it
piped to yo’ dat yo’ got to pay fo’.” — Mack.

THE INLAND PRINTER

207

BY J. L. FRAZIER.

In this department the problems ol job composition will be discussed, and illustrated with numerous examples. These discussions and examples
will be specialized and treated as exhaustively as possible, the examples being criticized on lundamental principles ■ — the basis of all art expres¬
sion. By this method the printer will develop his taste and skill, not on mere dogmatic assertion, but on recognized and clearly defined laws.

Putting Selling Power Into ’Em !

The editor of this department has long been an admirer
of George French, and an assiduous reader of his contri¬
butions to the literature of art typography and advertis¬
ing. The fact that he has made a thorough success in both
lines of endeavor qualifies him to speak with authority on
the linking-up of the two forces. An article from his pen,
therefore, advocating the presentation of good copy in a
form that will most surely appeal to the eye — which form
can only be obtained by
strict adherence to art can¬
ons — is bound to be worth
reading by compositors and
advertising men alike. It is
a pleasure, therefore, to be
able to reprint the follow¬
ing article by Mr. French,
which appeared in a recent
number of The Advertising
News, of which he is the
managing editor:

“ We must make this
copy brutal,” said the Copy
Chief of one of those adver¬
tising agencies that have
elegant suites of rooms in
expensive buildings, with
Mr. Jones, Mr. Smith, Mr.

Robinson, Mr. Adams, etc.,
neatly lettered on glass
doors, and on one of which
is sure to be found the leg¬
end “ Service Department.”

The copy that was to be
made “ brutal ” was for a
sanitary material that was
supposed to make life not
worth living for flies, mos¬
quitoes, et cetera. The idea
of the Copy Chief was to
make a fly about as big as
a very large vulture and
perch it on the edge of a
refuse can, setting at the
back door of a house, with
children playing about. The
fly was to be as big, com¬
pared with the can and the
kids, as a three-year-old
baby, and was to be made to
look very ferocious indeed.

“ But,” said I, very mildly, “ the fly should not be so
out of proportion. It will spoil all harmony, and make the
advertisement ridiculous.”

“ Huh, it will, hey! Well, it will make the mothers sit
up and take notice. The fly must be big enough to gobble
the kids, and fierce enough to make the women think it is
going to do it, right away.”

He went on to discourse about “Art in advertising,”
and he put a lot of scornful contempt into his voice as he

said it. He made his
sketches for the series of
advertisements, and exhib¬
ited them with great pride.
Truly, they were brutal.
They were like the bad
dreams of childhood. There
is nothing in nature like
the flies that perched on the
half-opened garbage cans.
They were really awful.

That particular agency
did not get that particular
account. And it did not
get other accounts it tried
for. It lost the good ac¬
counts it did get, and after
a while it was discontinued,
and its elegant quarters
were rented to some other
business concern.

This particular copy
man had made a consider¬
able success in promoting
the sale of revolvers, and
such like goods. He was,
and is, an able advertising
man. It is not his fault
that he is inclined to follow
the lines in all of his work
along which he had made
his successes. There are
many like him in the adver¬
tising business — men who
have not learned that peo¬
ple look upon advertise¬
ments very much as they
look upon other things in
life, and like to have them
harmonize with their con¬
ceptions of art and business.
Not many persons would be

Garbage pails are a source of infection and sKould
be disinfected regularly." -Dt Woods Hutchinson.

These hot days you muse not allow
your garbage can to he the breeding place
or millions of disease germ>>.

To prevent this use

ArniMxUnte

Kills Germs — Destroys Odo
Bleaches ^Vhite Goods

The Boards of Health of New
York. Boston. Albany Norfolk,
and many other cities recommend
Chlorinated Lime as an effective,
economical disinfectant. The
W ar Departuent. U. S Govern¬
ment. has ordered a large quantity
of Chlorinated Lime from us t ef
protect the health of our hoys
in camps and trenches.

Fig. 1. — This is not shown because it is especially well designed, as
it is not. It is shown to suggest a good motive for the design. The idea
represented by the design is excellent, and goes far to condone the faults
of design, which are several and radical in their nature.

208

THE INLAND PRINTER

influenced to buy a material intended to kill a monster
they know does not exist. And the making of a fly the
size of a child is such a gross imposition upon their good

Men today are boys at forty — young men at sixty. And in the cities
—in the heart of things— men of seventy dress you rig mens parts.

QUR policy of quality always demands that
' Society Brand Clothes must retain those
elements of style, tailoring and high value in all-
wool fabrics that have made them standard.

No garment is a genuine Society Brand model unless the inside
pocket bears the label. Go to Style Headquarters —
the store that sells Society Brand Clothes.

Fig. 2. — This advertisement is so nearly right that to point out any
defect would be ungracious, though it has defects the correction of which
would slightly improve it. But it is so nearly perfect that it was easily
the most attractive advertisement in the paper publishing it.

venture to do that some zealous fellow would come to the
front to tell me that they were selling the goods, anyhow;
and he would do it with an assurance of manner that

THE TASK NOW CONFRONTING AMERICAN BUSINESS

so meet the gigantic demands of a
world war upon our industrial re- '
sources, with the flower of our man
power diverted to military service. To
produce and transport more million
tons with (ewer million men. As Pres¬
ident Wilson has pointed out: “It must
be evident to every thinking man that
our industries, on the farms, in the
shipyards, in the mines, in the factories, must be made
more prolific and more efficient than ever."

These industries stimulate all other lines ol business.
There is more activity — more money is spent— than would
be possible in ordinary times.

But how can reduced man power be made more produc¬
tive? By the use of more machinery and better machinery
and by a more concentrated use ol the equipment in hand.
What is true of production is equally true of transportation.
It is idle to produce if you cannot transport.

HIGH GRADE TRUCKS MUST REPLACE HORSES

Doing the work of three or four teams end their drivers,
one truck would save 75% of the man power. One good
truck which does the wofk of two poor ones will increase

this saving. Each unit will be taxed to the limit to save dm#
and men. The truck which is not designed to stand up
under high pressure operation, day in and day out, season
after season, will fail in the most vital respect— constant per¬
formance. Time out of service will be extremely expensive.

Even under ordinary conditions, the grinding, strain¬
ing and pounding of truck service renders the beat mech¬
anism the most economical at whatever price. Under
the extraordinary conditions before us none other will take
cart of the traffic.

WHITE TRUCKS

For years it has been the White policy to build only
the beat. There is no short cut to efficiency and endur¬
ance iff a truck. Only the pick of material and the most
refined construction will produce the White standard of
service. The White truck has always been more econom¬
ical than any cheaper make. In high pressure operation
this superiority becomes something more important than
economy; it means more days in active service— »a muck
greater volume of performance.

The largest users of motor trucks in this country recog¬
nize the White value. They buy it in fleets and add to these
fleets year after year, based upon experience. Tbeyknowthe
real value of a motor truck. Their cost records tell the story.

THE WHITE COMPANY, Cleveland. Ohio

Fig. 3. — The admirable thing about this advertisement is its tone,
though in harmony and symmetry it is fine. There is not much that can
be said in criticism of it. There is as much copy as there ought to be,
and nothing in the display lines to lead to the automobile.

sense as to make them feel that the advertised stuff must
be like the fly, an apparent fraud.

Why do copy writers and advertising designers hold
so determinedly to the false notion
that art is not to be regarded in
their work? Not all do, of course.

There are many advertising design¬
ers who give art all the authority
it deserves. But in comparison with
the mass of designers these are in
the smallest imaginable minority.

There are four excellent adver¬
tisements on the pages of this de¬
partment. They are taken from the
Saturday Evening Post, a weekly of
which you may have heard. It was
packed with advertisements — some¬
thing like three to four hundred
thousand dollars’ worth of them; but
these four were all I could find that
seemed to me to have been carefully
designed in accordance — or nearly
in accordance — with the laws that
art teaches us are essential if we are
to hope to get the pleased attention
of the greatest number of people.

I do not assume to criticize the
other advertisements. If I were to

would make it certain that that was all there is to the
argument. There is no convincing this type of advertising
man that even if an advertisement is selling goods it may
be a very bad advertisement. It is
impossible for him to conceive that
a better advertisement would sell
more goods. But there were many
advertisements in this number of the
Satevepost that might have been
much more pleasing to the eye as it
first encountered them. There were
many there that were not attractive
in any of their elements, and I for
one wonder that anybody takes the
trouble to look at them the second
time or read them through.

But those referred to as good
- — are they not pleasing to the dis¬
criminating eye? I say discriminat¬
ing eye advisedly. The eye that has
not yet learned to discriminate knows
nothing about the pleasure of a piece
of real art. It can see nothing in a
fine painting, or in a glorious autum¬
nal sunset. Of course it can see
nothing in a good piece of design,
whether it be an advertisement or a
cathedral. The eye has got to be

Fig. 4. — A great deal of thought was put into
this design, and much work, but it is calculated
to persuade the reader to neglect the text and
pass on to the black illustration below.

THE INLAND PRINTER

209

THE foregoing comment was not prompted
by the enthusiasm of the moment for a new car

It was penned by the owner after an inti¬
mate acquaintance with his Cadillac covering a
penod of two years

The longer he drove it the more he realized
that he had never seen anything in print which really
described it.

And.it is because of the absence of anything
with which to compare it that comparisons are not
possible.

It is because its performance is so unique
and so fascinating that it is difficult to describe

It is difficult to describe a sense of motion
where one becomes almost forgetful that he is borne
along by mechanical means

The quickness of pick-up, the instant re¬
sponse, the sustained power are things which mere
words cannot portray.

Likewise it is difficult to express in words
the impression of smoothness which rough roads
seem to possess when traversed in a Cadillac.

The Cadillac 7j.0e.t7 Chan it will be available mlh ikt fcUowi

CADILLAC MOTOR CAR CO« D ETROIT

educated to appreciate real
art, in advertising as well
as in painting. And it is
as much the job of the de¬
signer of advertisements to
try and help people to see
good art in advertising as
it is for the art schools to
try and educate people to
see good art in good art.

The reason why adver¬
tising should suggest good
art is, at bottom, a strictly
commercial reason. People
do not crave the ordinary.

The advertisement that
simply asks people to buy
a specified article is a poor
advertisement. The buying
impulse ought to follow on
the heels of a keen appre¬
ciation of the advertisement
as something worth looking
at. The idea is much the
same in this as in the mat¬
ter of taste. Most of the
food we eat is taken be¬
cause we like to taste it.

The idea of making blood,
bone and muscle never en¬
ters our heads. We have
to be cajoled into eating
through the sense of taste.

If food did not taste good
when it enters our mouths
we would not eat enough to make us efficiently strong.

If we were able to buy only the bare necessities of life,
there would be little use in advertis¬
ing at all. It is that the advertise¬
ments make us aware of needs that
would but for their appeal lie dor¬
mant, and perhaps never be recog¬
nized. This is not confessing that
advertising panders to artificial needs
only. Remember the sense of taste.

It honeyfugles us into eating a variety
of foods, containing all of the ele¬
ments that we need to support a virile
life. The needs that are developed by
advertising are very real needs. They
contribute to the width, the depth,
and the height of life. That we are
able to follow the suggestions of ad¬
vertising and so surround ourselves
with articles that make us more con¬
tent, that make us more appreciative
of the esthetic side of life, or that
enable us to cater to our very mate¬
rial needs with more skill and greater
economy, adds greatly to the worth
and significance of the life we are
obliged anyway to live.

The real office of advertising is,
then, to develop unrecognized needs,
and make it possible for us to realize,
in this and that direction, flavors and
subtleties and benefits that we would
never unaided have been able to de-
2-o

- -/ have never seen anything in print
that really describes this wonderful car.”

(A Cadillac owner in Cleveland. Ohio.)

Nor is it possible to express in words the
feeling that hills seem almost to, melt away as the
car surmounts them.

Again, it is difficult to describe the feeling
of rest and-relaxation which Cadillac motorists enjoy
—even on long journeys.

And the sense of security.the peace of mind,
the freedom from apprehension of annoyance, are
thoughts not easy to convey.

It is only when you have ridden in and driven
the car, that you can know and understand the
differences between the Cadillac and merely “a
motor car”.

The performance fascinates you on your
thousandth ride no less than on your first.

As your Cadillac experience broadens, your
enthusiasm increases— the charm intensifies.

You begin to understand the feelings of the
owner who said: "I have nevei seen anything in
print that really describes this wonderful car”

And then it will dawn upon you that the
best description of the Cadillac is that words cannot
describe it.

A IC H 1 O X N

Fig. 5. — This advertisement is one that will be criticized by a cer¬
tain class of advertising men, because it is manifestly made to be
attractive in a different way from the majority of automobile adver¬
tisements. So far as its design is concerned, it might be used for
almost anything else ; but, how serious a fault is that anyway?

Paige cars have long since demonstrated their independence of all
“price fields.”

American men and women now .buy a Paige — not because of the price
tag which is attached to it — but because of it6 well established
reputation as a fine mechanical product.

On this basis, the Paige will always represent a “preferred investment"
among motor cars. Its actual cost in dollars and cents will always
be an important, but an altogether secondary consideration.

Heu—it h impoulNt foe ui w fjaraniee I be lollc

JvpMsenst/ $1595 Sedan

:n-p*uux«er $!•’'“ '
.c-pacicngt/ SI

Lin wood “SIX-J9" fivc-passengcr $1260 TownCii
Brook land] "Slx-51" (our-paj«nstf $1795 Limousin*
Dartmoor "Six-J9” 2 or )-paoons« $1260

Paige-Detroit Motor Car Company, Detroit. Michigan

PAIGE-DETROIT COMPANY OF NEW YORK, Inc.
1886 Broadway Phone Columbus 6720

rta l. A.O. M.U.. Corparatioa P.lja Ca. al Ca. al

Fig. 6. — It is not claimed that this advertise¬
ment is perfect as to design. It is not. But
the units are properly assembled to assist the
eye to find the text. (Compare with Fig. 4.)

fine, and to help us dis¬
criminate between possible
things we may have or do.
If it is to do this, its ap¬
proach to us must be very
diplomatic. We are not go¬
ing romping over the pages
of the periodicals and news¬
papers seeking advertising
temptation. It has got to
come to us in the usual way.
That is the way with temp¬
tation — it seeks out the
avenue into the minds of
its subjects that promises
to be the most direct and
the easiest. We would
never get the cocktail habit
if we had to go to uninter¬
esting and ugly shops to
get them, and were there
served by sour and dumb
bartenders. With the habit
there must be the lure.

Advertisements must be
temptations, or they are no
good at all. If they do not
allure into buying they are
quite useless. And they do
so allure the reader if they
tempt his eye first. They
will not tempt the eye un¬
less they are made in a
manner that the eye has
learned to consider beauti¬
ful, artistic if you like. It is all one and the same thing —
beauty and art; and it is the conception of beauty on the
part of the individual that makes art
for that particular individual.

Now, an advertisement is not made
for the purpose of making it possi¬
ble to classify it as art. It is made
for the purpose of inducing those peo¬
ple who see it to buy something; and
they won’t buy a thing unless the ad¬
vertisement makes an agreeable im¬
pression upon them.

So far so good. But now how are
we to know what will make a good
impression upon people? One person
says a certain object is artistic while
another person says it is punk. Which
is right? And how are we to know
what is art and what is punk, with
reference to the people who will see
our advertisements?

There are certain art principles
that have grown up out of the appre¬
ciation of masses of people through
many centuries. The curve is a line
of beauty to everybody. The “ Golden
Section ” is an agreeable form to
everybody. Primary principles of
proportion, of harmony, of symmetry,
of perspective, of color, of tone, of
light-and-shade, etc., make designs
that are agreeable to everybody,
though of course but few can so

-S«-)9

If "Suc-5 r*
no -Six-51 - 5*
f. o. b. t

210

THE INLAND PRINTER

analyze their emotions as to enable them to say that these
elements of art are responsible for their pleasure in forms.

These primary art principles are essential in adver¬
tising design, and they are absent — one or several of
them — from the advertising that is not instantly attrac¬
tive. They are not worked into the advertising in this
particularly copy of the Saturday
Evening Post that I am now and then
alluding to — not as consistently and
thoroughly and skilfully as they
should be. They are present in these
examples I have chosen to show. In
some of the other advertisements there
are some of these principles incorpo¬
rated in some measure. But most of
them seem to try to get their attrac¬
tive qualities by main force, something
in the manner the copy man quoted
had in mind when he got his artist to
make the mammoth fly.

Did you ever try to compare ad¬
vertising to well-dressed men? The
man who makes the best impression
upon you is artistically dressed. He,
or his tailor and haberdasher, has
studied the art canons of harmony,
proportion, symmetry, and especially
of tone and color. He does not wear
a hat five sizes too large for his head,
nor No. 9 shoes on No. 6 feet. Each
of the units of his dress is selected
with reference to all the other units,
and all of the units are attuned to
the result desired.

The well-dressed man is the well-
designed man ; likewise, the resultful
advertisement is the well-designed
advertisement.

As a sort of foil for the well-
designed advertisements shown on
these pages, we are showing some that
are not so well designed, and one of
those advertisements that are being
used in the campaign referred to in
the opening paragraph. This is an
advertisement used in place of the
“ brutal ” ones designed by the copy
chief who is referred to. It is not at
all brutal, yet it does very graphically
represent what the sanitary material
is expected to do for the health of
the family. The material is, it may
be said in passing, simply the old-
fashioned chloride of lime. The Food
and Drugs Act makes it impossible to
sell the stuff under the old name,
which was not strictly scientifically accurate, inasmuch as
the material is not chloride of lime, but, as it is now called,
chlorinated lime.

Two of the auto advertisements are shown to draw
attention to the bad practice of placing the chief attractive
unit of an advertisement at its bottom rather than at the
top. The Velie advertisement, as stated before, errs in this,
that the attractive features are placed where the reader
quits his viewing and goes on to other matters. He will
not return to the text of the advertisements unless he has
been so definitely interested as to make him take the back
track. The Paige advertisement is properly designed, in

this respect. The eye of the reader takes in the picture
and then drops naturally, and necessarily, to the text.
The text may not be read, but it comes under the eye, and
if it is interesting, and readable, there is a much greater
chance that it will be read than if the picture were to be
placed at the bottom. This particular error is a great
favorite with the designers of auto¬
mobile advertising, just now. They
seem to have somehow come to the
conclusion that to be strong, punchy,
appealing, their advertising must be
wrong artistically. Not all of them
use this error, but many do. Not all
automobile advertising is generally
poor, but much of it is — in copy
and design. Chiefly it seems to be
thoughtless — written and designed
without thought of how it is to strike
the readers, doubtless with a view of
making it different. I would not like
to say what proportion of the power
there ought to be in the big-spaced
automobile advertising is denied to it
through the use of this error in de¬
signing, but quite a bit. I would be
willing to agree not to write more
articles criticizing advertisements if I
could be paid the money lost in this
way — I would not need to do any¬
thing but deposit and spend money.

In the placing of the units of the
advertising design depends some of
the value of the advertising to the ad¬
vertisers, and to the readers, assum¬
ing that readers are fundamentally
interested in advertising — if it is of
real benefit to them, that is. If there
is anything that is worth advertising
at all it is worth advertising as well
as we know how to advertise it. I
mean as well as the present knowledge
of advertising makes possible. The
reason that there is so much poor ad¬
vertising is that there are so many
poor advertising writers and design¬
ers. Those who have the making of
advertisements do not yet fully be¬
lieve that there is any better way to
make them than to call upon their
inner consciousness for guidance and
inspiration, and it is a poor source.

ART PROMOTIVE OF ALL ARTS.

For years and years the idea has
been hammered into young, middle-
aged and old printers that Printing
Is the Art Preservative of All Arts. If this were all,
printing would soon become nothing but a record of accom¬
plishments already attained. Printing is much more than
this; it is the Art Promotive of All Arts; and in the ful¬
filling of this function the Press is doing infinitely more
than it could ever accomplish as a mere preserver of all
arts. Printing lights the way for greater life, fuller joy,
and bounteous happiness for all mankind. It preserves the
record of past achievements, it is true, but it also opens the
door for larger opportunity, higher rewards, more frequent
promotions. In short, Printing is Power to those who know
how to use it. — The Honolulu Item.

PIERCE-ARROW

ACCUMULATIVE VALUE OF THE PIERCE-ARROW

THE Pierce-Arrow Car hxs been built consist¬
ently for that man who wants permanency in
a motor car.

It has avoided styles fashioned to the varying hour
which needlessly depreciate a car able to give service
over a long period of years.

Many men, easily able to afford new cars each
season, insist on sticking to their old Picrce-Arrows,
which are rapidly approaching the 200,000 mark in
mileage. It is surprising how well these cars look,
even when placed alongside some of the newest models.

This is as the advertisement was made and
used by the advertiser.

"'HE Pierce-Arrow Car has been built consist¬
ently for that man who wants permanency in
a motor car

It has avoided styles fashioned to the varying hour
which needlessly depreciate a car able to give service
over a long period of years.

Many men, easily able to afford new cars each
season, insist on sticking to their old Picrce-Arrows,
which are rapidly approaching the 200,000 mark in
mileage. It. is surprising how well these' cars look,
even when placed alongside some of the newest models.

This is as we would change it to make it right.

THE INLAND PRINTER

211

SPECIMENS

BY J. L. FRAZIER.

Under this head will be briefly reviewed brochures, booklets and specimens oi printing sent in for criticism. Literature submitted for this pur¬
pose should be marked “For Criticism” and directed to The Inland Printer Company, Chicago. Postage on packages containing specimens must
not be included in package of specimens, unless letter postage is placed on the entire package. Specimens should be mailed flat, not rolled.

P. H. Lorentz, Buckhannon, West Virginia.
— Specimens are well designed and neat. No
faults can be pointed out where none exist. The
colors used are pleasing.

John C. Cathcart, Columbia, South Caro¬
lina. — The specimens are very pleasing in
design. Really, though, there are too many
“ spots ” in the small matter on the proof-
envelope.

Charles W. Chaddock, Beloit, Kansas. —
The letter-heads are all good, especially your
own. The two small lines of capitals of the
Annan & Company heading are crowded too
closely, which makes reading rather difficult.

Butler chapels’ picnic is interesting, to say the
least. The ingenuity exercised in making an
illustration of an interurban car from rules,
border and decorative units is quite commend¬
able from the standpoint of novelty.

Lora H. Bailey, Salisbury, Maryland. — The
date lines on the title-page of the program for
the Eastern Shore Sunday School Institute
could be raised to a point slightly above the
center of the space between the ornament and
the lines above. Why the rules at either end of
the bottom line?

A. C. Gruver, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. — ■
While not at all out of the ordinary, the sam-

of the three primary colors is bound to be.
The effect, however, is too warm, because of
the predominance of the bright colors. Too
much warm color in a design not only makes it
appear bizarre, but has a tendency to cause it
to appear cheap as well. Strong effects can be
secured with more pleasing combinations.

Fenton & Gardiner, New York city. — You
are entirely correct in your belief that the book¬
let for the Monroe Calculating Machine Com¬
pany is better than the average. We will state
that it is very pleasing in appearance and emi¬
nently readable, mainly because of intelligent
type selection. The cover presents a quite un-

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A. E. SCHAAR

Printer

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PROOF

-prom A. E. SCHAAR, Printer

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MARK CORRECTIONS AND RETURN TO US AT ONCE.

□

A package-label on which little care was exercised in the distribution of
white space and which, therefore, presents an
appearance of disorder.

A resetting of the same copy as used alongside, in which due attention is
given the important matter of orderly arrangement
and symmetry of white space.

Douglas C. McMurtrie, New York city. —
The folder by which the association of Mr.
Birnbaum with your staff is announced is de¬
signed in your usual high-class, interesting and
readable style.

The Service Printing Company, Canton,
Ohio. — All your specimens have a punch, as
readers who saw the four pages in our specimen
insert last month will agree. Intelligence dis¬
played in the proper handling of the new Pub¬
licity Gothic is commendable.

The Tribune Printing Company, Farming-
ton, New Mexico. — The stationery forms are
interestingly designed and the colors are well
chosen, but the letters appear lost in the orna¬
ment. Had these been larger and placed closer
together, the effect would be much improved.

E. M. Dunbar, a magazine agent and book¬
seller of Boston, believes in good printing and
has a fondness for antique Colonial effects in
typography. All his advertising forms, as well
as his stationery, are designed along those lines
with telling effect.

William Clark, Cicero, Illinois. — The card
used as a booster for the Sears-Roebuck and

pies sent us are good examples of plain, ordi¬
nary work. Considering the character of the
work, we feel that you have done all that could
be done on them, for there are no violations of
fundamentals in their design.

Harry E. Morrison, Wyoming, Iowa. — You
do clever work. On the patriotic title-page of
menu-folder for the Davenport Restaurant an
appearance of bottom-heaviness is given on ac¬
count of the large lines being placed at the
bottom. A grouping of all the lines and the
flag at the point of vertical balance would have
made possible a more pleasing page.

Eagle Printing Company, Spray, North
Carolina. — The package-label is crowded and
overelaborate in the use of decorative schemes.
A simpler arrangement would be preferable.
The initial “ E ” does not harmonize with the
rest of the scheme, and is a blotch instead of
an embellishment. Model your work after the
simple designs shown on these pages from time
to time.

The Huntley S. Turner Press, Ayer, Massa¬
chusetts. — The Shirley cards, printed in red,
yellow and blue, are striking, as a combination

usual color arrangement, which adds materially
to the first impression. We compliment you.

O. Eugene Booth, Cherokee, Iowa. — Speci¬
mens are good, consistent in quality with your
work which we have seen before. On the inside
pages of the folder, “ Printing,” an initial
should have been used at the beginning of the
text. The heading carries the eye over to the
right side, and an initial would aid in carrying
it back to the left, and thereby aid in avoiding
possible confusion.

Medard Collette, Central Falls, Rhode Island.
— • Your work is good, and no faults of a seri¬
ous nature are appaient in any of the speci¬
mens. You apparently realize the advantages
of a simple treatment, and this will prove a
stone wall at your hack when you go out as a
journeyman. If the color had been made
slightly weaker on the Griffiths card, the ap¬
pearance would have been better ; for the con¬
flict between type and illustration would thereby
have been minimized.

Claude W. Harmony, Wichita, Kansas. —
As usual we are interested in your clever work.
‘‘A Record of Progress ” is a pleasing booklet,

212

THE INLAND PRINTER

and we regret the colors are of such nature
we can not make a satisfactory reproduction of
it. We admire the Jennings letter-head very
much indeed, but regret you saw fit to use
italic capitals for some of the lines therein.
We may be prejudiced to an extent, but can
not see anything of value in sloping capital let¬
ters, especially when in com¬
bination with upright forms.

Ed Kysela. Sapulpa, Okla¬
homa. — Your work is indeed
admirable, and we have no
fear for the quality of the
Jennings product, even with
Mr. Harmony gone. Neat
and readable typography,
simple though effective and
distinctive designs, and good
selection of colors are char¬
acteristic of your work. The
dignified letter-head arrange¬
ments are pleasing to us.

We are reproducing your
package-label, which illus¬
trates a striking and original
handling of rules.

Saul L. Gompers, New
York city. — Your work is
very good indeed. The cover-
design for the “ Forty-fifth
Great Council Session ” would
be much better had lighter
rules been used for the bor¬
der, for, as printed, too much of the design is
printed in the warm color, red-orange. The
only fault we have to find with the other speci¬
mens is that there is too much space between
words in the mass of capitals in the lower part
of the Samuel Pollack card, as also between
the words of the name at the top.

J. W. Short, an old-time contributor to this
department, but from whom little has been
received of late, is doing clever work in the
service department of The Mortimer Company,
Limited, Ottawa, Ontario. His peculiar talent
for designing printing that is both pleasing to
the esthetic eye and forceful in display — for
making type talk, in reality, rather than just
talking about it — should prove valuable to his
employers and customers of the house. A neat
package-label has been received.

Papec Machine Company, Shortsville, New
York. — We do not regard your catalogue of
ensilage cutters a good piece of work. The
cover is quite effective, and, in our opinion,
satisfactory. The presswork is poor on the
half-tone illustrations and also on the type-
matter. In the latter instance the ill effect is
emphasized by the many broken letters and the
poor alignment thereof. The indented head¬
ings printed in red do not fit the spaces left
therefor, the space below and at the ends of
the lines being at wide variance in each in¬
stance.

Weaver Printing Company, Buena Vista,
Georgia. — • Your letter-head would have been
better had the small group at the left been set
in lower-case instead of capitals. It is a mis¬
take to set large masses of matter in capitals,
for they are difficult to read. The idea of the
design is good, and it is effective. The red ink
on the yellow stock makes a little too strong a
contrast to suit this writer ; a violet tint would
have been more pleasing, just as effective and
less bold. The envelope-design is also interest¬
ing, but the same suggestions as to color would
apply there, too.

Roy L. Little, Kalida, Ohio. — While many
advertisers want the name of the product
brought out exceptionally strong, as you have
displayed the word, “ Gaspir,” we are of the
opinion that it would have been better to set
that word somewhat smaller so that the impor¬
tant words, “ Eighty per cent of engine trouble

is carbon,” could be given greater emphasis.
The sentence quoted is really the thing that
will interest owners of automobiles, to whom
the circular is addressed, and it was a mistake
to set it so much smaller than the name of the
product, which, it is claimed, eliminates car¬
bon. The name and the purpose should have

1 1

PRINTING

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isamm

FROM

JENNINGS PRINTING CO,

CLYDE M. ROBINSON EMRY JENNINGS

15 N. WATER -PHONE 38S” SAPULPA, OKLA.

TO DUPLICATE l^T _ 1" I

QUOTE ORDER IN Oo [ j

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Ed Kysela, of Sapulpa, Oklahoma, has the knack of obtaining striking effects through
simple means, as the package-label shown above proves.

been linked up in display so that the “ idea ” as
a whole would be put across.

DeLysle F. Cass, Chicago, Illinois. — The
book-plates are very pleasing in design, espe¬
cially your own. For the benefit of readers,
we will say that this particular plate is printed
from a zinc etching in one color, brown, on a
hand-made Japanese stock, mottled with mica
specks running through it.
stock and the manner of

In the use of this
printing, Mr. Cass

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Axel Edwin Sahlin, East Aurora, New York,
is a typographer who realizes the advantages of
originality, and who knows how to obtain it
with type and rules.

obviated the necessity of a more expensive cut.
The other plate is printed on India tint stock
from a half-tone of a line illustration, and it,
too, presents an interesting appearance. Mr.
Cass writes that he thinks it is one of the first
book-plates printed from a half-tone in Amer¬
ica. We are not sure, but feel that we have seen
others. The idea is worthy of
mention, nevertheless.

Dennison-McKellar Com¬
pany, Stockton, California. —
The samples sent us are of
good quality, but on the
letter-head for John T. Leon¬
ard & Sons the space between
“Atlanta ” and “ Georgia ” is
too wide. There was no need
for squaring up that group ;
the line in question could
have been left shorter and
spaced uniformly with the
others to excellent advan¬
tage.

Weldon, Williams & Lick,
Fort Smith, Arkansas. —
Clever, neat and effective are
the words which most ade¬
quately describe the charac¬
ter of the work you are
doing. It shows the good in¬
fluence of your work at the
Carnegie Institute of Tech¬
nology, where exceptionally
intelligent instruction in printing is being given.
Your own advertising is very effective.

B. R. Keefe, Norfolk, Virginia. — The Jones
card announcement could be made very nice by
simple changes. The position of the initial
breaks up the uniformity of the marginal space
and would have been better spaced if set in the
text in the conventional manner. The irregu¬
lar shape of the flag makes it advisable to cen¬
ter it optically over the type below, and not
according to the block. Being greater in extent
at the left, it is necessary to throw it slightly
to the right to maintain good horizontal bal¬
ance. Our judgment is that the furthermost
point at the right should almost reach the
blind-stamped panel on that side to be in good
balance as a whole. The flag could also be
raised to advantage.

Fred W. Whipple, Grand Junction, Iowa. —
While we admit the need of a little stronger
display than you gave the band tournament
advertisement, we are equally frank to admit
that the manner in which it was given, as
reset, left the original the better. As it ran in
the paper, the advertisement is really what is
termed a “ sloppy ” piece of work. Trouble
was started in the original by trying to get
away from a symmetrical form. This handi¬
capped you in the proper display and arrange¬
ment of the copy. Distribution of white space
is therefore bad in both examples, which has
its effect in making them displeasing in appear¬
ance. We are holding these in the hope that
we may be able to show a rearrangement along
the lines suggested, in a later issue.

Detroit Record, Detroit, Minnesota. — The
patriotic poem, “ Minnesota to Berlin,” is ap¬
propriately printed. Because of the great
variation in the length of the lines of the poem,
placing the poem in a position where the space
between the border and the ends of the longest
line was equal on both sides throws the poem
as a whole too far to the left side, where it
is overbalanced. In placing poems — and all
groups of type where the lines are of varying
length — on a page, they should be positioned
so that the white space will be equal on both
sides as a whole. This means that the longest
line must be nearer the border on its side than
all the lines at the beginning to the border on
their side. An irregular group, or a poem,

THE INLAND PRINTER

213

must be centered horizontally from an optical
rather than from a mechanical standpoint.

J. R. Haworth, Huntington, West Virginia.
— Odd is a good word to describe the letter-head
for Charles George, and yet we must admit
that it hits one plump between the eyes. As
a “ sit-up-and-take-notice-er ” it is, to use a
slang expression, “ there with bells on." Less
space between words
of the main display
line would make it
better ; or is it Charles
and George instead of
plain Charles George?

If two men, Charles
and George, make up
the firm, a spot of
decoration between
the two would ob¬
viate confusion and
fill the gap. Your
own letter-head would
be better if buffi had
been used instead of
yellow for the illus¬
trations in the center
of the sheet, over
which typewriting is
done. The change is
suggested not only to
obtain a more pleas¬
ing color, but one in
which the legends to
the illustrations would
be more easily read.

The J. W. Butler
Paper Company, Chi¬
cago, has recently issued a handsome new
specimen book showing the various colors and
weights of the famous Brother Jonathan bond.
It is quite unique in design, as will be seen
from the half-tone reproduction of the
title appearing on this page. It was orig¬
inally printed in several delicate colors.

The Williams Printing Company,
Rocky Mount, North Carolina. — - The blot¬
ters are a little complex, due to the use
of so many rules in their design. Simpler
arrangements are preferable. Owing to
the impossibility of making rules join, the
appearance of the printing demands a
minimum use of them. The more rules,
the more unsightly breaks ; therefore, do
not use them unless absolutely necessary,
and they are not essential as often as one
is inclined to think. The handling of the
initial letter on the blotter, “ The other
thing money can not buy,” is not pleas¬
ing, regardless of who uses initials that
way. Furthermore, periods, colons, etc.,
placed at the end of the last short line of a
squared group, do not adequately square
up that group. This is true because the
appearance of the points is so unlike that
of letters, and also because they do not
cover as much space on the paper.

J. F. Widman & Sons, McGregor, Iowa.

• — - Specimens of your work are always
neat, and, in addition, are forcefully dis¬
played. There is so little contrast between
the black and the dark blue inks used for
printing the blotter, “ No extra charge
for our thirty-nine years’ experience,”
that one color — - blue or black — might
have been used. A blue can be so dark
that when used on type of fine lines,
where little light is reflected, it will ap¬
pear black, and, we dare say, had the blue
used for the two lines in italic been used
for all the design, nine out of ten would,
at first glance, call it black. Cold colors,
to be used with black to good effect,
should be lightened with white, making
them tints. There's a little too much rule

and border work on the package-label, and, in
so far as practical results in filling out the
address line are concerned, they might just as
well have been eliminated.

Arthur Gruver, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. —
Specimens of your work are ordinarily good,
but we can not see how one so talented could
reconcile himself to the displeasing margins at

the main line crowds the border at the top ;
although balance is not bad, it is not perfect. The
fault could have been overcome in several ways.
One way would be to select capitals for the
main display line so that the group could have
been lowered to obtain the best effect from the
standpoints of margins and balance combined.
Improvement could also be made by grouping
all the lines in one

From
The Reck
Engraving

Company

For

! 610 Sansom Street
Philadelphia

A bold and effective package-label that functions well as an advertisement and serves its
utilitarian purpose at the same time.

top and sides of the upper group on the title-
page of the Droitcour recital program. In addi¬
tion to the wide dispai-ity in margins, an effect
of top-heaviness is given because of the way

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Cover-design of a specimen brochure sent out by the J. W.
Butler Paper Company, Chicago. The original was printed
with telling effect in a number of soft and harmonious tints.

mass, placed at the
point of vertical bal¬
ance. Poor balance
will not be sensed by
the average person as
quickly as wide varia¬
tions in comparative
margins.

William Edwin
Rudge, of New York
city, advertises h i s
plant by sending out
from time to time
handsome bits of
printing, which, be¬
cause of their timely
interest, their me¬
chanical and artistic
excellence, and be¬
cause he places no
advertising thereon,
are worthy of being
preserved and remem¬
bered by the recip¬
ients. Some time ago
he sent out a little
book, beautifully ex¬
ecuted, containing the
United States Constitution. More recently he
has mailed a large wall-card, suitable for fram¬
ing, on which a four-color print is tipped,
showing a French maiden standing on the sea¬
shore waving the tricolor, presumably to-
— | ward America. Below, in large type, the

poem, “ The Road to France,” is printed.
A border in gold surrounds type and illus¬
tration. We venture the assertion that
many of these have been framed and are
hanging in offices throughout the country,
and we also feel sure that the printer
who sent it out has not been forgotten.

John A. Duyser, Winsted, Connecticut.
— None of the three letter-heads strike
the writer as being of exceptional merit,
the only one we would consider using be¬
ing the one in which the main line is set
in a condensed text. The one on which
your letter was written is simple in ar¬
rangement, and naturally harmonious, be¬
cause only one face of type was used in
its composition, but, oh, that one face —
it’s a “ scream ” 1 Livermore should have
“ died ” long ago. In the one of our
choice, harmony is not so good, the ex¬
tended Copperplate Gothic lines having
nothing in common as to shape and design
with the condensed text, but the arrange¬
ment is satisfactory. The date line here is
too large. On the paneled design, the
same faults of harmony, lack of similar¬
ity of design, if not shape, and a bulky,
crowded effect, cause it to appear dis¬
pleasing. You must watch yourself in
your tendency to use too large sizes of
type. Ordinarily, there is so small an
amount of copy on a letter-head and such
a goodly supply of white space, that
small types have all the desired promi¬
nence.

F. L. Harness, Montrose, Colorado. —
The fact that some customers ask you to
duplicate inferior work, characterized by
bizarre, decorative rule treatments, is no
justification for that kind of work. If
many printers do not know the essentials

214

THE INLAND PRINTER

of good work, how on earth can hardware men
and moving-picture theater managers be ex¬
pected to know ? It seems as if the non-printer
blessed with a certain degree of good taste
would rebel against such printing — but then

were all symmetrically arranged, giving uni¬
form distribution of white space on both sides.

Clarence J. Dahl, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
— We consider your work of exceptional merit
and can find no fault with it. Cloister and Cas-

D. E. Remsen, Rockford, Illinois. — Press-
work is exceptionally good on all the specimens
sent us. Both half-tones and type show up well.
Typography, while not bad, could be improved
upon, especially by setting type in proper meas-

“ Humanity First, America Jdjadmg ’ ’

The Rational Patriot

Carl J. H. Anderson, Amherst, Ohio, has been doing some clever work of late, an example of which is reproduced above. The letter-head was

originally printed in brown and black on buff stock.

all are not blessed with good taste. Your own
work is especially good, neat in appearance,
readable and so displayed as to prove effective
advertising. The words in italic, “ There's a
reason,” on your January blotter, are a little
weak for printing in orange. Orange, red and
yellow offer a strong contrast with black, but
are weaker than black from the standpoint of
tone, and, for that reason, lines to be printed
in those colors should be bolder than lines of
equal size printed in black, blue, green, or any
color that is strong in tone. Colors are well
chosen. If your class of work does not “ take ”
in Montrose, our opinion is that the buyers of
printing there do not know good work when
they see it. A blunt statement, perhaps, but
true, nevertheless.

Carl J. H. Anderson, Amherst, Ohio. —
Specimens of your work continue to interest
us ; the distinctive treatment given the unique
typography by exceptionally good paper causes
them to stand out in any company. A letter¬
head is reproduced.

G. H. Deeking, Baltimore, Maryland. — While
we have never admired the Bradley type-face,
the way it is handled in the card for the Sun,
and its harmony with the ornament, is good.
By the way, does the ornament possess rela¬
tionship with the trade-mark or coat-of-ai'ms
of the house? If not, we should not have used
it, for it is neither pleasing nor appropriate in
a general sense to the printing business. The
central group should have been raised slightly
in the interest of proportion and balance. The
equality of space above and below this group
is in violation of the fundamen¬
tal principle of proportion, which
means pleasing variety as against
monotonous equality. The main
weight in a design should be to¬
ward the top, if balance is to be
good, whereas, in the card in
question, the influence — if either 1
way — is toward the bottom.

The same fault is apparent in
the central group of the card
set in Cheltenham, and on which
the large paragraph mark is
used. The printed card set in .

Camelot is the best of the lot.

On the card, “ Printing, the very
best,’ you will note that the main
line crowds the border at the
left in relation to the larger
amount of white space above.

Personally, we would prefer an
arrangement wherein the lines

Ion Old Style are handled by you in a way to
give the beauty of the letters full expression.
Your work is a mighty argument for simplicity
of arrangement and simple, readable and at¬
tractive type characters. A label is reproduced.

Typographic

designs

from

Clarence J. ‘Dahl ^

345 c Atwood Street
Pittsburgh, ^Pa .

A label by the clever typographer whose name
appears thereon.

ESKEW
I O B
PRINT

William Eskew

PORTS

MOUTH

OHIO

William Eskew, Portsmouth, Ohio, has gotten up a new line of stationery, the
style of all items being consistent with the card reproduced above.

ure to fit the spaces occupied. Examples of
this point which should serve to direct your
attention to others are found on several pages
of the booklet for the Berry System of Venti¬
lation, where the type was set in too wide a
measure, the marginal space between type and
border at the sides being cramped, whereas
there is considerable at top and bottom. Had
the type been set in narrower measure, the
margins could have been made more nearly uni¬
form all around. On the mailing-folder for the
Strickler Hay Tool Company, “A Hay Tool
That Does Help Sales of Other Implements,”
the large gap of space below the opening group
on the side starting, “ Strickler equipped is
surely equipped,” suggests that the small type
below could have been spaced out to advantage.
The acorn ornament on the title of the folder
for the Acme Furniture Company is not of
pleasing shape, and, in addition, is plaeed in
the exact center of the space between the two
groups. This is in direct violation of the prin¬
ciple of proportion which teaches us to break
up spaces with a view to pleasing variation
rather than monotonous equality.

Eskew Job Print, Portsmouth, Ohio. — -Your
latest stationery is quite unique, wholly differ¬
ent from anything we have heretofore seen.
Despite what many may have to say about its
utter disregard for conventionality, we must ad¬
mit that it has considerable attention-value.
The business card is reproduced on this page.

When the general manager of a large
printing-plant such as The Ruralist Press, O.
Blodgett, takes enough interest in the progress
of an apprentice that he sends
a sample of the lad’s work for
mention in one of the trade jour¬
nals, it is scarcely to be doubted
that the lad himself will be am¬
bitious. Such environment is not
as frequent as it should be, and
Forest Clark, the apprentice in
question, is evidently determined
to make the most of it. The
sample referred to is a cover-
design which the apprentice de¬
signed and set during his spare
moments — we understand he
spends all his spare time endeav¬
oring to develop by setting
displaywork — - and in spite of
the fact that Forest has been at
the trade only six months, he has
in this particular instance done
especially well. There are really
no serious faults of design in it

THE INLAND PRINTER

215

4*-

fkr

— it may lack class, and
some minor changes would
make for improvement, but
in our opportunity to look
over hundreds of specimens
each month, we have seen
many catalogues put out
with less presentable cov¬
ers. We want to supple¬
ment the encouragement he
is given in the plant by our
opinion that he possesses
the ability ; the only con¬
siderations necessary for
his further progress being
practice, close attention to
business and to the other
workmen, study and a
straight course.

Down in New Orleans
the Robert H. True Com¬
pany, Limited, furnishes
buyers of printing with as
good a product as can be
secured any place. In
typography, selection of
stock, harmony of colors
and presswork, the print¬
ing coming from that well-
known plant leaves nothing
to be desired. Probably
the most interesting speci¬
mens in the last collection received by The
Inland Printer are the little wall-cards issued
as advertising by Mr. True, on which short,
pertinent epigrams are printed. These are not
the ordinary stock epigrams, which, however
good, have been used so long as to become com¬
monplace, but original thoughts penned by Mr.
True himself. The talent for putting so much
truth in few words is not possessed by many
to the degree that Mr. True is endowed. A
folder is reproduced, representative in quality
of many in the collection, for the especial rea¬
son that as the holiday season approaches it
may suggest possibilities for business to other
printers.

George A. McCartney, Munising, Michigan.

— The Military Ball window-card is subject to
improvement in several ways. First, so many
type-faces in one piece of work, of several
shapes and styles, make it impossible for such
a design to score either from the standpoint
of appearance or advertising effectiveness.
One of the first laws of successful advertising
is to make the appeal inviting to the reader.
How can an appeal prove inviting when it is
inharmonious and displeasing? This particular
design could have been other¬
wise improved by raising the

illustration of the flag until
the topmost point would be
within a pica of the top
edge of the card, thus en¬
abling you to increase the
depth of the border and to
secure a top margin equiva¬
lent to the side and bottom
margins. The result of this
would not only be more
pleasing because of uniform
margins, but would give you
better balance. The extraor¬
dinarily large margin at the
top makes the whole design
appear bottom-heavy. Where
three sides of a design are
square and even, and one
runs to a point — very little
of extent being at the out¬
side limit — such limit may be run closer to
the border, the edge of the card or whatever
boundary there may be, than the uniform and
regular sides. With a deeper border, the lines

GIFT SUGGESTIONS

FOR HIM

~fS&4

- a

A Knox Hat
Full Dress Scarfs
Golf Sweaters
Dress or Street Vests
Smoking Jackets
Lounging Robes
Kid Gloves
Silk Neckwear
Silk Shirts
Pajamas

A Suit of Cloth.es
An Overcoat
Handkerchiefs
Umbrellas
Walking Canes
Silk Hosiery
Smoking Sets ■
Leather Traveling Sets
House Slippers
Poker Sets

Do your Christmas
buying earlp

FOR BOTH
The Entire Mark Cross Line

NEW ORLEANS

FOR HER

Writing Desks
Card Cases
Bridge Prizes
Fitted Hand Bags
Toilet Sets
Jewel Cases
Shopping Bags
Slip-on Coats
Mark Cross Gloves
Manicure Sets
Cross Sewing Basket;
Writing Portfolios
Leather Traveling Sets
Norfolk Tennis Sweaters
Automobile Robes
Automobile Hats
Terry Pajama Sets
Golf Coats
Bath Sets
Desk Clocks

Do your Christmas
buying earl>?

A Successful Christmas
for Less Mone^

A Suggestion
for Mr—

Now that the holiday season is approaching, ideas that help the printer get
business are valuable. These little folders, by the Robert H. True Company, New
Orleans, Louisiana, besides being excellent examples of printing, can be adapted
profitably by printers everywhere. Try an “ idea ” on your customers, just for luck.

could have been spread out more, thus per¬
mitting better proportion in the spacing as
well as more white space to enable the lines,
all large, to stand out to better advantage. We

note also that you have
printed a weak outline let¬
ter in the weaker color, and
it is, therefore, practically
lost. Most pleasing results
are obtained when warm
colors, such as red, are used
in small areas — say, one-
fifth of the designs. On
posters and like work,
where artistic excellence is
not the most important
consideration, the propor¬
tion of the warm color may
be increased. Read F. L.
Harness' review.

Glenn A. Whipple, Ply¬
mouth, Indiana. — Except
for a few minor faults,
your work is good. We
suggest that you avoid the
use of script on advertising
announcements and general
commercial work. Script is
satisfactory only on soci¬
ety printing — ladies’ cards,
wedding announcements,
etc. It is not as easily
read as roman, and on ad¬
vertising matter readability
is of prime consideration.
Remember, it is not a ques¬
tion, “ Can it be read ? ” There is a great
difference between possibility of reading and
reading with ease. Where the reader must
make an effort to read, he does not read with
comprehension. When script is used it should
be used absolutely alone — no other style of
letter harmonizes with it. In the case in point,
which you will recognize, there was some ex¬
cuse, for the reason that the circular was
designed to advertise birth and wedding an¬
nouncements. We would, however, prefer to
see the argumentative text printed from roman
type and samples of your script imprinted
thereon for selection and to show what type¬
faces you have for appropriate handling of
that class of work. Why the rule at the bottom
of the acknowledgment slip ? Had the italic
lines been rearranged on one line and the ad¬
dress also set on one line, the two lines cen¬
tered under the name of the plant, without the
red line below, the effect would have been much
more pleasing. On this same blotter we notice
that a single short word is carried over to the
last line of the central group, and that you
have placed a colon at either end to “ fill the
space.” Do the colons fill the space? We think
not. They are needless and
displeasing factors which
should not be used. Better
by far bring another word
down from the next to last
line to make the last line
longer, winding the group
up in a pleasing pyramid — -
or to rearrange the entire
group with a view to avoid¬
ing such a bad break — than
to obtain the bad effect of
such a short line, which sug¬
gests doing something that
does not accomplish that for
which it was intended.
Frankly, however, you show
considerable natural taste,
which only needs develop¬
ment by study of principles
of design, harmony, etc., on
which good books can be ob¬
tained. Numerous articles on these subjects
are printed in The Inland Printer from time
to time. Study the designs reproduced herein
and model your own after them.

216
+ — ..

THE INLAND PRINTER

-trtjo

the form in use by the largest department store of London, England.

Art in check and draft design —

B. W. Radcliffe, Macon, Georgia. — While
we can not suggest improvement on your work
— it is as good as can be done, and in this
day that is saying much — we are always glad
to receive specimens, for among them we find
valuable suggestions to offer other readers of
this department. The large package of letter¬
head samples — for which you have prepared
a portfolio, and which you send out as adver¬
tising — is sui-e to influence all buyers who are
blessed with a sufficient degree of taste to
know good work. The patriotic printing is
indeed clever, and you have properly dressed
it in the national colors. One of these, a typo¬
graphic poster-stamp, is reproduced.

The A. M. Collins Manufacturing Com¬
pany, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, specializes in
the manufacture of fine cardboards for printers
and lithographers. Upon the request of the edi¬
tor of this department, W. W. N. Righter, ad¬
vertising manager of the company, forwarded
The Inland Printer various advertising forms
used by the firm in its direct-by-mail propa¬
ganda during the past two years. In this cam¬
paign the company has used cardboard of its
own manufacture almost exclusively and in it
has put the product to every test possible. The
excellent surface and printing qualities are
demonstrated by the way four-color process
plates print thereon, one such example, entitled
“ The Poisoned Pool,” reproduced from The
American Magazine, and printed on Ultrafine
Translucent, being especially handsome. Some
excellent embossing is also done on this particu¬
lar example. Lovers of art and fine printing
— - printers, of course — should write for the
folder containing this example. Another nota¬
ble piece in the campaign is a six-page folder
carrying information on the creasing and fold¬
ing of cardboard. It is really surprising how
few printers are familiar with the proper

method of obtaining a perfect crease on coated
cardboard, but in text and illustration this
folder plainly shows how. It should be in every
printing-plant. Other samples are gotten up in
form which could be adapted to a variety of
advertising uses, and as a consequence present
valuable suggestions to printers for the prepa-

A poster-stamp designed entirely from type¬
founders' material. By B. W. Radcliffe, Macon,
Georgia. Original was printed in red, blue and
green on white stock, the type being in green.

ration of their own and customers’ advertising
forms. The copy is excellent and the printing
is beyond reproach.

Phillips & Van Brunt Company, New
York city. — You have reason to feel proud of
the shoe catalogue which you printed for the
W. D. Hannah Shoe Company, which was de¬
signed by W. M. Anderson, advertising manager
of that company. We are particularly pleased
with the first impression, an interesting and
striking cover effect. As the idea holds much of
suggestion to others, we will detail the dominant
characteristics thereof : The units of the design
are a border, a spider’s web extending over the
page to the four sides of that border, the title
— •“ The Hannah Shoe ” — and an illustration of
a young lady dressed in polka-dot festival attire,
short of necessity in order that hose and pumps
might be prominent. The border, spider’s web
and the insides of the letters were printed in
gold. The half-tone illustration and the out¬
lines of the letters were printed in black. Over
the entire cover, with the exception of the
space covered by the illustration, a solid plate
was printed in red. This made it appear in
effect that red stock was used, and the illustra¬
tion showing in black and white caused it to
stand out with considerable prominence. Bound
over the cover, and folded in at the front ends,
a cobweb-pattern tissue enhanced the effect.
The cover is surely striking — ■ the first impres¬
sion effective - — and those printers who are on
the lookout for something novel can obtain it
by the means described, provided we have made
it clear. If we have failed in that, try to get a
copy of the catalogue. The inside pages are
nicely designed and presswork throughout is
excellent, but we do not admire the rather
heavy border printed in gold. The page treat¬
ment is otherwise so delicate and pleasing that
the overlarge border seems to clash therewith.

FREDERIC W GOUDY AND
THE MARCHBANKS PRESS

NYONE who has to do with the
design and arrangement of type
is familiar with the work of Mr.
Goudy. He is recognised as one
of the foremost designers of type
faces, decorations and initial letters in America.
Besides the designing of type and ornaments he
has the taste to arrange them for the printed
page. Wherever the proper design and arrange'
ment of type is appreciated his work is consid'
ered as a standard.

Now Mr. Goudy has joined our organisation
and we both feel that better work under better
conditions can be done. An organisation can
handle the many details of a piece of printing

Harmonious type and decoration ; the first page of a handsome folder by the Marchbanks
Press, New York city. Original printed in black and red-orange on white hand'made stock.

Interesting program-title by Howard Van Stiver,
with Eugene L. Graves, Inc., Norfolk, Virginia.

THE INLAND PRINTER

217

WHICH IS BETTER? HERE’S WHY

Result of Criticism Contest

HE novel “Which Is Better?
Why? ” contest, announced
in the September issue of
The Inland Printer,
while not as successful
from the standpoint of
the number of contestants
as our typographic con¬
tests have proved, was a success nevertheless,
and, considering the many fine letters re¬
ceived, and the good points brought out in
them, we are thoroughly satisfied. Perhaps
the reasorj for the small number of contes¬
tants is to be found in the fact that many
printers, who are not backward about putting
their efforts in typographic design to the fore,
are fearful of their ability to tell in writing
how they think printing ought to be done.
Nevertheless, thirty-eight readers of this de¬
partment screwed up their
courage to the point of try¬
ing, and, once at that point,
gave a good account of
themselves. They may feel
proud of their efforts.

In a general sense, what
we wanted was an expres¬
sion of opinion on the rela¬
tive merits of the bold and
the more reserved, and dig¬
nified, treatments as applied
to the booklet-cover.

The original setting (No.

1), and the rearrangement
by Edwin H. Stuart, Pitts¬
burgh, Pennsylvania (No.

2, reproduced on the fol¬
lowing page), are examples
of the two styles. If the
evidence uncovered by our
thirty-eight contributors is
expressive of a general
opinion on the subject, then
a dignified treatment is
preferable on work of that
character. Thirty-two writ¬
ers of letters preferred No.

2, whereas only six voiced
preference for No. 1. On
that evidence, Mr. Stuart
seems justified in consider¬
ing, as he did, that his de¬
sign is superior to the copy
from which he worked.

Cleveland, Ohio;

National
Association
of Sheet and
Tin Plate
Manufacturers

Pittsburgh, Penna.

Oliver Building

Contract Pamphlet

..St

“Purchase and sales con¬
tracts, to be valid, must
obligate seller and buyer
mutually."

No. 1. — The original

Favoring No. 1. — Carl G. Killion, Mason
City, Iowa; D. J. Lester, Pittsburgh, Pa.;
Chester A. Lysle, Allentown, Pa.; W. H.
Towner, Bellingham, Wash.; C. M. Hecker,
Salt Lake City, Utah ; Thomas J. Malloy,
Cleveland, Ohio.

Favoring No. 2. — H. A. Fletcher, Edmonton,
Alberta; George Peterson, Milwaukee, Wis. ;
Charles Kadlec, Chicago, Ill.; Charles W.
Loughead, Akron, Ohio; James J. Cavanaugh,
Cambridge, Mass.; Sinclair G. Trimble, San
Francisco, Cal.; A. J. Read, Toronto, Ont. ;
W. F. Doyle, Faribault, Minn.; F. M. Kofron,
Chicago, Ill.; David Steuerman, Brooklyn,
N. Y. ; Eugene J. Vacco, Pittsburgh, Pa.;
George H. Johnson, Boston, Mass.; Ernest E.
Adams, Montreal, Quebec; Lester F. Van
Allen, Fond du Lac, Wis.; George Bilski,
Samuel A. Bartels, New
York city; J. Glenn Hol¬
man, Champaign, Ill.; F.
Beck, St. Louis, Mo.; Fred
J. Levesque, Lockport, N. Y. ;
R. W. Haylett, Detroit,
Mich.; W. A. Ackerman,
Fond du Lac, Wis.; John

E. Mansfield, Hawthorne,
N. Y. ; Russell H. Peter¬
son, Appleton, Wis.; Nellie
M. Garwood, Seattle, Wash. ;
Arthur C. Gruver, Pitts¬
burgh, Pa.; Leo K. Wil¬
liams, Omaha, Neb.; Edwin
H. Stuart, Pittsburgh, Pa. ;
Clarence Wilson, Lancaster,
Pa.; Roy McKay, Reedley,
Cal.; Margaret Towner,
Bellingham, Wash.; Clinton

F. Reasner, Philadelphia,
Pa.; Roy T. Compton,
Wyckoff, N. J.

In the contest we also se¬
cured a comprehensive ana¬
lytical criticism of the two
designs. In addition to
expressing a decided pref¬
erence, the letters prove
beyond doubt that the more
reserved treatment is also
the better design, based on
principles and rules which
govern good typography.
This suggests, of course,
that if the bolder treatment

THE INLAND PRINTER

were also better designed the result might not
have been so one-sided. Inversely, if the bolder
treatment were also the better in design it
would probably receive the preference. Most
of the writers, however, expressed a prefer¬
ence for the dignified form for that reason in
itself, hence our assumption that such style
is preferable in spite of the other considera¬
tions which influenced the
writers. All in all, how¬
ever, the opinions of our
contributors offer an inter¬
esting study in typography,
and should prove instruc¬
tive and inspirational to all
readers.

Samuel A. Bartels, New
York city, is awarded the
subscription prize, his ex¬
cellent and comprehensive
letter being given in full
herewith :

Which Is the Better? The page
set in Caslon Old Style and Caslon
italic.

Why? For various reasons,
which may be enumerated in the
following manner, the principles
governing correct typography be¬
ing invoked to govern the criti¬
cism.

Comprehension: The upper

group of No. 1 is set too large to
permit of the proper breaking up
of lines. In the resetting, the gist
of the phrase is placed on one line
[Sheet and Tin Plate], thereby
simplifying comprehension. Also,
while in the resetting this phrase
occupies the same number of lines
(five), the fact that a smaller size
of type was used allowed of a more
compact mass, admitting of a
quicker grasp of its content.

Legibility: In No. 2, the type
is easy to read, because it is all
printed in black. In No. 1, the
sentence printed in red at the bot¬
tom is illegible, our eyes not being
accustomed to reading text printed
in a bright color.

Display: Emphasis is placed where it belongs in the old-
style page, effected by a pleasing contrast in sizes, and the
use of italic for “ Contract Pamphlet No. 2 ” gives suffi¬
cient distinction to this the title of the booklet. The pur¬
chase and sales sentence is apparently important, and the
designer of No. 1 accordingly printed it in red. Undue
emphasis is thereby centered at the bottom of the page.
(When but one spot of color is used on a title-page or
cover, it should be near the top or slightly above the center. )
By printing this sentence in black it is made more legible,
and attention is directed to it by starting it with an initial.

Contour: In No. 1, upper group, there is not sufficient
difference in length of lines to give a pleasing contour to
the type-block. The rearrangement improves the outline
of this group, giving a definite shape thereto. Incorporat¬
ing the location into this group throws the two longest

lines [Sheet and Tin Plate, and Manufacturers] where they
properly belong — above the center of the group.

Proportion : There is not that pleasing inequality be¬

tween the two main groups in No. 1 which is so much to
be desired. This is because the upper lines are set in too
large a size, which is also responsible for the word “ Manu¬
facturers ” having to be set a size smaller than the rest of
the phrase of which it is a part.

Decoration: In No. 1, the lower ornament is superfluous
— it detracts from the words, directly above, “ Contract
Pamphlet.” While the border (in
black) can not be said to be too
heavy for the bold type-face used,
it nevertheless dominates by its
color mass. In No. 2, the position
of the ornament, in color, is ideal ;
besides, it helps to focus attention
on the main lines. The border is
of sufficient density of color to
blend with the type-matter, and
serves with the ornament to give
just enough embellishment to the
printed page.

Charles M. Hecker, Salt
Lake City, Utah, sent in
the strongest letter in sup¬
port of No. 1. Although
he made some very good
points, he made others sub¬
ject to considerable argu¬
ment, and still others quite
wrong. He writes: “No.
2 is not spaced correctly.
The side margins are about
five points on the full lines,
while the top margin is
about twenty-four points
and the bottom margin
eighteen points.” In other
words, Mr. Hecker does not
like to see the two long lines
of the main group in No. 2
so close to the border as
compared to the top mar¬
ginal space. He forgets
that the short lines of the
group demand consideration
in the apportionment of
white space at the top, that
the distribution should be
with regard to the mass as a whole. Balance,
too, must be considered. Charles W. Loughead,
Akron, Ohio, contradicts Mr. Hecker quite

effectively in this particular. Here is what he
writes: “While one line of the main group
of No. 2 is quite long, the other lines are short
enough to show considerable white space be¬
tween their ends and the border, and the long-
dimension of the group runs the long way of
the page.”

The editor of this department does not see
any objection to the blank space above the

lower group in No. 2, to which Mr. Hecker

VOTED THE BETTER

NATIONAL

ASSOCIATION

SHEET 8^ TIN PLATE
MANUFACTURERS

OLIVER BUILDING
PITTSBURGH
PENNA

Contract Pamphlet

No. 2

Purchase and sales contracts
to be valid, must obligate
seller and buyer mutually.”

No. 2. — The resetting.

THE INLAND PRINTER

219

refers as follows : “ The great blank space

between the middle line and the bottom lines
is not relieved by any ornamentation, a thing
to be overcome in some simple fashion.” As
a matter of fact, the two italic lines break up
the space between top and bottom groups very
nicely. Edwin H. Stuart replies to Mr. Hecker
in this respect with “ The two spots (referring
to No. 1) have no mission to perform except
as space-fillers.”

The champion of No. 1 also writes: “ Two
periods appear in this example (No. 2), one
after the abbreviation, ‘ No. 1,’ and one at
the end, after ‘ mutually.’ The abbreviation
‘ Penna.,’ is printed without a period from a
mistaken notion that it is art printing. No
objection could be raised to this bit of artis¬
try if the period were omitted after ‘ No.’ ”
Mr. Hecker forgets that the abbreviation,
“ Penna.,” occupies a line by itself and is per¬
fectly clear as to meaning, whereas the period
after “ No.” comes virtually in the middle of
a line, where meaning without it might not at
first glance be clear, and the last mentioned
period comes at the end of a quoted paragraph.
The fact is, periods should invariably follow
abbreviations, wherever they may appear.
Clarence Wilson, Lancaster, Pennsylvania,
calls attention to the fact that the correct
abbreviation is “ Pa.” — therefore, in this re¬
spect, both designers have erred. The point
raised is irrelevant, however, in a considera¬
tion of the typography and design of the two
specimens.

In referring to the use of the “ short and ”
in No. 1, Mr. Hecker writes as follows: “ The
use of the ‘ short and ’ is compelled because
of the all capitals chosen — an artistic use of
the character which is never made except
where the compositor has made a bad break
or the designer has done equally bad in choos¬
ing type not suited to the job.”

Many correspondents pointed out as a glar¬
ing fault the setting of “ Manufacturers,” a
part of the title, in smaller type than used for
the other words of the title. None of the cham¬
pions of No. 1 mentioned this, but the most of
them emphasized the point that lower-case is
more easily read than capitals, which is true,
all other things being equal — which they are
not in this case. The crowded effect, due to the
overlarge sizes of type used in No. 1 — and the
poor arrangement of the lines (pointed out by
Mr. Bartels) — nullifies the advantages of the
lower-case letters.

In his prize-winning letter, Mr. Bartels re¬
fers to the more pleasing contour of the main
group of No. 2 over that of No. 1, and Mr.
Stuart calls attention to the fact that he has

given it a definite shape, thus: “ The original
has about as much shape harmony as a hippo¬
potamus (bulky contour) . The resetting shows
a pex-fect diamond at the top, and the spot of
color accentuates this effect.”

Many of those who expressed preference for
No. 2 were influenced in their opinion by the
poor use of color in No. 1. It remained for
Roy M. McKay, Reedley, California, to give
the most constructive and complete analysis on
this point. It follows: “ The main point
against No. 1 is the wrong use of the second
color. Red, to be effective on type, must em¬
phasize it, and this it can not do unless the
type used is stronger than that printed in
black.” He here recognizes the fact that red,
while offering a strong contrast to black, is
relatively weak in tone. “ If the idea in print¬
ing the last group in No. 1 in red was to bring
it especially to the reader’s attention, the pur¬
pose is more pleasingly and effectively accom¬
plished in No. 2 by the use of the initial ; in
fact, the last group in No. 2 is really more
prominent than the last group in No. 1.” A
good point, well expressed; and Mr. McKay
was not the only writer who saw the advan¬
tage of the initial in directing attention to the
group.

Ernest E. Adams, Montreal, Quebec, adds
valuable criticism on the use of color in the
two designs, and also shows how No. 1 is
thrown out of balance by the position of the
color: “ In No. 1, the small type in orange
is not only hard to read on account of its light¬
ness in tone, but it has lessened the weight
necessary to properly balance with the heavy
group at the top of the page. In No. 2, we
have a more uniform distribution of color, and
in such proportion as to be in relief when com¬
pared with the type-matter. The border and
ornament in light color has forced the text-
matter into pi'ominence, and the eye reads with
less effort.”

W. H. Towner, Bellingham, Washington, a
defender of No. 1, is quoted on this point to
show how “ the other side ” looks with favor
on the color-use in that design. “ By using the
red only for emphasizing the clause at the bot¬
tom, the compositor has brought out what, no
doubt, was desired by the customer and at the
same time given plenty of color to the page.
In No. 2, the use of the initial and small capi¬
tals tends to detract from the purpose of the
paragraph.” Messrs. Adams, McKay, and
others quoted, have the best of this argument
— Mr. Towner is in error.

Though expressing preference for No. 2,
W. A. Ackermann, Fond du Lac, Wisconsin,
would improve it as follows: “ I believe it

220

THE INLAND PRINTER

could be improved upon if the style of type
used were condensed, thereby harmonizing bet¬
ter with the narrow page and permitting the
use of larger type. The design as printed ap¬
pears a trifle too delicate for the character of
the work. As the designs are printed, how¬
ever, I prefer the size and style of type used
in No. 2. The address in No. 2 is not given
enough prominence, and would be improved by
resetting it a trifle larger.” To make the last-
mentioned change would interfere, however,
with Mr. Stuart’s “ perfect diamond.”

Fred J. Levesque, Lockport, New York,
makes the good point that the type in No. 1
is too large in proportion to the page, whereas
in No. 2 it is just about right.

J. Glenn Holman, Champaign, Illinois,
writes: “ Does not the quiet dignity of the
old-style capitals far outweigh the boldness of
the heavy lower-case? This message must not
be shouted at the reader.”

In an especially interesting letter, Sinclair
G. Trimble, San Francisco, California, adds
to Mr. Adams’ points on balance, as follows:
“ Next in consideration is distribution of mass
and color. A real typographer must distribute
them as scientifically as a Grecian sculptor
would his figures in a frieze. The ratio of the
weights of the component parts in No. 1 is
poor. There is too great a preponderance at
the top. No. 2 more nearly approximates the
typographic ideal. In color distribution No. 1
is abominable, as the red is all at the extreme
bottom. No. 2 is excellent, as it is evenly dis¬
tributed. The light-red border and ornament
not only enhance the beauty of the page by
their own merit, but serve to ‘ set off ’ the
rest as well.”

The effect of congestion due to the use of
overlarge type in No. 1 was decried by almost
every one of the thirty-two who preferred No.
2. After mentioning this fact, Clinton F.
Reasner, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, states
that in the border he sees a factor that makes

congestion worse: “ There is also too much
rule border for readability and pleasing ap¬
pearance, which also serves to confuse the eye
and attract it from the subject.”

Many made the good suggestion that the in¬
side rule in No. 1 be omitted to allow for more
white space between type and border in order
that the design might appear less crowded.
Russell H. Peterson, Appleton, Wisconsin,
wrote sage advice along this particular line
when he put down : “ The compositor of the

first design seemed to have the idea that
strength of type alone gives prominence, and
gave no thought to white space, but used as
large a type-face as could be confined within
the border. The result is that the heading
presents a crowded appearance and is not
pleasing to the eye, as the eye becomes over¬
taxed because of the lack of contrast.”

John E. Mansfield, Hawthorne, New York,
in commenting on the effect of congestion in
No. 1, writes: “ The italic * of ’ and ‘ and ’ in
the third line seem to irritate and cause dis¬
order in reading.” In reality, these two words
are emphasized above all else in the design, for
what reason we can not fathom.

The handling of the name of the city and
the building was commented upon by several.
Some insisted that the building should come
first, others that the city should be in larger
type, etc., but that point is of little conse¬
quence. Whatever manner of arrangement of
these units fits in with the general design to
best advantage is satisfactory.

Those favoring No. 1 found in the bold treat¬
ment appropriate repi’esentation of the char¬
acter of the business, which is worthy of
consideration, if not slavish adherence; but
in this particular instance faults so far out¬
weigh the possible good point that its effect
is lost.

In conclusion, allow the editor of this de¬
partment to register his vote with the major¬
ity. Score: No. 1, 6; No. 2, 33.

UNDERSTANDING

HE improvement of the understanding is
for two ends: first, our own increase
of knowledge; secondly, to enable us to
deliver that knowledge to others. — LOCKE.

THE INLAND PRINTER

221

BY FRANK L. MARTIN.

This department will be devoted to the review and constructive criticism of printers’ advertising.

Quality in Printing.

ROBABLY no business in the past
has suffered more from the price-
cutting habit than the printing
business. That custom, which has
prevailed to a most hazardous
extent and which still prevails
somewhat, especially among the
smaller, less efficiently organized,
plants, has led to a general and
effective campaign of publicity on
the part of printers of quality to
offset its evil effects. Cheap print-
catchword, means cheapness, not
alone in initial cost but in the character of the product
itself. Every printer, the price-cutter included, knows
that as a fact. While it may not have been true in days
gone by, it is true now that the printing business has
become a modern, standardized and efficiently managed
industry. The result is that today printers as a whole no
longer guess at prices on good printing. The inaugura¬
tion of business methods enables them to figure almost to
a nicety any particular piece of work. Add to that a rea¬
sonable profit and you have the final cost to the buyer,
the same as prices are established by reputable industries
the world over.

What happens when the cost is cut? Just one thing.
The character and quality of the printer’s product is cut
along with the price. The only exception may be in the
shop of that printer who is still so
far behind the times that he does not
yet know how to figure costs and con¬
duct his business properly.

Along with this campaign against
price-cutting is the campaign of edu¬
cation on the value of printing. It is
an apt campaign, which, properly con¬
ducted, as it is being done, should
eliminate the price-cutter’s methods.

This campaign material carries force¬
ful arguments and facts relating to
the value of printing, provided it is
printing of quality and not the cheap
brand. And it is only printing of
quality, the advertising-campaign lit¬
erature shows, that brings results.

Benjamin Sherbow, in a recent
book, “ Making Type Work,” says
that type to do its job must: 1 — Com¬
mand attention ; 2 — Get itself read ;

3 — Get itself understood ; 4 — Get

itself acted upon.

What he says of the use of type is true of all good
printing. It is this sort of worth-while product that the
best printers are making an intelligent campaign for in
their publicity matter of the present time. It will have
material effect in ridding the business of the price-cutters
and their inferior products; and it should go far toward
placing the printing business on a more profitable basis.

“ Impressions. ”

The Patterson & White Company, of Philadelphia,
devotes the greater part of its most recent issue of Impres¬
sions (Fig. 1), to the campaign for a wider use of first-
class printing. It makes interesting reading; it is full of
sage truths; and rich in suggestion for other printers.
The firm puts it in this way in one part of the magazine:

Poor, weak, amateurish printed-matter never fails to
drag its owner down to a loss of money — not alone the
specific money wasted on itself, but also the money which
its owner has put into other goods. Poor printing sent
out to represent good products will drag down the selling
value of the products. In this we have a good example of
the natural power of suggestion.”

Impressions is a comparatively new house-organ in the
printers’ field, but if it keeps up to the standard set by
the August issue it is here to stay and is certain to prove
a worth-while publicity medium for the Philadelphia firm.
It goes about its business as a house-organ should.

Its contents strike one as having been carefully pre¬

pared and written with a serious purpose. From a print¬
ing standpoint there certainly is little
that one can find to criticize. It is
printed on fairly heavy, rough gray
stock with enough color on each page
to break the monotony. In the center
is a two-page advertising spi-ead with
a small sample of colorwork tipped

on, which shows most advantageously

the character of printing service the
firm is capable of doing. This is illus¬
trated in Fig. 2.

The matter of emphasizing the
value of good printing, and the pit-
falls of the cheap printer and his
product, is seldom lost sight of by the
reader in running through the maga¬
zine. The opening article deals with
the question of increasing the effec¬
tiveness of commercial literature, in
which it is argued that the best re¬
sults will be obtained from coopera¬
tive work with the printer, rather than
dealing wholly on a competitive basis.

Fig. i.

222

THE INLAND PRINTER

“ If we are able,” says the magazine, “ to influence the William Eskew.

men who buy commercial printing by instilling into them Blotters carrying their advertising and publicity mes-

a keener appreciation for quality rather than price, then sages daily reach the desk of the business man in varied

SHOW THE GOODS

in their true form by the use of COLOR

■yiy ITHOUT increasing the cost of paper or
mailing, you can greatly increase the effec¬
tiveness of your next catalog by the correct use
of Color. It is not always necessary to go to the
expense of four colors to produce a good effect.
The correct application of two is oftentimes
sufficient.

We would be glad to send a representative
who will show you how you can use color print¬
ing in your business.

PATTERSON & WHITE CO.

134-146 NORTH SIXTH STREET
PHILADELPHIA

“Color Printing a Specialty”

Fig. 2.

we will have done something which any
good printer would be proud of achiev¬
ing— that is, raising the quality of our
product.”

The Patterson & White Company
believes that some advertisers are be¬
ginning to realize that it really pays
to measure the cost of their printing
by the results achieved rather than
by the initial cost, and to understand
that, in order to receive the kind of
service they demand and have a right
to expect, it is necessary to give the
printer credit for knowing more about
the printing business than they do
themselves.

“ You can always find a fellow to do
it for less money, but good printing is
the product of a very few,” the house-
organ states. And again, on the back
page, we find this:

“ A competition for cheapness and
not for excellence of workmanship is
the most frequent and certain cause of
the rapid decay and entire destruction
of arts and manufactures.”

The magazine is carrying a series
of articles that will prove a help to the
firm which issues a catalogue. They
are entitled, “ Making the Catalogue.”
The one in the August issue is excep¬
tionally good, clearly stating facts on
engraving and platemaking.

The

ury

Sits

Conceit often makes me thin\ that
my product is better than it is, but
when a jury of competent men
mn\e a decision it is most lively to
be true. The printing magazines
make up a jury of competent judges
of printing — and they all say that
the work of W m. Es\ew is excellent.

"V Df_ow l realize that excellence is
worth nothing to you unless it
means something to you — that if
my service and prices do not com¬
pare with the quality, my product
is not what you want. But you
know as well as I that excellence
in printing does mean something
to you. It means that you will add
dignity and worth to your firm
when you use it — and it means
economy. It means everything that
goes with beauty, excellence, and
worth. And it will pay you to see
that Eskew Quality is a part of
your next job of printing.

William Eskew

825 Third T Phone 1338
Portsmouth (U.S.A) Ohio

Fig. 3.

sizes, forms and designs — some are
specimens of good printing and many
others are just the opposite. William
Eskew, of Portsmouth, Ohio, is issuing
an attractive series, one of which is
reproduced here (Fig. 3). This blotter,
well printed on heavy, white blotter
stock, carries an appeal for good print¬
ing in which this phrase is used:

“ But you know as well as I that
excellence in printing does mean some¬
thing. It means that you will add dig¬
nity and worth to your firm when you
use it — and it means economy.”

“Lee’s Proof.”

In the summer issue of Lee’s Proof
(Fig. 4), the house-organ published by
the Wilson H. Lee Company, New
Haven, Connecticut, there is a story
called “ Their First Dividend.” Like
all good stories, this one has a moral,
and that moral is that you can not
make or save money by buying cheap
printing.

Two partners in business — to
shorten the tale, which is of some
length in the magazine, two pages of
which are reproduced — are congratu¬
lating themselves that for the first time
their firm is to pay a well-deserved
dividend. In fact, they have already
had visions of how they were going to

THE INLAND PRINTER

223

spend the money when the melon was cut. Then Jennings,
one of the partners, has a wonderful idea! He has found
a new printer who is going to save the firm twenty-five
per cent in the cost of issuing their annual catalogue. His

be inclined to sacrifice the quality of their advertising
literature in order to make a slight gain in initial cost.

Lee’s Proof is a rather pretentious house-organ of six¬
teen pages, covering in a breezy way the various depart-

THE WILSON H LEE COMPANY

Printing Dep’I

Their First

”\WELL,” said Jennings, who was
v fairly oozing satisfaction out of
every pore and caressing with loving
fingers a stack of estimates, “we
are at last on the road to our first
dividend.”

“Glory be!” burst out Kendall,
Jennings’ right hand man and a 51
percenter. “Here’s where I lift the
mortgage on my car, pay my tailor,
see the dentist, get ready to go to
Palm Beach — but say,” and he
suddenly grew serious, “just what
makes you think the fair Goddess of
Profit, who has been turning her
little pug nose up at us for so many
years, will now smile on the humble
firm of Jennings & Co., Inc.?”

“Got it all here;” patting his esti¬
mates. “We’ve been gaining steadily
every year. The estimate for this
year, with a normal holiday season,
bringing in the usual amount of cash
sales and advance payments, will pull
us through with a nice little present
for each stockholder. It’s due us —

I tell you, it’s due us!

“Now, I’ve got a way to boost that
dividend by saving a little on our
holiday catalogs. Kitchen, the new
printer says he can give us a bet¬
ter catalog than we’ve been getting
and save as much as 25% on the
cost.”

“Dividend”

“I knew it — I knew it. Just as we
get the Goddess headed our way, we
line up behind a bill-board ready to
greet her with a handful of mud!”

“No such a thing,” said Jennings,
getting visibly peeved, “we have
to look at all propositions with an
open mind. Trouble with us is,
we’re in a rut.”

The argument was dropped.
Many times during the following two
weeks Jennings was in close consul¬
tation with Kitchen, much to the

"What make* you think the fair sodden
of profit will smile on u*''

disgust of Kendall who held not only
51 per cent, of the stock but, it was
hinted, considerably more than 51
per cent, of the selling acumen of the
institution.

LEE’S PROOF

He was a strong believer in good
printing, knew he had to pay a fair
price to get it, and, had proved to
his complete satisfaction, time and
again, that it was well worth what
it cost. Ever since the firm started,
he had handled the printing.

But, the job was given to Kitchen
by Kendall— “just to keep peace in
the family,” he said; and he cau¬
tioned Kitchen roundly about keep¬
ing the quality up to the old standard.

“What’* the matter, boy* — who's dead?"

“You leave it to me,” Kitchen
came back at him. “I’m Ben
Franklin, incarnate — get that — in¬
carnate!’ ’ He drew back to let this
effusion penetrate. Seeing it wouldn’t
without rubbing, he patronizingly
handed Kendall something that
looked suspiciously like an election
cigar. "And what’s more. I’m going
to show speed on this job — save you
five days anyway.’

“Hmm,” grunted Kendall, “Well,
go to it, and God bless you.” If
Kitchen had listened closely as he
went out he might have heard
Kendall mumbling to himself some¬

thing about it’s being a poor time to
take a wallop at the Goddess.

A week later Kitchen “showed
speed” by submitting complete proof.
Kendall went over it with the eye of
an eagle. It was fairly well set —
no two ways about it. Some correc¬
tions were necessary, but they were
trivial. The type was good, and the
cutting around the many large half
tones was neatly done. With a
somewhat lightened heart, he placed
his 0. K. on the proofs and sent them
back.

He wondered if the Joke after all
wasn’t on him. Had he all these
years been letting somebody soak the
concern on their printing. The
thought was an unpleasant one and
he dismissed it.

One morning about three weeks
later Kendall found most of the office
force out in the shipping room gath¬
ered about a huge pile of newly
printed catalogs.

This was a paternal sort of organi¬
zation. Many of the under-em¬
ployes were stockholders, and it was
customary for them each year to
“pass” on the new catalog. On all
previous occasions this “passing”
amounted to expressions of satis¬
faction. Rarely, if ever, were there
any serious objections.

This time all faces were sober.
“What’s the matter, boys,” ex¬
claimed Kendall, Who’s dead?”

“Nothing— nobody — that is, not
exactly,” came from the head book¬
keeper, but this doesn’t seem to be
a bang-up good job of printing.”
He handed one of the catalogs to
Kendall. The moment he opened

arguments finally win over the better
judgment of his partner, who insisted
on continuing with their present
printer, who had produced for them
a catalogue in which the firm took
pride and which was in keeping with
the excellent quality of the goods the
firm handled.

With better prospects than the
firm had ever had for a money har¬
vest in increased sales, the manage¬
ment made all arrangements, then
awaited the returns from the cata¬
logue. There were few returns. The
catalogue, a slipshod mess of printing
such as the printer had to turn out
because of the price he had made, was
such that retailers hid it. The firm’s
holiday business, on which the divi¬
dend was to be declared, fell off more

ments of the organization. It is
printed in colors on heavy enameled
stock, with a striking cover-design in
three colors. The department head¬
ings are not especially pleasing, yet
the magazine as a whole is attrac¬
tively gotten up.

Pride in Your Product.

It is this necessity of good print¬
ing as a distinctive phase of adver¬
tising work that is pointed out so
clearly in an article on “ Pride in
Your Product,” in the August num¬
ber of Graphica, published by the
Herald Press, of Montreal and To¬
ronto. It is a surprise to the editor
of Graphica that many business men
do not seem to realize the intimate
connection between the character of

than one-third — all because, of the Fig.

fact that the printing was inferior.

A story it is, perhaps, in this particular instance, yet
one based on realities, as will be admitted by those who
have had experience with good and bad printing. The
writer succeeds in sounding a warning to those who may

4. their product and the character of

their printed-matter concerning it.

The editor then goes on to set forth the wholesome
truth with which the modern producer of printing of
quality is sufficiently familiar, but which until only
recently has been made the text for publicity material

224

THE INLAND PRINTER

reaching the desks of consumers to combat the bait of the
printer who cuts prices and gives the merchant printing
that is merely ordinary. What he says is worth quoting:

“ They do not seem to appreciate at its full importance
the fact that the object of every single piece of printed-
matter sent out in connection with their business is to
produce an impression — an impression in favor of the
merchandise or the service that they have to offer.

“ We are not arguing that the printed-matter should
of necessity be elaborate or costly. But we do say that

what many other firms are carrying in their publicity
mediums. In this case, as in the case of most of the
others, the magazine backs up the argument by being
everything that the reader could wish in the way of a
specimen of good printing. Graphica has been mentioned
before in The Inland Printer, and many of the read¬
ers of this journal are familiar with the magazine. It is
sufficient to say that it is a printing product in which the
publishers can justly take pride both as to context and
typography (see Fig. 5), and that the buyer of printing

Graphica

possible effectiveness of any piece of printed matter
you may issue. Whenever you are thinking of send¬
ing out a leaflet, a blotter, a catalogue, a folder, or a
booklet, ask yourself whether it adequately reflects
your pride in your product. If it does not, it will not
only fail largely or wholly in its object, but may do
positive harm by producing an unfavorable im¬
pression.

It may be necessary to spend more money on
your printing to get what you feel is right. But a
bigger appropriation for printing is not necessarily
the remedy. To cut down in size or number, and
improve in style and selling force, may be the
wisest course.

For instance, supposing you are planning to send
out a 16-page booklet, with cover additional, and
the thing is a poorer specimen of a printed sales¬
man than you care to have, why not have a 16-page
booklet with self-cover, and make it a bang-up
example of its kind for the same money?

Or if you propose mailing to 5,000 people a more
or less poor piece of printing, why not make a
selective mailing list of say 3,500 and put the money
you save by curtailing the quantity into improving
the appearance and selling power of the mail
matter?

We are specialists in Direct Advertising. We take
the same pride in the printed matter we design and
produce as you take in the products of your firm.
We can help you improve the force and the appeal
of your printed matter. That is our business. We
don’t advise you to spend more money. We help
you to spend the money you do spend to the best
advantage — and we take pride in that fact.

[8]

Fig.

The Finest Insurance Publication in theWorld

NE of the driest subjects, from a layman’s point of view, is Insur¬
ance. The reason doubtless is that while most men know in a general
way of the value of insurance, there is no tangible evidence of its value for
a man. even when he has purchased it, except when the unusual hap¬
pens. This applies more particularly to life insurance. When a man insures

the printing issued by a firm should be conceived on a
plane with the intelligence of the people that it is intended
to reach and should present an appearance in keeping
with the quality of what you have to offer.

“ There is an infallible method for determining the
possible effectiveness of any piece of printed-matter you
may issue. Whenever you are thinking of sending out a
leaflet, a blotter, a catalogue, a folder, or a booklet, ask
yourself whether it adequately reflects your pride in your
product. If it does not, it will not only fail largely or
wholly in its object, but may do positive harm by produc¬
ing an unfavorable impression.”

Rather than invest anything in cheap printing, the
writer in Graphica asserts, it is much better to curtail on
the amount of printing where absolutely necessary than
to cut down on the quality. Cut the size of the advertising
literature or the number on the mailing-list, but never
the quality of the printing, is, in effect, the advice given.

What the Herald Press is doing to induce buyers to
see that they get good, or productive, printing, and not
cheap, or non-productive, printing, is a fair sample of

who reads it does so with the feeling that to those respon¬
sible for it he can safely leave the task of delivering the
right kind of printed-matter without much regard to cost.

The magazine becomes an effective medium not alone
through its exceptionally good make-up, arrangement and
taste in printing, but because it offers specimens of good
work as proof of the quality of printing that it is capable
of doing for any firm. The magazine is carrying a series
of sketches of master craftsmen employed on its staff, with
the significant statement that the use of modern machin¬
ery has not made the craftsmen superfluous.

“Type Talks.”

Every page of Type Talks, the house-organ published
now and then by the Eugene Smith Company, of Aurora,
Illinois, hits hard at the price-cutter and cheap printing.
“ Every man who advertises his wonderfully low price ac¬
knowledges that his product is in the class where price
counts more than anything else — that he is in competi¬
tion on a price basis,” is the parting shot that the little
magazine takes on the back cover of the most recent issue.

THE INLAND PRINTER

225

Type Talks is in itself a specimen of good printing, and
the little magazine appeals the minute you pick it up. It
is well printed on an exceptionally good grade of paper
adapted for stationery, and its general make-up is par¬
ticularly attractive. From every angle this quite too
popular idea that all printing falls into one class regard¬
less of quality is combated in a direct, persuasive way.
It says:

“ When we quote you a price, that price is based on
an accurate cost system, and we positively can not lower
that price without cheapening the product.

“ If you want to be sure of securing high-class printed
salesmanship, be ready to pay a fair price for it. You can
not procure the best printed salesmanship at the price of
ordinary printed-matter any more than you can hire the
best personal salesmanship at the price of a day laborer.

“ You can not cut selling costs without increasing the
effectiveness of your advertising literature — and you can
not do that and ‘ shop ’ your printing. If you desire
printed salesmanship, be ready to pay the price asked for
it. You can not get ‘ porterhouse ’ at the price of ‘ round.’ ”

In the September issue of its magazine, the Eugene
Smith Company has concentrated on this campaign for
good printing and has produced an effective piece of work.
For the buyer there is set forth a standard that all print¬
ing ought to meet — the sort of standard that the reader
can easily believe the Eugene Smith Company attains and
furnishes in its products. No man, according to Type
Talks, has ever advertised until he has used good print¬
ing, not just printing, for good printing is one of the first
requisites of successful advertising.

“UNDER SEPARATE COVER.”

Rare indeed is the man who has never had occasion
to swear at this phrase. Important pieces of second-class
mail-matter are shunted leisurely from department to
department, seeking their lawful claimant, who some time
last week received a letter notifying him of their forward¬
ing “ under separate cover,” and is now raging over their
non-receipt. By great good luck some of them reach their
destination and get the proper attention; others go per¬
manently astray, and no man dare guess how many of
them are filed away in the waste-basket by office boys and

Device by Which Merchandise and Letter are Mailed
Securely Fastened Together.

mail clerks, along with the worthless material that richly
deserves that fate. All of us have at one time or another
suffered this inconvenience, either in our incoming or our
outgoing mail.

When he established his parcel post, Uncle Sam took
official note of the state of affairs and enacted a regula¬
tion that a letter, properly sealed and stamped, might be
attached to any parcel-post package for simultaneous for¬
warding and delivery. But those of us who noted this
concession were rather inclined to scoff at the suggestion
that we attempt to hitch an envelope to our parcel in such
2-6

a way as to make it stick throughout a long postal jour¬
ney. When the envelope-maker offers to attend to this
little detail we are forced to sit up and take notice.

An enterprising Detroit firm has just done this very
thing. A typical sample of the product consists of a coarse
cheese-cloth bag and a neat white envelope of correspon¬
dence size. Both open at one end, and at their closed ends
they are everlastingly stitched together with good strong
thread. It was through receipt of an electrotype in one

Combination Envelope and Label. Letter or Invoice is
Placed in Envelope, Which Is Then Attached to
Package, Letter Postage Being Placed on
Former and Merchandise Postage
on Latter.

of these packages, with the envelope containing a letter
telling us what it was all about — and marked conspic¬
uously “ Letter Inside ” — that the editorial attention was
brought to the device.

But this is only one kind. No matter what kind of an
article you may wish to mail with letter attached, you can
find just the right kind of a double-barreled receptacle
for it, with a neat and businesslike envelope for the letter
firmly anchored in place. Two illustrations of the appli¬
cation of this system are shown here, and the long-suffer¬
ing victim of the “ under separate cover ” nuisance will
instantaneously think of a thousand more, and thus sound
the death knell of the aforesaid nuisance. — Scientific
American.

THE PRINTER’S PRIMARY COLORS.

Here are a few questions and answers from a scientific
contemporary :

Question. — Please state which are the primary colors?
I understand they are red, yellow and blue. — “ Printer.”

Answer. — Red, green and blue-violet are the primary
colors, for the reason that by mixing all three of these in
suitable combinations we obtain all the colors or shades of
them. — Editor.

Question (next week). — How can I make yellow by
mixing red, green and blue-violet? — “ Printer.”

Answer.- — - In your town the science teacher may have
an apparatus by which he may give you a demonstration.
You should have to mix colors in a triple lantern so as to
project one color over another. — Editor.

Result. — “ Printer ” takes cans of red, green and purple
ink to the science teacher in his town and asks him to
please mix some yellow ink for him.

Later. — The printer’s spoken opinion of the editor of
our scientific contemporary and what he knows about the
mixing of colored inks could not get past the censor and
is consequently not recorded here.

Specimens of Bookbindings from the Master Hand of A. J. Cox.

THE INLAND PRINTER

227

Written for The Inland Printer.

ALFRED J. COX — MASTER BINDER.

BY JOHN J. PLEGER.

0 those who are striving for the better¬
ment of trade ideals and working methods,
it is a real help and inspiration to learn
of the master workers of the past. Some¬
how we are prone to look for heroes only
in remote times and places. All develop¬
ing individuals do search for heroes, and
it is by no means a sentimental or silly
recreation — it is the natural aspiration of growing hu¬
manity to admire and imitate the attainments of those who
are superior. We are peculiarly fortunate in that we can
find a master worker who lived in our own country and in
this age, a man who lived and wrought in the growing,
commercially striving city of Chicago — and, in the con¬
templation of past time, we may well say he lived but
yesterday.

Devotees of the bookbinders’ craft may find much to
emulate in the life of Alfred J. Cox. Born at Isleworth-
on-Thames, Middlesex County, England, on January 22,
1835, he came to America with his mother at the age
of thirteen years, his father having died when the boy
was but four years old. They landed in New Orleans,
wandered about for a couple of years and then settled
in Columbus, Ohio, in 1850. Here the boy began to learn
the bookbinders’ trade with Messrs. Scott and Bascom,
publishers of the Ohio State Journal. Afterward, young
Cox kept books for the Ohio Statesman. In 1855 he moved
to Chicago and worked again for Mr. Scott, his instruc¬
tor and employer at Columbus, who also had moved to
Chicago. The greater part of his journeyman experience
was gained in Milwaukee, alternated with employment by
Mr. Scott.

Mr. Cox began his business career in 1861, when he
purchased a small bindery at the corner of Lake and
Clark streets. The business grew, and was later moved
to larger quarters at 51-53 La Salle street. In five years
the business had again outgrown its accommodations, and
the plant and offices were moved to 164 Clark street. In
August, 1871, the firm purchased another bindery, con¬
solidated the two, making the Cox establishment the larg¬
est and best-equipped binding establishment west of New
York city. The great fire of 1871 destroyed the entire
plant, but other equipment was immediately purchased —
indeed, Mr. Cox’s house manufactured the first book,
“ Campbell’s Shippers’ Guide,” printed in Chicago after
the fire. The firm, which is still doing business under the
name of A. J. Cox & Co., was formed by Mr. Cox the
following year, and, for ten years, the business was con¬
ducted in the Lakeside building. Again outgrowing the
limitations of quarters, the business was taken to 140-146
Monroe street in 1883, and the last move, to the present
location, 42-44 West Monroe street, a seven-story building
which was purchased by the firm, was made in 1893.

If we are admirers of efficiency, this dry chronicle of
business growth shows us that Mr. Cox certainly was an
efficient business man. A little book, entitled “ The Mak¬
ing of the Book,” published in 1878, gives further light
upon his methods and the results obtained thereby. Cer¬
tainly no man had a finer appreciation of painstaking
hand-tooling — yet he was progressive and alert to new
methods, for we find him advertising “ the extensive steam
book-manufacturing house of Messrs. A. J. Cox & Co.”
He goes on to say they had 20,500 square feet of floor

space, excellently lighted, facilities for doing every variety
of work, and skilled workmen. During the twelve months
ending October 1, 1876, the following books were bound
by them :

4tos . 54,413

8vos . 48,245

12mos . 67,094

18mos . 59,128

Total . 228,880

During the same period pamphlets averaging about
200,000 per month were bound. When we remember that
this was in 1876, over forty years ago, and but five years
after the destruction of the former plant, we get a good
idea of the indomitable spirit that characterized the man.
Of such caliber were the pioneers of our industry.

Allred J. Cox.

The business was broader in scope than is usual with
the majority of binderies, and comprised edition book-
work, pamphlet-work and jobwork; and it was all well
done, for we can not question the sincerity of the testi¬
monials from Jansen, McClurg & Company, William F.
Poole (Chicago Public Library), Thomas Hutchinson, and
many others, which were proudly printed in the back of
that little volume.

But, successful as was A. J. Cox in a purely business
way, it is not that success alone which makes him admir¬
able. It is the fact that he kept his interests and sym¬
pathies broader than the commercial routine. He not
only made books — he loved books. And, although all of
us can not assemble such a collection as he, we can all
gather our treasures and keep our interest alive to beau¬
tiful thoughts dressed in beautiful handiwork. A. J. Cox
gathered together the most wonderful collection of the

228

THE INLAND PRINTER

works of Shakespeare which has probably ever been made
— certainly no other private library has as fine Shake-
speariana. Jack Lait concisely describes this rare hoard
thus:

“ There are larger Shakespearean libraries, but none
finer. There are thirty-nine volumes of the complete
works of the bard, bound in oxblood morocco, unlike any
other set ever bound. The basis of the collection is the
imperial octavo edition de luxe of 1881, rebound to include
2,350 etched plates, the gathering of which took ten years
of devotion to this majestic hobby.

“ The plates are head-pieces and tail-pieces, portraits,
scenes, maps, extra title-pages, etc., of the various edi¬
tions issued by connoisseurs in all lands, and some orig¬
inal works of art independent of text. The binding is
extra levant.

“ Besides that, there are about five hundred and fifty
books of analysis, criticism, biography, anecdotes and
digests of Shakespeare and everything Shakespearean.

“ Furthermore, there are about four hundred volumes
relating to the great artists who visualized and inter¬
preted the master’s works through three and a half cen¬
turies . There are about twenty-five hundred

volumes bound and built from the leaves of magazines and
other publications, which it would be impossible now or
ever again to parallel — a unique and invaluable hoard
of literary treasure. And there are about five hundred
volumes on the history of the stage in all the lands. . . .

“ But perhaps the most fascinating of all this collec¬
tion are the commentaries, notes, observations and facts
recorded in his own journal of plays witnessed by him
during half a century of passionate interest, penned on
the moment and accompanied by carefully preserved
announcements, programs, librettos, etc. Probably not
in the whole world is there the equal of that.

“ He did not buy books extravagantly. He put about
$50,000 into the thirty-five hundred books which consti¬
tute the heart of that marvelous library, and he probably
got more than that back in the pleasure that he took in
designing the bindings alone.”

Aside from the books centering about Shakespeare,
Mr. Cox had many rare volumes treating of a variety of
subjects. There is such a wealth of volumes, in fact, one
could not stop to catalogue them, but they include history,
history of religions, biographies, stage lore, etc.

Of these books, many were bound by Mr. Cox himself,
and the high character of the work stands as a memorial
to his skill. That he took pride in his work is shown in
the painstaking manner in which the work was done. Only
the best of materials were used, and many of the designs
are of the most intricate character. To mention only one
set, the works of Victor Hugo: Here we find nineteen
volumes, sumptuously bound in French crushed levant
morocco, each in a different shade, style and finish, and
every double of a different design in ornamentation, mak¬
ing thirty-eight different specimens of binding in the set.

We have admired A. J. Cox for his business acumen
and for his magnificent hobby; we can admire him, too,
for sweetness of temper in his human relations. His
home on Diversey parkway was the center of his life.
His wife was his constant companion for forty years —
similar tastes and love of the domestic life made them
an ideal couple in their family relations. They had five
children; the oldest, Alexis J., lives in the old home and
cherishes the rare volumes which were his father’s. The
house on Diversey parkway contained a conservatory in
which Mr. Cox took great pride, also the “ attic ” where
were his book treasures.

Aside from his own family, the genial cheerfulness and
culture of this grand old man won the friendship of other
great souls, among whom were Rev. Frank Gunsaulus,
Rev. Frank Bristol, Francis Wilson and Eugene Field.
Upon the fly-leaf of “A Little Book of Western Verse,”
Eugene Field, in 1891, wrote these lines — wrote them
“ within the sumptuous attic ” :

My good friend Cox, the sly old fox,

Has books beyond all number ;

They quite abash the vulgar trash
Which my poor shelves encumber.

So clean and fair, so old and rare — ■

I wonder where he found ’em.

And, having got the previous lot.

How splendidly he's bound ’em !

Yet I consign this work of mine
To him with joy emphatic.

And may it grace some modest place
Within his sumptuous attic ;

And I, sweet friend, shall bless the end
To which I now devote it,

If, when you look upon this book,

You bless the friend who wrote it.

The practice Cox made of saving clippings, newspa¬
pers and magazines which treated of topics which inter¬
ested him has enriched his library with volumes rare
indeed. And that suggests a useful habit we might form
in these strenuous days of history-making. Are you sav¬
ing, and having bound, the wealth of valuable historical
material in the daily and Sunday papers of these years
of the Great War? Do you throw away your favorite
magazines, and then buy the serial stories in book form?
Do you keep and bind the pictures often published in the
better magazines, reproductions, sometimes in color, of
the best in the world’s art? There is a fascination about

THE INLAND PRINTER

229

this saving and collection of material almost akin to
authorship; the completed volume is personal and unique.

Some of Mr. Cox’s ideas, and the ideals of his trade,
were expressed in the small book before mentioned, “ The
Making of the Book.” Let us quote:

“ A curious art in connection with bookbinding, con¬
sisting in the restoration of old books and manuscripts,
is prosecuted in the French capital, and has been raised
by a few experts to a marvelous degree of perfection.
The skill of these artists is, indeed, so great that no book
is beyond their transforming touch.

“ They take out the most inveterate stains and marks;
they reinstate the surface where holes have been gnawed
by rats or eaten by worms; they replace missing lines
and leaves in such a way that no one can discover the
interpolations; they remake margins, giving them exactly
the color and appearance of the original. All this is so
well done that frequently the most discriminating judges
can not tell the restored copy from the perfect original
work. Ornamental frontispieces, editor’s marks, vignettes,
coats-of-arms, manuscript, or printed pages, all are imi¬
tated to a degree of accuracy that tasks even the most
practiced eye.

“The arts flourish where they are fostered; and the
main reason why the French and English have the merit
of carrying this art to so high a degree of perfection
is traceable, not alone to skill in manipulation and excel¬
lence in tools, but to the prices ungrudgingly paid by
wealthy book-fanciers, thus making it possible for the

bookbinder to carry out his best ideas satisfactorily, to
accomplish which a large expenditure of time and talent
is requisite, as well as a considerable investment of capi¬
tal. For, though greatly assisted by the various mechan¬

ical helps and contrivances which, one by one, have been
added to the resources of the art during its long progress
down the ages, it is still true that the finisher of a book
must be an artist.

“ The volume comes to his hand flat, solid; the bands
square, the joints free, the whole book geometrically just,
through the previous care of the forwarder. It must leave
him a finished work of art. It must open easily, lie flat
out without any strain ; its hinges be finely formed, with¬

out crease, and the tooling which adorns its" back, edge
and sides must be of mathematical precision as well as
artistic taste.

“ But the additional value of a well-bound book pays
for the extra expense. It endures. A good book is a val¬
uable possession, and should have suitable protection ; it
is a genial companion, worthy of appropriate robing; it is
a faithful friend, and deserves a fitting house. . . .

“ What is the magic which only transformed a pump¬
kin to a golden coach, compared with that of the book¬
binding wizard, who, from a barrel full of waste paper,
conjures a handsome row of substantial volumes? Stores
of useful information, charming poems, beguiling stories,
beautiful illustrations, choice bits of history, all these
delightful companions for lonely hours have been evoked
from that unsightly waste. . . .

“ Low-priced bindings, like low-priced dress goods, are
far from being always the cheapest. Durability, appro¬
priateness and effect are all to be considered in deciding
what is cheap and what is dear. The book which has been
hastily thrown together, and crookedly stuck between cov¬
ers, annoys you by its vulgarity, provokes you by its
missing sections, puzzles you by its misplaced illustra¬
tions, and makes you dizzy by its down-hill pages," result¬
ing from bad cutting. Who that has experienced it can
forget the torment those so-called ‘ cheap ’ books inflict
upon their unhappy purchaser? He sees the tawdry cov¬
ers curl up palpably before his eyes as he passes his first
evening over them, and beholds them casting untimely
leaves, like a dying tree, before he finishes his first peru¬
sal. There may be a washy flood of gold on those thin
covers, but they are not fit to be seen when the book has

230

THE INLAND PRINTER

been in use a month. They hardly last as a center-table
adornment through the holiday season. . . .

“ The first requisite in the binding- of a book is that
its cover shall thoroughly protect it, and at the same time
permit it to be used with ease. The next, that it shall
possess that substantial appearance without which the eye
of the connoisseur remains unsatisfied. The volume must
not only be well protected, but seem so. If it fail in these
respects, no degree of skill or profusion of adornment is
worth anything-. The binding- is a failure in the very
thing- for which it was designed.

“ Then comes the need of appropriateness in binding.
He who selects for his library books whose inside qualities
are, as it were, reflected in their suitable and tasteful
bindings, proves himself to be a person of true literary
taste and judgment. For even a binding, though it is
serviceable and well made, may be unsatisfactory from its
inappropriateness. . . .

SOUTH AMERICA USES NEWS-PRINT PAPER FOR
WRAPPING-PAPER.

Practically all the news-print paper that is received by
Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador now comes from the United
States. Even before the war it formed the bulk of the
American shipments to the first-mentioned country, and
represented almost one-third of the total Peruvian imports
of paper. Since the outbreak of the war there has been a
heavy increase in the imports because of the fact that
news-print is admitted free of duty and, with the rise in
the price of all other grades of paper, the retailers have
found it is the cheapest kind they can obtain for wrapping
purposes. Now that it has gained extensive use for this
purpose, it is believed the imports will continue to increase
even after cheaper wrapping-paper is again available.

These facts and many others concerning the trade in
all kinds of paper, paper products and printing machinery
are presented in a report by a special agent of the Bureau

“ The Sumptuous Attic.”

Where A. J. Cox, master bookbinder, spent the greater portion of his leisure hours, and where are stored the many treasures, his

books, the bindings of which are a memorial to his skill.

“ A little reflection must make it apparent to any per¬
son of taste that sober, practical books should be corre¬
spondingly covered ; while works of the imagination, such
as poetry, books of engravings, and the like, demand rich
morocco, fanciful ornaments and gilding.

“ It is true that a large majority of our book¬
purchasing community are men whose business cares
absorb so large a portion of their time and thought that
they feel themselves unable to devote the requisite atten¬
tion to the formation of a well-selected, well-ordered and
well-bound library. They are conscious of the deficiencies
in their shelves, but see no way to remedy them. To this
class of readers how invaluable the counsel and assistance
of reliable men, who are devoting their time and ability
to this very subject, and who are, therefore, able to grat¬
ify the correct and artistic tastes of which most of us
are conscious, though few have the opportunity of fully
developing them.”

So we see that A. J. Cox was a master binder; suc¬
cessful in his business in a monetary fashion, successful
in his business by giving impetus to development of high
standards of workmanship and usefulness; and this
greater success was due to the broadened mind gained
by the cultivation of friendly intercourse with family and
noble friends, of the culture of association with great
minds and the inspiration imparted by the possession of
the intellectual luxuries in the “ sumptuous attic.”

of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Department of Com¬
merce, who studied conditions in the three countries men¬
tioned. Among the features of the trade that were observed
was the preponderance of American bond-paper in the
Peruvian market, where the United States occupies a field
all to itself, its only competitor being Great Britain, whose
bonds are somewhat higher in price. In the same country,
American blotting-paper is acknowledged by all printers
and stationers to be the best and cheapest on the market,
and practically all sold there is of American manufacture,
while all the photographic paper comes from this country.

Special Agent Robert S. Barrett, who prepared the
report, is conducting a general investigation in Latin-
American countries along these lines. Comparatively
speaking, he does not find that the three countries covered
in this particular report constitute a very important field
for manufacturers of these articles, but the descriptions
of market conditions and methods of trade extension as
employed by competing countries are intended to be of
general interest as part of a survey of Latin-American
trade.

Copies of “ Paper, Paper Products and Printing Ma¬
chinery in Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador, Special Agents’
Series No. 143,” may be obtained at 10 cents each from
the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing
Office, Washington, D. C., or from the district offices of the
Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce.

THE INLAND PRINTER

231

ui m m hi m til m m m in_ LLI_ LU_ LU_ 111_ LU (11 ill LLi_ m in_ m. ■ ILL III — "■ ULL.

PROOFROOM

BY F. HORACE TEALL.

Questions pertaining to proofreading are solicited and will be promptly answered in this department. Replies can not be made by mail.

The Logic of Pointing.

A. L. P., Williamsport, Pennsylvania, writes: “ Please
give your opinion of the punctuation in the last line of this
step head:

Germany Does Not Have Over 200 U-Boats;

Builds Three or Four, Loses One Each Week

“ It is contended that, without a comma after the word
‘ one,’ the ‘ each week ’ idea is not properly conveyed in
the first clause.”

Answer.— The logic of the opinion expressed in the
letter seems to me impeccable. A comma should be in¬
serted after “ one ” to make the head say with formal pro¬
priety just what it means. It is doubtful, however,
whether much good can be done by such close inquiry into
the logic of a single instance, since very often a failure in
logic does not involve a penalty of actual misunderstand¬
ing. The present case is of that nature. I do not perceive
any likelihood of a misreading by any one. People will
instinctively supply the missing logic and read the head
correctly, just as they know when they hear “ I didn’t do
nothing ” that the speaker means “ I didn’t do anything.”
But this is really going into another question than the one
actually in hand. I am asked for my opinion on the punc¬
tuation of a certain form of words only. My opinion is
that those words should have the comma that is mentioned,
and that the expression is not complete without it.

Elementary Grammar.

E. R. M., Danville, Illinois, sends this: “ The enclosed
card [saying, “ Within these walls there shall be nothing
done or said which, if known to him, might give aid or
comfort to the enemies of our country.”] was the cause of
a rather heated argument, the whole controversy arising
over the use of the words ‘ him ’ and ‘ enemies.’ As neither
party to the argument would ‘ give in,’ I offered to submit
the proposition to you if they would abide by your decis¬
ion. They agreed, therefore I ask you to kindly settle the
matter. The party who got up the card claims it is right
as it stands, that the words ‘ him ’ and ‘ enemies ’ are used
in their proper way, while the party of the opposition
claims that the word ‘ him ’ should be changed to ‘ them ’
if ‘ enemies ’ stands as it is. Otherwise, if ‘ him ’ is
right, ‘ enemies ’ is wrong, and should read ‘ enemy.’ Per¬
sonally, I think there is but one change necessary, and
that is, where ‘ him ’ is ‘ them ’ should be. However, we
await your decision.”

Answer. — It is utterly beyond my power of compre¬
hension how it is possible for any one to write this card as
printed, and still more unimaginable that any one should
insist that it is justifiable. Only one change is necessary,
but that one may be either of the two mentioned in the
letter. The grammar is as bad as anybody could make it.
It would be much more satisfactory in such a case for the

letter-writer to tell just what his opponent said by way of
argument for his side of the question. I can not think of
any possibility for such argument.

Perversity About Questions.

Prevalent obtuseness in the matter of understanding
what constitutes a question is becoming more evident day
by day. Not only in newspapers, but in many of our best
books, we find sentences printed as questions, that is, with
a question-mark at the end, when they are plainly declar¬
ative, and not interrogative. Also, and rather more fre¬
quently, actual questions end with a period, although one
of the first things learned in school is that a question
should have at its end an interrogation-point. How is
such failure possible in a case so simple? How has this
failure become so widespread? What is the use of teach¬
ing if people will not learn? These common errors prove
that their makers have not learned what a question is.
Nowhere is this shown more plainly than in the instance
that suggested this note. In reading the newspaper that
I have thought to be best in such matters I came upon
a sentence, “ I wonder why? ” I have seen this often else¬
where and wondered why anybody would print it in the
form of a question. No question is asked by it, but an
obvious assertion is expressed by it. The proper use of
the question-mark is only at the end of the actual expres¬
sion of a question, and every question actually expressed
as such should end with a question-mark. The mere asser¬
tion that a certain question is asked, when the literal
words of the question are not given, is improperly ended
with an interrogation-point.

Decimal Points.

I had a letter about decimal points, but have lost it.
As I remember it the writer objected to the use of periods
in normal position and advocated the use of dots half way
up, or turned periods. Of course the object of writing to
me was to get my personal opinion. Well, my personal
choice favors the full point in its regular position, as
being far simpler. Usage is now divided. British usage
is at least mainly of the inverted order, possibly univer¬
sally so, though I am not sure of anything except that
many of the advocates of that system would decry the
other as not sufficiently distinctive. The British style is
used by some people in the United States, but not by any
means prevalently. I believe that most American print
has the full point in normal position as a decimal point.
At any rate, enough of it is so to sanction the usage by
any one sensible enough to avoid such a finicky procedure
as insisting on the inversion. My impression is that math¬
ematicians are generally given to using- the raised dot, but
I am sure that I prefer it the other way, which is certainly
very common, if not prevalent.

232

THE INLAND PRINTER

VARYING ESTIMATES OF THE PROOFREADER’S
FUNCTION.

BY F. HORACE TEALL.

F any class of work is impossible of strictly
definitive classification, especially brain-
work of any kind, proofreading must be so
reckoned. A recent writer who said that
it might have been F. Horace Teall who
originally remarked that a good proof¬
reader must be born, not made, was wildly
guessing and far astray, for that was said
many times before the man named was born. Much more
interesting than this question is the fact that the real
originator of the saying had a vastly different idea of a
good proofreader from the one most commonly held today.

The account of proofreading given in the New Ameri¬
can Cyclopaedia, under the heading “ Correction of the
Press” (the older name for proofreading), will serve well
to show the original status of the proofreader and give a
clue to the origin of the ranking of his work as a profes¬
sion. This account was written about 1860. It says:

“ Very rare qualifications are requisite to be an excel¬
lent corrector of the press, or proofreader. Besides a
familiar knowledge of the language in which the work is
written, and of the technicalities of the typographical art,
which is essential, and extensive and accurate information
on general subjects, which is constantly useful, there is
especially demanded an extreme precision in the habits
of the eye. Hence the term ‘ typographical eye,’ which
implies the power of at once perceiving all the letters of
which each word is composed, grasping the sense of each
sentence, and following the succession of ideas through a
paragraph or a chapter. In the period immediately fol¬
lowing the discovery of printing, publishers were gener¬
ally eminent scholars, and either corrected the proofs
themselves or were assisted in the task by the most
learned men of the time.”

Such was the original estimation and professional
standing of proofreaders, and, strange as it may appear
to the majority of our present readers, even now occasion¬
ally a proofreader is expected to do everything that is
needed to make the reading-matter perfect, even to the
extent of actual rewriting after the author or editor. For
authors and editors are not always impeccable, and they
often drive ahead with full confidence that their short¬
comings will all be corrected by the reader, which is
usually prohibited in printing-offices. For general proof¬
reading is now merely an incident in trade work, and the
reader is most commonly expected only to see that the
copy is reproduced accurately and that the typography is
technically correct. In fact, the present writer, when
working in a book office, corrected some proofs on a large
book by rectifying a formal matter which frequently
appeared wrong in the hasty writing of the copy, with the
result that the operators accused him to the foreman of
editing (which it was not his place to do).

The man who probably wrote that account for the
cyclopedia was famous as Appleton’s proofreader. He was
in fact on that work what would now be called one of the
literary editors. His work was done in the editorial room,
though, and we are concerned mainly with proofreading
in the printing-office. We may take the printing-office of
the same firm as typical of the trade in its time when the
work named was in hand and for some time later.

Some years later it was when the present writer began
to work there as a typesetter. Time hands worked ten
hours a day, except proofreaders, whose day was one hour

shorter, and who were paid more than any of the others.
Proofreaders were not privileged to alter the substance
of an author’s manuscript in any way, but they were
expected to correct accidents in his grammar, to challenge
his statements when they might be wrong, and to do many
things that now are held to be purely editorial. The
proofreader then was not the mere trade worker he now is
commonly held to be, and he was honored for superior
intellectuality even by the inferior compositors who used
to rail at him behind his back and call him a faultfinder.

We still have with us the proofreader who is expected
to make all needed corrections, whether the error is in the
copy or is only a typographical accident. This reader is
subject to being called to account for leaving uncorrected
something which he might easily decide that an author or
editor, having written it, considered correct as written.
He will often meet such dubious cases, but it is one of his
special qualifications to know how to handle them. Mere
general assertions do not carry much weight, so we will
note a concrete example. In the editorial rooms of a New
York morning newspaper a proofreader is employed who
reads the proofs of special editorial and literary matter —
not current news. It is a matter of personal knowledge
to the writer that this proofreader corrects every kind of
error after it has passed through the hands of regular
editors, even to the recasting of matter written by the
chief editor when he can improve it, and that he is sup¬
posed to alter any reading that needs it. In fact, his work
is largely just what editors do with the added demand
that he shall eliminate all typographical errors.

Proofreading now is most commonly simply the regu¬
lar step in the trade work of marking for correction the
errors made by operators or compositors, occasionally
including the submission of a query to author or editor
when uncertain whether something in copy is just as it
should be or not. It is the most intellectual process of the
trade, and can not successfully be entrusted to any but
persons specially qualified, particularly those having the
“ typographical eye ” that is mentioned above. The ordi¬
nary proofreader has occasion quite frequently to make
or have made corrections of various kinds that are not
demanded as part of his regular duty, but he needs cau¬
tion and tact in deciding, for many authors are greatly
displeased by having suggestions made to them, although
they should know that this is always meant to help. Un¬
doubtedly the main duty of the ordinary trade proofreader
is the purely imitative one of verifying the proof by com¬
parison with the copy, allowing departures from copy only
when some word is misspelled therein, or when something
is plainly wrong by accident. Always with this kept
strictly as the basis of his work, the proofreader may
improve his position in many ways by faithful, consci¬
entious effort, one of the special aims being that noted
recently in an article on the subject in The Inland
Printer, ending as follows:

“ Today the reader referred to edits manuscript exclu¬
sively, while his assistant does the ordinary proofreading.
Here is a new field for the progressive proofreader. A
number of the larger printing concerns now employ ‘ edi¬
torial proofreaders,’ but as a general proposition the idea
is new. Master printers in many instances would be
pleased to know of the plan. It remains for the proof¬
readers to bring the subject before them effectively.
There are at this moment many important positions in
editing copy awaiting intelligent readers who possess bold¬
ness enough to tell the superintendents of the plants that
all copy should be edited before it is given to compositors
and machine operators.”

CAUGHT IN THE ACT.

Printed by The Henry O. Shepard Company, Chicago,
Illinois, from three-color process plates made by The
Eclipse Electrotype & Engraving Company, Cleveland,
Ohio. Ault &-Wiborg process inks used. Reproduced by
courtesy of The B. F. Goodrich Company, Akron, Ohio.

THE INLAND PRINTER

233

c~^ _ _ ^ o

PROCE55 ENGRAVING

BY S. H. HORGAN.

Processwork Preparedness When Peace Comes.

Peace must come some clay. Just contemplate a few
of the prospects for processwork when it does arrive.
Think of all the maps of the world that must be re¬
engraved; geographies that must be made over; school
histories which must be re-illustrated. Imagine all the
“ Pictorial Histories of the War,” when censorships are
removed, made from the piles of negatives now under
cover or that will be made. When the factories of the
world turn from the manufacture of destructive articles
to those that are constructive, they will require tons of
engravings to illustrate the circulars that will be required
to sell the goods, and the same can be said of the great
rush of imports. Besides this, the fluctuation in prices and
other causes have held up manufacturers’ booklets and
catalogues and these will be wanted in a hurry. Wall
street, which is usually wise to future events, shows signs
of preparations for peace this winter. It behooves process-
workers to keep their plants up to the height of efficiency
so as to be prepared for the big business - — and attendant
profits — when peace does come.

The Minimums Will Get You If You Don’t Watch Out.

The following sounds like a fable told to point a moral.
It has a moral and is founded on fact:

Once upon a time there was a concern in New York
city, with branch offices all over the United States, that
put in a photoengraving plant to do its own work. This
concern grew and grew until it was capitalized for much
over $1,000,000. Then it decided to branch out into photo¬
engraving on a large scale, with its branch offices as feed¬
ers. The engraving-plant was enlarged and sufficient men
employed to run it night and day. Business flowed in in
abundance for there was one feature which attracted
buyers of small engravings. There was no fixed minimum
price. The charge for a one-inch square zinc engraving
was five cents, and for a one-inch square copper half-tone
ten cents. Is it to be wondered at that there was a rush
to this bargain counter? After months of this price-
cutting, ruinous to the other engravers of this country, the
editor of this department, during February, 1911, appealed
to the heads of this concern to fix a minimum price on
their work for the sake of the trade, and showed how cost
systems had taught photoengravers of this country that
it was on the minimum engravings of ten square inches
and under that they had always been losing money, even
when they sold a minimum zinc at 75 cents and a minimum
copper at $1.50. It was suggested to them that if they
would fix up a minimum charge of 50 cents on a line
engraving and $1 for a minimum half-tone they would
still lose money, but they would not be working such an
injury to other engravers as they were then doing. They

replied they were grateful for the suggestion. Then they
advertised extensively: “ Copper half-tones, 10 cents per
square inch; minimum, $1. Zinc line photoengravings,
5 cents per square inch, minimum, 50 cents.” The valuable
stock of this concern dwindled until a few weeks ago this
formerly prosperous concern was obliged to sell out. They
acknowledged that they had been losing money for years
and in four months of this year had lost $16,000.

Moral: It is criminal not to know your costs and then
see to it that you make a profit, particularly if you have
stockholders depending on your business judgment.

Paintings by the Square Inch. Why Not?

The absurdity of valuing engraving, or any other art
product, by the square inch might be illustrated by Andrea
Mantegna’s painting of “Judith with the Head of Holo-
fernes,” recently purchased for an American collector for
$200,000. This does not sound like a big price for a Man¬
tegna, but, when you are told that its cost was at the rate
of $2,380 a square inch, the price seems exorbitant, as the
painting is but 7 by 12 inches in size. If paintings were
purchased at a square inch rate then a Mantegna 24 by
17% inches would cost over a million dollars, when it
might not be as valuable as the 7 by 12 inch one. The
square inch charge for engraving bears no more relation
to the skill required in its production or its value to the
customer than would a similar method of charging fix the
value of a painting. The square inch price has been a
fetish, but a thorough knowledge of costs will drive out
this superstition from the engraving business.

To Learn Newspaper Illustrating.

Many are the queries reaching this department as to
the best school to teach newspaper illustrating, the draw¬
ing of comics, cartoons, etc. The reply should be that the
best school is experience, a school that is highly recom¬
mended by all leaders of the cartoonists’ craft.

Some years ago a man came to the writer to ask advice
about leaving the position he had as editor of a newspaper
in central New York and coming to New York city to take
up drawing for a living. I was buying more drawings than
any art manager of that time, but I advised against it.
The man was Leon Barritt. He did not take my advice,
but came to New York and some years later I was glad to
buy hundreds and hundreds of cartoons from him. He had
no art schooling, but he had brains, an inborn talent and
was an industrious student. His success best illustrates
how a student with talent can learn newspaper illustrating.
And no one knows better than Leon Barritt the essentials
for a student seeking a career at newspaper illustrating.
These he has clearly described in a beautifully illustrated
book titled, “ How to Draw, a Practical Book of Instruc-

234

THE INLAND PRINTER

tion in the Art of Illustration.” Forty-four pages are
given to instruction and sixty-three pages to examples of
the work of fifty great newspaper illustrators in news
illustration, fiction illustration, cartoons and comics. The
pages are 9 by 12 inches in size, the paper is heavy coated
stock, the binding is substantial and the price is $2, post¬
age 10 cents extra. It can be had from the author, 150
Nassau street, New York, or from The Inland Printer.

Enamel Formula for Zinc Instead of Copper.

Since the use of copper for half-tone engraving has
been restrained in Great Britain much experimentation

[6] THE ECLIPSE OR AN ALMANACK

WHAT YOU GET FOR A DOLLAR

HIS is a picture story of the making of
a single minimum-size zinc etching for
which you have been paying one little insuffi¬
cient dollar.

Most customers, for a surety, have no -idea
of the steps involved from sending us the order
to receiving the plate. (The bill, usually,
comes after.) Maybe some fancy a dollar a
good stiff price, specially if some alleged cut-
pricer offers to make zinc etchings for less.

First there’s getting the order:

If you don’t send for a salesman to bring it in.
to us you send it by mail. Either way it
takes a clerk’s time in the office.

Then the copy is photographed

Educating the Customer.

has been given to the use of zinc in place of copper, and
here follows an enamel formula which has been found to
work perfectly on zinc. It is taken from Process Work:

The quantity given is only for experimental purposes,
based on the use of but one ounce of fish glue. The quan¬
tity can be increased by retaining the same proportions.

No. 1. — Fish glue, 1 ounce; water, % ounce.

No. 2. — Water, % ounce; ammonium bichromate, 40
grains; ammonium ferri citrate, 4 grains; rock candy, 12
grains; chromic acid, 2 grains; albumen (white of egg),

% ounce; glycerin, 12 drops.

Mix well and pour No. 2 into No. 1 slowly, while stir¬
ring continuously; when thoroughly mixed, add 40 drops
ammonia .880. Filter as usual through flannel or cotton
wool in vacuum bottle and let the solution stand some
hours before use. The whites of two eggs should be beaten
up to a froth and left to stand for some time until you
can measure out one-half ounce of the froth again turned
liquid. The operations for preparing the zinc, whirling
and printing, are as usual. It was found that when the
plates are prepared at least six hours before printing the
enamel still holds perfectly to the very edge of the plate.

The burning-in is also as usual. This enamel burns to a
rich and bright ebony black and is a perfect acid resistant
to any reasonable depth.

Intensity in Dry-Plate Negatives.

Ernest C. Clapham, New York, writes: “I have read
your publication for many years and now want to ask my
first question. I am an old wet-plate photographer, but
used dry plates in the days when ferrous oxylate developer
was the only one we knew. I have to use dry plates now
to copy illustrations from books in a private library. Use
hydrochinon developer, but have trouble with stain when

FOR THE MONTH OF JULY. 1017 [71

and the negative is developed

then the film is stripped off the negative and
transferred, other side down, to another glass
plate, from which

a sensitized zinc plate is printed by powerful

Another workman then prepares the zinc
plate for etching

(See following page.)

I come to intensify with mercury. I use three grains of
corrosive sublimate and one ounce of hydrochloric acid in
fifteen ounces of distilled water to intensify with, and then
blacken with water and ammonia. Do you know of any
better intensifier? One that will give black-and-white
negatives such as we get in wet plates? ”

Answer. — The trouble with all wet-plate photographers
when they come to manipulate dry plates is that they do
not give time enough to washing the negatives between
operations. Your formula for the mercury bleach, as it is
called, is correct, but try washing for twenty minutes and
see if the stains do not disappear after applying ammonia.
If you flow the plate with a weak nitric acid solution it
will hasten the washing. Or if you will use your old fer¬
rous oxylate developer instead of the ammonia you will
find you can bleach the negative over again and use the
ferrous oxylate once more. The writer prefers glycin
developer to any he has tried, if he wants to get the char¬
acter of wet-plate negatives. With proper exposure, it
gives sufficient intensity without further intensification and
is absolutely without stain. In case of overexposure you
can restrain it with potassium bromid. It is slightly more

THE INLAND PRINTER

235

1*1 THE ECU PS E OR A A f A l MA NA C K

which is done in an immensely clever apparatus
by air-sprayed acid Next

it is dusted over four times — up, down, across
and back — with dragon’s blood (a messy red
powder) and burned hard. (You'll see a
better picture of this on another page.) These
latter etching and powdering operations are
repeated three or four times to obtain proper
fineness and depth.

The partly-ready plate then goes to the
machine room

where the useless metal is routed off and the
plate cut to its finished size.

1 10] THE ECLIPSE OR AN ALMANACK

and, now ready for use, it is proofed, two proofs
going to you with the plate, one with your
bill, two or more being kept for record— all for
a dollar.

But that is not all. There

is rent, insurance, power, materials and other
costs to be reckoned with; a clerk

must make out an invoice;

and another keep account books; and if the
plate is not

FOR THE MONTH OF JULY. 1 !) 1 7 [91

Then an engraver tools it over by hand

and from him it goes to be blocked on its
wooden base

and then is squared up and trimmed to size

after which another machine planes it from
behind to exact type height

FOR THE MONTH OF JULY. 1917 [7/1

delivered by our wagon it is

sent by mail; as is the bill, which you pay when
your bookkeeper feels particularly agreeable.

All for a dollar! It’s a lot! And, if our busi¬
ness was wholly confined to minimum zincs
we’d be paying you to deal with us — you
can’t figure it out any other way.

Next time a price-cutter solicits your busi¬
ness ask him how much of this he omits or
skimps and scamps; ask what he pays for
metal; what for wages; what for rent; how
much profit he nets; whether he writes off his
equipment proportionately every year; if his
debts are paid; and if his bank will take his
note.

Illustrating the Processes Necessary to the Making of a Zinc Etching. From the House-Organ of The Eclipse Electrotype
and Engraving Company, Cleveland, Ohio. (See preceding page.)

236

THE INLAND PRINTER

expensive than hydrochinon, but it is more economical in
the end, for it keeps well and saves so many after opera¬
tions. Any dry-plate maker will supply the formula for
glycin.

Coating Paper for Silver Prints.

David Howe, Taunton, Massachusetts, writes: “What
can I use in place of demon’s matt surface paper? I am
informed there is none in the market.”

Answer.- — You undoubtedly want a salted paper to be
sensitized with silver nitrate and used for silver prints for
an artist to draw upon. If you must make such paper, you
can do it in this way: Get a smooth Saxe paper, or an
American-made substitute, and dip it in an arrowroot bath.
This bath is made as follows: Blend one-half ounce of
arrowroot in a little water until it is like a cream. Stir
this slowly into sixteen ounces of boiling water and let it
remain for a minute or so. Have ready five ounces of
water in which have been dissolved 120 grains of ammo¬
nium chlorid, 200 grains of soda carbonate crystals and
60 grains of citric acid. Stir these salts into the arrowroot
and filter the whole, while hot, through muslin and into a
tray. Draw the sheets of plain paper through this solution
and hang them up to dry, after which you can sensitize
either side with silver. If, when the paper is nearly dry,
you will draw it again through the arrowroot and hang it
up to dry the other way you will get a more even coating
and better prints. This paper will keep indefinitely.

The Words “Negative” and “Reverse ” Misused.

To standardize the terms used in processwork and
allied trades has been one of the aims of this department.
Our business had grown up rather suddenly and shop
terms came into use in one locality that would not be
understood in others. By keeping at this for nearly a
quarter century, our regular shop terms are now familiar
wherever processwork is done.

The ungrammatical use of the word “ negative ” when
“ reverse ” is meant seems difficult for lithographers to
overcome. Offset printers frequently want to get a form
of type or a picture reversed and ask for a “ negative ”
of it. This, of course, leads to misunderstanding and if
the job is made wrong a disagreement results as to who
should pay the bill for the expense entailed. A negative
print of anything shows the blacks changed to whites and
the whites to blacks. A negative print of a type form,
for instance, would show, instead of black letters on white
paper, white letters on a background printed black. What
the offset man wants is that his type or picture be reversed
so as to read from right to left instead of left to right, as
is usual. The word “ reverse ” means to turn in a con¬
trary direction. Therefore, he should order his type or
other copy “ reversed.” When he orders a negative of his
type form or picture he must not be surprised if he re¬
ceives a plate that will print white type or picture on a
black background. Should an error resulting from the
misuse of these terms bring on a disputed bill and a law¬
suit it will be found that the court will decide the case
according to the dictionary meaning of these words.

“Staging” and “Fine Etching.”

“Apprentice,” Chicago, writes: “To decide a discus¬
sion we have had in the shop, will you tell us what is the
proper name to give the finisher’s work when he paints
varnish on the copper half-tone, then puts chlorid of iron
on it with a brush and etches it in spots? Our foreman
calls it “ finishing.” I asked one finisher about it and he
called it ‘ staging’; another finisher, a Canadian, called it
* fine etching.’ Which is right? ”

Answer. — “ Finishing ” includes all the work that is
done on a half-tone after it comes from the etcher, whether
it is burnishing, engraving or etching. “ Staging ” applies
more particularly when an acid resist, such as a varnish, is
used to cover up areas of a half-tone before re-etching. It
is thus etched in “ stages.” It is a term like “ bite ” which
we inherit from the old intaglio etchers. “ Fine etching ” is
a term used abroad and could very properly be used when
re-etching is done, without staging the plate, by merely
applying the chlorid of iron to the half-tone with a brush
and soaking it up with a piece of blotter when there is dan¬
ger of the iron encroaching on an area already sufficiently
etched. “ Fine etching ” is used, for instance, in vignet¬
ting, while “ staging ” is used when it is desired to bring
an object out in contrast with a background. The object
is covered over with an acid resist, or “ staged,” so that
when the chlorid of iron is applied the object will be pro¬
tected from the action of the etching solution and only the
background will be etched. This department welcomes
queries of this kind, for it has endeavored to so standardize
the terms used in this new business of processwork that
we may all speak a common language and prevent mis¬
understandings.

Replies to a Few Queries.

“ Etcher,” Boston : The only possible advantage of
adding sugar to an enamel solution is that it develops
easier.

“ Publisher,” Cincinnati: Have your zinc plates made
by a photoengraver who uses a proper machine to etch
the plates and you will have no further trouble with shal¬
low engraving. Printers who know insist on machine-
etched plates.

“ Chemist,” Ann Arbor, Michigan : Copper chromates
and bichromates have been experimented with for process-
work, but they can not compare in efficiency with the potas¬
sium and ammonium chromates.

Joseph F. Ryan, Utica, New York: “ Marine glue ”
never contains glue. It is usually asphalt, rubber, shellac,
or pitch, consequently it can not be used in enamel.

“ Foreman,” New York city: You will find that en¬
closed arc lights will not do for carbon printing in rotary
photogravure work. You must either use open arc lamps
or mercury vapor lamps.

“ Engraving Company,” Chicago : To prevent the nitric
acid solutions from destroying the iron and lead traps
underneath sinks, it is a good plan to keep a number of
chips of a limestone-like marble piled over the drain in the
sink. These, together with a good flow of water, will help
neutralize the acid.

THE HUMAN PROJECTILE.

Wilson Mizner had a friend out West who was noted,
among other things, for his propensity for getting into
personal difficulties by virtue of a careless tongue, and
then, by virtue of an agile pair of legs, getting out of them
again with his skin intact.

This person was recounting to Mizner the story of a
row he had had with a bad man in a California mining
camp.

“ I told the big stiff what I thought of him,” he said,
“ and, with that, he yanked out an automatic and cut down
on me. I beat it out of the door then, so only one shot hit
me — hit me right here, it did.” And he patted one hip.

“ What’s the reason you aren’t lame, then? ” asked
Mizner.

“ Well, Wilson,” stated his friend, “ to tell you the
truth, I was traveling so fast that the bullet only went in
about a quarter of an inch.” — Saturday Evening Post.

THE INLAND PRINTER

237

ELECTROTYPERS SEE HANDWRITING ON
THE WALL.

HE present crisis, while having a serious
effect on business in many ways, is bring¬
ing about a condition that will eventually
prove highly beneficial to business. Leg¬
islation has been enacted — and, without
doubt, more will be enacted — and regu¬
lations are being imposed upon the vari-
’ ous industries of the country which will
demand a more detailed and accurate knowledge of busi¬
ness operations, and will necessitate greater uniformity
in methods for securing that knowledge.

This need has been foreseen by the leaders in the elec¬
trotyping field. Not only has it been foreseen, it has also
been provided for, this provision being made at the con¬
vention of the International Association of Electrotypers,
held at Detroit during the latter part of September. Rec¬
ognizing the need of greater uniformity in the methods
of accounting, and that accurate and uniform results can
not be secured from a cost-finding system without a stand¬
ardized bookkeeping system back of it, some of the leaders
in the work of the organization have advocated the adop¬
tion of a uniform method of bookkeeping which could be
applied to all electrotyping-plants. An expert accountant,
H. C. Goettsche, of Chicago, was appealed to for assis¬
tance in devising a system that would meet the require¬
ments of all plants, a system that would enable every
electrotyper to compile his records in a uniform manner.
After considerable study, a system was prepared and pre¬
sented to the Detroit convention, meeting with hearty
approval and being unanimously adopted. Already the
Chicago local has started Mr. Goettsche at work installing
the system in the plants of its members.

Thus a forward movement has been started in the allied
trades by the electrotypers. It may well be called pioneer
work, and is deserving of great credit.

It has long been a recognized fact that there is little
accurate knowledge of the actual cost of production in the
various industries of the country. Lack of standardization
in methods of accounting has made it practically impos¬
sible for the different industries to secure statistics relat¬
ing to the cost of production that may be considered
absolutely reliable. This fact was commented upon in
reports of investigations made by the Federal Trade Com¬
mission some time ago. Much of the powerful commer¬
cial influence of the German Empire has been attributed
to the fact that ninety per cent of the business institu¬
tions of that country could produce accurate cost records,
and other data regarding production, based upon uniform
methods of accounting. In the United States, according
to the findings of the Federal Trade Commission, only ten
per cent of the concerns engaged in the various industries
had cost systems and could produce anything like accurate
data regarding the cost of production. To a very large
extent — yes, almost wholly — this lack of progress in
cost-finding is due to lack of standardization in methods
of bookkeeping. In view of the demands now being made
on all industries to meet the present critical situation, this
condition can no longer exist. Uniformity in methods of
bookkeeping and cost-finding must be brought about in
each industry.

To the printing industry has been given the credit of
being the first to devise a standard, uniform system of
cost-finding which can be adapted to meet the requirements
of each plant, and which, when properly operated, will
give nearly equal results wherever it is used. The cost¬

finding system alone, however, is not sufficient. Back of
that must be uniformity in the bookkeeping system in
order to secure standardized data upon which to base the
cost-finding system.

Standardized methods do not, by any means, necessi¬
tate complication, as some are inclined to feel they do.
On the contrary, the standardization of methods works
for simplification, which is the aim of leaders in all in¬
dustries at the present time. So, while the standard sys¬
tem of bookkeeping adopted by the electrotypers will

John J. Foy.

Newly elected president of the International Association
of Electrotypers.

simplify the work for many in the industry, it will also
give them more reliable information regarding the busi¬
ness. It will give them accurate records of their business;
and, as one advocate of the system has said, “ The accurate
records of a business are to the business what an educa¬
tion is to an individual — • ready reference.”

Uniformity in bookkeeping throughout an entire indus¬
try permits all engaged in that industry to talk in the
same language.

Lack of accurate records has caused the downfall of
many business men. Failure to take into consideration all
of the factors entering into the cost of production has
caused many businesses to go into bankruptcy. One item
alone, depreciation - — • or, more properly stated, reserve for
replacement — has caused difficulty for many. One of the
statements of the Federal Trade Commission was to the
effect that very few business men take into consideration
this one item of depreciation; and, after investigation,
the commission allowed printers to figure depreciation on
machinery at the rate of ten per cent, the rate that has

238

THE INLAND PRINTER

been set and adopted as the correct figure by printing-trade
organizations.

Interest on investment, at the rate of six per cent,
should also be included as a part of the cost of production.
This has been emphasized on various occasions by different
advocates, who have stated, by way of explanation, that
if a concern should find it necessary to borrow money in
order to carry on its business it would be forced to pay
six per cent interest therefor; also, if a concern had the
same amount of money invested in good securities as it
has tied up in its plant, it would receive five or six per
cent interest on it. Why, then, should not this item be
included as a part of the cost of production? It is a
legitimate charge, and every business is rightfully entitled
to it.

If allowance for depreciation and interest on invest¬
ment, together with all other items entering into the cost
of production, are not included, owners of businesses are
misleading themselves into declaring dividends out of the
assets of their businesses instead of out of the profits.

It is the inclusion of these items in the cost of pro¬
duction that makes for success in business; and the book¬
keeping system must be so arranged that all of these items
will not only be included, but will also be properly distrib¬
uted so that each operation will bear its proportionate
share. To bring this about, and to have all in the indus¬
try working on the same basis, is the aim of the electro¬
typers who have been advocating the standard system of
bookkeeping as the basis of cost-finding.

These facts have been recognized for some time past
by some of the leading minds in the printing industry,
and the officers of the United Typothetae of America have
been working on such a system, which, it is hoped, will be
put in operation in the very near future. Credit is due
the electrotypers, however, for being the first to adopt and
institute, as a body, a standard system of bookkeeping.

The advantages to be derived from an action such as
this taken by the electrotypers are many. By no means
the least will be greater facility in securing statistics for
the Bureau of the Census. This has always caused con¬
siderable difficulty on the part of owners of plants, many
complaining that they did not have at hand the necessary
records from which to compile the required reports. Then,
too, with all in an industry using the same methods of
gathering and compiling the information regarding their
businesses, the statistics for the industry will be far more
accurate and of greater value.

Furthermore, with all of the individual plants in any
industry operating upon a uniform basis; using a stand¬
ardized system of accounting, a system which takes into
account all items connected with any operation in the in¬
dustry, and requires all to use the same classification of
items; using the same methods of placing charges against
the different departments, and the same methods of dis¬
tributing overhead, there will be far less heard about
“ ruinous competition.” Costs of operation will be more
nearly equalized in all the plants, and competition will
then be on the basis of efficiency, service and quality.

It is a significant fact that the leaders, the most suc¬
cessful men, in every line of business are those who have
employed careful methods of accounting and have adhered
strictly to those methods and been governed according to
the findings thereof. It is also significant that these men
have always been ready to give freely of their experience
for the assistance of others, recognizing the fact that each
individual in an industry benefits to the extent that the
industry as a whole is benefited. Thus it has been with
the electrotypers. Those who have worked hardest for

the adoption of the standardized method of bookkeeping
are those who have good systems in use and are making
the greatest successes of their businesses. To these men
the entire industry owes a debt of gratitude.

The views of Mr. Goettsche, who prepared the system
for the electrotypers, will be set forth in another article
in the next issue. The progress of the organization in the
work of standardizing bookkeeping in the plants of its
members will be recorded from time to time, and also the
work that is being done by the other organizations.

The officers elected to guide the destinies of the Inter¬
national Association of Electrotypers for the coming year
are: President, John J. Foy, American Electrotype Com¬
pany, Chicago; first vice-president, Edwin Flower, of
Edwin Flower, Incorporated, New York city; second vice-
president, C. J. Hirt, Rapid Electrotype Company, Toronto;
secretary-treasurer, William T. Timmons, Lead Mould
Electrotype Foundry, New York city; statistician, August
D. Robrahn, 848 Transportation building, Chicago.

Patriotic Wall-Card.

By the Corday & Gross Company, Cleveland. Ohio. Original in
pleasing and harmonious colors.

The careful compositor will not only avoid the use of
bent leads and battered quads, but he will consider it his
duty to destroy such material so that it will not be used
by any one else. Perfect alignment can not be secured
with a bent or dirty lead in a form, nor can there be accu¬
rate justification where even the smallest space or quad
is battered or jammed.

THE INLAND PRINTER

239

MACHINE COMPOSITION

BY E. M. KEATING.

The experiences of composing-machine operators, machinists and users are solicited, with the object of the widest possible dissemination of

knowledge concerning the best methods of getting results.

Lower Distributor Screw Is Out of Time.

A West Virginia operator writes: “We recently re¬
ceived a new set of distributor screws from the factory
for our Model 3 machine, and there were no marks of
any kind on them to indicate how they should be set. The
new screws are in the machine, but are not working as
they should. The bottom of the matrix on front screws
seems to be just a little ahead of the other edge or back.
The matrices are not cutting now, but did for a while
after new screws were put in.”

Answer. — From your statement, we believe the only
thing you need to do is to time the lower screw with the
one above it. This can be done without much trouble.
Remove distributor-clutch pulley and turn the upper and
lower front screws so their points are in the same rela¬
tive position. In other words, the beginning of each of
the screw threads on the left-hand side from front of the
machine must be relatively in the same position, so that
when the threads engage the matrix ears the matrix will
move along at all points alike. When the screw-thread
points of the front screws are in proper position, place
gear of the clutch pulley in mesh with the two front
screw gears and connect other parts; then run in one
capital-letter matrix by hand and turn the screws, noting
how the matrix hangs. It should be right if you have
done the foregoing correctly.

Bending of Spacebands.

An Iowa publisher writes, enclosing a bent spaceband:
“We are having some trouble with our machine bending
spacebands and will thank you very much if you can
help us out of our trouble. I am sending you under sep¬
arate cover one of the bands. This trouble occurs only
when we use from one to three bands to a line — espe¬
cially if the line is tight, or nearly so. They bend some¬
times when they are driven as much as a quarter of an
inch. The automatic stop is working all right. I recently
replaced the screws in the block on top of the justification
lever and also the justification-bar brace, which was worn
in the slot in which the screw works at its upper end. I
am inclined to believe the justification springs are too
tight, as they have been tightened at various times. Is
there any test for determining the stress of these? The
one on the right-hand side seems to be set tighter, the
threaded space measuring 1% inches on the center rod,
while it is 2% inches on the left-hand side, next to the
drive wheels. The lock-up seems to be “ O. K.” The
machine is a Model 5, high-base model. We are bending
two or three spacebands a week, and would appreciate very
much a solution of our trouble.”

Answer. — The bending of spacebands when used in a
line as you have described may be prevented by placing a

washer about six points thick in the upper end of the
justification brace-rod. This will cause the justification
block to rise in a horizontal position on its first upward
movement, instead of sloping as previously. After placing
a washer in the position designated, try a full line with
but one spaceband and observe its action. We believe it
will correct your trouble. We would not advise the chang¬
ing of the spring stress on the right-hand justification
spring unless other means fail.

Increasing Speed on the Linotype.

A Texas operator writes: “I was particularly inter¬
ested in an article on ‘ Increasing Speed,’ which recently
appeared in The Inland Printer. I have profited to
some extent from it already, but wish to know more about
where I stand regarding speed. After four or five months
of an average of four or five days a week at the machine,
I am setting only about seven galleys leaded 8-point
in a good day’s run, and when I have no machine trouble.
Among other mistakes I made in the beginning, I acquired
the habit of glancing from copy to keyboard. Have been
told by an old hand at the game that I must get out of
this habit if I want to become any kind of an operator
at all. I find it so hard to break off this habit and keep
up speed at the same time (which is more than satisfac¬
tory now) , I wish you would tell me whether it is neces¬
sary for me to bother about changing method, and if so,
how to go about it. If you think I had best change to
system of ‘ Correct Keyboard Fingering,’ please advise
me how to obtain this book. Also please advise if it is
absolutely necessary for me to acquire the touch system.”

Answer. — If you can set seven galleys and have good
proofs you are doing very well, considering the time you
have been at the machine. Do not hasten or try to force
yourself to look away from the keys. This will come along
naturally. One of the best methods you can employ to
secure the so-called “ touch system ” of operating is to
read but one or two words at a time as you operate, look¬
ing back and forth at the copy. If you persistently con¬
tinue this method for a while you will note a gradual
increase in speed, together with a decrease in number of
errors. We know of many operators who have profited
by following the foregoing plan, although at first it seemed
a difficult method to adopt. Try it for a while. Read but
one or two words at a time and allow your eyes to go
back and forth from keys to copy. Do not give up because
it seems hard to acquire — persist, and speed and correct¬
ness will be yours. If you already use all of your fingers
and are beginning to use them freely, do not change your
present method. It may be of advantage to you to have
the booklet entitled “ Correct Keyboard Fingering.” You
can secure it from The Inland Printer, price, 50 cents.

240

THE INLAND PRINTER

Aim to sit erect at the keyboard. Do not lean against
the back of the chair, nor sit in a lounging position. You
can gage the correct distance by placing your thumbs on
the lower row of keys. Your elbows should then be in line
with the side seam of your trousers.

Matrices Bent in the Distributor Box.

A South Dakota operator submits a matrix with its
upper front ear bent. His letter reads: “ I would like to
know the cause for the condition of the matrix enclosed.
Some nights I have as many as eight or ten matrices, both
thick and thin, bent in this fashion, and then for a con¬
siderable time none at all. The sheared or damaged place
on the inside ear was not done at this time. That was
done in the distributor box at the time the entire font
was first run into the magazine.”

Answer. — The trouble may be due to the lift not rais¬
ing the matrices high enough to clear the top rails. We
suggest that you observe how high the matrix is raised
by lift above the face of top rails. This can be done by
sending in a line of figures, and, as lift operates, examine
the clearance above top rail. If it is less than two points,
you can correct it by adjusting the lift. Proceed in this
manner: (1) Loosen nut and turn out on the adjusting

screw. (2) Send in a line of figures and then turn in
slowly on the adjusting screw. When you note that the
lift is picking up the matrices, stop turning the screw and
tighten the lock nut. (3) Now send in a line of periods,
commas, quotes, “ i ” and “ 1 ” characters. As these mat¬
rices are raised by the lift, observe if any are caught, or
if two are raised at once.

Metal Splashes from Obscure Cause.

An Indiana operator writes: “ I am operating a ma¬
chine having 8, 10, 14, 18 and 24 point matrices. The
water-cooled disk has four molds and the pot is heated
by electric current. I would like to have you help and
advise me on a few things. (1) The machine back-squirts
at intervals of perhaps every dozen lines, and it is neces¬
sary to wipe off the mouthpiece frequently. It is not quite
so bad on long measures. It seems that the mouthpiece
has a low spot about 12 ems from the right side, but I
am not sure. Nearly all the slugs have a slick bottom.
(2) I have a great amount of difficulty in getting a clear
face on 26x/2-em, 32-point slugs. (3) What do high, me¬
dium and low signify on the electric pot switch? Is it
necessary to keep changing these all day just because I
have a large variety of slug measurements? Is the scale
under the glass front of the pot intended to begin and
end with any specified degree of heat? Should the lead
screw be adjusted frequently? ”

Answer. — The trouble caused by metal splashes may
be due to imperfect lock-up of pot mouthpiece to mold.
It is advisable to test lock-up of pot mouthpiece with the
mold that gives the most trouble. You may proceed to
test as follows: (1) Open vise and draw forward on mold
disk, wipe mouthpiece free of metal and scrape back of
the mold with a piece of sharp brass rule. (2) Place a
thin coating of red ink on the back of the mold, and after
closing the vise allow the cams to revolve twice. Examine
impression on pot mouthpiece, as this will indicate the
condition of the lock-up. If the test shows a low place in
the center of the mouthpiece, it indicates the possible need
of a truing up of mouthpiece. This requires considerable
care and the skilful use of a good flat file. In dressing
down, hold the file at right angles to the mouthpiece.
It should be drawn back and forth over the surface to
be cut down. After each treatment, you should wipe off

mouthpiece and repeat test. If the test shows a strong
lock-up on one end and a weak showing on the opposite
end, it can be corrected by moving the pot leg forward
on the end showing weak. Examine the screws on each
pot leg. To move forward, you must loosen back nut and
screw, and then turn in on the front screw. Following a
change of leg-adjusting screws, you should again test as
described before. The terms high, medium and low refer
to the intensity of current employed in the throat coil.
Use the switch marked “ high,” “ medium ” and “ low ”
during the casting of the various sized slugs; “high”
being used for the smaller faces, such as nonpareil. The
scale under the glass is the governor indicator. This is
set while there is a thermometer in the pot, and when it
gives a showing of about 540 degrees during a day’s run,
there is usually no further need of adjusting. We would
advise you against changing the governor. As a rule,
electric metal-pots give little or no trouble from heat, no
matter what size slug is being cast. Guard against experi¬
menting with the adjustments. It may be possible that
your voltage is irregular, which will cause you some
trouble. We suggest that you have an electrician take
a voltage reading on the line close to the metal-pot for
twenty-four hours to determine the variations of current.

Imperfect Alignment of Vertical Rules.

An Illinois operator submits a proof of a blank in
which vertical machine rule is used with hyphen leaders.
The leader lines are separated by a blank slug carrying
vertical rules in position to exactly match those on the
hyphen leader lines. The alignment is good on the two
outside vertical lines, but is a trifle out on the other three
vertical lines. While the slugs appear to show the use of
quads in numbers equal to the leaders, yet a different align¬
ment appears on the vertical lines. This may be due to
unequal expansion of the quads during recasting. The
operator’s letter is as follows: “I am sending you two
slugs and a proof to ask you the reason why the vertical
lines do not line up. These slugs were set without space-
bands and, as you can see, the same number of characters
were in each one, yet there is a variation of at least as
much as the thickness of a thin space. Our machine has
an adjusting bushing and collar for the left-hand vise-jaw
that is not on the older machines on which I have worked.
We were having a little overhang, about two points, on the
left side of the slug, so we turned the bushing (E-582)
about a third of a turn toward the right. This stopped the
overhang, but the vertical rules are as bad as ever. Gen¬
erally on this kind of work, where there are leader lines
and blank lines, both having vertical rules in them, I
assemble the leaders on the upper rail, cast as many leader
lines as I want, then, without unlocking the transfer, I
change the recasting block so that the matrices drop to the
lower rail when the first elevator is in highest position.
Then I can go on with the same matrices and cast all the
blank lines I want, and the vertical rules are bound to line
up. On this job, though, there were not enough matrices
to set thirty ems all on the same rail, so I could not do
this, and had to reset the line for blanks. Why doesn’t the
same amount of space act the same in both lines? I finally
had to set the lines fifteen ems and butt the slugs, setting
them as I have stated, and they line up perfectly.”

Answer. — The cause of the trouble is obscure. A meas¬
urement of some of the quads with a micrometer might
show a slight variation in thickness, as compared with the
leaders, and a very slight variation on a few quads would
be sufficient to cause the trouble. We could not give a
definite reply without having the matrices to examine.

THE INLAND PRINTER

241

BY J. C. MORRISON.

DO COMMISSIONS TAKE THE PROFIT ?

Alfred F. Isham, of the Brighton (Colo.) Blade, who
has the knack of asking searching queries worthy of most
careful consideration, wants to know whether the commis¬
sions to advertising agencies take the profits out of for¬
eign advertising. In a recent letter, he says:

Is it possible that a country publisher would lose money or receive next
to no profit in some instances by adopting a scale of foreign advertising
identical with that recommended by the National Editorial Association,
detailed in your issue of June?

In general, I agree that a large share of publishers would throw up their
hats in delight to obtain those figures from all advertisers, and, according
to my own figures, they appear about right.

Therefore, let me explain that I refer to the allowance of commissions.

What percentage of profit is allowed the publisher under the recom¬
mendation of Mr. Tomlinson’s committee? If the percentage is the same
as that which I understand was adopted by the Minnesota committee
(detailed in a recent number of the United Typothetse Bulletin and pre¬
viously published elsewhere), namely, 25 per cent of the cost of space, or
20 per cent of the selling price, what becomes of the profits by paying an
advertising agency 15 per cent? That leaves the publisher a profit of 5
per cent on his display — the part of his newspaper which is supposed to
yield profits if any part does.

And in the article by Mr. Morrison (June) on page 388, mention is
made of agency commissions up to 30 per cent, half of which 30 per cent
may be understood to go to a paper's special representative. In this case
of giving 30 per cent, of what value is a special representative if a pub¬
lisher must lose 10 per cent on all business he sends in ?

Please understand that I do not say the method of the national asso¬
ciation committee failed to take account of this, but I do not see it stated
definitely what percentage on space may be considered profit, provided
the business comes direct, with no agency commissions.

If we are going to get these figures down to an argument over cents,
we must be sure to include every possible expense.

Yours for profits or no advertising,

Alfred F. Isham.

As before stated, the schedule of advertising rates
proposed by the advertising committee of the National
Editorial Association was the result of a series of com¬
promises, and it can not therefore be said that those
schedules carry any certain per cent of profit, though the
committee believes that they will be compensatory in most
instances. It is entirely possible, however, and, in fact,
practically certain, that the schedule will in some instances
not be profitable; but it is also certain that in some in¬
stances local display rates averaging the same will not
be profitable, even though the local rate is apparently net,
while the foreign rate is gross.

Commissions, either to the general agent or to the spe¬
cial agent, or to both, are an expense to be charged against
the newspaper, and, if a further distribution of costs be
made, should be assigned to the advertising expense, or
to a further subdivision of foreign advertising expense.
Newspaper accounting is not generally carried to any such
detail, but, whether or no, the main point should not be
2-7

lost sight of — that commissions are one of the expenses
of the business, and should be charged as such. If an
advertising agent remits $8.50 on a $10 contract, then the
advertising should be credited with $10, and cash debited
$8.50 and newspaper expense or advertising expense deb¬
ited $1.50. If the remittance comes from a special agent
receiving a 30 per cent commission, then $7 should be
charged to cash, $3 to newspaper or advertising expense,
and $10 credited to advertising. I am quite sure that this
is not the general practice, for many publishers take
account only of the net amount received, regarding the
commission as a reduction of rate, and are quite oblivious
of the fact that the home advertising, which they regard
as net, also has to bear the cost of soliciting, prepara¬
tion, etc.

As a digression, I will say that agency commissions
have been improperly used to beat down rates, but that
is another story and not germane to a discussion of legiti¬
mate commissions.

Local Display Advertising Costs to Sell.

Local display advertising must also bear its selling
expense. Taking into account the cost of the time spent
regularly by the publisher himself, the local editor, or the
advertising solicitor, in preparing and soliciting local dis¬
play advertising, the occasional bad accounts, the cost of
maintaining reciprocal business relations on a satisfactory
basis, the dues and donations and public demands in which
the publisher must stand with his patrons, I am quite sure
that the selling expense of local display advertising
amounts to about 15 per cent with the average run of
papers. It is true that some publishers spend very little
time with their home advertisers, but such publishers usu¬
ally have a poor advertising patronage at a low rate, and
the 15 per cent would not amount to more than $200 or
$300 during the year, and certainly very few publishers
spend less than that in time and money. On the other
hand, take the analysis of the cost of one of the best con¬
ducted newspapers in the country, that of the Owatonna
(Minn.) Journal-Chronicle, as presented by Mr. E. K.
Whiting in The Inland Printer for September, and we
find that the expense of the advertising solicitor was
$954.16. This amount, charged against the home display
advertising of something over $6,000, shows a direct sell¬
ing expense of about 16 per cent. Examination of the
costs of my own newspaper shows that the selling expense
that may properly be charged against the home display
advertising amounts to about 17 per cent, and I am satis¬
fied that somewhere • slightly above or slightly below 15
per cent is the usual selling expense of the home display
advertising for the average country weekly.

242

THE INLAND PRINTER

But Promoting Business Costs More.

It will be readily granted by every reader that, while
the general run of business may be handled at 15 per
cent, yet, if an attempt be made to increase the business,
additional expense must be incurred, and that this addi¬
tional expense will for a time raise the percentage of
selling cost — until the new volume of business is thor¬
oughly established. Just that has been my own experience,
and because I believe it to be general in its application, I
cite it. By going back a number of years, I find that at
that time the selling expense was approximately 17 per
cent. Having determined to increase the business, I under¬
took the additional expense of a solicitor, and that year
the selling expense rose to 22 per cent, but the next year
it dropped back to 17 per cent — the volume of display
advertising having become established at a higher level.
Incidentally, there are thousands of publishers to whom
I would commend this promotion expense — or, rather, pro¬
motion investment — in order to establish advertising pat¬
ronage at a proper level. Too many publishers are saving
the expense of an advertising solicitor and losing thereby.
A good advertising solicitor will not only increase the busi¬
ness of the newspaper, but also increase the business of
the merchants, and give the town the name of being a
“ good town.”

Getting to the Main Question.

Having established, therefore, that the selling of home
display advertising costs about 15 per cent, it would there¬
fore appear that the advertising agent legitimately earns
15 per cent commission when he prepares and sells adver¬
tising for the publisher. And to take the cost view of the
case, the publisher will find that it is immaterial to him
whether he pays his local salesman 15 per cent for selling
home advertising or pays the advertising agent 15 per
cent for selling foreign advertising. When we say that
display advertising in a country weekly costs 15 cents per
inch on the average, that means, of course, that some
advertising costs less than 15 cents and some more than
15 cents. If a division were made between home and for¬
eign advertising, foreign advertising would have little
expense to bear besides that of the white space. The for¬
eign advertising should certainly not be charged with any
part of the expense of the home advertising solicitor. On
a paper having an average cost of only 15 cents, the cost
of white space without composition and without selling
expense is probably about 10 cents. For such a paper the
advertising committee schedule would yield a small profit.
The same line of reasoning applies where the average cost
is 20 cents or any other amount.

But foreign advertising in the country press will never
attain the value that it should unless the publishers are
willing to undertake the expense of promotion, and, as I
have heretofore shown as regards the development of home
advertising, this promotion expense will run up the aver¬
age cost of selling home advertising to 22 per cent or more
on the whole volume, meaning that the new advertising
may cost 30 per cent to obtain. Foreign advertising is
promoted through the special agent, and this costs the
publisher a commission of 30 per cent. But this does not
mean that foreign business will always cost 30 per cent.
The work of the special agent produces business which will
come to the publisher direct; it also results in accounts
which at first carry 30 per cent, being reordered with
only a 15 per cent commission, and it is building up to a
larger volume the foreign advertising patronage.

As to the matter of cost, I believe that foreign adver¬
tising carrying a commission of 30 per cent will yield

only the smallest margin of profit, if any, but that the
difference between 15 per cent and 30 per cent represents
an investment which the publisher is making in promotion
that will return to him many fold in the years to come,
just as the expense for a solicitor for home advertising
will increase his selling expense at first, but in due time
will raise the amount of business done to a higher level.

Special Agent Should be Bona Fide.

But nothing herein stated is for the purpose of excus¬
ing the conduct of those “ special agents ” who have sought
to wish themselves on the publishers of the country, or of
those general agents who have demanded a 30 per cent
commission just as so much extra compensation, nor to
palliate the offense of those publishers who have allowed
30 per cent commission to those not entitled to receive it.
Some flagrant cases of this kind have come to my notice
lately. Two of the largest agencies in the East have
claimed 30 per cent commission from all publishers who
pay 30 per cent to a special agent, and persist in their
demands until convinced that the publisher will not yield.
Another method employed by a general agent in the North¬
west has been to erect a special agency under another
name, and turn the business through this special agency
and exact — or seek to exact — the 30 per cent commission.

No agency should be entitled to the 30 per cent com¬
mission given to a special agency unless it actually is a
special agency, and a special agent is one who works
exclusively for one publication, or class or association of
publications — an agency which has been erected and main¬
tained at the instance of the publishers themselves — and
not an agent who seeks to saddle his 30 per cent commis¬
sion on the publishers without performing any promotion
service whatever.

The only exception is the American Press Association
advertising department. It is not a publishers’ but a
private organization. I hold no brief for the American
Press Association, but it is only justice to say that this
association has adhered strictly to the special agency idea,
and has justified its recognition as a special agent for
country papers by the efforts which it has extended on
their behalf in seeking to direct advertising appropria¬
tions into this channel. It does for the country newspaper
what other special agencies do for the farm papers, trade
papers, and other classes of publications. It does work
which, in some States, has been successfully undertaken by
the state association or by select associations, as before
outlined in this department. So long as the American
Press Association performs this special promotion service
for the country press it is earning its commission as a
special agency, but every attempt of a general agent to
lay claim to a 30 per cent commission or to erect a sub¬
sidiary “ special agency ” should be emphatically denied.

The publisher who grants the 30 per cent commission
improperly is not only doing himself injury, but hurting'
the whole fraternity, and again giving force to that oft-
repeated charge that the advertising rates of country
papers are so unstable that no self-respecting agency can
do business with them. That charge appeared to be
pretty well disproved until the unscrupulous general agent
thought of ‘this new line of attack through the “special
agency ” subsidiary to his own.

The granting of an improper 30 per cent commission
does not promote business. It destroys it.

Rates Based on Cost.

There are a couple of other questions besides this ques¬
tion of the cost of solicitation contained in Mr. Isham’s

THE INLAND PRINTER

243

inquiry, and these questions he restates in a subsequent
letter. He says :

If this proposal of rates by the national association is merely a “ result
of a series of compromises,” as you say, then that really kills the whole
thing. The only logical way of making a charge which you can stick by,
is to show the buyer that this is a definite percentage of profit added to
cost. So long as it is true that most country newspaper men do not know
the cost of their white space and of composition per inch, there is the
more necessity that any rate put forward by the national association
should be based on actual figures from newspapers that show costs.

The Advertising Committee of the National Association
made no separate investigation of costs, but had the bene¬
fit of the findings of the Minnesota Committee and other
publishers who have studied the question. Mr. Isham
never said a truer thing than when he says that adver¬
tising rates should be based on cost, but he is entirely
wrong in thinking that any considerable number of coun¬
try publishers will actually accept that statement and act
accordingly. If the standardization of advertising rates
must wait upon the convincing of country publishers that
they must find their costs and then put into effect rates
based on costs, the consequence will be that rates will
never be standardized.

There is a vast difference between dealing with pub¬
lishers individually and dealing with them in the bulk.
I may advise Mr. Isham to base his advertising rates on
his costs, and, being a progressive publisher, he does so,
but the country publisher in the bulk cries out (and I
have heard it hundreds of times), “ We can’t bother with
all that; give us your conclusions.” The national associa¬
tion schedule is the answer to the country-wide demand
for “ conclusions,” but a little cost system in one’s own
office beats all the “ conclusions ” that any committee can
give to a publisher.

With a similar complaint, another friend wrote me
recently:

I have long felt that you were establishing a bad precedent in advo¬
cating schedules based upon what you term compromises. . . . Great

harm is done to the work of those of us who write and talk upon the
subject from the standpoint of actual cost records. The country publisher,
heaven knows, has little or no backbone, and this deficiency, supported
by an absolute lack of cost knowledge, leads the country publisher to
accept the compromise costs as a standard from which he retreats by the
statement that it does not cost him anywhere near that amount and so
he will charge so and so. My contention is that the trade press and your¬
self should stand squarely behind what actual cost data can be secured
and hold that ever as a standard of cost and thus assist in educating the
country publisher up to the point where he must reach if he is to exist
any great length of time.

I like this decided stand, and yet the stubborn fact
remains that the majority of country publishers will not
study and determine their own costs. But many — very
many — will accept “ conclusions ” and “ compromises,”
and, as a result thereof, the rates of many papers with
which I am familiar have been doubled within the past
five years and a fair degree of prosperity has come to
printers who did not have it before. Welcome the day
when every newspaper man will study his own costs and
make his own rates accordingly, but since the whole craft
is interested in standardization of rates, that standardiza¬
tion can only be brought about by the promulgation of
general schedules that fit average conditions.

Costs Based on Annual Average.

Another question restated by Mr. Isham:

Suppose I should receive a large bulk of foreign advertising during
some year, based on the previous year costs, and should deduct 15 per cent
for commissions. I believe only the large amount of business which I
might be doing would save me from losing money. Perhaps the foreign
advertising with 15 per cent commission, and certainly that with 30 per
cent, would have been sold on a cost basis which did not include any con¬
siderable sum in the discount expense item of the previous year.

Mr. Isham fears that he might take foreign advertising
upon an unprofitable basis one year because of the fact
that his costs were based upon the figures of the preced¬
ing year, but the rule of averages comes to his assistance.
In shops using a cost system, the pricing of jobwork is
done on an arbitrary cost based upon the preceding yearly
costs. This arbitrary should be governed by the perpetual
yearly average. The same should be true of newspaper
costs. They should be handled just the same as job costs,
and in that way have a perpetual yearly average. In this
way there is no chance of going widely wrong and jeopar¬
dizing the profit.

REVIEW OF NEWSPAPERS AND ADVERTISEMENTS.

BY J. L. FRAZIER.

S. L. Bozani, Raleigh, North Carolina. — Your composition is above
reproach, all the advertisements sent us being nicely arranged, effectively
displayed and set in type of such character and in such way as to be emi¬
nently readable. We consider the time made on the Boylan-Pearce page
remarkable.

T. H. Stark, Louisville, Kentucky. — In so far as construction of let¬
ters and general effect are concerned, the hand-lettering on your advertise-

THIS SIGN CHANGES DAILY

SENTINEL AD SERVICE Tf*

A Speed Capacity, Due to Lack of Vibration,
Which Has Broken All Stock Car Records.

THE HUDSON SUPER-SIX

THE MOTOR CO.. STATE DISTRIBUTORS

_ WINSTON-SALEM. N. C.

We generally discourage attempts to create sign-boards, bridges, boxes,
etc., with rule, but “ Sentinel Ad Service ” and “ This sign changes
daily ” tend to save the situation here. In other words, you might say,
“ there's an idea behind it.”

ment is good. The character of the lettering, however, is not such as to
make comprehension, through ease of reading, so clear as plainer, more
conventional letters would.

The Fresno Herald, Fresno, California. — The automobile section of
your issue of September 25, made possible by the Seventh Annual Auto¬
mobile Show, is an excellent example of newspaper enterprise, and, from
a mechanical standpoint, is handled in fine style. In fact, the Herald is
an exceptionally fine paper in every respect.

The Inland Printer is gratified over the receipt of the Second Annual
Fair Edition of the Ogallala Tribune, from Ogallala, Nebraska. The first
section is effectively printed in two colors, red and black, the advertise¬
ments in which some of the display lines are printed in red being very
effective. Advertisements are well arranged and displayed, and presswork
is good.

Dwight Star and Herald, Dwight, Illinois. — An admirably printed
paper, excellent in every other way as well. The “ spotty ” linotype bor¬
ders do not harmonize with the type used in the advertisements, and we
suggest the use of plain-rule borders. Slides for these may be obtained
from the linotype company for casting in the same lengths as those you
are using.

The Prescott Argus, Prescott, Iowa. — We admire your paper very
much. Furthermore, you need make no apologies for your press, as the
presswork is far and away better than the average. A little too much
ink was carried on the copies sent us and some of the slugs appear to be
imperfectly cast, which, of course, has its effect on presswork. All in all,
you have much to feel proud of.

We are indebted to Emil Held, a member of the staff of the Sapulpa
(Okla. ) Herald, for a copy of an excellent special edition recently issued

244

THE INLAND PRINTER

by that publication. It is interestingly edited, well filled with good adver¬
tising and is illustrated with half-tone pictures to an extent which will
cause it to be prized and retained for years by most present and past
citizens. Unfortunately, presswork is not what it ought to be, the con¬
tributing causes being uncertain at this distance.

New Richland Star, New Richland, Minnesota. — We admire the
make-up of your paper, the news-headings, the character of the news
and its handling, and the excellence of the display advertising, but can
not understand why you will use the present product of your typecasting

This is Number 13 of the Karagheusian Suggestions

fugs of Persian Beauty

Persia! — what rugs of wondrous beauty have hailed of thee!

The Orient seems to have some quality that makes for heautiful
floor fabrics more surely than the West.

And fven in America today our most beautiful Wiltons, such as
the Herati, or the Shah-Abbas, are conceived by the imagination of
transplanted Orientals —

f\aragkeusian

OF NEW YORK

Prom this maker’s line we have selected such rugs as will bring
exclamations to your lips

The deep colors! — the symbolic designs! — the lustrous surface!

— the fine weave! — but. enough, what are words where these rugs
arc concerned'1

A sight of them ts the thing

Dealer’s Name

Dealer’s Address

One of a series of advertisements designed and composed by The
Marchbanks Press, New York city, for a rug manufacturer. The char¬
acterful appearance is representative of the entire series, the object being
to give the advertiser a distinctive treatment in whatever paper his
publicity may appeal-.

machine. The lines are full of burrs and the letters are badly out of
alignment. Reading such matter is trying to the eyes.

The “ Sixty-first Anniversary Edition ” of the Stillwater (Minn.)
Messenger is chock full of effectively displayed and well-arranged adver¬
tising. It is nicely printed, most of the pages are well made up, and it
appears to be ably edited, although the large amount of advertising and
the large size of body-type used make it appear that there is hardly as
much reading-matter as there should be. The first and last pages of the
issue were printed in brown ink, in order to “ lend color ” to the edition.

Oconto County Enterprise, Oconto, Wisconsin. — -We admire the good
presswork by which your paper is characterized. Would suggest the
elimination of first-page advertising. The make-up of the first page is
very good, although in your September 7 issue you have placed a large
heading nearer the bottom of the page than we like to see it. Adver¬
tisements are satisfactorily arranged and displayed, and could be mate¬
rially improved only by the use of one modern display letter.

The Bayard Transcript, Bayard, Nebraska. — • Your paper is excellent
in every way. We admire particularly the clean presswork and the orderly
arrangement of the well-displayed advertisements. On one page we note
that you have made up the group of reading-matter in the upper right-
hand corner of the page, which is not consistent with the pyramid make-up
employed on the other inside pages, and which is better because it is more
convenient for the reader and would be consistent. The full-page adver¬
tisement for Hanna’s Cash Store appearing in this particular edition
would be better if smaller type had been used, for, as set, it appears
crowded and uninteresting.

The Twin Valley Times, Twin Valley. Minnesota. — -Presswork is very
good on the copy of your paper sent us for review. The first page news-
headings are a little blunt, and for that reason — and for the sake of
improved appearance — we suggest that you add subordinate decks thereto.
In the few advertisements appearing in that issue a tendency is shown
toward excess use of rules, which weaken the prominence of the type
and make them more difficult to read that they would be without. The
professional cards are crowded, and, therefore, are not as legible or pleas¬
ing as they would be had smaller type, more white space and a more
orderly arrangement been employed.

The Lyons County News, George, Iowa. — Presswork on your Septem¬
ber 13 issue is clean and could only be improved by a little more ink.
The second deck on your top-headings is set in too large type, and, as a
consequence, the prominence of the main lines is handicapped because of
lack of sufficient contrast. We do not like to see the last column of the
first page without a heading, for, without it, the symmetry in the page is
lost. Most of the advertisements ai-e well arranged in a simple style
which makes them pleasing, readable and forceful. The large display
for Martin Brothers in the issue stated would be much better if smaller
type had been used, resulting in a greater amount of white space.

Gas City Journal, Gas City, Indiana. — Youi's is an excellent paper in
every way. We consider the first page news-headings a little too large,
both for the size of the paper and the character of the news. This fault
would be overcome and the appearance also improved if the main deck
were of two instead of three lines and if the third deck were of a single
line instead of two lines, arranged drop-line fashion. Try this for just
one issue so that you will be entirely satisfied with the change — or with
the headings as they are being set. Advertisements are well arranged
and displayed. We would suggest the adoption of the pyramid style of
make-up for inside pages, which has been described in previous issues.

The “ Special Illustrated Edition ” of the Otero County News, Alamo¬
gordo, New Mexico, was printed on smooth book-stock and the half-tone
illustrations showing scenes of local interest, prominent men and the
homes of citizens, show up well. We do not admire the breaks in the
boxed headings. The idea responsible for failure to make the borders
continuous was that, broken, the relationship between heading and story
would be closer, but such is not the case. The large decorative borders,
“ flame ” and “ ball ” style, because of their great prominence and attrac¬
tive force, handicap the display of the type and make the advertisements
ineffective. Your display type is antiquated and unattractive, and con¬
sequently exerts an influence against the appearance of the display.

The Central Canadian, Carleton Place, Ontario. — Your paper is a
good one in almost every particular. We do not admire the fancy head-
letter used for the larger head-lines. Plain block-letters, without serifs,
are most legible and supply all that can be desired for the purpose.
Presswork is quite satisfactory, but advertisements are not consistent
in quality. A tendency often seen is that of crowding, using larger sizes
of type than are necessary, especially for the lines of minor importance
and for text. Appearance and display are both heightened when white
space is allowed to play its part in lending contrast to the type. We
would prefer a consistent use of plain rule for borders, and, considering
the fact that few of your advertisements are large, would suggest that
four-point rules be adopted as standard. The appearance of a paper is
much better when one style of border, and, as far as practicable, when a
single series of display type is used.

Douglas Enterprise, Douglas, Wyoming. — Your issue of August 14 is
a “ hummer.” Presswork is all that could be desired and the advertise¬
ments are nicely displayed and are arranged in a pleasing and effective
way. The only fault of consequence in them is the use of condensed,
regular and extended letters in the same advertisements. Take the Merritt
advertisement on the first page, which, by the way, should not be there :
The heading is in extra-condensed block-letter, whereas the signature line
is set in extended Cheltenham Bold. The diversity of form here empha¬
sized is very displeasing to the eye. Do you realize also that condensed
type is smaller than extended type of the same point body ? It is con¬
siderably so, and you can demonstrate the point to your own satisfaction
by comparison of faces in your equipment. The point is here made so
that when setting the heading in condensed type you will be sure to set
the signature, if you set it in extended type, several sizes smaller, or, in
addition to the ill effect caused by the difference of shape, you will have
the added bad effect which is apparent when the bottom of an advertise¬
ment is set in larger type than the top.

THE INLAND PRINTER

245

Written for The Inland Printer.

IRA D. HURLBUT, EDITOR, PRINTER, INVENTOR.

BY 0. BYRON COPPER.

ECAUSE he was once the editor and pub¬
lisher of a country newspaper, every one
of his acquaintances will not agree with all
that I am about to write of my subject, for
country-newspaper makers, if they perform
half their duty, make enemies; and one’s
enemies are seldom willing to grant that
one has virtues. Ira D. Hurlbut, as the
erstwhile publisher of the defunct Prairie du Chien (Wis.)
Union, probably has a lot of enemies, and possibly a few
friends. A genius is apt to have both, and Ira Hurlbut
is a genius, pure and simple. The most remarkable phase
of his genius is its wonderful versatility. He excels in all
branches of the varied printing business, and in many
things outside of that business.

It was only the other day that Col. 0. G. Munson, pub¬
lisher of Viroqua’s great paper, the Vernon County Censor,
said to me: “ Of all the extraordinary men in our calling,
within my acquaintance, Brother Ira Hurlbut, of the
Prairie du Chien Union, has by far the greatest variety
of talents.” And, I attest, it is certainly so.

Before I proceed further I want it understood that this
is not an obituary, but merely a little story about a live
man and of some of the remarkable things he has done and
is still doing. As such, it is not necessary for me to refer
to history for dry dates, nor turn to musty family records.
All that I shall write is from personal observation, and
true, to the best of my knowledge and belief.

My grandsire, who was known as “ The Pioneer Poet
of Crawford County,” in a fit of temporary antipathy,
once wrote a song about Mr. Hurlbut, which he entitled,
“ Ira of the Union.” Notwithstanding the writing of those
verses occurred perhaps thirty-five years ago, the title to¬
day would still hold good, although the Union some years
since ceased to exist, simply because its publisher grew
tired of such an expensive luxury as a country newspaper
and hence suspended publication.

The song referred to was really a pasquinade, and dealt
satirically with the numerous activities of the subject
claiming that he had tried to teach, preach, lecture, master
music, write, print, stamp, stain, and Satan only knows
what not. In that much I grant the lampoon was true;
but that which inspired my ancestor to ridicule prompts
me to praise. That a man could do such a variety of
things strikes me as little short of the wonderful.

First of all, Mr. Hurlbut was, and still is, a newspaper
man — and a printer. He has tried a hundred times to
wash printers’ ink from his hands; but it sticks. Next
to his familiarity with the “ black art,” ranks probably
his love for music. He reads notes as readily as he does
a stickful of long primer, writes a piece of music as easily
as an editorial, and plays and sings with quite as much
feeling as he used to experience when writing up the death
notice of a delinquent subscriber.

Prominent among the rest of his virtues is a sense of
humor as big as a house. His ordinary conversation is as
funny as George W. Peck’s most humorous paragraphs.
He speaks in a dry, crackling manner, and the twist comes
so suddenly and unexpectedly that the listener is convulsed.
He makes a pun of his biggest troubles and laughs where
ordinary men sulk. He is a past master at sarcasm, but
has a lot of human sympathy in his soul, notwithstanding.

Ira Hurlbut is not only a printer in the real sense, but
a pressman, as well — and a practical bookbinder. He

has also tried politics, and was a postmaster for years.
He has also been a promoter of companies, having founded
the Crawford County Telephone Company, if I mistake
not, and several other electrical concerns.

Besides all this, even in the face of circumstances in¬
tended to discourage less resolute mettle, he has more or
less persistently boosted his home town and stood person¬
ally and editorially for better and purer local conditions.
Bitter calumny, threats, and even actual violence, all failed
to turn him from his honest course.

But Ira Hurlbut’s gifts find their greatest expression
in invention. He seems to be ever creating something new
and novel. Once it was a mailer — a practical, foot-power
machine for putting the names and addresses of subscrib-

Ira D. Hurlbut.

ers on newspapers. He had the machine patented and sold
his rights. He perfected a simple little device for com¬
position embossing. To go with the machine, he likewise
concocted a superior composition, thus at once mastering
mechanics and chemistry. Oils, foundations, varnishes,
pigments, inks — ask him anything you please about any
of these things just now, and he will answer you like the
wizard that he is — but whether or not he tells you all he
knows, depends. And the last time I called on this genius
he was all enthusiasm over a new invention in the way of
another sort of embossing device — one requiring the two
dies, but much easier to make than the steel kind.

The new gloss emboss and the new machine for per¬
fecting the process, as well as the later die process, all give
wonderful promise, and it is to be hoped that the inventor,
now grizzled by the struggles of forty years in the rather
thankless life of a country-newspaper maker and printer,
is about to come into his reward.

What is the secret of Ira Hurlbut’s genius? Why, the
same old secret of all genius. Webster, whom we all
acknowledge as a sound philosopher, defines talent as either
natural or acquired ability, and the same thought has been
crystallized by a noted writer into the well-known maxim,
“ Genius is the capacity for taking infinite pains.” In
other words, a genius is only an ordinary person who has
been foolish enough to work overtime — to think and study
and drudge and slave, and take a whole lot more pains
than other folks do in trying to amount to something in
this world. And that exactly tells the story of Ira D.
Hurlbut, art printer, of Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin.

246

THE INLAND PRINTER

This department is designed particularly for the review of technical publications pertaining to the printing industry. The Inland Printer
Company will receive and transmit orders for any book or publication. A list of technical books kept in stock will be found in our

catalogue, a copy of which will be sent upon request.

“Lockwood’s Directory” for 1918.

The forty-third annual edition of “ Lockwood’s Direc¬
tory of the Paper and Stationery Trades,” the 1918 edi¬
tion, has lately been put on the market. This large book
of 786 pages is a comprehensive directory, giving infor¬
mation relating to paper in a convenient form for quick
reference.

All the paper and pulp mills in the United States,
Canada, Mexico and South America are listed, geograph¬
ically arranged, together with data concerning each which
is often wanted. Paper-mills are also classified according
to products. Makers of paper specialties; paper-dealers;
pulp, rag and paper stock dealers; converters of paper,
and stationers and office-appliance manufacturers and deal¬
ers are listed in a most convenient manner. All water¬
marks and brands are named, the name of the owner in
each instance being also given. In addition to the above,
there is much data on trade associations and statistical
information of considerable interest and possible value to
printers. The advertisements, of which there are many,
form a complete guide to the sources of supply of machin¬
ery and raw materials used in the industry.

“ Lockwood’s Directory.” Published by the Lockwood
Trade Journal Company, 10 East Thirty-ninth street, New
York city. Price, $5; postage, 20 cents extra. May be
secured through The Inland Printer Company.

“The Distillation of Resins.”

The subtitle of this book, “ The Preparation of Rosin
Products, Resinates, Lamp Black, Printing-Inks, Type¬
writing-Ink, Etc.” gives a clearer insight into the char¬
acter of the work than the main title, as given in the
heading. The subtitle also indicates that the book might
prove interesting and, perhaps, profitable reading to ink-
makers particularly, and also in an informative way to
pressmen and printers.

“ The Distillation of Resins ” is devoted to a descrip¬
tion of the methods of distillation as applied to resins,
more particularly to common rosin, with its resulting
products, rosin spirit, rosin oil, etc., and the fossil rosins
as used in the manufacture of varnish.

As rosin oils are used largely in the manufacture of
printing-inks, the methods of preparing the latter may
be said to come within the scope of this work, hence the
inference that inkmakers, printers and pressmen may find
interest in its pages.

The book contains 212 pages of text and, in addition,
a number of pages devoted to presenting a list of books
covering other features of interest along like lines. It is
bound in boards, covered with green leatherette and
stamped in gold.

“ The Distillation of Resins,” by V. Schweizer. Pub¬

lished by Scott, Greenwood & Son, London. American
representative of publisher: D. Van Nostrand Company,
25 Park place, New York city. Price, $4.50; postage, 15
cents extra. May be secured through The Inland Printer
Company.

“Newsboy Service.”

That newsboy service furnishes the boys who are still
in public schools the largest amount of employment, and
that it is the means of combining vocational study with
vocational guidance, has been made clear by a new vol¬
ume just published. That volume is “ Newsboy Service,”
by Anna Y. Reed, Ph.D., and is the latest book which has
appeared in the School Efficiency Monographs.

Dr. George Elliott Howard, who has written the intro¬
duction to the volume, states that Mrs. Reed has “ pro¬
duced not only a model investigation in social statistics,
but that, at the same time, she has written a book which
in every part focuses the attention and challenges the
sympathy of the reader. It will be a great service to all
who are interested in the vocational training of youth.

W. Carson Ryan, Jr., in a prefatory note, calls atten¬
tion to the fact that this is one of the first studies pub¬
lished which will help to secure a part of the seven million
dollars to be eventually appropriated annually by the Fed¬
eral Government under the provisions of the Smith-Hughes
Act for vocational education in this country.

“ Newsboy Service,” by Anna Y. Reed, Ph.D. Pub¬
lished by the World Book Company, Yonkers-on-Hudson,
New York. Price, 90 cents; postage, 10 cents extra. May
be secured through The Inland Printer Company.

“The Art and Practice of Typography.”

While this new volume, “ The Art and Practice of
Typography,” by Edmund G. Gress, editor of The Ameri¬
can Printer, is a second edition, so many changes have
been made and so much new text-matter and illustrations
have been added that it is practically a new work.

It is an elaborate book, not in the sense that it is a
pretty thing suited only for shelf decoration, but it is
elaborate in the extensive showing of the work of Amer¬
ica’s best typographers. To be exact, there are six hun¬
dred and fifteen type arrangements and forty full-page
inserts.

The typographic reproductions are of immense value
by themselves in furnishing ideas in good type arrange¬
ment, but are not aimlessly inserted. They are directly
connected with the text, of which there are one hundred
thousand words of practical discussion and constructive
advice distributed over twenty-eight chapters.

There is an entirely new chapter on “ Type-Faces,”
which for thoroughness and fundamental value is one of
the best in the book. From the thousands of type-faces
that confront the printer, the author has selected six

THE INLAND PRINTER

247

standard representative roman faces that have been and
are approved by authorities for both beauty and legibility.

A valuable part of the chapter on “ Type-Faces,” on a
subject that is receiving much attention from advertisers,
is that devoted to legibility. A page chart presents a
scientific reason why in text-matter the length of a type¬
line should conform to the size and shape of the type-face.
The author claims that an alphabet-and-a-half of lower¬
case will approximately determine the length of line. The
chart also shows the space between lines that is recom¬
mended by educators who have made laboratory tests.

Other chapters entirely new in this edition are on the
typography of newspapers, periodicals, house-organs, blot¬
ters and package-labels.

The volume is strongly bound in cloth of a good qual¬
ity. The style of binding is distinctive and appropriate.
The frontispiece is a facsimile of the first printed copy
■of the Declaration of Independence.

“ The Art and Practice of Typography,” by Edmund
G. Gress. Published by the Oswald Publishing Company,
344 West Thirty-eighth street, New York city. Price, $6;
postage and packing, 45 cents extra. May be secured
through The Inland Printer Company.

“A Roman Alphabet and How to Use It.”

Here is an excellent little book, especially adapted for
beginners and as a text-book in schoolwork. Only one
alphabet is given, a plain roman, the idea of the author
being that the first essential for one who takes up letter¬
ing is to know “ how to use the alphabet,” and to learn
the proportions of the various letters and their elements.
These points mastered, the letterer may the more intelli¬
gently make modifications and develop an individual style
of his own. The plates given, which are in addition to
the book and printed on cardboard, are marked off in
squares to enable the student to more easily obtain the
right proportions in his letters and to assist him in draw¬
ing them until his eye has been sufficiently trained to go
it alone.

The book proper contains twenty-eight pages, 6 by 9
inches in size, and is bound in heavy cover-paper. It is
liberally illustrated.

“ A Roman Alphabet and How to Use It,” by Frank
Forrest Frederick, director, School of Industrial Arts,
Trenton, New Jersey. Published by the author. Price, 75
■cents; postage, 10 cents extra. May be secured through
The Inland Printer Company.

PERSONAL SOLICITATION OF HOLIDAY ORDERS.

BY JACK EDWARDS.

A printing and engraving company in the Middle West
has a good way of going after orders for Christmas-
greetings and other holiday printed-matter.

Along about the middle of November, this company
sends each of a number of prospective customers a speci¬
men greeting-card. The four-by-five envelope that con¬
tains the card is made of good stock, and has an attractive
red lining. The handwriting upon the face of the envelope
is feminine, and the gummed flap in the back is secured
by two harmonious Christmas seals. The quality and size
■of the envelope, together with the elusive handwriting and
the Christmas seals, conveys the momentary impression to
the prospective customer that he actually is receiving a
greeting-card from a friend, and at the same time affords
the person addressed the opportunity of seeing how a sim¬
ilar message of his own would appear to its receiver.

Within the envelope, besides the specimen greeting-
•card, which has a foot-note referring to prices on the oppo¬

site side, are a neat announcement-folder and another
attractive engraved card containing suggestions for pres¬
ents. The announcement-folder conveys the information
that the soliciting company is ready to supply the pros-

One of the Samples Used in Soliciting Orders
for Greeting-Cards.

pect’s needs in “ made-to-order ” holiday greetings, and
suggests that the company’s way “ offers personality, dis¬
tinction, exclusiveness.” The suggestions-for-presents card
asks the two questions: “What would be nicer than an

f ot**pfdhr reiiSiwe&s f&uippffj t|otrr
r! i- id If) a el r hs Orel rr fjoffdaiy
iTrv-c.hn nj* , Sire 1 !)®m> vDoij 0 lT«'A
y cr-o ii a h Kj , dt s K metl otv, esee fk»S w*
in***, i. Iicvo&e from the tws*f'
yreketymwe of’ £-*>

ftvyym. On** end

•w A 1 1 t £ t t* *• ur a t i e c

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Going After the Holiday Greeting-Card Business.

engraved plate and cards, or a monogram or address die,
embossed on a handsome box of stationery for the lady;
for the gentleman, his name and city on correct stationery
for his uses? ”

248

THE INLAND PRINTER

I i H

TRADE NOTE5

aaj:

Brief mention of men and events associated with the printing and allied industries will be published under this heading. Items for this

department should be sent before the tenth day of the month.

New Location for Intertype Corpora¬
tion’s Eastern Sales
Department.

On October 1, the New York or
eastern sales department of the Inter¬
type Corporation went into new offices
on the eighth floor of the Terminal
building, 50 Court street, Brooklyn,
New York. The change was made so
that the sales department could work
in closer cooperation with the general
offices and the factory, which are
located near by.

Whiting Paper Company Issues
Handsome Guide on
Wedding Forms.

The Whiting Paper Company, Four¬
teenth street and Seventh avenue,
New York city, has recently issued
an especially attractive booklet enti¬
tled “Whiting’s Handbook of Wedding
Forms,” which, as the name implies,
gives the various correct and ac¬
ceptable forms in which wedding an¬
nouncements, invitations, etc., may be
worded and arranged. The booklet
should prove quite helpful to sta¬
tioners, engravers and printers who
handle that class of work. Copies
will be sent free upon request to
those writing for them on their own
business stationery.

William Aspenwall Bradley Now with
Yale University Press.

The Yale University Press an¬
nounces that it has secured the ex¬
clusive services of William Aspenwall
Bradley as its printing expert. Mr.
Bradley, who is well known as an
authoritative writer on typographic
design, and as a critic of the graphic
arts, has also had much practical ex¬
perience in publishing, and in the
making of fine books. He will not
only act in a general advisory capac¬
ity to the Press as a whole, but will
inaugurate an entirely new depart¬
ment of which he will be the manager.
This department will solicit and un¬
dertake the execution of important
works, such as catalogues of museums
or private collections, special mono¬

graphs for art dealers, the publica¬
tions of clubs and other societies,
memorial resolutions and privately
printed books and leaflets.

The Monotype Specimen Book of
Type-Faces.

The steady increase in the number
of type-faces issued by The Lanston
Monotype Machine Company, and the
demand for matrices of existing faces,
we are informed, is keeping the ma¬
trix department of that company busy
supplying the demand. The Septem¬
ber issue of new specimen sheets con¬
sists of about eighty pages and
includes new title-pages for the bor¬
der, ornament and strip rule sections
of the big loose-leaf specimen book of
the company, copies of which are in
every plant using the monotype ma¬
chine. The border pages have been
rearranged in an attractive manner,
and show existing products of the ma¬
chine as well as many new designs.
New pages for these sections are be¬
ing prepared and will be issued soon.

The Selling of Printing Efficiently
Taught by Nashville
Typothetse.

The correspondence course in sales¬
manship of the Nashville Typothetse,
particularly applied to the selling of
printing, has enjoyed a considerable
degree of success during the past
year; as evidenced by the number of
complimentary letters received from
students throughout the land, copies
of which the editor has been privi¬
leged to examine. In its field this
school supplies a long-felt need, as
efficient salesmen in the printing field
are hard to find. On the other hand,
it opens a “ way out ” for compositors,
pressmen, bookbinders, etc., who are
ambitious to get into the selling end,
where the money comes easier (per¬
haps), and in larger quantities.

E. P. Mickel, of the Nashville,
Typothetse, Nashville, Tennessee, is
the enthusiastic and efficient director
of the course, to whom those desiring
such instruction are directed.

Miller Saw-Trimmer Company
Increases Sales Force.

The Miller Saw-Trimmer Company,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, manufac¬
turer of saw-trimmers and automatic
platen-press feeders, announces the
appointment of six additional men to
its sales organization. The gentle¬
men’s names, together with their
headquarters addresses, follow: How¬
ard Farley, Atlanta, Ga. ; George
Halsell, Dallas, Tex.; J. M. McAvoy,
Boston, Mass.; Harry T. Miller, Troy,
N. Y. ; H. H. Walling, Los Angeles,
Cal., and George F. Wall, St. Louis,
Mo.

New branch showrooms have been
opened at 191 High street, Boston,
Mass., and at 354 South Los Angeles
street, Los Angeles, Cal. Another
will be opened at Dallas, Tex., in a
short time.

Harlo R. Grant Announces New
Display Fixtures.

A convenient device, designed to
enable printers, stationers and others
to make effective displays of their
products in their offices, where they
will serve as decorative features, to
impress customers and to aid them in
indicating a preference of style for
their own printing, has been evolved
and is now being manufactured by
Harlo R. Grant, 2322 Madison street,
Chicago.

The device is, in effect, a series of
swinging frames, representative of a
book in action, and is attached to the
wall at the point where the leaves
are hinged together. It may be exam¬
ined from front to back, or vice versa,
exactly as one would turn the pages
of a book. The inside measurement
of each frame is 22 by 28 inches, and
each is fitted with glass to protect the
samples from dust and fingermarks,
keeping them in good condition indefi¬
nitely.

Mr. Grant emphasizes the simplic¬
ity of the device, which, in spite of
excellence of material and workman¬
ship, enables him to sell it at a very
reasonable figure.

THE INLAND PRINTER

249

Annual Meeting of Franklin-
Typothetse of Chicago.

What proved one of the best meet¬
ings of the organization was held by
the Franklin-Typothetse of Chicago
on Thursday evening, October 18. Re¬
ports of the work accomplished during
the past year were submitted by all
of the officers and committees, and
also by the chairmen of the four di¬
visions comprising the organization
— the Franklin (closed shop), the
Typothetas (open shop), the Binders
and Rulers, and the Machine Compo¬
sition. Each of these reports evi¬
denced the fact that the past year has
been one of great activity and accom¬
plishment, and augured well for the
work of the coming year. The treas¬
urer’s report showed that the or¬
ganization was in good condition
financially. The acting secretary pre¬
sented a splendid report, setting forth
in detail the benefits that have ac¬
crued to the membership through
organized effort, the assistance ren¬
dered by the service department and
the credit bureau, and offering sug¬
gestions for making the work of the
organization still more effective dur¬
ing the coming year.

The new officers elected to serve for
the coming year are: John W. Hastie,
president; M. S. Brooks, vice-presi¬
dent, and W. E. Faithorn, treasurer.

The members presented a handsome
silver water pitcher and tray to the
retiring president, J. Harry Jones, as
a token of esteem and in appreciation
of the effective work he has done for
the organization during the past year.

New York Firm to Make Chalk
Overlay Board.

The R. P. Andrews Paper Com¬
pany, of New York city, has applied
to the Patent Office for the right to
use a patent which was taken out by
some German paper concerns many
years ago. The permission will be
allowed under the recent Trading
with the Enemy Act.

The Andrews firm has learned the
formula for manufacturing chalk
overlay board, which, in so far as can
be learned, has never been manufac¬
tured in the United States. All of
this board used in this country, only
by large printers, has been imported
from Germany.

Some of this paper has already been
put upon the market, and it is claimed
to be as good as the German product,
the price charged, even now, being as
low as that charged by Germany dur¬
ing peace times. There is consider¬
able demand for this board by large
printers, and the officials of the

Andrews company are of the opinion
that they will be able to successfully
meet German competition at the con¬
clusion of the war.

Arthur S. O’Neill.

The accompanying half-tone por¬
trait shows a figure that has been
missed from the ranks of Chicago
printerdom for a while past, and ex¬
plains his absence. Arthur S. O’Neill

Arthur S. O’Neill,

First Lieutenant and Battalion Adjutant,
Seventh Illinois Infantry.

is well known in Chicago — and his
acquaintance extends beyond the con¬
fines of this city — having lived here
over thirty years. He has traveled
the, route from “ devil ” to journey¬
man, and then to foreman, superin¬
tendent and proprietor, and is now
serving our country as a patriot sol¬
dier, his rank being first lieutenant
and battalion adjutant, Seventh Illi¬
nois Infantry.

During nine years of activity in the
Illinois National Guard he saw con¬
siderable service, being at the race
riots in Springfield during 1908; at
the Cairo floods in 1913, and on the
Mexican border for seven months dur¬
ing 1916. He is now at Camp Logan,
Houston, Texas, in the One Hundred

and Eighth Divisional Train, attached
to the Three Hundred and Thirty-
ninth Division, preparing to go “ any¬
where ” in France or elsewhere.

In a letter recently received from
Lieutenant O’Neill, he states that he
is absolutely convinced that this war
is, and will be, fought by democracy
against the forces of autocracy, and
that the freedom of civilization is at
stake. Believing as he does, that our
forefathers fought for independence
and freedom, the blessings of which
we enjoy today, he feels that it is but
natural that we should fight the same
fight to perpetuate the same ideals for
which our fathers shed their blood and
made the supreme sacrifice.

The lieutenant was born in Halifax,
Nova Scotia, and hopes to meet his
Canadian brothers across the seas and
tell them how proud he is of them.

Craftsmen Hear Fine Lecture.

The regular monthly meeting and
dinner of the Philadelphia Club of
Printing House Craftsmen, held at
the Hotel Bingham on Thursday eve¬
ning, October 11, brought out a good
attendance. In addition to a large
number of the club members, there
were also present several invited
guests, including some from out of
town.

The big feature of the meeting was
an illustrated lecture, entitled “ Pa¬
per,” which was delivered by George
W. Ward, president of the D. L.
Ward Company, of Philadelphia.
Through the courtesy of the Ward
company, the Board of Governors had
been fortunate in securing for the lec¬
ture two reels of moving pictures
showing the Cumberland mills of
S. D. Warren & Co. While Mr. Ward
talked, the audience saw in motion
pictures how paper is manufactured.

After the educational talk, there
was open discussion on paper subjects
by several members of the club. Mr.
Ward was ready to answer any tech¬
nical questions about paper as they
came up. Some who had experienced
troubles in presswork with paper
gained valuable information.

Sales Conference of Chicago Paper
Company.

A conference indicative of a high
standard of selling efficiency was con¬
ducted by the Chicago Paper Com¬
pany, Chicago, Illinois, during the
latter part of September. The entire
sales force, together with the execu¬
tive officers of the company, met at
the City Club on Saturday afternoon,
September 22, for the first session,
and at the Advertising Club on the

250

evening of the same day for the sec¬
ond meeting and banquet.

Addresses were made by Walter C.
Gillett, president; W. N. Gillett, vice-
president, Robert C. Fay, advertising
director, James A. Borden, secretary
of the United Typothetas; and vari¬
ous members of the company’s sales
organization.

An interesting feature of the first
session was the conferring of degrees
and the award of prizes to salesmen,
members of the 1917 100 Per Cent
Club, membership of which is made
up of those salesmen whose sales equal
or exceed the amount of the general
quota as assigned by the company at
the start of the fiscal year. Those
salesmen who equal the quota are
awarded a bonus of $50 at the end of
the year. Salesmen who exceed the
general quota, the amount each sales¬
man is expected to sell, profit accord¬
ing to the following scale: 125 per
cent, $75; 150 per cent, $100; 175

per cent, $150; 200 per cent, $200.
There are also several individual cam¬
paigns or contests, winners of which
are awarded special prizes.

W. G. Slauson.

The many friends of W. G. Slauson,
formerly with the Middletown (N. Y.)
Press, now the Times-Press, and later
with the Morgans & Wilcox Manufac¬
turing Company, will be interested in
learning that he recently visited the
offices of The Inland Printer. Mr.
Slauson went to Battle Creek, Michi¬
gan, about four years ago for treat¬
ment, having practically been given
up by his doctor, and many of his
friends were of the opinion that he
could not survive.

Mr. Slauson invented the Slauson
cylinder-press lock, marketed by the
Morgans & Wilcox Manufacturing
Company, and is also the inventor of
the Slauson magnet mailing-machine,
which, he stated, will be placed on
the market in a short time. He is
now on his way to Bakersfield, Cali¬
fornia, where he will develop several
new devices on which he is working.

Art Electrotype Foundry, Cleveland,
Celebrates Fifth Birthday.

During the month of October, two
Cleveland men, F. M. Finucan and
C. F. McCarthy, celebrated the found¬
ing of a business which in five short
years has come to be nationally known
— the Art Electrotype Foundry Com¬
pany.

When this business was started in
1912, the plant required a floor space
of only 1,200 square feet. The plant
has been steadily increased in size,

THE INLAND PRINTER

until today it occupies an entire floor,
6,500 square feet, in the Pros¬
pect building, 1104 Prospect avenue.
Messrs. Finucan and McCarthy as¬
cribe this rapid growth to the quality
of plates and the character of service
rendered the trade by their company.

The company manufactures a com¬
prehensive electrotype line, furnishing
plates of every kind to the printing
trade.

A Postoffice Regulation That Is
Worth Knowing.

A ruling from the Brooklyn post-
office on a piece of advertising issued
by the Mergenthaler Linotype Com-

Envelope and Booklet Which Were Considered
Objectionable by the Postoffice
Authorities.

pany will enlighten many of our read¬
ers who are not familiar with postal
regulations.

That company designed and printed
a special envelope for mailing a
booklet, “ Telegraphic Endorsements,”
which reproduced in color a number
of telegrams received from some of
the larger newspapers endorsing the
Linotype-Ludlow all-slug system of
composition. The envelope carried out
the telegram idea of the booklet by
reproducing in facsimile a Western
Union telegram blank (see illustra¬
tion). It was printed in black over
a yellow tint, leaving a panel of
white space for the address, approxi¬
mately 3% by IV2 inches in size.

It was unusually attractive and de¬
cidedly appropriate, but the postoffice
authorities considered it objectionable
and held up a part of the mailing,
stating their reasons as follows:

“ Section 470, paragraph 3, Postal
Laws and Regulations, provides that
‘ space should be left on the address
side of all mail matter, sufficient for
a legible address, and for all direc¬
tions permissible thereon, for postage
stamps, for post-marking, rating, and
any words necessary for forwarding
or return.’ Also the solicitor of the
Department has ruled that envelopes
used for advertising purposes, upon
which are printed the words ‘ Letter¬
grams ’ or ‘ Special Rush Service,’ or
envelopes having the appearance of a
telegram, are objectionable to the De¬
partment by reason of such mislead¬
ing statements.”

It is well worth while to read over
this ruling several times — and re¬
member it. A lot of bother, and pos¬
sibly the loss of many dollars, will be
saved by observing this regulation.

Courses in Typography and Proof¬
reading at The College of the
City of New York.

Arnold Levitas, instructor in the
division of vocational subjects of The
College of the City of New York, ad¬
vises The Inland Printer that new
courses in typography and proofread¬
ing have been instituted at that school
under his direction.

There are three definite courses:
(1) Executive course in copy-editing
and theoretical typography; (2)
proofreading and technical typog¬
raphy; (3) administration and man¬
agement.

The school work is conducted in eve¬
ning classes, and those in attendance
are largely working printers, people
in the advertising field, office em¬
ployees in various publishing-houses,
editorial workers, proofreaders and
aspirants for success in the field of
the typographic expert.

Northwestern Electric Company
Brings Out New Push-Button
Control and Motor.

Austin Kimble, formerly connected
with the Kimble Electric Company,
manufacturers of motors and other
electrical equipment, is now identified
with the Northwestern Electric Com¬
pany, 408-416 South Hoyne avenue,
Chicago. Upon Mr. Kimble’s connec¬
tion with the latter firm, manufacture
of the “A-K ” type of push-button
control and motor was begun by that
company and it is now advertised as
ready for the market. Mr. Kimble
advises us that printers need not hold
back longer in installing modern
push-button control because of exces¬
sive first cost, for “A-K ” equipment
is so efficiently designed and built

THE INLAND PRINTER

251

that it can be sold at less cost than
the drum or face type of control.
Printers and others using electric
motor power, but who have hesitated
to install it in the past because of
high first cost, will welcome this an¬
nouncement of Mr. Kimble’s great
achievement in the field of electrical
engineering.

The great variety of speeds offered
is particularly important in the print¬
ing business, where the right speed of
the press means the maximum pro¬
duction with the minimum of waste.

Readers of The Inland Printer
who are interested and who would
like further information, prices, etc.,
should write the company at the ad¬
dress given.

Changes Among Supplymen.

Fred Snyder, formerly connected
with the New York office of the Cleve¬
land Folding Machine Company, is
now with the Chicago office.

J. W. Valiant has severed his con¬
nection with the Cleveland Folding
Machine Company and is now repre¬
senting the Golding Manufacturing
Company in Chicago.

Walter H. Gracie, formerly in
charge of the Chicago branch of the
Golding Manufacturing Company, is
now with Barnhart Brothers & Spin-
dler.

James Sherman has joined the Chi¬
cago forces of the Queen City Print¬
ing Ink Company, having recently
left the Eagle Printing Ink Company.

Nathan Boam, formerly with the
Perfection Linotyping Company, Chi¬
cago, has started in business under
the title Boam Typesetting Company.

Robert Jaeger has recently been oc¬
cupied with the work of opening a
Chicago agency for the Okie Printing
Ink Company.

George H. Tower, who is well known
throughout the printing trade of New
England and New York, and who has
for the past two years been New En¬
gland representative for the Boston
branch of the Keystone Type Foun¬
dry, is now connected with the F. P.
Rosback Company, Benton Harbor,
Michigan. He will be a welcome
friend of the publishers and book¬
binders in helping them to solve their
stitching and perforating troubles.

Southern New England printers
will be glad to learn that R. G.
Owens has fully recovered his health
and is now representing the F. P.
Rosback Company in New York,
Pennsylvania and New England. Mr.
Owens was with the Boston house of
the Keystone Type Foundry from the
time it opened until last August, when

his health made it necessary to resign
and return to his home in Jamestown,
New York. Mr. Owens has had a long
and varied experience in the printing-
machinery business, having been with
the Duplex Printing Press Company,
Battle Creek, Michigan, first as an
erector and troubleman, and later as
a salesman.

New Air Brush for Artists, Engravers,
Photographers, Etc.

We are showing on this page in
half-tone an illustration of a new air
brush recently placed on the market
by its manufacturers, The Chicago
Air Brush & Manufacturing Com¬

pany, Chicago, Illinois. It is a simple
little mechanism, its simplicity, in
fact, being one of the strong talking-
points of those who are charged with
the responsibility of placing it on the
market. From advertising literature
furnished The Inland Printer, we
note that the following advantages are
claimed for it: Strength, simplicity,
serviceableness, delicacy of touch and
interchangeability of parts; also, that
the brush is of sturdy construction
and is heavily nickel-plated. In addi¬
tion, it is subjected to a chemical
treatment which makes it impervious
to water and “ colors.”

The Chicago air brush is made in
one size only, but the manufacturer
states that with it all possible grada¬
tions may be obtained, one hand only
being necessary to operate the brush.
A slight downward pressure on the
front lever liberates a fine hair-line,
while a backward and downward pres¬
sure creates a broad, even spray.

A New Attachment to Expedite
Feeding Platen Presses.

Every one who has experienced the
difficulty of feeding envelopes, tags,
cards and other small sheets into a
platen press — who has stacked this
stock upon the feed-board with care,
only to knock it over with his hand;
or to see it fall because of the vibra¬
tion of the press, causing loss of time
and temper — will welcome the an¬
nouncement of an attachment to fa¬
cilitate feeding just such difficult
stock. A device for that purpose, the
Ray “ Feedmore ” attachment, has

been placed on the market by the
Feedmore Manufacturing Company,
Asheville, North Carolina.

The “ Feedmore ” can be attached
to the feed-board of any platen press
in a moment’s time, and, standing at
an angle, the stock in it remains
straight and in order. The operator
feeds envelopes from one side and
places the printed copies in the other
without having to move out of his
tracks, thus saving the time consumed
by repeated trips to the box or drying-
rack. The attachment is quickly ad¬
justable to a position convenient for
feeding cards and other sizes and
forms of stock as the needs require.

Ault & Wiborg Company Now Pro¬
duces All Its Dyestuffs.

When the war broke out we were
confronted with a very serious sit¬
uation, and the fact which loomed up
highest on the horizon was that dye¬
stuff shipments from Germany would,
in all probability, be discontinued, and
that, in a short time, all the stocks on
hand would be used up. The dura¬
tion of the war was doubtful, and
opinions differed greatly on this point.
If the war should prove to be of
many years’ duration, it was abso¬
lutely necessary that dyestuffs should
be produced here in the States. How¬
ever, owing to this uncertainty, man¬
ufacturers, as a whole, were afraid
of the proposition, as it involved the
expenditure of tremendous sums and
a possible loss of the entire invest¬
ment if Congress should not grant
ample protection in the way of tariff.
For this reason, very few ventured to
start the manufacture of dyes and in¬
vest millions of dollars in so uncertain
a proposition.

The three dyestuff concerns which
had been operating in the United
States prior to the outbreak of the
war, were making a very limited num¬
ber of dyes, and, unfortunately, very
few of them could be used for the
manufacture of pigments. These
houses were not in a position to meet
the demands in an adequate manner,
as their works were not large enough
to take care of the tremendous needs.

To meet the situation, a few men
— with perhaps more courage than
wisdom — decided to embark upon the

252

THE INLAND PRINTER

dyestuff manufacture, and to alle¬
viate the stringency of the dyestuff
situation. Most of these men, how¬
ever, manufactured dyes almost solely
for the textile trade.

Being large consumers of dyestuffs,
and having been dependent upon for¬
eign manufacturers for their dyes,
the officers of the Ault & Wiborg Com¬
pany determined to invest a large sum
of money for the production of their
own dyes, as they realized that they
owed a distinct obligation to their
customers, and that the measure of
prosperity they had achieved was due
to their customers. Realizing, there¬
fore, their obligations, they went to
work shortly after the war and de¬
veloped a dyestuff industry which to¬
day supplies ninety per cent of all the
dyestuffs they require. The remain¬
ing ten per cent they hope to produce
within a very short time, so that they
are now independent of foreign dyes,
and can manufacture all the products,
with but few exceptions, that they
manufactured prior to the outbreak
of the war.

The difficulties that were encoun¬
tered were tremendous and at times
seemed almost insurmountable. Much
of the machinery had to be specially
designed. All the necessary experi¬
ence had to be obtained, and could
only be acquired by experimentation
and research work. Furthermore,
the time factor was an important one,
as they did not have years upon years
to develop the industry, but had to
produce almost immediately to meet
the pressing needs of the printer.

At the beginning, necessary raw
materials were hard to procure, and
it was found very difficult, if not im¬
possible, to obtain certain chemicals.
It was soon realized that, in order to
stay in the field as dyestuff manufac¬
turers, they had to make quite a num¬
ber of their chemicals and many of
their acids. This necessitated the con¬
struction of another plant, and a large
acreage was purchased in St. Ber¬
nard, Ohio. In Norwood, Ohio, where
the dye-plant is situated, the inter¬
mediate products for the production
of dyestuffs, and the dyestuffs them¬
selves, are made, while at St. Bernard,
chemicals, acids and certain salts are
produced. These two plants have
necessitated an expenditure of over
two million dollars.

A research laboratory, employing
thirty chemists, had to be organized.
A mechanical department, of eight
skilled draftsmen and two mechanical
engineers, had to be inaugurated, and
a machine-shop for the production of
dyestuff machinery had to be con¬

structed. These facts are mentioned
to give an idea of the complexity of
the dyestuff business. The financial
risk attending any one entering into
the dyestuff manufacture; the diffi¬
culties encountered in manufacture;
the early resumption of peace; the
uncertainty regarding the action of
Congress, and the difficulties of ob¬
taining skilled chemists, all had to be
faced.

The officers of the company state
that their motives were not purely
those of business and the hope of
making a great financial success of it;
but the fact that they are helping
establish in the United States a busi¬
ness which heretofore has been con¬
trolled by foreign manufacturers
recompenses, in a great measure, their
efforts in this direction.

News Notes from United Typoth-
etae of America.

Secretary Joseph A. Borden is on a
trip to the Pacific coast in the interest
of organization work throughout the
Far West. His itinerary will include
Los Angeles, Del Monte, San Fran¬
cisco, Oakland, Sacramento, Portland,
Tacoma, Seattle, Spokane, Salt Lake
City, Denver and Omaha.

F. W. Fillmore, cost accountant,
has completed his work in Toronto,
Canada, where he systematized the
cost and general accounting schemes
of one of the large printing-plants.
He also completed a survey of the cost
and accounting systems of members
at Rochester and Lockport, New York,
and is now in Nashville, Tennessee,
doing costwork in several plants.

The work of the accounting staff
has been complimented on several oc¬
casions within the past month. Mem¬
bers who have had these accountants
install the Standard cost-finding sys¬
tem in their plants, or who have had
their accounting schemes altered to
meet the fundamentals of the Stand¬
ard, have been well pleased with the
service rendered. Printers are re¬
quested to investigate this service of
the national organization.

The Price-List Committee has under
consideration several features that
will prove a valuable adjunct to the
information in the price-list. The de¬
mand for copies of the price-list is
an indication of the value printers
throughout the country place upon it.
Those who are not familiar with the
book may obtain full particulars by
writing to national headquarters.

The Standard Estimating Course
for Printers has been prepared from
the results of many years’ research
work, and is based upon the funda¬

mental elements that enter into the
estimating of printing. It has been
prepared by the Committee on Edu¬
cation of the United Typothete of
America. The course consists of sev¬
enteen lessons.

The Committee on Education was
also commissioned to prepare a course
covering the all-important subject of
salesmanship, and now the national
organization has officially approved of
and adopted the Standard Salesman¬
ship Course. This course is based
upon practical lines. It is the result
of a broad study of the needs of the
industry, and is representative of the
best ideas and most practical judg¬
ment to be found in the printing
industry. This course consists of
twenty lessons.

Both of these courses are planned
for individuals and also for the use
of local organizations. Particulars
may be secured by addressing your
local secretary, or the national office,
608 South Dearborn street, Chicago.

Bermingham & Seaman Company
Now the Seaman Paper
Company.

The Bermingham & Seaman Com¬
pany — headquarters office of which
is located in Chicago — has changed
its corporate name to the Seaman
Paper Company, but the change in
name represents a change in name
only. There will be no change in the
official personnel or in the business
policy. As a matter of fact there
has been no change in the Berming¬
ham & Seaman Company since the
death of T. C. Bermingham, when
his interest was taken over by the
present stockholders. The officers of
the company are: George M. Seaman,
president; Joseph B. Seaman, vice-
president; L. G. Bigelow, secretary;
C. W. Sherman, treasurer.

The company is one of the largest
distributing houses in the paper in¬
dustry. Its mill connections, we are
told, are in many cases so close that
the firm could almost be designated as
a paper manufacturer instead of sim¬
ply a manufacturer’s agent. The
Seaman Paper Company, we are ad¬
vised, is the exclusive representative
of a dozen large mills, selling their
entire product.

The success of the company in New
York city has been phenomenal. Four
years ago a one-room office was
opened in the Fifth Avenue building;
today that office occupies seven times
the original space. The company also
maintains branch houses at St. Louis,
Milwaukee, Minneapolis, Buffalo and
Philadelphia.

THE INLAND PRINTER

253

PRINTER

WANT ADVERTISEMENTS

THE INLAND

Harry Hillman, Editor.

Published monthly by

THE INLAND PRINTER COMPANY

632 Sherman Street, Chicago, U. S. A.

Address all Communications to The Inland Printer Company.

Vol. GO. NOVEMBER, 1917. No. 2

Members of Audit Bureau of Circulations ; Associated Business
Papers, Inc. ; Chicago Trade Press Association ; National Editorial Asso¬
ciation ; Graphic Arts Association Departmental of the Associated Adver¬
tising Clubs of the World ; New York Master Printers* Association ;
Printers’ Supplymen’s Club of Chicago ; Advertising Association of
Chicago.

SUBSCRIPTION RATES.

One year, $3.00; six months, $1.50; payable always in advance. Sample
copies, 30 cents; none free.

Subscriptions may be sent by express, draft, money order or registered
letter. Make all remittances payable to The Inland Printer Company.

Foreign Subscriptions. — To Canada, postage prepaid, three dollars and
fifty cents ; to all other countries within the postal union, postage
prepaid, _ three dollars and eighty-five cents, or sixteen shillings, per
annum in advance. Make foreign money orders payable to The
Inland Printer Company. No foreign postage stamps accepted.

Important.— Foreign money orders received in the United States do not
bear the name of the sender. Foreign subscribers should be careful
to send letters of advice at same time remittance is sent, to insure
proper credit.

Single copies may be obtained from all news-dealers and typefounders
throughout the United States and Canada, and subscriptions may be
made through the same agencies.

Patrons will confer a favor by sending us the names of responsible
news-dealers who do not keep it on sale.

ADVERTISING RATES.

In order to protect the interests of purchasers, advertisers of novel¬
ties, advertising devices, and all cash-with-order goods, are required to
satisfy the management of this journal of their intention to fulfil hon¬
estly the offers in their advertisements, and to that end samples of the
thing or things advertised must accompany the application for adver¬
tising space.

The Inland Printer reserves the right to reject any advertisement
for cause.

FOREIGN AGENTS.

John Haddon & Co., Bouverie House, Salisbury square, Fleet street,
London, E. C., England.

Raithby, Lawrence & Co. (Limited), De Montfort Press, Leicester,
England.

Raithby, Lawrence & Co. (Limited), Thanet House, 231 Strand, Lon¬
don, W. C., England.

Penrose & Co., 109 Farringdon Road, London, E. C., England.

Wm. Dawson & Sons, Cannon House, Breams buildings, London, E. C.,
England.

Alex. Cowan & Sons (Limited), General Agents, Melbourne, Sydney
and Adelaide, Australia.

Alex. Cowan & Sons (Limited), Wellington, New Zealand.

F. T. Wimble & Co., 87 Clarence street, Sydney, N. S. W.

H. Calmels, 150 Boulevard du Montparnasse, Paris, France.

John Dickinson & Co. (Limited), Cape Town, Durban and Johannes¬
burg, South Africa.

Jean Van Overstraeten, 3 rue Villa Hermosa, Brussels, Belgium.

A. Oudshoorn, 23 Avenue de Gravelle, Charenton, France.

Prices for this department: 40 cents per line: minimum charge, 80
cents. Under “ Situations Wanted,” 25 cents per line: minimum charge,
50 cents. Count ten words to the line. Address to be counted. Price
invariably the same whether one or more insertions are taken. Cash
must accompany the order. The insertion ol ads. received in Chicago
later than the fifteenth of the month preceding publication not guar¬
anteed. We can not send copies of The Inland Printer free to classified
advertisers.

BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES.

FOR SALE — Printing-office consisting of Whitlock cylinder, 3 jobbers,
Dexter folder, Sheridan power cutter, Boston stitcher, bundling press,
cabinets, type, galley stands, imposing stones ; all machines have indi¬
vidual electric motors of the highest grade ; an ideal and complete equip¬
ment, inventorying at more than $6,000, and located in Wisconsin — a fine
section for the printing business : will sell reasonably or trade in on a
small farm. N 509.

PRESSMEN AND PRINTERS WANTED, with some selling ability, for
all territories for the Craig De-Magnetizer & Ink Dryer machine sold
on a ten-day trial ; the profits of the first branch for the month of Sep¬
tember amounted to $800 ; investment of $200 and upward to carry stock
required. Wire for territory. CRAIG DE-MAGNETIZER & INK
DRYER CORP., 12 Wooster st., New York city.

JOB-PRINTING OFFICE FOR SALE — Nearly one-half interest in
up-to-date plant ; 3 platens, pony, power cutter, stitcher, perforator,
punch, button machines, rubber-stamp outfit ; good business in jobwork,
celluloid buttons, celluloid checks and rubber stamps ; price $4,000 ;
terms. W. H. IRVING, 337 13th st„ Oakland, Cal. _

FOR SALE — Printing-plant and bindery, equipped to do all classes of
work, including fine half-tone and color work ; individual motor equip¬
ment throughout ; business capacity about $65,000 yearly ; located in
manufacturing city near Boston ; will sell for one-half cash and favorable
terms on balance. N 438.

FOR SALE — One-half interest in a well-established printing-plant
located in central Michigan city of 50,000 ; a splendid opportunity for
a job-printer or linotype operator ; owner retiring from business ; if
wanted, the entire plant can be purchased. N 502.

SPECIALTY PRINTING BUSINESS for sale; fast-growing, no com-
petition and unlimited field ; located in country ; cost of operation
low ; best reasons for selling ; might sell half interest ; New York State.
N 515. _

PRINTING-INK FACTORY for sale ; old-established business in good
location ; good reasons for selling. N 511.

JOB-PRINTING OFFICE for sale cheap, in good county-seat of Indiana;
price, $3,500. N 409.

ENGRAVING METHODS.

ANYBODY CAN MAKE CUTS on ordinary sheet zinc at trifling cost
with my simple transferring and etching process ; skill and drawing
ability not required ; price of process, $1 : circular and specimens for
stamp. THOS. M. DAY, Box 1, Windfall, Ind.

FOR SALE.

FOR SALE — One good 35 by 50 four-roller Miehle, overhauled, bargain
at $2,000 ; two 39 by 53 Miehles, four-roller, one at $2,200, the other
at $3,000. See these machines, cost new $4,400 each : 39 by 52 Century,
37 by 52 Huber, 43 by 56 Cottrell, 47 by 66 Optimus, 26 by 35 Huber,
27 by 40 Swink, and other two-revolution cylinders ; 16 by 21 to 37 by 52
drum presses, all styles ; 8 by 12 to 14 by 22 jobbers, all styles ; lever and
power paper-cutters ; large Seybold duplex trimmer, size 12 by 16 ; 25 by
34 Hall circular folder, 5 folds ; % to % inch stitchers, all styles ; 28-inch
Tatum and American power punches ; 16 by 25 Hacker hand-press with
inker; several good outfits. Tell us your requirements. We buy or sell
for you Miehles, four-track, drum presses, etc. WANNER MACHINERY
CO., 703 S. Dearborn st., Chicago.

FOR SALE — One Scott No. 3 offset press, size sheet 34 by 46, size work
33 by 45, 3 sets of rollers, equipped with U. P. M. feeder, practically
new ; one Parks lithographic transfer-press, size of bed 44 by 68, size of
sheet 40 by 60, practically new ; one Parks double-medium geared litho¬
graphic press, size of bed 29 by 44, also equipped with gelatin attach¬
ment ; three lithographic presses, direct drive, size of bed 24 by 23, also
equipped with gelatin attachment ; one Multiplex display fixture. No. 1,
25 leaves 4 by 7 feet, giving 1,400 square feet display area, with electric
light attachment. GUBELMAN PUBLISHING CO., 2 Garden st.,
Newark, N. J.

FOR SALE — 40 Wesel make-up tables, 25)4 by 30% inches, iron top;

2 Wesel automatic self-inking, web-feed proof-presses, 10 by 26 inches ;
1 Wesel automatic, self-inking, web-feed proof-press, 22% by 26 inches ;
40 steel newspaper stereo chases, 22% by 27% inches outside; 1,000 Cali¬
fornia job, triple and news cases ; also stands, cabinets, etc. ; all the above
at bargain prices. PHILADELPHIA PRINTERS SUPPLY CO., 14 S.
5th st., Philadelphia, Pa.

Megill’s Patent

SPRING TONGUE GAUGE PINS

MEGILL’S PATENT

Automatic Register Gauge

Megill’s Patent
DOUBLE-GRIP GAUGES

" quick on

Send for booklet this and other styles.

E. L. MEGILL, Pat. and Mfr.

60 Duane Street NEW YORK

From us or your dealer. Free booklets.

VISE GRIP

Send for booklet this and other styles.

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

254

THE INLAND PRINTER

FOR SALE — Secondhand Kidder all-size adjustable rotary press, size
43 by 56 inches ; minimum sheet, 26 by 34 inches ; cuts anything
between ; prints two colors on top and one color on reverse side of the
web ; has traveling offset web, and can do 133-line screen half-tone print¬
ing ; machine in A-l condition, with complete equipment ; immediate
delivery. GIBBS-BROWER CO., 261 Broadway, New York city.

SEVEN-COLUMN QUARTO, 39 by 54, Cottrell & Sons, 2-revolution,
4-roller, rack-and-screw and table distribution, rear tapeless delivery,
air springs, box frame and base, slitter and jogger ; price right and press
is right. GRAND RAPIDS ELECTROTYPE CO., Grand Rapids, Mich.

FOR SALE — John Thomson presses : one, size 13 by 19, 3-roller ; two,
size 10 by 15, 3-roller ; one, size 10 by 15, 2-roller ; running in perfect
condition ; reason for sale : changing equipment ; offers solicited.
FRANK F. LISIECKI, 9 Murray st„ New York.

FOR SALE — Whitlock two-revolution press, four form rollers, bed 29 by
42 ; also Hoe two-revolution press, 4-roller, size of bed 40 by 60 ; guar¬
anteed in first-class condition ; will trade in part payment. PRESTON,
49A Purchase, Boston.

RULING MACHINE, Springfield (Dewey), 44-inch, double-beam striker.
No. 1 layboy, cloth guides, double-faucet ink guides ; adjustable feed
guide; bargain for quick sale. GRAND RAPIDS ELECTROTYPE CO.,
Grand Rapids, Mich.

TWO MIEHLE cylinder presses for sale; No. 000; print forms 39 by 56
inches ; can be seen running ; $1,200 f. o. b. Baltimore. THE LORD
BALTIMORE PRESS, Greenmount av. and Oliver st., Baltimore, Md.

MEISEL PRESS for sale (new), with improvements, for $3,500 spot
cash ; worth $7,000 today ; will be shown to prospective buyer by
special arrangement ; machine is new and in perfect order. N 528.

BOOKBINDERS' MACHINERY — Rebuilt Nos. 3 and 4 Smyth book¬
sewing machines, thoroughly overhauled and in first-class order.
JOSEPH E. SMYTH, 638 Federal st., Chicago.

FOR SALE — One U. P. M. automatic pile feeder, takes sheet 32 by 44
inches, almost new ; one two-revolution, 4-roller Whitlock cylinder
press, size bed 30 by 46 inches. N 526.

LINOTYPE — -Three Model 1 machines with complete equipment of
molds, magazines and matrices. NEW HAVEN UNION CO., New
Haven, Conn.

LINOTYPE — ■ Model No. 1, Serial No. 8011, with one magazine, liner,
ejector-blades, font of matrices. TRIBUNE PRINTING CO., Charles¬
ton, W. Va.

FOR SALE — Hoe stop-cylinder press, 5-roller, size 51 by 36, sheet
50 by 32, 2 sets of rollers, 4-step cone pulleys, countershaft, 4 chases.
N 501.

INLAND PRINTER bound volumes. Nos. 26 to 51, inclusive (October,
1900, to September, 1913); perfect condition; $25, f.o.b. Chicago.
N 513.

LINOTYPE — Model 3 (rebuilt Model 5), No. 7286, molds, matrices, lin¬
ers and blades. SUNSET PUBLISHING HOUSE, San Francisco, Cal.

LINOTYPE — -Model 2, Serial No. 706 ; 1 motor, 1 magazine, 8 fonts of
matrices. ARYAN THEOSOPHICAL PRESS, Point Loma, Cal.

FOR SALE — 14 by 22 inch Gaily Universal, good condition ; $200, f.o.b.
Pittsburgh. TANKI, Inc., 231 Fifth av., Pittsburgh, Pa.

LINOTYPE — -Model 1, Serial No. 6605; 1 magazine, 1 mold and 1 font
of matrices. METROPOLITAN PRESS, Seattle, Wash.

HELP WANTED.

Bindery.

FOREMAN for our folding-box department ; must be a good manager
and have a thorough, practical knowledge of the business : none but
the most competent need apply. THE LORD BALTIMORE PRESS,
Baltimore, Md.

WANTED — Bookbinder; one who can do ruling and forwarding pre¬
ferred ; good pay ; only first-class man need apply ; state age, expe¬
rience and previous employment. A. J. LAUX & CO., Lockport, N. Y.

Composing-Room.

PRINTER — - One who knows type values and can put quality and
strength into composition ; must be an exceptional printer with orig¬
inal ideas and the ability to carry them out in the finished work ; perma¬
nent connection for such a man with San Francisco house doing highest
grade catalogue, booklet and commercial work ; remuneration to corre¬
spond with ability ; union ; give full details of experience and send sam¬
ples of your work or your reply will receive no attention. N 510.

WANTED — High-class man for working foreman in high-class printing
office ; must be fast operator, hand and stoneman, and accurate proof¬
reader ; good salary ; permanent ; give full particulars as to ability, age,
union or non-union, etc. ; opportunity to secure interest. N 508.

WANTED ■ — Combination monotype keyboard and caster operator ; steady
position ; write at once, giving all particulars. THE COMMERCIAL,
PRINTING & LITHO. COMPANY, Akron, Ohio.

WANTED — For up-to-date shop specializing in commercial printing,
compositor who has good taste and the ability to produce high-grade
work ; union. F. J. SCHATZLE, Kankakee, III.

Managers and Superintendents.

FOREMAN to take charge of trade typesetting plant operating both
monotypes and linotypes, with adequate make-up facilities. Address,
giving experience and all particulars possible, N 504.

Office.

BOOKKEEPER-STENOGRAPHER WANTED in southern city; must.

be accurate, neat and rapid ; man familiar with printing business pre¬
ferred ; permanent ; bond required ; state salary wuth references. N 512.

Pressroom.

FOREMAN — Pressroom night foreman wanted by one of New York’s
leading book printers ; must thoroughly understand bookwork, know
all impositions, O. K. all margins and revises, familiar with cost system,
know what press standing means ; a thorough executive who will insist on
maximum production and fine quality ; state experience in application.
N 525. _ _

WANTED — A first-class cylinder pressman capable of taking charge
of a pressroom ; must be familiar with high-grade catalogue and color-
work ; permanent position ; good prospects for advancement to an ener¬
getic, capable man ; a man under 40 preferred. N 480.

WANTED — Competent press foreman to take charge of Miehles and
platens; up-to-date union shop; good working conditions; Pennsyl¬
vania city of 30,000. N 505.

WANTED — A pressman, experienced in operating two Miller feeders.
P. O. BOX 876, Reading, Pa.

Proofroom. _ _

PROOFREADER, MALE OR FEMALE — Must be fast, accurate reader,
experienced in high-grade catalogue, booklet and commercial work ;
previous experience as head reader in large, high-grade plant necessary ;
want the best proofreader on the Coast ; San Francisco house ; excellent
working conditions ; union. N 506. _

Salesmen. _

WANTED — A salesman or sales manager to increase the sales of a line
of machines already established in world-wide service in the printing,
lithographing, bookbinding and allied trades ; state age and experience.
N 522, _

WANTED — Printing salesman for established book and job printing
house ; good position for the right person ; state age and experience,
also salary expected. N 527. _

INSTRUCTION.

LINOTYPE INSTRUCTION — 17 Mergenthalers ; evenings ; $5 weekly ;

day course (special), 9 hours daily, 7 weeks, $80; three months
course, $150 ; 10 years of constant improvement ; every possible advan¬
tage ; no dummy keyboards, all actual linotype practice ; keyboards
free; call or write. EMPIRE MERGENTHALER LINOTYPE SCHOOL,
133-137 East 16th st.. New York city.

MISCELLANEOUS.

TYPEWRITING — We do all kinds of typewriting on good bond-paper at
reasonable prices. Let us bid on your work. A. M. SKIER, Box 531,
Hawley, Pa.

SITUATIONS WANTED.

Bindery. _

BINDERY FOREMAN, 30 years’ experience as bookbinder, whereof 18
years as foreman, competent in all branches, good executive ability,

wants position. N 410. _

SITUATION WANTED — Bindery foreman, A-l in all branches ; best
of references. N 529. _

BINDERY FOREMAN, experienced in all branches, good executive, open
for position. N 496.

Composing-Room.

SITUATION WANTED — Composing-room foreman, first-class, all-
around printer, book and catalogue work, make-up and lock-up espe¬
cially. BOX 296, Iowa City, Iowa. _

POSITION WANTED as foreman of newspaper composing-room ; young
man, thorough printer, make-up, executive. N 517. _

FOREMAN composing-room, high-grade commercial and catalogue work ;
result-producer ; union. N 519.

PROCESS
WORK

— and

Electrotyping

The Journal for all up-to-date Process Workers

All matters of current interest to Process Workers and Electrotypers are dealt with month
by month, and both British and Foreign ideas as to theory and practice are intelligently
and comprehensively dealt with. Special columns devoted to Questions and Answers, for
which awards are given. It is also the official organ of the Penrose Employment Bureau.
PER ANNUM, $0.72, Post-free. Specimen Copy. Post-free, $0.08.

Specimen copies can also foe obtained from The Inland Printer Company upon request®

A limited space is available for approved advertisements; for scale of charges apply to the Publishers,

Published by A.W. PENROSE & Co., Ltd., 109 Farringdon Road, LONDON, E.C.

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

THE INLAND PRINTER

255

Executive.

BUSINESS, PRODUCTION AND SALES EXECUTIVE would like
position with well-established concern as business manager, assistant,
or superintendent ; now managing my own business in which I have
offer for my interest ; 20 years’ general experience in the following order :
General office work — collections, credits, correspondence, salesman and
sales manager ; advertising — letters, booklets and follow-ups ; practical
shop experience — superintendent responsible for organization and pi'o-
duction of over 100 employees, in complete art, engraving, electrotyping
and printing-plant producing the highest quality of publicity material ;
personal and business references furnished ; 40 years of age, married,
and absolutely reliable ; salary, $2,500. N 524.

Managers and Superintendents.

SUPERINTENDENT seeks connection with job-plant doing high-grade
work ; 20 years’ experience as manager-superintendent ; competent
reader, estimator, buyer and correspondent ; gilt-edge, “ out-of-the-
ordinary ” credentials ; will go anywhere, but northern New York or
New England States preferred. G. T. COOPER, 189 Hamilton st.,
Cambridge A, Mass.

COMPOSING-ROOM SUPERINTENDENT OR FOREMAN desires to
make a change ; more than 25 years’ printing experience, past 10 in
executive positions ; familiar with best grades of commercial, catalogue
and booklet work ; conversant with modern methods and machinery ;
good systematizer ; references ; union. N 503.

POSITION WANTED — Sixteen years’ experience on blank-book, loose-
leaf and commercial work in bindery, composing-room, pressroom,
traveling salesman, and all desk work of estimating, orders, costs, etc. ;
now manager ; 31 years old ; strictly temperate ; can take charge or
assist superintendent ; correspondence invited. N 518.

Pressroom.

PRESSMAN-FOREMAN seeks change from Chicago to smaller city or
town, to take charge of 2 to 6 cylinder pressroom ; thorough on half¬
tone vignette, process colorwork and embossing ; an experienced execu¬
tive, practical, conscientious ; speed or quality results unexcelled ; best
references regarding character, habits and reliability ; salary optional.
N 516.

PRESSROOM FOREMAN OR SUPERINTENDENT, a first-class execu¬
tive, now in charge of a large pressroom in New York city, desires a
change ; this man will systematize your pressroom and obtain a high
standard of efficiency ; he is a capable, industrious mechanical supervisor,
always on the job ; best references. N 523.

PRESSMAN, 22 years’ experience ; 10 years as head executive on the bet¬
ter grades of all classes of printing ; best of references ; will go any¬
where ; write particulars in first letter. N 507.

PRESSMAN, who has been running cylinders 5 years, desires a position
as assistant pressman in large shop doing the very highest grade of
work, or position as pressman. N 521.

Sales Manager.

SALES MANAGER, thoroughly experienced in all branches of the print¬
ing business, having been connected with large concerns, is desirous
of making a change ; if you need a competent man, with large acquain¬
tance, and are willing to make a liberal proposition, I will be pleased to
hear from you. N 514.

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

WANTED — Two secondhand Autopresses ; give number and age.
RAISED PRINTING CO., 185 Franklin st., Boston, Mass.

WANTED — Pony Miehle press in good condition; state age, condition
and lowest price. N 520.

BUSINESS DTRECTORY.

Advertisin'? Blotters.

PRINTERS — Are you acquainted with the Poates Geographical Blotters,
about 9 by 4 ? They are 100 per cent absorbent (both sides), with maps
of the United States or individual States. Only $6.00 per thousand, includ¬
ing your imprint. Send for a trial order today. POATES PUBLISHING
CO., 22 N. William st., New York city.

PRINT BLOTTERS for yourself — the best advertising medium for
printers. We furnish handsome color-plate, strong wording and
complete “layout” — new design each month. Write today for free
samples and particulars. CHAS. L. STILES, 230 N. 3d st., Columbus,
Ohio.

Advertising for Printers.

BLOTTERS, folders, mail-cards, booklets, house-organs - — • we furnish
two-color cuts and copy monthly. You do the printing and own the
cuts for your town. Small cost, profitable returns. Write for samples
and prices. ARMSTRONG ADVERTISING SERVICE, Des Moines,
Iowa.

Brass-Type Founders.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

Calendar-Pads.

THE SULLIVAN PRINTING WORKS COMPANY, 1062 Gilbert av.,
Cincinnati, Ohio, makes 109 sizes and styles of calendar-pads for
1918 ; now ready for shipment ; the best and cheapest on the market ;
all pads guaranteed perfect ; write for sample-books and prices.

Carbon Black.

CABOT, GODFREY L. — See advertisement.

Casemaking and Embossing.

SHEPARD, THE HENRY O., COMPANY, 632 Sherman st., Chicago.
Write for estimates.

Chase Manufacturers.

BARNHART BROTHERS & SPINDLER — Electric-welded silver-gloss
steel chases, guaranteed forever. See Typefounders.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE — Steel chases for all
printing purposes. See Typefounders.

Copper and Zinc Prepared for Half-Tone and Zinc Etching.

THE AMERICAN STEEL & COPPERPLATE CO., 101-111 Fail-mount
av., Jersey City, N. J. ; 116 Nassau st., New York city; 610 Federal
st., Chicago, Ill. ; 3 Pemberton row, London, E. C., England.

NATIONAL STEEL & COPPERPLATE COMPANY, 542 South Dear¬
born st., Chicago, Ill.; 805 Flatiron Bldg., New York city; 1101 Lo¬
cust st., St. Louis, Mo. ; 212 East Second st., Cincinnati, Ohio.

Counting Machines.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE — See Typefounders-

Cylinder Presses.

BARNHART BROTHERS & SPINDLER — See Typefounders. _

Eleetrotypers’ and Stereotypers’ Machinery.

THE OSTRANDER-SEYMOUR CO., general offices. Tribune bldg., Chi¬
cago. Eastern office, 38 Park row. New York. Send for catalogue.

HOE, R., & CO., New York. Printing, stereotyping and electrotyping
machinery. Chicago offices, 544-546 S. Clark st.

Embossing Composition.

STEWART'S EMBOSSING BOARD — - Easy to use, hardens like iron ;

6 by 9 inches, 3 for 40c, 6 for 60c, 12 for $1, postpaid. THE INLAND
PRINTER COMPANY, Chicago.

Embossing Dies and Stamping Dies.

CHARLES WAGENFOHR, Sr., 140 West Broadway, New York. Dies
and stamps for printers, lithographers and binders.

Hot-Die Embossing.

GOLDING MFG. CO., Franklin, Mass. Our Hot Embosser facilitates
embossing on any job-press ; prices, $40 to $90.

Ink Fountain.

THE NEW CENTURY ink fountain, for sale by all dealers in type and
of printers’ supplies. WAGNER MFG. CO., Scranton, Pa.

Job Printing-Presses.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

BARNHART BROTHERS & SPINDLER — See Typefounders.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE — See Typefounders.
GOLDING MFG. CO., Franklin, Mass. Golding and Pearl.

Motors and Accessories for Printing Machinery.

SPRAGUE ELECTRIC WORKS, 527 W. 34th st.. New York. Electric
equipment for printing-presses and allied machines a specialty.

Numbering Machines.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE — See Typefounders.
Paper-Cutters.

OSWEGO MACHINE WORKS, Oswego, New York. Cutters exclu¬
sively. The Oswego, and Brown and Carver and Ontario.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

BARNHART BROTHERS & SPINDLER — See Typefounders.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE — See Typefounders.

GOLDING MFG. CO., Franklin, Mass. Golding and Pearl.

Photoengravers’ Machinery and Supplies.

THE OSTRANDER-SEYMOUR CO., general offices, Tribune bldg., Chi¬
cago. Eastern office, 38 Park row, New York. Send for catalogue.

Photoengravers’ Metal, Chemicals and Supplies.

NATIONAL STEEL & COPPER PLATE COMPANY, 542 South Dear¬
born st., Chicago, Ill.; 805 Flatiron Bldg., New York city; 1101
Locust st., St. Louis, Mo. ; 212 East Second st., Cincinnati, Ohio.

Photoengravers’ Screens.

LEVY, MAX, Wayne av. and Berkeley st., Wayne Junction, Philadel¬
phia, Pa.

Presses.

HOE, R., & CO., New York. Printing, stereotyping and electrotyping
machinery. Chicago offices, 544-546 S. Clark st.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE — See Typefounders.

Printers’ Rollers and Roller Composition.

BINGHAM'S, SAM’L, SON MFG. CO., 636-704 Sherman st., Chicago;

also 514-518 Clark av., St. Louis ; 88-90 South 13th st., Pittsburgh ;
706-708 Baltimore av., Kansas City ; 40-42 Peters st., Atlanta, Ga. ;

151-153 Kentucky av., Indianapolis; 1306-1308 Patterson av., Dallas,
Tex. ; 719-721 Fourth st., S., Minneapolis, Minn. ; 609-611 Chestnut st.,
Des Moines, Iowa ; Shuey Factories Bldg., Springfield, Ohio.

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

256

THE INLAND PRINTER

BINGHAM BROTHERS COMPANY, 406 Pearl st., New York; also
131 Colvin st., Baltimore, Md. ; 521 Cherry st., Philadelphia, and 89
Allen st., Rochester, N. Y.

Allied Firm:

Bingham & Runge, East 12th st. and Powers av., Cleveland, Ohio.

WILD & STEVENS, INC., 5 Purchase st., cor. High, Boston, Mass.
Established 1850.

Printers’ Steel Equipment.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE, originators and
manufacturers of steel equipment for complete printing-plants. See
Typefounders.

Printers’ Supplies.

BARNHART BROTHERS & SPINDLER — See Typefounders.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE — See Typefounders.

Printing Machinery, Rebuilt.

BARNHART BROTHERS & SPINDLER — See Typefounders.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE — See Typefounders.

Printing Machinery, Secondhand.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE — See Typefounders.

Printing Material.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE — See Typefounders.

Punching Machines.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE — See Typefounders.

Rebuilt Printing-Presses.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

GOLDING MFG. CO., Franklin, Mass. All makes. Big values.

Roughing Machines.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

Static Neutralizers.

THOMPSON STATIC NEUTRALIZER eliminates electricity in paper.
Sole manufacturers K. K. Dispeller. 223 W. Erie st., Chicago.

Stereotyping Outfits.

ACME DRY PROCESS STEREOTYPING — This is a new process for
fine job and book work. Matrices are molded in a job-press on spe¬
cial Matrix Boards. The easiest of all stereotyping processes. Catalogue
on receipt of two stamps. HENRY KAHRS, 240 E. 33d st., New York.

Typecasting Machines.

THOMPSON TYPE MACHINE CO., the Thompson typecaster, 223 W.
Erie st., Chicago ; 38 Park row, New York.

Typefounders.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO., original designs in type and deco¬
rative material, greatest output, most complete selection. Dealer in
wood type, printing machinery and printers’ supplies of all kinds.
Send to nearest house for latest type specimens. Houses — Boston, 270
Congress st. ; New York, 200 William st. ; Philadelphia, 17 S. 6th st. ;
Baltimore, 215 Guilford av. ; Richmond, 1320 E. Franklin st. ; Atlanta,
24 S. Forsyth st. ; Buffalo, 45 N. Division st. ; Pittsburgh, 323 3d av. ;
Cleveland, 15 St. Clair av., N.-E. ; Cincinnati, 646 Main st. ; St. Louis,
23 S. 9th st. ; Chicago, 210 W. Monroe st. ; Detroit, 43 W. Congress st. ;
Kansas City, 10th and Wyandotte sts. ; Minneapolis, 419 4th st. ; Denver,
1621 Blake st. : Los Angeles, 121 N. Broadway ; San Francisco, 820 Mis¬
sion st. ; Portland, 47 4th st. ; Spokane, 340 Sprague av. ; Winnipeg,
Can., 175 McDermot av.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE. Type, borders, brass
rule, printing machinery and printers’ supplies. Address our nearest
house. Philadelphia, 9th and Spruce sts. ; New York, Lafayette and
Howard sts.; Chicago, 1108 South Wabash av. ; San Francisco, 762-766
Mission st.

BARNHART BROTHERS & SPINDLER, manufacturers and origina¬
tors of type-faces, borders, ornaments, cuts, electric-welded chases,
all-brass galleys and other printers’ supplies. Houses at — Chicago,
Dallas, Kansas City, St. Paul, Washington, D. C., St. Louis, Omaha,
Seattle.

HANSEN, H. C., TYPE FOUNDRY (established 1872). 190-192 Con¬
gress st., Boston ; 535-547 Pearl st., cor. Elm, New York.

LET US estimate on your type requirements. EMPIRE TYPE FOUN¬
DRY, Buffalo, N. Y.

Wire- Stitchers.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

Wood Goods.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

STATEMENT OF THE OWNERSHIP, MANAGEMENT, CIRCULA¬
TION, ETC., REQUIRED BY THE ACT OF CONGRESS
OF AUGUST 24, 1912,

Of (insert title of publication) THE INLAND PRINTER, published
(state frequency of issue) monthly at (name of postoffice and State)
Chicago, Illinois, for (state whether for April 1 or October 1) October
1, 1917.

State of Illinois, \

County of Cook.J

Before me, a Notary Public in and for the State and county aforesaid,
personally appeared James Hibben, who, having been duly sworn accord¬
ing to law, deposes and says that he is the (state whether editor, publisher,
business manager or owner) business manager of (insert title of publi¬
cation) THE INLAND PRINTER, and that the following is, to the best
of his knowledge and belief, a true statement of the ownership, manage¬
ment (and if a daily paper, the circulation), etc., of the aforesaid publi¬
cation for the date shown in the above caption, required by the Act of
August 24, 1912, embodied in Section 443, Postal Laws and Regulations,
printed on the reverse of this form, to wit :

1. That the names and addresses of the publisher, editor, managing
editor and business managers are :

Name of Postoffice Address.

Publisher — The Inland Printer Co . 632 Sherman st., Chicago.

Editor — Harry Hillman . 6849 Dante av., Chicago.

Managing Editor — Harry Hillman . 6849 Dante av., Chicago.

Business Manager — James Hibben . Evanston, Ill.

(If there are none, so state.)

2. That the owners are: (Give names and addresses of individual
owners, or, if a corporation, give its name and the names and addresses
of stockholders owning or holding 1 per cent or more of the total amount
of stock. )

Estate of Henry O. Shepard, Deceased, for the benefit of Mrs. Jennie
O. Shepard, 635 S. Ashland av., Chicago, and Mrs. Clara J. Shepard,
635 S. Ashland av., Chicago.

3. That the known bondholders, mortgagees and other security holders
owning or holding 1 per cent or more of total amount of bonds, mort¬
gages or other securities are: (If there are none, so state.)

None.

4. That the two paragraphs next above, giving the names of the own¬
ers, stockholders and security holders, if any, contain not only the list
of stockholders and security holders as they appear upon the books of
the company but also, in cases where the stockholder or security holder
appears upon the books of the company as trustee or in any other fiduciary
relation, the name of the person or corporation for whom such trustee is
acting, is given ; also that the said two paragraphs contain statements
embracing affiant’s full knowledge and belief as to the circumstances and
conditions under which stockholders and security holders who do not
appear upon the books of the company as trustees, hold stock and securi¬
ties in a capacity other than that of a bona fide owner, and this affiant
has no reason to believe that any other person, association or corporation
has any interest, direct or indirect, in the said stock, bonds or other
securities than as so stated by him.

5. That the average number of copies of each issue of this publica¬

tion sold or distributed, through the mails or otherwise, to paid subscribers
during the six months preceding the date shown above is .

(This information is required from daily publications only.)

(Signed) JAMES HIBBEN, Business Manager.

(Signature of editor, publisher, business manager or owner.)

Sworn to and subscribed before me this 18th day of September, 1917.
[SEAL] (Signed) HARRY H. FLINN.

(My commission expires March 31, 1920.)

Form 3526.— Ed. 1916.

NOTE. — This statement must be made in duplicate and both copies
delivered by the publisher to the postmaster, who shall send one copy to
the Third Assistant Postmaster-General (Division of Classification). Wash¬
ington, D. C., and retain the other in the files of the postoffice. The pub¬
lisher must publish a copy of this statement in the second issue printed
next after its filing.

Type-Hi Disc P*aner

Built expressly for Printers ,
Photoengravers , Electrotypers and
Flat-Box Stereotypers

Manufactured by

Type-Hi Mfg. Company, Inc.
Syracuse, N.Y„, U. S. A.

Engraved Christmas Cards

For Personal or Commercial Use

MY SPECIALTY — Series“A.” Four different subjects, neatly
packed, 25 of each design, assorted 100 to a box. Price $2.50 per 100.
Envelopes and delivery included.

NOTE — We will send immediately upon receipt of remittance,
and allow you io days from date of delivery to return them if
not satisfactory. That means you can have your money back.

Offer Expires December i, 1917*

We Considered the Printer When We Designed Our Cards, Our
Samples Prove This. Samples From Our Line Mailed on Request.

We have no connection with any other house.

HARRY W. KING, Manufacturer of ‘ ‘King Kards
312 Cherry St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Our Show Cards and Advertising Ribbons Sell the Cards.

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

wt totgf) you m all sincerity a Jfflerry
Christmas anb a ijappy Jteto §ear

May the Year 1918 Bring Prosperity to You

ONCE again Father Time spreads be¬
fore us the proof of another year’s
work. We are closing our sixty-eighth year
of Roller making. Conditions have been
unusual, but through the friendly co-opera¬
tion of our producers of raw materials we
have been in position to supply the Print¬
ing Trade with good, durable Rollers, and
render prompt, efficient service. As the
Old Year nears its end, we thank all users
of “Fibrous” Rollers for the
support they have given us.

Btng&am Bros Company

New York (Main Office), 406 Pearl Street
Baltimore, 13 1 Colvin Street
Rochester, 89 Allen Street
Philadelphia, 521 Cherry Street

Allied with BINGHAM 8i RUNGE COMPANY
East 1 2 th Street and Power Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio

V -Si

o3y HARK** HILLMAN

HAT wealth of thought
r that one word holaS,
For those who know its
meaning true?

Nor days, nor weeks, nor
months, nor years,
Can end its blessings or
its cheers!

To mankind all, that day
has brought
The dift divine— the
gift Snhlime—

The endleSS peace, the
aim of life,

Which comes through
Sharing’ all our joys.

- — , - — — = — = — = — _= . == — . - n

;

P — — = — ~ — — "u . 5 - "

J -

INLAND PRINTER

c tTRe Leading Iradejoumal o£tRe World

s in tiie Printing and Allied Industries

£.

Vol. 60 DECEMBER, 1917 No. 3

JOHN SWIFT, SUPERINTENDENT-THE MAN

WHO KNEW HOW

By MARTIN HEIR

DEC 5 1917

AS early as Friday afternoon it began to
/\ be whispered about the composing-
/ 1 room of the Haphazard Printing

JL. Company that a new mechanical

superintendent was engaged. Such information
was always welcome, and the gossiper being the
first to convey it was sure of rapt attention. Not
that a happening of this kind was an unusual
occurrence demanding particular recognition;
no, far from it, for of superintendents we had
had many and varied kinds. Still, the informa¬
tion was interesting because of the change it had
in store. And we did not have long to wait.

When I came into the office at a quarter of
eight Monday morning, I saw a lanky youth,
who hardly could have passed more than twenty-
three summers, looking in dead earnest at the
contents of the deadstone. He nodded when
he saw me, and I think I heard him say “ Good
morning,” but I am not sure. He repeated the
same performance for every one coming in.

At about five minutes of eight, when most of
the men had come in and were gathered about
the linotypes wondering who the lanky stranger
could be, he was seen to move in our direction.

“ Good morning, gentlemen,” he said. “ I
am Swift, John Swift, the new superintendent.
I suppose you’ve heard of me.”

Whether it was this surprising information or
the ridiculous part of the situation that made us
3-3

<?» i , : '■

all tongue-tied, I know not; but none of us
seemed to find a word to say. Some of the
younger element even snickered.

Had the Old Man lost his head? Or had
some one put something over on him? Never
before had we seen a new superintendent come
to the office so early in the morning and alone
on his first day of service, and never had we
seen one look more like a second-year appren¬
tice. What did it all mean, anyhow? Was this
to be the worst experience of all?

“Who is in charge now?” he asked.

This time “Dutch” Callahan, as the oldest
member of the force, had accumulated enough
muscle energy to open his mouth.

“No one that I know of,” he volunteered.

“Well,” said the superintendent, “you start
work at eight here, I take it. I suppose you all
know what to do, and during the forenoon we
will become better acquainted and can arrange
matters to best advantage.”

A few minutes afterward one of the galley-
boys came in. As he looked around and saw
the new man at the superintendent’s desk, he
whispered a few words to another boy. Coat
and hat he kept on. When the superintendent
saw him and understood he was one of the force,
he called him to his desk.

“ What’s the matter, old man,” he said, “ain’t
you going to take off your coat? ”

322

THE INLAND PRINTER

“ No,” said the boy, putting his thumbs in the
armholes of his vest, crossing his feet and lift¬
ing his head. “ I think you better hire another

It began to be whispered about the composing-room.

guy. Things are getting mighty funny around
this place, it seems to me.”

“Now, now, now, my friend! Don’t try to
steal a base on me so early in the game. You'll
knock me all to pieces. I’m sure we will become
the best of friends before long. Please don’t
act hasty.”

The boy had his coat off before the last word
was spoken.

On the big cylinder press they had a sixteen-
page catalogue form with which they were hav¬
ing considerable trouble. As the pressman was
seen to go to the superintendent’s desk, “Hank”
whispered, “Here is

print, something pulls up. We worked on it all
day Saturday and didn’t print more than a thou¬
sand sheets. We can’t lose more time on it;
the office won’t stand for it.”

“ Of course, they won’t,” assented
the superintendent. “We’ll have it
fixed in a jiffy. Now, tell me, it’s the
cut justifications that are pulling up,
is it not? ”

“You guessed it,” said the press¬
man. “ The trouble with this office
is that they take bigger work than
they can handle. They didn’t have
enough metal furniture to justify the
cuts, so they used linotype slugs, and
they always pull up when they ain’t
correctly justified. So we can’t print
the form without loss of time.”

“All right,” answered the superin¬
tendent. “Let me see one of the
worst sheets, or mark this one, and I’ll have it
fixed in ten minutes.”

“You will, will you?” exclaimed the press¬
man, ironically. “Hey, Pete,” he yelled, as he
reached the door to the pressroom, “ this new
guy is going to fix the form in ten minutes,
he says.”

“How is he going to do it?” asked Pete;
“ pour glue on it? ”

The superintendent called the galley-boy.

“What’s your name?” he asked.

“John,” answered the boy.

“John, is it? So’s mine. I knew we’d soon

where our young Na¬
poleon will find his
Waterloo, you see if
he doesn’t.”

The pressman laid
a sheet before the su¬
perintendent and told
him that he could not
print the form because
it was not locked up
properly.

“What seems to be

the matter with it?” asked the superintendent.

“The lock-up is bad, I’m tellin’ you,” in¬
sisted the pressman. “There is linotype mat¬
ter, hand composition and all kinds of cuts in
that form, and for every nine or ten sheets we

“I suppose you've heard of me."

become friends. Now, John, I want you to do
me a favor, and in a hurry. My job may de¬
pend on how quick you are. I want you to put
two shovelfuls of linotype slugs in the melting-
pot and put on full steam. Then bring me the

THE INLAND PRINTER

323

small ladle or a big spoon. When the metal is
hot enough to run freely, bring as much as you
can carry in the big ladle — into the pressroom,
you understand.”

“Yes,” said John, on his
way to the pot.

“Now,” said the superin¬
tendent to the pressman,

“ open your form and take out
all the slugs on one side of
each cut. Then lock the form
so the cuts won’t move.”

When John brought the
hot metal, the superintendent
filled the small ladle and
poured hot metal into all the
holes.

“Now open the form again
and take out the slugs on the
other side of the cuts.”

The pressman did as he was
told, and again the superin¬
tendent filled the holes with hot linotype metal.

“Now start your press,” he commanded. “ I
am quite sure you’ll find the form all right.”

He went back to his desk and soon had the
satisfaction of hearing the uninterrupted rum¬
ble of the big cylinder.

When, half an hour afterward, the Old Man
went into the pressroom the pressman said,

“that little trick has been known since the lino¬
types came into the printing-offices. It is quite
a valuable trick, as it saves time and trouble.”

“ I should say it is. It saved the day for us.
It took them thirty-six hours to run ten thousand
of the first form, and I was beginning to figure
a loss on that job. The other forms can be han¬
dled the same way, I suppose?”

“Certainly, sir. There is no better way to
justify catalogue forms, especially in small
offices where metal furniture is scarce.”

“Who has ten-point old-style on the
machine?” queried the superintendent.

“Dutch” Callahan said he had, and
the superintendent handed him a blank
to be set on a double slug. “ Of course,
I know you understand how to set double¬
up matter,” he added.

The fact was, “ Dutch ” did not know ;
and none of us did, for that matter. We
had set quite a few jobs of this kind, but
had nearly always had trouble with them,
either in taking care of the lines so they
ended or started correctly, especially
when there were long paragraphs, or in
finding the division of the lines when cor¬
recting the proofs.

There is a little trick about this matter that
will help considerably if you know it,” continued
the superintendent. “ It’s very easy, however,
and I will be glad to explain if you don’t know
it. This trick consists in never ending the first

“ That guy is all right.” He showed him a
sheet and told him what had happened.

“ Some new invention ? ” said the Old Man to
the superintendent.

“No, no,” the superintendent answered,

324

THE INLAND PRINTER

line or beginning the second one with a space.
That’s all. By using this trick you’ll always
know whether it is the first or the second half
of the line you are setting without counting the
lines, and when you come to correct the proofs,
the division of the lines will be clearly visible.
The only thing you then have to take care of is
the spacing.”

When youth is instructing age, with its sup¬
posed superior knowledge and experience, it
is courting resentment. The superintendent
could feel it instinctively that down in his heart
“Dutch” harbored a feeling that could not be
exactly classified in the thankfulness group.
But he knew full well that the only way for him,
with his youthful appearance, to gain the respect
of this crowd was to show them that he knew
how — to convince them that he had the ability
to master every detail of the printing trade. In
that way only could he expect to fill the position
satisfactorily to himself and his employer.

So he kept on in this manner, ever ready and
willing to render any assistance possible and to
show improved methods for accomplishing the
various operations; and, to the surprise of all,
the chaos that had characterized the composing-
room gradually changed into smooth running
and systematic order. Without noticeable effort,
the superintendent guided the force to produce
the work on time and in the required manner.

“ I wonder where that fellow learned his
trade,” said “ Dutch,” as we went out to dinner
one day. “ They are not usually turned out that
way nowadays.”

“And we all thought he was a fourteen-karat
greenhorn when he came into the office,” sup¬
plemented “ Hank.”

It took some time before the mystery was
solved. And it was the Old Man who brought
the solution. Evidently reading the minds of
the men, he let the cat out of the bag.

“ About seven years ago,” he said, “ two boys
of the same age entered a down-town office as
printer’s apprentices. One was the son of fairly
well-to-do parents; the other of a printer who,
a few years before, had deserted his family,
leaving the mother the care of two boys and a
debt to pay.

“ The first boy I mentioned was fairly bright,
but of a happy-go-lucky disposition that, as he
grew older, drew his interest to things foreign

to the trade he had chosen, while the other used
every chance to gain efficiency within the sphere
of his daily toil. You know how hard it is for
an apprentice to get at the inside workings of
a trade nowadays. If he puts his hand on any¬
thing useful, he is sure of a calling down from
somebody. But somehow he managed. While
the father was still living with his family, he
had now and then brought home a copy of the
leading trade journal. These copies were often
given to the boys as playthings; the pretty pic¬
tures always held their attention, and many a
time were the means of a moment of rest for
the tired mother. But now, after the oldest boy
had become a printer’s apprentice, the dilapi¬
dated copies became sources of interest of
another kind. He was quick enough to see that
information withheld from him at the office
could be found in them. Thus he laid the foun¬
dation for a thorough knowledge. At his work
he gathered all the information possible, while
at home he used every spare moment digging
into these old copies of the trade journal. Of
course, he became what the college student con¬
temptuously calls a ‘ grind,’ and lost a lot of
what people in general consider the essentials
of life. It is hardly possible that he ever could
name the pitchers of even a major-league team,
or that he knew the value of a straight flush or
the meaning of the double O. But he gained
so much information and experience of com¬
posing-room doings that he was paid the scale
as a linotype operator in a catalogue office be¬
fore he was eighteen years old.

“ Now, here is the difference between the two
boys I’ve mentioned: they had equal opportuni¬
ties; but for the one the work became a dreaded
task, endured only because of its necessity as a
means of winning the daily bread; while for the
other it became a labor of love. The one is
today a mediocre printer, hardly worth the scale
and, therefore, always among the first to be laid
off when work is slack. The other has followed
the course he laid out for himself the first year
of his apprenticeship. He has seen the evolu¬
tion of his trade through the trade journals, and
it is quite safe to claim that he is one of those
who know how. Gentlemen, let me introduce
you to your superintendent, Mr. John Swift.
You will soon see whether or not he has chosen
the stock that pays the biggest dividend.”

THE INLAND PRINTER

325

DRESSING THE BOOK

By EDWARD N. TEALL

Editor, “Princeton University Press”

IF I tell you what I read, will you tell me
what I am? Reading has not even so
scientific a basis as eating; and just how
scientific a matter that is, we are told in
a few words in the old saying, “ One man’s
food, another man’s poison.” You can not tell
which man it will poison until ptomaine takes
its painful grip. Can psychology give rules to
make the reading exactly like the writing? Con¬
veyance of thought became an art before it even
acquired a base in science. The most lawless of
creatures is the comma ; and as for the hyphen,
who has mastered it? The proverbial descrip¬
tion of grammarians shows them differing,
irreconcilably.

It is not even certain that, with all our print¬
ing, we have yet hit upon those proportions of
type, type-page and paper-page that carry the
reading eye least laboriously down the column
of typographic characters. How much is an
eyeful? Eyes being not standardized, we must
rest content with averages, the greatest good
of the greatest number. But how are we to
know when we have got it? Printing is a
puzzle; still unsolved — and, to high-hearted
lovers of life’s mysteries, an endless joy.

Punctuation is a necessity of typography; the
printer is tied to his black beast, like the Sien-
kiewicz maiden to the back of the aurochs. If
the printer could punctuate with a free hand,
how much happier printers would be ! And per¬
haps our books would look just as well and read
as easily. Should we have governmental regu¬
lation of punctuation? Paternalism could no
further go. Prescribe our diet, dictate the cut
of our clothes, but touch not our inalienable
right to split our infinitives, to begin every sen¬
tence with a participle, to sprinkle commas from
a pepper-pot, to punctuate for either eye or
lungs as we will — to use a dash when out of
breath or a “screamer” when we dread inat¬
tention, and to tuck our “close quotes” inside
our full stops if we please to wear them so.

But here distinction must be made. The old
Scotchman who would say “ dufference,” what¬

ever his daughters might say in remonstrance,
was willing to be hanged if he could “see any
dufference between dufference and dufference.”
But the dufference is there. It is the difference
between private indulgence, and submission, in
public, to the dictates of convention. You wear
slippers in the house, but not on the street. You
may walk on the left side of a country lane, but
you get jostlings and hard looks if you try it
on Broadway. It is too bad there are no such
automatic penalties for the author who insists
on his divine right of freakishness in punctua¬
tion, and supports himself with quite incontro¬
vertible asseveration of the fact that there is
nothing in the Ten Commandments or the Con¬
stitution of the United States of America to pre¬
vent him from making a fool of himself. (He
“has the makings.”)

The subject has many facets. We choose
to concentrate attention upon one: the pub¬
lisher’s right, in his print-shop, to adopt a
“style” of his own, and the duty — no less —
of his authors to submit to imposition of its
collar on the winged steeds of their fancy (and
“ facts ”) . The relation existing between author
and publisher is like none other. Is the author
a producer (or possessor) of raw materials,
and the publisher a commercial manufacturer
and marketer? Or is the author a real creator
and the publisher his agent? How far may the
publisher go in considering himself a molder of
popular thought, instead of a follower; a pre¬
scribing (preventive) physician, instead of a
caterer? The author needs the publisher, and
without the author the publisher could not pub¬
lish anything; for, as Heaven must know, pub¬
lishers can not write — anything but checks.
So, taking the fences, we must charge straight
at our mark, the relation, in respect of enform-
ing the printed text, of the publisher who is not
a mere job-printer, to his authors.

No book, no “serious” book, is ever typed
without heartburnings over commas and the
comma’s related devils. Too often the question
goes by default; the publisher, with a good case,

326

THE INLAND PRINTER

does not know how good a case he has. He
might just about as well have no case at all. His
shop has no real “ style,” but enough of habit to
conflict at numerous points with the author’s —
not style, but hobbies. “ This is a literary point,”
the author urges; “ it belongs to me.” “ It is a
matter of manufacture,” the publisher replies;
“ it is mine.” And so, between claim and con¬
cession, a pitiful compromise is attained, and the
book comes out without a decent “ dress,” clad
in patchwork of variant “ styles.”

Why bother with style, anyway? “ Style ” in
the restricted sense of spelling, capitalization,
compounding and pointing. Style is a conven¬
tion. Conventions are protective; they adjust
one person’s privileges to another person’s
rights. They are based not on whim but on
sound experience. Punctuation is apparatus. It
works. Like any other machinery, it is most
effective when the system is devised to effect
economy of parts. A missing cog will throw
the whole system out of gear; superfluous trap¬
pings waste power. Strip punctuation to a piti¬
less minimum, and the thought-product comes
out shapeless; overload the machinery, and the
superfluous matter hides the essential form. The
best witness to the efficiency of good punctua¬
tion is the professor of scorn for all punctua¬
tion; depending on intelligence to interpret the
mass of words, he is, at critical points, in the
fix of a translator who loses the high sense in
the niceties of mood and tense. No scoffer but
must turn to respect for the comma when con¬
fronted with the classic example, “A says B is an

ass”; “A, says B, - .” Punctuation is part

of man’s curse. If we can not turn it into a
blessing, we can at any rate make the best of it
by bearing it in the least discommoding way.

There are three ways to punctuate : loosely,
tightly, sensibly. Loose punctuation is like the
clock whose hands are anchored; sometimes
right — but not, like the clock, at regular and
calculable intervals. Tight punctuation takes
the heart out of a text; it is cold, unnatural.
Sensible punctuation does just enough to make
the sense clear. Perfect unambiguity seems un¬
attainable; but medium-done punctuation predi¬
cates reasonableness in its maker, and, given
equal reasonableness in its intended beneficiary,
should get the best results with the least expen¬
diture of means.

One man writes “co-operation.” Another
refuses to recognize such a form, and insists
upon “cooperation.” A third, despising both,
simplifies to “cooperation.” If you read it
“coop,” he is willing to say good-by and go his
way without preventing you free access to your
own. Hyphen and diaeresis (“ dia-r^-sis” of the
print-shop) are extras; the hyphen is one more
character to set, the “ dots-o ” is one more char¬
acter to carry on the machine or in the case.
And “ coop-eration ” you are welcome to, if you
choose to take it that way.

“Yes, I agreed to accept your office style in
my text,” says an author ; “ but I never dreamed
of your committing such an atrocity as this un¬
speakable ‘well to do,’ adjective. I must have
hyphens!” And, to conserve the author’s life
and his own comfort, the publisher injects the
hyphens. The author, straining at this gnat,
swallows what the next author would call a
camel. And this second author sees the first
author’s camel no bigger than a dwarfed gnat.

Hitting only the high places in the field of
argument, we come to this : In his writing, every
man should be welcome to his own style, how¬
ever idiosyncratic, of punctuation. It is part
of his personality in composition. But when he
prints, the situation is more complicated. The
publishing-house has a personality, too. If it is
a house well run, its personality has found ex¬
pression in a style — which may be printed on a
“ Style Sheet,” or simply and still more effec¬
tively recorded in the shop’s community con¬
sciousness. The aim, and the justification of its
being, of such a style is twofold: artistic consis¬
tency in dress, and economy on the time-sheet.

All the books issuing from one house are sol¬
diers in one army; they should have some sort
of uniform. The house may issue text-books,
volumes of essays, and fiction. Here are three
branches of the service, not all to be dressed
alike; but inside the boundaries of each, consis¬
tency is eminently desirable, if only by way of
identification. On the other side of it, time is
saved, in composition, proofreading and correc¬
tion, if the workers know what system they are
expected to follow. This is a matter of real
commercial significance.

The solution of the problem is simple; there¬
fore, shall it be said, hopeless? It brings us to
a definite suggestion of reform: to publishers,

THE INLAND PRINTER

327

that they adopt a style; to authors, that they
submit with the good grace of reasonableness.
In case of authorial unwillingness to accept even
such beneficent dictation, let the publisher be
prepared with alternative suggestions, embody¬
ing the two other possible logical systems. Let
the systems be called A, the shop style ; B and
C, the alternatives which may be ordered when
the copy goes to the shop. Then we may hope
to see books coming from the press neat and
clean, without those irregularities which delay
the reader’s eye and derail his mind, even
though he be not sufficiently versed in the for¬
mulation of punctuation’s art to be able to state

the exact nature of the shock to the sensitive
reading organs.

We could suggest “forms” which publishers
might use in their negotiations with authors, but
that way lies endless consumption of space. It
will be enough if we have set authors and pub¬
lishers to thinking about “efficiency” and ac¬
commodation. That authors will ever be quite
reasonable, or publishers quite clear mindedly
insistent on their rights and duties in these vexed
premises, we have no cause whatever to expect.

But when all the world is writing books, such
things ought to be considered, even though the
Great Default continue.

FROM “TOBWORK” TO SPECIALTY
MANUFACTURING

By G. D. CRAIN, Jr.

WORK in the average printing-
plant is handled by the job.
Each job is different from all
of the others that are going
through, and this fact, of course, means that
costs are relatively high. In the plant making a
specialty, the work is standardized, employees
learn how to handle it expeditiously, there are
long runs without interruption, and for these
reasons costs are relatively low.

This contrast indicates why it is possible for
the printer who keeps his eyes open, and who
takes advantage of an opportunity to standard¬
ize, into a permanent form, work which is com¬
ing in as apparently unrelated “jobs,” to build
up a profitable specialty business, and not only
make a name for himself in that line, but actually
save money for his customers.

Of course, it might be contended, the printer
who arranges matters so that customers are able
to substitute a manufactured product for one
that is made to order on their specifications is
quarreling with his own bread and butter, in
view of the higher price which jobwork com¬
mands. But this contention is hardly logical, in
view of the obvious fact that the most successful
businesses are those which render the best ser¬
vice to their patrons. The printer who is able
to show his trade how to do a thing more eco¬
nomically is not going to lose anything by it; on

the contrary, as experience has amply demon¬
strated, he is more than likely to hew out a little
niche for himself and to create a business which
did not exist before.

For example, a certain printer in a Mary¬
land city had a number of orders for forms and
charts used in the local hospitals. These charts
were numerous and elaborate, covering the con¬
dition of the patient, and providing for record¬
ing data with reference to the laboratory, the
X-ray department, etc. Some of the hospitals
wanted records on which to show the results of
operations, and the character and duration of
the anesthesia. Others added cards used in fol¬
lowing up the patient after his discharge from
the hospital.

The interesting thing about this business was
that the orders in almost every case varied.
Each hospital superintendent apparently had his
own ideas about the character of the informa¬
tion to be compiled, and the best way to compile
it. Naturally, the jobs were handled entirely
without relation to each other, and no attempt
was made to use any of the information devel¬
oped from one hospital in connection with the
preparation of the records of another. This
would have been presumptuous, for one thing,
and was not part of the printer’s job, in any
event. But this printer happened to be a man
of imagination. He realized that hospitals all

328

THE INLAND PRINTER

over the country were buying charts for record¬
keeping purposes in just that way. He appre¬
ciated the fact that the cost of making individual
jobs out of each institution’s work was much
greater than it would have been if all of the
hospitals were using the same kind of forms, and
buying them ready-made. Then he began think¬
ing about the possibilities of getting up a stand¬
ard form that could be used in every hospital.

Conditions happened to be favorable, because
at that very time the hospital people had begun
discussing the necessity of making their records
uniform. Besides, some of the States had
organized bureaus which had supervision over
the hospitals, and these were urging them to put
in record-keeping systems, and to use systems
which would be as nearly similar as possible to
those elsewhere — this to enable statistical mat¬
ter of general interest to be compiled readily.

The printer got in touch with some of these
bureaus, and got copies of the records which
they advocated using. Then he went to the hos¬
pital superintendents for whom he had been do¬
ing work of this character, and explained his
plan. They agreed that it would be an excellent
thing, and helped him to compile a system which
would fit the needs of any hospital. There were
a lot of special forms included, of course, which
would be called for only occasionally; but most
of them were sheets which would be needed by
any institution handling general work.

The printer, who by this time was regarding
himself as a specialty manufacturer, printed a
few hundred thousand of the forms, after they
were approved as being the best that could be
devised for the work, and began advertising
them to the hospitals in his part of the country.
He was able to quote a price much lower than
these institutions had been paying before, be¬
cause, as explained, they had been having their
work done as individual jobs. They immedi¬
ately appreciated the advantage of getting
prompt deliveries and having the forms fur¬
nished at a lower price than they could have
them printed for. Orders began rolling in, and
soon the printer had to increase his stock.

Now his plan is to print the forms by the mil¬
lion, and to carry a big stock of every item. He
has issued the data in catalogue form, so that
hospitals can order as many of each sheet as
their special needs may suggest. These cata¬

logues have been distributed all over the coun¬
try, and result in a constant stream of orders for
this material, the superintendents having gotten
into the habit of turning to this concern when
records are required.

This is one excellent example of how a live
man in the printing business can turn to his own
advantage, as well as that of his customers, a
situation which is not ideal. The hospitals might
have gone on for some time buying records indi¬
vidually, each institution having a separate job
made of its records, and the printing-trade in the
aggregate would have taken in more money than
is the case today, with this printer and one or
two competitors taking care of practically all the
work; but who will say that it was not a good
thing for this printer to devise a standard sys¬
tem which enabled him to operate on a large
scale, and enabled customers to get better ser¬
vice, both as to price and delivery, not to men¬
tion the advantage of having a standard form?

Most people are familiar with the work of a
certain organization which specializes in office
forms. Its experts have studied the require¬
ments of different lines of trade, and in many
cases are able to supply a ready-made article at
a price much below what it would take to print
it in small lots for an individual customer. For
example, the publishing business requires that
careful records be kept of subscriptions, both as
to their origin and the dates of their expiration,
and while practically every publisher uses a card-
index system for this purpose, the character of
the cards used varied considerably until this
establishment developed a standard card.

It is now able to offer publishers a card which
shows all of the information anyone would care
to record in connection with subscriptions, and
tabbed in such a way that it is easy to pick out of
the file those cards carrying subscriptions which
are just expiring. Here again the printer has
been a manufacturer to the extent of cutting pro¬
duction costs through turning out these cards in
immense quantities, thereby enabling them to be
furnished to buyers at very low prices, compared
with what it would take to print them as indi¬
vidual jobs.

In some cases people not in the printing busi¬
ness originate ideas of this kind, and in that
event simply buy the printing and handle the
selling end. But when this happens it merely

THE INLAND PRINTER

329

illustrates an opportunity that some printer
might have taken advantage of, had he been on
the lookout for chances of this kind. And the
fact that outsiders come along and see possibil¬
ities in the standardizing of printed-matter is
another argument in favor of the printer doing
this when he can, since someone else may if he
doesn’t. And there will always be so much
special work which will necessarily have to be
handled as “jobs” that there is no reason to
attempt to spread out the business by refusing
to standardize when this is possible.

In the hotel business, several concerns have
developed specialties which have resulted from
standardization. In one case a card and rack
system of keeping the accounts of guests was
worked out, and this became very popular with
hotels, because it enabled them to keep the rec¬
ord of their rooms in visible form, and likewise
furnished a simple and expeditious method of
handling the accounts. After this plan was
standardized, the man who devised it found that
he could print millions of these cards at a time,
and thereby cut the cost to a very small sum.
These cards are shipped all over the country to
hotels which have found that it is much better
to take the ready-made system of a concern
which has studied this feature rather than to
attempt to develop their own.

It is true that in a number of instances the
printer gets into a specialty because of having
acquired the necessary type and equipment to
handle that particular class of work. Turning
to hotels again, the business of printing hotel
menus is usually a specialty, with one printer in
a town handling it. In some cases, menu print¬
ers who have studied the subject and have
equipped themselves in especially good style
have been able to attract trade from all over
the country, as well as in their immediate local¬
ities, their fine type, excellent stock of paper
suitable for menu work, and artistic ideas on
this subject appealing to hotel men as desirable
features.

Almost every printer who looks about and
who studies the work that goes through his plant
will see opportunities for developing a specialty,
and particularly for standardizing printed-
matter. He will not be in danger of killing the
goose that laid the golden egg when he brings
this about, but he will be in a position to develop
a practical monopoly of that special item of
printing. And as a monopoly based on brains
and initiative has never been frowned upon,
especially when it involves a reduction in the
cost of the product to the consumer, there is no
possible reason why the printer should not make
the most of his opportunities in this direction.

THOUGHT

Thought is the seed of action; but action is
as much its second form as thought is its first.
It rises in thought, to the end that it may be uttered
and acted. Always in proportion to the depth of
its sense does it knock importunately at the gates
of the soul, to be spoken, to be done. — Emerson.

WAITING FOR COPY.

Drawn by John T. Nolf, ex-printer.

THE INLAND PRINTER

331

THE PRINTER AND THE INKMAN

By JOSEPH O. MAY

WHEN, as a pressman, I sent
the proofs that I had pulled
on the job-presses for the cus¬
tomer’s O. K. to the inkmaker,
I often wondered if he recruited his help from
a hospital for the blind and infirm. I did so
because it was almost impossible to have dupli¬
cated by the inkmaker what seemed to me to
be a very simple combination to produce on
the job-presses. Since I myself am employed
by an ink-manufacturing company, I may say
my opinion of previous years has undergone a
considerable change, and I now really think the
lack of “gray matter” is much oftener found
in printers than in inkmakers. In this article
I will try to set forth some of the troubles of
the inkmaker that could easily be eliminated
by a little forethought on the part of the printer.

Let us first see how it sometimes happens
that the color you have proved up on a job-
press for your customer’s O. K. is impossible
to duplicate by the inkman when you are ready
to run the job. The color, be it brown, green,
buff, or any other color, may have been a trifle
too dark while on the press, and you, therefore,
ordered the pressman to brighten it up a bit.
The pressman, without washing the press, dabs
a little white, yellow, red or other color over
the color that is already on the press and pulls
another impression, which gives the shade
wanted for a few proofs for the customer; but
it also causes plenty of trouble if the customer
insists that the completed job shall match the
proofs exactly, for in toning a color in this way
on the press you practically print two layers
of ink on the sheet, giving the effect of a strong
undertone with a light overtone, an effect that
you can not duplicate with a mixed ink.

Another of the inkman’s troubles is caused
by the stock on which the job is to be printed.
The printer receives a sample of color which
the customer wants used on the job. The cus¬
tomer may have this color on a piece of goods,
he may have cut it out of another catalogue
or magazine, or obtained it in any other way.
He gives it to the printer with instructions to

match it for the job. The printer sends it to
the inkman with the same instructions, “ match
this color,” but does not say what kind of stock
he will use for the job. In the absence of fur¬
ther instructions, the inkman matches the color
for approximately the same stock as that on
which the sample is printed. If the sample is
printed on a white-coated paper and the printer
uses it on a tinted or even white book-stock,
it stands to reason that the printer will be dis¬
appointed in the match, and if it is to be used
on boxboard or cloth, what a vast difference
there will be between the sample and the print.
But who would be at fault? Some other points
the inkman should know are: Is the work to
be printed on a job-press, flat-bed or rotary;
is the form to be light or solid, and at what
approximate speed is the press to be run?

The printer should always state what grade
of stock is to be used on the job, and, if pos¬
sible, a sample of the stock should accompany
the order. It may be a trifle inconvenient to
do this, but it will be amply repaid by the time
saved when the job is on the press. Even
coated papers of different grades make a vast
difference in matching colors. This difference is
most noticeable in matching two-tones, double¬
tones, bi-tones, or whatever name is given the
ink that develops into another color after print¬
ing. I have had experience with this ink where
a two-tone green has remained a green on one
stock, and developed into a distinct brown on
another stock, while on other stocks the shade
varied between the two extremes. If the printer
has a job which requires matching a two-tone
ink, it is always advisable to send the inkman
samples of the stock on which it is to be used.

Another requisite is time. As it takes sev¬
eral hours for this ink to develop, it is readily
seen that the inkman requires sufficient time to
test this ink thoroughly.

Another very serious trouble for the printer
is the matter of drying. An ink that will dry
and set quickly on one kind of paper may require
an extra day to dry on another, or, at times, will
not dry or hold for several days on some other

332

THE INLAND PRINTER

kind. This also shows the necessity of furnish¬
ing the inkman with a sample of the stock,
especially when a hard glazed or calendered
paper is to be used.

Another cause of trouble between the inkman
and the printer is the price. The pressman, or
the engraver, in proving the job, uses whatever
color he has in order to get the shade the cus¬
tomer calls for. Not so the color-matcher in
the ink-house; he must weigh off every article
he uses so as to keep a formula, and he must
keep it within a certain price, according to what
the printer will pay. It therefore stands to

reason that if the engraver or pressman used
a $2 ink for making his proofs, the printer can
not expect the same brilliancy and depth in an
ink for which he is willing to pay only $i.

It is also the inkmaker’s duty to give the
printer the best service in his power and live
up to the promises of his salesman, for, even
though the order may be small, it may mean
a lot to the printer to be able to deliver his
job on time.

A more systematic manner of working “hand
in hand” would be beneficial to both the printer
and the inkman.

FROM COPYHOLDER TO PROOFREADER

No. 3 — By H. B. COOPER

A FTER my two adventures in the proof-
room I was again at the case set-
/ % ting type, because I could not be

A. A, idle while I waited for more proof¬
reading to do; and again I was correcting my
own galleys, as in old-time college days. But
there was this difference: In the old days I
was hardly within hailing distance of the proof¬
reader. She came and went as the denizen of
another world, marked my proofs, measured
them — and always generously. But she left
me unawakened to many things. I did not get
the proofreader’s point of view at all. I only
discovered that by bringing my education to
bear upon my own work I could set clean proofs
that took little time to correct; and so it seemed
that I must be approaching nearer and nearer
to proofreader standards, though what they
were I never knew. For she dwelt in a world
apart.

Yes, she knew; I did not know. She was in
touch with authors and contributors; I was not.
She was able to give them what they wanted,
to please them with the elimination of errors
and with the style put into their work. It may
be that she ministered to the vanities of people
somewhat after the fashion that dressmakers
and milliners do, showing them up at their very
best. And is not this always dear to the human
heart?

When again, years afterward, I found myself
working at the case, I had progressed as far as

this: I was no longer the animated automaton,
simply putting in commas where marked. Now
I wanted to know the reason why. I had waked
up ! I had intelligence, and insight, and also
initiative.

One of the first practical discoveries I made
“ by dint of the bodkin ” was in connection with
subordinate elements where a restrictive or non-
restrictive meaning determined the need for a
comma. This I had called the “elusive”
comma, and all summer long it had baffled me
by reason of its being marked sometimes in,
sometimes out of, my proofs. Not always out,
nor always in, but only sometimes; and which¬
ever way it occurred in my proofs, some perver¬
sity made it right the other way.

As mentioned in last month’s article, I needed
a “Stop-Look-Listen” sign or a flagman wav¬
ing a red flag to warn me as I approached one
of these dangerous “ comma places.” If I were
held up for an interval until I could think
whether the meaning of the subordinate ele¬
ment was restrictive, needing no comma, or non-
restrictive, needing a comma, I could usually
adjudge the case rightly. But there was no
flagman waving a red flag for me.

I well remember the very sentence I was cor¬
recting in type when I made my discovery that
the “elusive” comma occurred most frequently
before words beginning with “ wh” — as who ,
winch. I was putting in a comma, as marked,
between the two words “gentleman” and

THE INLAND PRINTER

333

“who” in the sentence, “The next speaker was
a South American gentleman, who had with him
his little boy four years old.” It struck me that
I was going through identically the same mo¬
tions over and over again. I looked back to
see, and sure enough! From beginning to end
of my galley I had done little else but change
commas before “ wh” forms!

Here are illustrative examples (collected
later) :

I can not be sure winch, it is.

But I have told you all I know, wh ich is
enough.

The place where he stays is near by.

We followed the stream to its source, where
(at which) we found —

We know not w/zither thou goest.

Jerusalem is builded as a city, whither the
tribes go up.

None other name whereby we must be saved.

The spirit of adoption, whereby we cry —

It shall prosper in the thing whereto I sent it.

Press toward the mark, whereunto —

The foundation whereon the superstructure
is to be built.

I mentioned the affair, w/zereupon he said —

Postpone this till vacation time, when we can
attend to it.

During all the time when I was with him.

Do you know the reason why he is not
coming?

He told me his reason, why he could not
come.

State w/zether a pink or a blue border is
preferred.

I must settle this in my own way, w/zether
you like it or not.

I could not be idle while I waited ; so I kept
busily at work, while the children played around.

I had found my flagman with the red flag —
“ wh Thereafter I acquired the habit of sens¬
ing danger whenever and wherever one of these
flags waved. To this day, who or whom , whose ,
w/zat, which, whoever , whatever, whichever ,
tc/zomever, w/zomsoever, all remind me to look
twice for the meaning, and if it is non-restrictive
to put the comma in, otherwise not.

It was a great find, and I pass it on. It led
to the discovery of certain other flags besides
“ wh,” which always put me on guard as I see
them flying. Look out for “because,” “so,”

“so as,” “so that,” “such as,” “especially,”
etc. They’re flags! Find some more, and if
you are interested write me about them.

Methinks I hear some one say, after follow¬
ing me thus far in the “From Copyholder to
Proofreader” series: “What a fuss about a
comma? Did you really go through such tor¬
ments, learning to handle the most insignificant
thing on a page ? Why, it took you years ! ”

Yes, I am ashamed to say it did. I was slow.

“And, after all, a comma doesn’t much mat¬
ter, one way or another, unless it changes the
sense. Half the world holds the comma in con¬
tempt. There are a thousand other things of
more importance on every page. What about
them?”

Yes, what about them?

The most scathing criticism of a proofreader
that I ever heard was this : “ There are a thou¬
sand things that he doesn’t know, and that he
never will know.” Coming, as it did, from “ the
man higher up,” it seemed like the signing of
his death warrant. And so it proved. Shortly
thereafter, the place knew him no more.

It begins to look as though somebody is
needed around a printing-office who knows the
thousand things that keep coming up for
authoritative decision, or who knows at least
where to find them.

And now, Friend Copyholder, it is this unique
position that you hope to occupy some day. Per¬
haps you consider yourself within a year or two
of being able to hold down a proofreader’s job.
If so, here are some pointers:

These thousand things in which you have to
become proficient, are you learning some of
them every day? Is the total mounting up and
up, so that it already approximates proofroom
requirements? (I’d like to hand you “Hill’s
Rhetoric” or “Woolley’s Handbook of Com¬
position” out of my desk, and see what you’d
do with it.)

A goodly proportion of these thousand things
must be relegated to the domain of your sub-
consciousness, so that your conscious thoughts
need not be hampered by routine work but be
free always to grasp the sense of what you are
reading. Familiarity with office detail and rou¬
tine, knowledge of type-faces, habits long ago
acquired of watching spacing, punctuation, divi¬
sions of words, capitalization and “style” —

334

THE INLAND PRINTER

how is it that your conscious thoughts wander
sometimes, yet all these matters are fairly well
guarded by your subconsciousness? I knew a
student in Professor Hugo Miinsterberg’s psy¬
chology class at Radcliffe College who used to
practice leaving her routine duties to be attended
to subconsciously, without any diversion of her
conscious thoughts. Many a time have I
watched her as she gathered together the books
she would need for her afternoon recitations,
and the letter that must be mailed on her way
to class, and she would not consciously be at¬
tending to it at all — only subconsciously. Her
thoughts were free for other things, that had
not become a part of her routine. She trained
herself, under Professor Miinsterberg’s guid¬
ance, so that the letter was dropped in the letter¬
box as a matter of course when she came to it.
Of all the things done subconsciously she would
have no definite recollection afterward, but this
did not bother her in the least. “ I must have
mailed my letter,” she would say, “because I
had it with me to mail.” Or, “ I do not have
to go back and see whether I turned off the
gas or locked the door, when that was the rou¬
tine thing for me to do.. I must have done it.”
So she would go to bed at night more care-free
than any of the rest of us, who if we could not
remember about turning off the gas or locking
the door must needs look again to assure our¬
selves. In many ways she had the advantage
over us.

Taking the tip from my friend, I practiced
the same thing in connection with my proof¬
reading. I “let go” a great many routine mat¬
ters that by that time had become a part of
myself and could be looked after subconsciously,
thus freeing my thoughts for sense, and con¬
struction, and the other all-important non¬
routine matters that it is not safe for a
proofreader to let go for a minute. The sense
of what one is reading can never be looked after
subconsciously. It is enough to occupy the
proofreader all the time, even though every¬
thing else were attended to subconsciously. Let
the thoughts wander for a minute and the sense
goes wrong — did you never notice it? What
about such a statement as the following:

“Then, lowering his voice and sweeping a
gesture over us like a cycle reaping tares, the
old minister said — ”

The subconscious mind would pass it without
a protest. Only the mind alert would be able
to visualize the sickle reaping tares — not cycle,
which must have been a typist’s error in the
preparation of the original copy.

Or take this :

“We import about 3,000,000 pounds of
raisins per capita, but the home consumption is
small.”

Per capita for per annum! Yet it takes a
wide-awake proofreader to do more than look
after the spelling and italicizing of the Latin
words. In a perfunctory way, without think¬
ing, we are likely to pass well-nigh everything
that comes along. “Irritated ditches,” “tor¬
turous paths” — even “big base drums” —
would hardly arouse the subconscious mind to
any sense of impending disaster.

But the point that I am making is that the
mind becomes more alert, by far, when it is re¬
lieved of the anxiety of consciously attending to
everything.

In my experiments along this line, I found
that not only matters of routine but old, familiar
things of A B C simplicity could be dismissed
from my conscious thoughts as soon as I had
given them the “ once-over.”

Just an X-ray flash of intelligence, and — let
them go !

They will be taken care of.

More about this next time, especially as it
applies to misspellings.

Do you begin to see that the thousand things
a proofreader needs to know, as author’s or
business man’s secretary and compositor’s guide,
are not a thousand confusing things that crowd
each other out of mind? They have mostly be¬
come a part of his subconsciousness now, after
long experience in books and the making of
books. And they make him what he is, the
authority — the man who knows.

Friend Copyholder, I sincerely hope you may
occupy this position some day. There’s keen
competition ahead of you in the business world;
but if you are ambitiously saying to yourself,
“ Some one has got to be at the top and I might
as well be that one,” I’m glad of it and I’ll try
to help you get there. Until you hear from
me again in the next issue, just spend a little
time appraising yourself as (a) author’s or
business man’s secretary, and (b) compositor’s

THE INLAND PRINTER

335

guide — since it is this unusual combination that
makes the proofreader. What would you be
worth? What sort of letters could you write?
The letters that you do write, now — are they
error-proof, or a scrawl? Have you the capac¬

ity to render expert service in any line? Have
you won the confidence of all who know you,
so that they are expecting to see you get to the
top one of these days? You’d better think it
over, and think it over very carefully.

EFFICIENCY THE WATCHWORD

By A. ERNEST MOWREY

A response to the article entitled “ Combining a Daily Newspaper and Job-Printing Depart¬
ment ” on page 59 of the April issue, which was in answer to the article “Magical Tips on
the Black Art — Nuisance or No?” in the February issue.

TO begin with, the writer does not
wish this article to be misinterpreted
as being a refutation of the claims
made by the author in the above-
mentioned previous article. Perhaps in that
particular town, and in that particular plant —
there may be more — it is possible to handle
the newspaper as a job in the job-printing de¬
partment. Perhaps, too, it is even possible to
maintain a cost system in such a plant. But if
such be the case, it is a very rare occurrence in
this day of cost and efficiency methods.

The problem of turning out a daily news¬
paper is, of necessity, a different proposition
from that of producing individual printed-
matter to suit the tastes of a thousand and one
different clients. For that very reason it is an
uncontradicted fact that each department, to
be run correctly and produce results, should be
manned by specialists in that particular line.

In the old days an all-around printer could
do anything so long as it was “ settin’ type or
make-up.” But where is that printer to-day?
The demand is rather small, and is getting
smaller. Nearly always it will be found that
the man who can do everything can do no one
thing exceptionally well. Therefore, a job-
printer should be a job-printer and a newspaper-
printer a newspaper-printer. Of course, there
may be hosts of very capable compositors who
can hold down jobs very worthily on either the
advertising or job end of the business. But,
out of this questionably great number of gen¬
eral printers, the ratio of those who can credit¬
ably hold down two jobs at the same time —
job-printing half the day and newspaper-print¬
ing the other half — are exceedingly small.

It is very true that only really exceptional
men can keep up interest in their work with
only part of their time devoted to it. The
writer quotes from the authority of many years
of experience when he says that only those
men can be really efficient in any particular line
of work who give it their undivided attention.
We are all well aware that there have been, are,
and always will be, exceptions to all rules. But
in trying to handle this problem of combining
the daily newspaper and job-printing depart¬
ment under the management of one general
staff of printers, we must take into consider¬
ation the business as a whole and not as indi¬
vidual, exceptional cases.

Each department should be run separately
— as much so as possible. In the case of a
plant employing one general staff of printers
whose duties are divided between job and news¬
paper, not only does the product of each de¬
partment suffer for want of more efficient
workmen, but also the plant, of necessity, loses
real actual dollars and cents during those hours
when the jobbers or other job equipment stand
idle. The only way to make ends meet in the
printing business — and, incidentally, have a
little cash left over for the boss to call profit —
is to study and keep tab on and really know
one’s costs. Each department should carry its
own responsibility and a just proportion of the
overhead expenses. For instance, all work
done for the daily, such as the cutting of wrap¬
pers, mailing-list, copy-paper, etc., from job-
stock, the printing of labels for the bundles,
carrier-receipts and all kinds of office forms
used entirely in the circulation department, and
many other items of otherwise actual value,

336

THE INLAND PRINTER

should be charged directly to the newspaper
department the same as if that department
were dependent upon an outside print-shop for
such service. On the other hand, if the job
department carries an advertisement in the
daily, depends upon the linotypes to set up its
straight matter, or receives help in any form
from the newspaper department, such service
should be charged to the job department the
same as any other expense. But as no two
shops are run exactly alike, the problem of
keeping each department separate and making
each pay for itself is one which is strictly up to
the management of each concern.

Mark Twain had three rules for writing.
The first was “Write,” the second was “Write”
and the third was “Write.” Likewise there
are three never-to-be-trifled-with rules in the
printer’s game. They are, firstly, “Work”;
secondly, “Work,” and thirdly, “Work.”
Now, with work for a basis of success, it re¬
mains for the master hand to separate, divide
and direct into the proper channels so as to
concentrate and produce best results. There
is a way whereby it requires two units of effort
to produce one of result: inefficiency and lack
of system. There is also a way whereby one
unit of effort may produce two of result: sys¬
tem and efficiency.

There is no good reason why, in any town or
in any plant, a newspaper and job-printing de¬
partment should be combined under one man¬
agement and put out by one general staff of

printers. If there is not enough job-work to
be had in the town to keep the jobbers busy,
and a demand for more of the better kind can
not be created, it were better to dispense with
some of the equipment. But that which is
retained should be kept busy all the time. It
is seldom that a good salesman can not create
some demand for the better class of printing.
And here again comes up a big question.

The man who knows newspaper advertising
well enough to make a good solicitor should
stick to it and specialize in that line. It is sel¬
dom indeed that we find an advertising man
whose ability can not be improved. The sell¬
ing of good printed-matter is a problem for
the practical man who knows and understands
the ins and outs of creating printed-matter.
There are too many men who try to combine
advertising soliciting and printing salesmanship.
They don’t mix. A man may be ever so good
a salesman so long as he has his set of figures
to sell space by. Printed-matter is not sold by
the square inch, the number of words or lines,
nor the number of insertions. In other words,
and in terms which some one has spoken, “ one
sells a specially created manufactured product
— the other sells necessary contributions to the
representative of the public at so much per.”

In this day of specialization and efficiency
testing, not only should each plant try to spe¬
cialize on some one particular output, but each
man employed should likewise specialize in his
particular calling.

HE that studies only men, will get
the body of knowledge without
the soul; and he that studies only books,
the soul without the body. He that
to what he sees, adds observation, and
to what he reads, reflection, is in the
right road to knowledge, provided that
in scrutinizing the hearts of others,
he neglects not his own. — COLTON.

THE USE OF COLOR AS APPLIED TO CATALOGUE
ILLUSTRATIONS.

Printed by the Henry O. Shepard Company, Chicago, from four-color process plates made by the
Zeese-Wilkinson Company, New York city. Ault & Wiborg process inks
used. Shown by courtesy of Cluett, Peabody & Co.

THE INLAND PRINTER

337

A point strongly emphasized by one of the
speakers at the Chicago convention during Sep¬
tember was that printers must sell service in addi¬
tion to printing, and that they must get paid for
that service as well as for the printing. This is
a matter that should receive the serious considera¬
tion of all proprietors of printing-plants. The
printer who is equipped to sell service as well as
printing does not find it necessary to take work
on the competitive basis, and the sooner work taken
solely on the competitive basis is eliminated the
better it will be for the industry in general.

Is Printing an Essential Industry ?

Is printing a non-essential business, or is it an
essential business? This question is raised after
reading War Bulletin No. 29, issued by the Cham¬
ber of Commerce of the United States, through
its Committee on Cooperation with the Council
of National Defense. The bulletin is reprinted
elsewhere in this issue.

In a certain sense, printing is non-essential;
that is, so far as furnishing materials and sup¬
plies for the conduct of the war is concerned. On
the other hand, printing is an absolute necessity,
both to the welfare of the business institutions
and to the people of the country. Furthermore,
printing is the most effective means — the only
means, in fact — by which the various branches
of the Government can disseminate their mes¬
sages and the other information which must be
imparted to the people of the country, not only
for awakening them to the seriousness of the sit¬
uation, but also for creating widespread interest
and action in connection with their plans for the
successful prosecution of the war.

As has been set forth in another article in this
issue, “ The public must be enabled to read in its
newspapers and periodicals of the need for a big
army ; the man on the street must be ‘ sold ’ on
the Liberty Loan by means of posters; window-
cards are needed for the Food Administration;
and printed-matter circulating freely is the very
life-blood of the Red Cross.”

In times of war, it is essential that the morale
of the entire population be maintained at the
3-4

highest degree. One hears of the morale of troops
on every hand. Spirit has much to do with victory
or defeat. The morale of those at home is as im¬
portant as that of the troops in the trenches. The
recent Russian collapse was in part due to unrest,
a low state of morale, behind the fighting lines —
in the centers of population. The army did not
go to pieces first, we are told. The people listened
to pro-German agitators, who swayed them be¬
cause times were hard, shops were closed, people
idle. Men and women who are busy, who are able
to maintain their homes with the minimum of
disadvantages unavoidable in war times, do not
easily fall victims to such parasites, hungry for
power and expecting to ride to it on the crest of
dissatisfaction.

If the war is to be won, and it will, money must
be raised in billions. Liberty Bonds must be sold,
and the Y. M. C. A. and the Red Cross must have
funds, and more funds. To subscribe to these
meritorious causes the people must have money.
To have money they must have work.

Manufacturing must continue to provide em¬
ployment for the people. Goods must be sold to
enable manufacturers to make more. One man
must have money to buy what another is making.
Here, then, is the secret of maintaining a high
morale in the people at home. Its truth can hardly
be denied.

Realizing, then, the importance of printing as
a selling force, is not printing essential to the suc¬
cessful prosecution of the war?

While many of the industries of the country
will, of necessity, be devoting their entire produc¬
tion to war materials and supplies, they will, at
the same time, require printed-matter. It is also
essential that the various manufacturers continue
their publicity campaigns — curtailed to some ex¬
tent, possibly, though the consensus of opinion
seems to be that they are going ahead as usual —
in order to maintain their standing in the business
world and be ready to resume normal operation
the moment the war is ended.

With large numbers of our young men leaving
the ranks of industry and going to the front, and
many others leaving their regular occupations to

338

THE INLAND PRINTER

devote their time to work in plants that are pro¬
ducing the materials of warfare, manufacturers
will be forced to devise ways and means for con¬
tinuing the distribution of their products, and
printed-matter — advertising — presents the most
logical method for doing this in the most efficient
and economical manner.

It is certain there will be curtailment in some
classes of printing. This is to be expected. But,
taken as a whole, the printing industry must go
forward if other industries are to go forward and
we, as a nation, are to assume our rightful place
in international trade after the war.

We must not lose sight of the fact that greater
results will be expected from the printed-matter
that is produced, however, and that this will de¬
mand a higher grade of work than heretofore.
Printed-matter must be made to put over its mes¬
sage in the most effective manner possible. It
must be made to attract immediate attention and
to force action — to produce results. By all means,
it must be made to “ keep out of the waste-basket.”
Elimination of waste is an absolute necessity —
and this applies to printed-matter as well as to
other things.

This will require extra thought and study on
the part of printers, and printers can render val¬
uable service to their customers, and also to the
country, by assisting them in producing their
printed-matter in such a manner that it will pro¬
duce results efficiently and economically.

In common with all other industries, the print¬
ing industry stands ready to sacrifice to the end,
but it is to be hoped that no action will be taken
that will seriously cripple it.

Second-Class Postage Rates.

From all indications, it is evident that a strong
effort will be made after Congress convenes early
in December to have the new schedule of second-
class postage rates readjusted, if not repealed.
Surely no one can be opposed to a fair and proper
taxation during times of stress such as the pres¬
ent, but, as passed at the last session, the increase
in second-class rates is far from being “ just and
proper ” — it is beyond reason. As has been stated
on numerous occasions, the increase will work a
hardship on the publishers of the country, and, in
view of the other taxes which they will have to
pay, and are willing to pay, will force a large num¬
ber out of business. This will react heavily on
the printing industry, which will also be seriously
affected in other ways by the increase.

One of the strongest arguments presented in
favor of the increase in second-class rates was
that the PostofRce Department was losing money,

and that this loss was caused by the second-class
mail. This question has been handled so effec¬
tively in an editorial appearing in N ewspciperdom
(issue of November 8) that we give it in full here :

We do not know how those senators who helped push through the
new postal regulations will reconcile themselves with the action of the
Postoffice Department in turning over to the Treasury Department a
surplus of $9,000,000. From boyhood we have been told that the Gov¬
ernment ran the Postoffice Department for the benefit of our people
solely, and that the matter of making profits out of the system was for¬
eign to the subject. And yet, with higher prices in mail transporta¬
tion, wages, postoffice rentals, etc., we now learn that the Government
earned $9,000,000 the last fiscal year. The New York Times , commenting
on the big postal revenue profit, said :

“ The Postoffice Department has turned into the Treasury a surplus
of $9,000,000, declared to be the largest in its history, and which, accord¬
ing to those opposed to the increased postal rates imposed in the Revenue
Bill, is a direct refutation of the contention that there was a deficit in
the system, due mainly to second-class matter which was carried at a loss
of $80,000,000 a year.

“ The great surplus earned by the department shows that there was
no great need for increased rates on all kinds of matter. In other words,
the increased rates made in the last bill were merely for taxation pur¬
poses and had no bearing upon the condition of the Postoffice Department,
which was not intended to be a money-making part of the Government.

“ If the same ratio of business is maintained in the next fiscal year,
it is estimated that with the increased rates on all kinds of mail the sur¬
plus will not be less than $75,000,000. The experts for the Government,
in making up the Revenue Bill, estimated that the increases would bring
in $60,000,000. The rate on second-class matter, which during the pres¬
ent fiscal year was one cent a pound, was more than doubled in the
Revenue Bill, the rates being increased to one and one-fourth cents a
pound for news and literary matter, and the advertising matter carrying
rates starting with one and one-half cents and going as high as eight
cents, according to zone.

“ The zone rates are the same as those of the parcel-post zone system.
First-class matter is increased fifty per cent by the Revenue Bill, the rate
of two cents an ounce being increased to three cents. Drop-letters here¬
after must carry a two-cent stamp, and postal cards will be two cents.
The report of the Postoffice Department showing this extraordinary sur¬
plus will undoubtedly be used by Senator Penrose as a strong argument
for a revision of the Revenue Bill dealing with postal rates. After the
bill had been enacted. Senator Penrose declared that the increase in the
postal rates was unjustified, and that he would move to have it amended
in the coming session.

“ Mr. Penrose said that he would present a bill to the Senate next
session to modify not only the rates on first-class but also on second-class
matter. He believes that there should be a slight increase on second-
class matter, but only after a careful inquiry, and after it has been accu¬
rately ascertained what it costs to carry second-class matter. The figures,
always referred to by the Postoffice Department, namely, that it costs
the Government $80,000,000 a year to transport newspapers and peri¬
odicals, are not accurate, Senator Penrose has always contended. The
report presented will probably supply the next Congress with the most
convincing argument against the rates imposed in the last Revenue Bill,
and a complete reorganization of the Postoffice Department may result
from the disclosures, which were a surprise to congressmen.”

Another editorial paragraph in the same issue,
on which we would place additional emphasis,
states that, “ With the date for the reconvening
of Congress but a few weeks distant, it behooves
newspaper publishers [we would also add print¬
ers and publishers in general] who desire a repeal
or rearrangement of the new schedule of second-
class postage rates to bestir themselves to organ¬
ize for a most active campaign of protest. Senator
Smoot and various other congressmen have prom¬
ised to support the newspaper cause, but it may
just as well be understood in the beginning that
only very vigorous effort, and effort dating from
the very day Congress opens, will result in a
satisfactory reopening of this second-class rate
question.”

THE INLAND PRINTER

339

While our columns are always open lor the discussion ol any relevant subject, we do not necessarily indorse the opinions of contributors. Anony¬
mous letters will not be noticed; therefore correspondents will please give their names not necessarily for publication,
but as a guarantee of good faith. All letters of more than one thousand words will be subject to revision.

“SIMPLIFYING ORIENTAL LANGUAGES,”

To the Editor: London, England.

I have read with great interest the article in the Aug¬
ust number of your journal entitled “ Simplifying Oriental
Languages,” by Mr. Willis B. Hall. The success achieved
by Dr. David Lee in adapting the Korean alphabetical
script to modern typographical usage is one upon which
he may justly be congratulated, but it does not appear to
solve the larger problem referred to by Mr. Hall, namely,
the application of an alphabetical system to the ideo¬
graphic writing of China and Japan. The Korean syl¬
labary, ancient as its origin is, has never been favored
by the literary class in Korea, who pride themselves upon
their knowledge of the Chinese script. All official docu¬
ments, at any rate previous to the Japanese occupation,
were written in the Chinese script, the alphabetical form
of writing being considered only fit for the use of women
or illiterate men. Professor Hurlburt, Mr. Hall tells us,
is of opinion that this script can be applied to the Chinese
and Japanese languages; but it is admitted that the
proposition is open to question, and in any case it seems
most improbable that either China or Japan would be
inclined to utilize the despised script of a small nation,
subject at one time or another to both empires, in the
reproduction of a written language of which they are so
rightly proud. As a matter of fact, neither the educa¬
tional authorities of China nor of Japan are in favor of
simplifying their respective ideographic writing with its
vast store of literature. In Japan, where education is
compulsory as well as thorough, all children are taught
to read and write, and the great newspaper press of that
country demonstrates the universality of the knowledge
of the Japanese script. In China, compulsory education
exists in theory but is very far from being universal or
systematic, and it may safely be said that out of a popu¬
lation variously estimated at from three to four hundred
million people, not twenty per cent can either read or
write, and it must be many years before an appreciable
reduction can be anticipated of this enormous proportion
of illiterates. As Professor Hurlburt justly observes,
China needs an alphabet, though I would qualify this
assertion by saying that uneducated China needs an alpha¬
bet, and he is echoing an opinion that has been held by
missionaries and others for the past fifty years and more.
The Japanese scholar in Hawaii who prints Japanese in
roman characters has made no new discovery, for the same
process has been adopted by missionaries in China for
many years. But this plan has found few adherents, as
it is open to the objection that no agreement can be come
to as to the standardization of the spelling to be adopted,
while diversities of dialects add to the confusion. Of
late years attempts have been made, chiefly by Chinese

students educated abroad, to construct a Chinese alphabet
based on the Japanese kana, while one ingenious Chinese
has applied a system of shorthand to the solution of the
problem. But, with the exception of “ romanized ” Chi¬
nese, which is admittedly ineffective, all these systems
suffer from the same disadvantage: they can not be
adapted to the linotype machine or to the typewriter, nor
do they lend themselves to the production of variations
of dialect. This difficulty has been overcome by the inge¬
nuity of Messrs. Legros and Grant, linotype inventors,
who have made use of a system invented by a native Chi¬
nese scholar and already in use in certain parts of China,
magazines and pamphlets being printed in the script from
movable type. A full description of this script and the
method of its application will be found in their recently
published book, “ Typographical Printing Surfaces,” by
Legros and Grant (Longmans, Green & Co., pp. 495-514),
which was reviewed in the March number of your jour¬
nal (p. 815).

I am induced to address you on this subject in order
to correct an impression, which Mr. Willis Hall’s inter¬
esting paper appears to me to convey, that the problem
of reproducing Chinese ideographs in an alphabetical form
suitable for the linotype machine has not yet been solved.
My share in its solution was limited to the introduction of
the Chinese script, which they have adapted, to the notice
of Messrs. Legros and Grant, and to an explanatory memo¬
randum on the method of using it which they have repro¬
duced in their book. They have successfully dealt with
this type on a linotype machine, and the Remington Type¬
writer Company, of New York, has already produced,
under the supervision of Messrs. Legros and Grant, a
typewriting-machine which is fitted with this type, and
has been used with complete success. Moreover, I under¬
stand that a well-known British typewriter company has
made arrangements with the inventors and patentees for
the production of machinery equipped with this type, the
form of the component characters of which, as stated
above, is of Chinese origin and, therefore, not altogether
unfamiliar to the Chinese.

The mechanical difficulties encountered in the applica¬
tion of the system to the linotype or other typesetting and
composing machines are of the same nature as those over¬
come in adapting the system to the typewriter. These
difficulties are so great that they would have prevented
the practical possibility of the application of this system
in its original form as presented by the Chinese inventor,
owing to the large number of combinations of characters
or symbols which were required. This difficulty exists
also in the Korean characters, and though of less magni¬
tude, evidence of its influence appears in the later forms
of Dr. David Lee’s adaptation to composition, in which it

340

THE INLAND PRINTER

is stated that he intends “ to inaugurate a further change
of reading from left to right instead of from above to
below.” In other words, it appears that Doctor Lee pro¬
poses to adopt the European method of reading the line
horizontally instead of the universal native method of
reading from above to below. The system of Messrs.
Legros and Grant retains the perpendicular method of
reading.

The influence of the composing-machine on European
composition has shown itself in the change made in the
representation of fractions by the elimination of the hori¬
zontal bar. Whereas fractions formerly read downwards
(as TV) , in ordinary composition the solidus is now used,
and they read horizontally (as 1/14) where machine com¬
position is used. This has doubtless suggested the hori¬
zontal system to Doctor Lee.

Why, it may be asked, if this system is so simple and
so easily acquired, has it not been adopted by the Chinese?
The answer to that question lies in the fact that the
assimilation of new ideas and the adoption of novel meth¬
ods is a slow process in China. Moreover, it is by no
means an easy matter to move the Government of China
to take up an invention, system or innovation that does
not appeal to their sense of fitness. If the simplification
of Chinese writing met with the approval of the lettered
class, a system of one kind or another would certainly
have been introduced into all the public schools of China.
Until the Government can be aroused to an appreciation
of this important question, it must be left to the foreigner
in the land to bring about the desired reform by personal
effort and united endeavor. Unity is the great difficulty
where there is diversity of opinions and theories as to the
merits of this, that or the other system. Meanwhile I
venture to think that Messrs. Legros and Grant are enti¬
tled to the credit of having solved a problem which has
hitherto baffled so many attacks.

Walter C. Hillier.

Note. — We are glad to receive and present to our
readers this interesting letter from the eminent authority,
Sir Walter C. Hillier, who was formerly Chinese Secre¬
tary to His British Majesty’s Legation in Peking, and at
one time Consul-General in Korea. Sir Hillier, we are
advised, is held in the highest esteem in China, and is
regarded by the Chinese Government as the great author¬
ity on matters pertaining to the relationship of the British
Government with the Chinese.

IS THE COST SYSTEM OVERDONE?

To the Editor: Columbus, Ohio.

After many years’ experience in printing-offices where
they have had cost systems and in others where they have
had none, and seeing both sides of the picture, I am con¬
vinced that a great deal of the so-called need of system can
be summed up in the one word, “ bunk ” — we can look a
long way before a more fitting word presents itself.

A man with a sharp pencil can prove a great many
things in theory that, judged by a firm’s bank account, are
very poor in practice. For example, we are told on all
sides we should get at least $1.50 per hour for composi¬
tion, and he can also prove to us, on paper, that that is a
very conservative figure; but when he goes out in compe¬
tition with these figures he is badly beaten, not only by his
own local competitors, but by others from cities much
larger and where wage scales and rents are much higher.

The old adage as laid down in the Golden Rule should
apply in our game as in others, but how many of our men
would knowingly buy goods in a store where they knew

the percentage of profit was from one hundred per cent to
one hundred and twenty-five per cent? Not one.

Still, we estimators and salesmen are confronted with
this same thing every day of our lives.

For example, our wages in the composing-room are $24,
or 50 cents an hour for a forty-eight-hour week. Say we
double that, which gives us $1, and then we are supposed
to add twenty-five per cent to that, which makes it over
$1. Of course, you all cry in unison, “ How about our
non-chargeable time?” I say that is your fault, not the
employees’. You would not, if you knew it, shoulder other
people’s losses.

If you look back over the span of years to your jour¬
neyman days, the “ old man ” did not have an elaborate
system, but, in many cases, he left an establishment that
is still doing business every day, and, better still, it made
more money in proportion to the size of the plant than
that firm is making now.

I am not against cost systems, but I am against the
oversystematizing, or letting a cost system run away with
good judgment and business. You can not make me
believe a concern in a small city, where rents and wage
scales are lower, must charge such outlandish high prices,
even higher than in the larger cities where rents are from
three to four times higher and wages from $5 to $10 more.

Speaking of our non-productive time, how much has
our high-percentage neighbor, the druggist? None. The
moment his clerk or clerks have finished with a customer
they immediately start filling capsules and putting up
tinctures, etc. And they usually are members of a union, too.

The most successful printer I know took the weekly
wage of his highest-priced man in each department and
multiplied it by two, and has used that basis as his selling
price in all the eleven years of his business life — and he
spends three months each year in travel, owns two auto¬
mobiles, his own home, and not a cent on his plant, nor
does he have to solicit a cent’s worth of business.

How about you, Brother Printer?

H. P. Deforest.

Editor’s Note. — For an answer to the above letter,
we refer our readers to the article appearing on page 345,
under the Cost and Method Department.

REFERRED TO EMPLOYING PRINTERS IN CENTRAL
OR WESTERN IOWA.

To the Editor: Anamosa, Iowa.

Please send me your catalogue of books for printers,
also information about the I. T. U. Course, and please
place my application in The Man and the Field Department
for December issue, as I am due for a parole the first of
that month. I have had three years’ experience in shops
before coming here, and while here have spent two years
under a competent instructor. Have spent the past eight
months reading proof on jobwork and books; can operate
Gordon presses and am good on job and ad work. Prefer
work in the office of a small weekly paper or a job-shop.
Must be in the State of Iowa, and employer must be will¬
ing to sign my parole papers and hire me for at least one
year. Would prefer work in western Iowa or in the
central part, close to Des Moines.

A Constant Reader.

Editor’s Note. — As The Man and the Field Department
has been discontinued, we gladly give this space for the
application, and believe the opportunity sought will be
forthcoming. Any employer who desires to offer this young
man an opening can get in touch with him by addressing
No. 7879, Box B, Anamosa, Iowa.

THE INLAND PRINTER

341

Compiled for The Inland Printer.

INCIDENTS IN FOREIGN GRAPHIC CIRCLES.

BY OUB SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT.

GREAT BRITAIN.

It is estimated that nearly five million dollars’ worth
of printing is produced every week in the United Kingdom.

Samuel Elliott, who was the founder of the New
York Daily Graphic, has succumbed to injuries received in
an automobile accident in London.

Last year the War Office put a ban on mailing Christ¬
mas and New Year cards to the United States and Canada.
For this year the order has been rescinded.

According to late statistics, the number of organiza¬
tions in Great Britain representing the printing, bookbind¬
ing and allied trades is twenty-six, with a membership
of 92,509.

There is not much demand now for advertising matter
in the shape of catalogues, calendars, etc., and art printers
and lithographers are worse hit than any other branch of
the graphic trade.

The Paper Commission has made an appeal to the pub¬
lic to use fewer pasteboard boxes. Owing to the increasing
employment for war purposes, drastic reductions in gen¬
eral manufactures must be made and the people are asked
to cooperate to achieve the object in view.

It is reported that book publishing is almost at a stand¬
still, except in the case of war novels now being issued at
a minimum price of about 1 shilling, instead of 6 Vs pence,
and these are printed on a cheap quality of news-paper.
Still, there is plenty of literature of all kinds in the shops,
often at pre-war prices.

The London Financial News says that the morning
newspaper reader should not forget the courage of the
army of editors, sub-editors, proofreaders, compositors,
pressmen, etc., who nightly work for his benefit in an
area which may be bombed at any moment. The public
is so accustomed to its newspaper that it is apt to forget
the conditions, demanding a considerable degree of some¬
thing that is not far short of heroism, under which it is
at present produced.

The Liverpool Post reflects upon an “ enterprising ”
practice of certain London papers, of which examples may
he found daily without trouble. For instance, one used a pic¬
ture of a workyard containing smashed machinery, twisted
iron, debris, and every indication of a fierce cataclysm,
as an illustration of the effects of a bomb thrown from
.an enemy aeroplane. As a matter of fact, it was a pho¬
tograph showing the damage done by a boiler explosion.

Since the war began the British and Foreign Bible
Society has provided over sixty million Bibles, in sixty lan¬
guages, for use in camp, trench, dug-out, barrack-room,
prison, battle-ship and hospital, for friend and foe, at a
■cost of £257,263, and will require £30,000 more for 1917,
to provide which an emergency fund has been opened.
Seven new languages have been added to the translation
of the Bible, making the total number of versions 504.
One recent version is in Hakka, for use by fifteen million
Chinese. The number of Bibles circulated in 1916 was
■9,539,235.

A statement was made before the Somerset Tribunal
that the Typographical Society refused to permit women
to take the places of men as monotype operators. Refer¬
ring to this, the secretary of the Typographical Associa¬
tion explains that the society did not object to women

working as printers so long as they served their time at
the trade as men did. To work a monotype machine a
man had to serve a seven years’ apprenticeship, and he
was not allowed to go on the machine until the last two
years of his apprenticeship. The society could not agree
to women coming in without serving the same apprentice¬
ship as men, but was prepared to consider the admission
of women on that condition.

GERMANY.

It is reported that another increase in the price of
glycerin was made since July 1, and that it now costs 12
marks per kilogram ($1.40 per pound), equal to about
1,000 per cent of the pre-war cost.

Some German paper-mills seem to be prosperous. The
Ammendorf Papierfabrik declared a dividend for 1916-17
of thirty-six per cent; the Crollwitzer Aktien-Papier-
fabrik sixteen per cent for its past fiscal year, and the
Kartonagen-Industrie in Dresden-Loschwitz twenty-eight
per cent.

Speaking of a largely used paper substitute for cloth,
a correspondent from Germany says that scraps of linen,
cotton and woolen materials, carefully collected, are em¬
ployed in its manufacture, though it is composed princi¬
pally of wood-pulp, obtained mainly from Sweden. It is
almost indistinguishable from linen or other real cloth,
and it is made moisture-proof; also sometimes dyed, to
render it attractive in appearance. When woven it is
used for tent covers, sacks and sandbags, also for work¬
men’s costumes, blouses, etc., and children’s clothing; it
is also capable of being used for ladies’ dresses. The
paper, before being woven, is cut into strips three-
sixteenths of an inch or so wide. The threadmaking is
done on ring-spinning or twisting frames. At first the
Government did not want this paper material, but now
it is much requisitioned for military purposes, and even
the remnants are collected and used the same way as rem¬
nants of cotton, linen and woolen cloths.

FRANCE.

The Chicago Tribune publishes a daily “ army edi¬
tion ” in France, for circulation among the American
troops.

The shortage of paper situation in France being so
acute, another official decree has been issued, which raises
the price of Parisian daily papers which were formerly
sold at 1 cent to 2 cents. It is expected that this advance
in price will cut the circulations of the papers by forty
to fifty per cent.

France has a number of newspapers which have passed
their hundredth year of publication. The Journal de
Havre is 166 years old, the Journal de Rouen 156 years,
the Journal du Cher 115 years, L’Echo de la Mayenne 105
years, the Progress de I’Oise 101 years, and the Journal
du Loiret has just celebrated its centennial.

A Russian chemist at Paris is said to have invented
a new printing-ink, which has the property of fading away
completely in a short time. The great advantage of this
invention would be the possibility of pulping the paper
already containing print and using it over again for mak¬
ing new paper, without, as at present, any considerable
loss of bulk due to the indelibility of ordinary ink.

The Norwegian paper-mills have annulled their con¬
tracts with the French press for furnishing paper, on the
ground of force majeure. The Swedish Government pro¬
hibits the export of manufactured paper and Swedish mills
have taken advantage of this to annul their contracts.

342

THE INLAND PRINTER

The French press has received from Scandinavia about
fifty per cent of its paper, and the above action hits it
very hard, indeed.

According to late governmental regulations, newspa¬
pers selling at 5 centimes (1 cent) a copy may not have
pages measuring more than a .0643 square meter (these
may issue two-page sheets on Mondays and Tuesdays, and
only four pages on other days) ; of those selling at 10
centimes (2 cents), those whose pages measure not over
.1852 square meter may issue four pages every day, and
those with a page surface between .1852 and .2040 square
meter may issue only two pages on Mondays and four pages
on other days, while those having pages larger than .2040
square meter may issue only two pages on Mondays and
Tuesdays, and four pages on other days. It is also ruled
that political weeklies and semi-weeklies may be sold at
5 centimes per copy, the days of publication being optional,
and shall not contain over two pages per issue.

ITALY.

Compelled by the higher cost of living, the union
printers of Rome recently demanded advances in the wage-
scale. These were granted by the newspaper offices. The
job-offices balked, however, and tried to get the Govern¬
ment to have such offices as were doing military printing
placed under martial rule, so that the men could be re¬
strained from striking. But the Minister of War decided
that but one establishment could be recognized as a war¬
printing office. The proprietors being still obdurate, the
men finally struck. After being out eighteen days, and
causing much excitement among the working population,
the prefect called to his bureau the delegates of the mas¬
ters and of the men, and after discussing the dispute with
them peace was made and a new wage-scale, to be in force
three years, was signed. A large part of the men’s de¬
mands was conceded.

A recent governmental decree puts the production and
distribution of paper under the control of the ministry of
industry, commerce and labor, and states that the com¬
mission instituted last year, in connection with this min¬
istry, shall assume the name of Central Commission of
Paper. The ministry, with the approval of this commis¬
sion, may, among other things, (a) fix the quantity and
types of paper for newspapers and paper for public admin¬
istration which the different factories shall furnish; (b)
fix the prices of paper for newspapers and for public
administrations, and eventually the maximum prices for
the sale of paper to the public; (c) requisition and oper¬
ate paper factories either entirely or in part; and (d)
fix the number of pages of newspapers, reviews and other
periodical publications, and in general issue regulations
for insuring economy in the use of paper in Italy.

SWITZERLAND.

The Federal Council has issued a decree prohibiting
the exportation, except by license, of cardboard covered
with natural-colored paper; printed paper and cardboard,
whether typographed, lithographed or otherwise; cut
pieces of cardboard for mounting photographs; boxes for
packing; cardboard tubes not covered, printed or not;
cardboard, etc., cut out for boxes, except (1) cardboard
cut in sheets less than % square meter, (2) cardboard
cut on the four sides, and (3) tissue-paper weighing 25
grammes or less per square meter, cut; cardboard and
paper for jacquard looms; calendars stuck on cardboard,
and block calendars; cardboard wares not especially men¬
tioned in the Swiss customs tariff ; paper bags and cap¬
sules and envelopes.

NORWAY.

Since the beginning of the war the paper-mills of this
country have been supplying the Norwegian press with
paper at less than the cost of production. The export
barrage by German submarines has had such an effect on
the mills that only one-third of the machines have been
kept running. The high cost of coal and other raw mate¬
rials rendered it necessary for them to demand a readjust¬
ment of the prices for home consumption. Thereupon the
Government and Parliament took the matter in hand and
passed a law obliging the mills to supply each journal with
paper at prices fixed by the Government. The mills will
also have to furnish paper for schoolbooks at the same
prices.

DENMARK.

It is reported that an inventor working in this country
has discovered a way of making news-paper from seaweed.
The new method is said to entail but half the cost of mak¬
ing paper from wood-pulp.

HUNGARY.

Information comes through an indirect medium that
the Government has requisitioned from printers ten per
cent of their metal type, presumably to be melted up for
ammunition.

Drawing by Duilio Cambellotti for a Propaganda Booklet Published

by the “Credito Italiano,” on the Occasion of the
Fourth Italian War Loan.

Reproduced from the supplement to II Risorgimento Grafico (Milan),
announcing the publication of the book, “ Un’ Arma per la Vittoria ”
(“A Weapon for Victory ”), an elegant edition in Italian style containing
reproductions, in black and in colors, of the best specimens of the propa¬
ganda issued by the banks during the Italian War Loans.

THE INLAND PRINTER

343

BY S. H. HORGAN.

“Cutting Solution.”

J. E. Burgert, Fairbury, Nebraska, writes: “I read
with interest everything in the ‘ Engraving Notes ’ of The
Inland Printer, though I am not an engraver, but am
practicing other branches of photography. I am desirous
of learning how to make the ‘ cutting solution,’ to adapt
it to a new process in photography.”

Answer. — Here is a formula for cutting solution which
was in use before the war made the cost of it so great
that many substitutes have come into use: A — Water,
10 ounces; potassium iodid, 1 ounce; iodin, crystals, %
ounce. B — Water, 10 ounces; potassium cyanid, %
ounce. For use, take % ounce of the iodin solution (A)
in 10 ounces of water and add some of solution B slowly
until the iodin solution just becomes colorless, and you
have a cutting solution.

Seals, Dies and Stamps.

C. M. Peters, Dallas, Texas, wants “ Some light on
making seals for notaries public, corporation seals and
emblem seals. What does an equipment consist of for
manufacturing same? What kind of metal is used in mak¬
ing seals and dies? I never miss a copy of The Inland
Printer.”

Answer. — The outfit is worthless without a competent
workman who has learned the trade of seal and die cutting,
and men skilled in the art are in demand. The work is
done by cutting the letters or emblem wanted in brass or
steel, and the tools used are fine chisels and a hammer,
as well as gravers and punches. Unless one has learned
the trade, he should not undertake the work. It is much
more satisfactory to send seal and die cutting to a firm
making a business of it than to undertake the work on a
small scale.

A Welcome Substitute for Deadly Cyanid.

John A. Kohler, superintendent of the engraving-plant
of Blomgren Brothers & Co., Chicago, has, after much
experimenting, found a substitute for the cyanid fixing-
solution. Cyanid, as is well known, is one of the deadliest
of poisons, while its fumes are unhealthful to breathe.
It is claimed this substitute is not only non-poisonous but
is harmless to health. Cyanids of both potassium and
sodium went as high as $3.50 a pound last spring, and it
is likely they never will return to the price that prevailed
before the war. The substitute costs but five cents a pound
and should never go higher. The substitute is used in the
same manner as cyanid, only that it must be heated to
about 140° F. to work properly.

Mr. Kohler has decided on a unique method of market¬
ing his discovery. His plan is to interest a majority of
the manufacturing photoengravers in this substitute and

charge each a moderate sum, based upon the number of
cameras in use. Employers should write to John A. Kohler,
Blomgren Brothers & Co., Chicago, at once, so that he
may receive sufficient responses to release the formula
for the substitute simultaneously to all those who pay for
it. Here is an unusual opportunity for employers to do
something for themselves and for those who are obliged
to use cyanid, that most dangerous of chemicals.

Photographing on Wood.

John F. Tammany, Brooklyn, writes: “I should like
to know about photographing on wood. Am working with
a formula that does not give satisfactory results, and write
to have you suggest a simple one. Would also like to know
if there is a field worth while for such work.”

Answer. — The best way to photograph on wood is by
the wet-plate process, making a positive and transferring
it to the wood, which should be prepared with a surface
of gelatin and whiting. When the collodion film is dry
on the wood, the collodion can be dissolved away with a
mixture of alcohol and ether, or the collodion can be made
so thin that it does not interfere with the graver. If you
want the method that will suit your facilities best, con¬
sult, in a library, this department of The Inland Printer
of the following dates: June, 1900, page 378; Septem¬
ber, 1900, page 807; April, 1903, page 80; December,
1903, page 395; August, 1904, page 701, and November,
1911, page 903. As to the field for such work, there are
not many wood-engravers, and the old-timers have a pho¬
tographer who “ has always done their work.”

Lenses Wanted by Uncle Sam.

Some time ago readers of this department were warned
to take care of the lenses made of Jena glass in their
possession, as no more of that glass could be had until a
long time after the war and no country was able to make
a substitute for it. At the beginning of this year the
writer searched New York city, in company with a United
States officer, to find a lens, corrected for color, with prism,
to cover a 24-inch plate, without being successful. Were
it not for the fact that an extra lens and prism were
found in one of the departments in Washington, they
might be searching still, such is the scarcity of unemployed
lenses. It is likely, if the war continues, that a federal
survey of all photographic lenses and prisms in this coun¬
try will be made, so that those not in actual use may be
commandeered for army and navy uses.

For the great fleet of aeroplanes now being constructed,
the Government requests that any one possessing any of
the following lenses notify the Photographic Division, Sig¬
nal Corps, Washington, D. C., stating the selling price.
The lenses most desired are: Zeiss Tessars from 8% to

344

THE INLAND PRINTER

20 inches focal length, with working apertures of F3.5
or F4.5. Those lenses were made in Jena or by Bausch
& Lomb in this country. Voightlander Heliar anastigmats
of from 8% to 24 inch focal length, with a working aper¬
ture of F4.5, are also wanted. What are required at once
are anastigmat lenses of makes that are the quickest
working possible. We should offer every lens we can
spare to Uncle Sam and help along the time when there
will be plenty of lenses at a much cheaper price than at
present.

Masking Paper for Air-Brush Work.

L. de F., New Orleans, writes: “Am using the air¬
brush for special work, but have not been successful in
finding the right kind of transparent paper for cutting out
the masks used to protect portions of the drawing from
the air-brush spray. The trouble is the paper mask does
not lay down close to the drawing, but curls up at the
edges. With straight lines I use brass rule to keep the
paper in place, but with curved edges it is impossible to
keep them down.”

Answer. — There is a thin paper, made transparent
with an oil varnish, that is admirably adapted for such
masks. This can be secured from art stores. The perfect
mask is made with such a tracing-paper covered on one
side with a thin coat of rubber cement. The tracing-
paper is pinned down on a board, laid flat, a pool of rubber
cement is poured on the center of the tracing-paper and
spread with the edge of a piece of square cardboard until
the whole sheet is covered. This is put in a closet until
the solvent of the rubber evaporates partially, which might
take place over night. Masks are cut out of this rubber-
coated paper and laid on the copy, with the rubber coating
face down, and pressed until the rubber cements the paper
to the drawing. This you will find to answer admirably.
Rubber cement allows the mask to be pulled off after use,
and every trace of the rubber cement will roll from the
drawing by rubbing with the finger.

Reversing Dry-Plate Films.

L. Van Dyk, New York city, writes: “ Several years
ago you helped me out with a solution for stripping dry
plates, and I want to redeem a promise I then made to
contribute something of value to your readers. The collo¬
type process I was working on failed to make good, but I
did learn how to strip dry plates, no matter how old they
are. And this is how I did it:

“ Varnished negatives were soaked in denatured alco¬
hol or methylated spirit until it dissolved away. I do not
use hydrofluoric acid now, as I found fluoride of sodium to
be so much cheaper and it does not go for the surface of
the glass or your fingers as the hydrofluoric does. I flow
all dry plates first with the photoengravers’ stripping
collodion and let it dry. Then I cut with a sharp knife
point through the film all around and near the edge of the
glass. I next pour enough formaldehyd solution (forma¬
lin) in a rubber tray to cover the negative and dissolve
in it ten grains of fluorid of sodium for every ounce of
formalin I use. The dry-plate negative is then put to
soak in this formalin solution for a few minutes, or until
the corners of the negative lift easily with a penknife.
Squeegee on the negative a sheet of paraffin paper that
has been laid in the solution over the negative for a short
time. Then with the point of the penknife I loosen the film
carefully as I turn back the paraffin paper to which the
film is attached. Wet another sheet of the paraffin paper
and lay the stripped film down on that so as to make a
sandwich with the film in the center. Strip off the first
sheet of paper and then lay the film down on a clean sheet

of albumenized glass, strip off the second paraffin paper
after squeegeeing the film very carefully to the new glass
support, rinse off with alcohol, and the job is done.”

Gamboge for Stopping-out on Metal.

“Engravers,” Cleveland, write: “We have recently
installed a graining-box in our engraving department, but
we are having trouble in finding the proper medium to
use in stopping-out on the plates; that is, in covering up
portions that we do not want to take the grain. We have
tried gamboge and opaque, but neither of these seem to
answer the purpose very satisfactorily.”

Answer. — In the early days we used gum arabic exclu¬
sively, sometimes mixed with gum tragacanth, but gam¬
boge proved to be superior. It may be that the gamboge
you have is the cake variety, which is not as good as that
which comes in rolls, called “ pipe gamboge.” The best
quality is often sold in the bamboo canes in which it is
collected from the tree. It should not be necessary, in
heating the metal plate to fix the grain to it, to make
the plate so hot that the gum used in stopping-out is
burned in so as to become an enamel. Heat the metal
plate only slightly at first, then wash off the gamboge
under the tap with a wad of wet cotton, dry and heat the
plate further to fix the grain firmly.

Lithography, Artistic, and the Other Kind.

“ Modern Lithography and Its Tendencies ” was the
subject of an illustrated lecture by Albert E. Sterner
before the American Institute of Graphic Arts at its
October meeting. The lecturer held lithography to be
the most autographic of all the printing methods, for
every touch that an artist puts on a lithographic stone,
either with crayon, pen or brush, is reproduced most
faithfully in the print. He denounced the methods and
tendency of present-day lithography, which uses fifteen to
twenty printings, when it is possible to get along with so
many less printings with great benefit to the vigor and
artistic quality of the result. G. H. Buek, who has been
a lithographer for half a century, followed Mr. Sterner
and attempted to reply to his strictures on commercial
work. The result was a debate which brought out the
old quarrel between art and manufacture, between the
artistic and the commercial. Mr. Sterner held that there
is no such thing as “ commercial art.” Mr. Buek told how
he once engaged the leading artists of the time to make
the designs which he afterward reproduced so faithfully
that even an expert could not tell the reproductions from
the originals and customers would not accept them. On
the wall behind Mr. Buek was the war poster by Mr.
Sterner, titled “ Over There.” This was drawn on stone
by Mr. Sterner in Mr. Buek’s great lithographing-plant.
Pointing to his poster, Mr. Sterner asked, “ What would
you do if you were offered that poster? ” To which Mr.
Buek promptly replied, “ We would likely reject it.”
This the large audience enjoyed greatly. M. Saunders,
who is superintending most of the lithographic posters
for the United States Government, told of the difficulty
of getting them to accept anything artistic. The editor of
this department gave some figures on New York as the
printing center of the world and why this Institute of
Graphic Arts was essential. He recalled that the first
illustrated daily newspaper in the world was begun in
New York in 1873 and for the seventeen years of its life
was printed lithographically. Some copies of the paper
which we had on exhibition proved that we are not doing
as well in illustrating today. One copy of the Neiv York
Daily Graphic, that of March 4, 1880, which he showed,
contained the first half-tones ever printed in a daily paper.

Lettering and decoration from folder by Alpha
Photoengraving Company, Baltimore, Md.

O ITS LOYAL FRIENDS— ITS CUSTOMERS
VARNUM 6? SAMUELS COMPANY
EXTENDS YOU AN APPRECIATIVE
WISH FOR A MERRY CHRISTMAS
AND A PROSPEROUS NEW YEAR

E. W. Varnum, President

THE FRANKLIN
ORGANIZATION

Most cordially extends to
you and those associated
with you Greetings of the
Season, supplemented by
the hope that during the
year to come your bush
ness progress and prosper*
ity will outdistance your
fondest expectations.

THE FRANKLIN CO.

CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

(Tlfriatmaa
(Bn>f tings

and a little re*
minder from the
print shop that is
always ready to
serve you with
the best printing
for your adver*
tising needs.

THE

EXPRESS PRINTING
COMPANY

Liberty, Indiana

ark! tf )t fieraio angels
Announce tfie Christmas Dap.
a@ap it firing fiappiness to pou
Co firigfiten all pour toap.

.Ifttiblap, ©f)io
1916

fUr. anb fHrfi. lajfapette ©oertp

FRIENDLY GREETINGS FOR THE
CHRISTMAS SEASON
AND ALL GOOD WISHES FOR A YEAR
FULL OF HAPPINESS, CHEER
AND PROSPERITY

MR. AND MRS, R, E. T BOHART

Everybody at Our House
Wishes

Everybody at Your House
a Very Merry
Christmas

Mr. and Mrs. William Woods

'B.JValter Tfidc liffe
Extends, to yd all a (feorgia 'toisA
for a

<EASterry Qhristmas a?id
Happy dfefv Tear
1916-1917

COPY SUGGESTIONS

for HOLIDAY GREETINGS

!lNY printers will want
holiday greetings for then-
own use; many also will
be called upon by custom¬
ers for suggestions. Not
a few printers have devel¬
oped the printing of holi¬
day greetings to a point where the totals of
the year’s business have been increased to a
gratifying degree. In the hope of being of
service to our readers, we are quoting on
this page a number of sentiments which are
appropriate as copy for holiday greetings.

Verse

We wish you a Merry Christmas,

A Happy New Year too;

Good store of cheer throughout
the year.

Good luck in all you do.

The same good hearty wishes
I’m sending as of old.

May Christmas come to you and yours,

With blessings manifold.

Again at Christmas did we weave
The holly ’round the Christmas hearth.

The silent snow possessed the earth
And calmly fell on Christmas eve.

— Tennyson.

Business

The spirit of the season prompts us to express
to you appreciation of our pleasant business re¬
lations during the past year and to most heartily
wish you health and prosperity for the coming year.

The Season’s Greetings. We thank you
for being one of those whose friendly busi¬
ness prompts this token of appreciation.

Greetings. Let us resolve that in this"

New Year we shall make the most of time;
that we shall be proud of each day’s work
and happy at the prospect of the labors of

tomorrow; that we shall carry happiness with us
into our business houses and show a joyous heart to
our neighbors; that each day shall find new prog¬
ress made toward the goal of our ambition. And
that at the end of the twelve months before us
we shall find our homes better homes, our lives
better lives and ourselves better men.

What a season is Christmas! All the good
thoughts of the old year seem to find expression in
our Merry Christmas and Happy New Year to you.

Personal

Under favoring stars we look forward to the
morning of a year of plenty. Accept my greeting,
Good Friend, and my message —

Peace and Prosperity,

Good Will and Good Cheer,

Health and Happiness,

Throughout the Year.

A Merry Christmas to you, and my sincere wishes
that your New Year may be brimful of happiness.

I am sending you my sincerest wishes for a very
Merry Christmas, and when Christmas day has
passed away may the many good things I wish for
you linger until Christmas comes again.

To voice the cordial feeling that I hold for you
throughout the year, I send you this at Christmas,
the festival of friendship. I wish sincerely that
favorable winds may drive your bark upon pros¬
perous voyages and bring you joy and health and
happiness in all the rolling months.

This carries hearty good wishes for Christ¬
mas merriment and prosperity for the New
Year, signed in advance with my hand and
seal this twenty-fifth day of December, nine¬
teen hundred and seventeen.

May you have the best of good for¬
tune and the joy of a happy life, is my
wish for your Christmas and the New Year.

THE INLAND PRINTER

345

BY BERNARD DANIELS.

Thinks the Cost System Overdone.

In the Correspondence Department of this issue of The
Inland Printer there appears a letter from H. P. DeFor-
est, in which he speaks very pessimistically of the bene¬
fits of the cost-system work that has been done throughout
the country, and winds up by calling it “ bunk.”

Reading a little further, we find that the main trouble
with Mr. DeForest seems to be the same that is worry¬
ing thousands of other printers all over the country, only
he expresses it in a different way. They ask, “ How can
the other fellow do the work at the prices he takes it for? ”
Mr. DeForest boldly claims that they are right and the
cost system wrong because they do take it. The acceptance
of a job at a low price does not prove that price to be
right; in fact, it does not prove anything but the intense
desire of the printer to get that job. The fact that many
printers who have been taking work at low prices fail each
year does prove that they were wrong.

In another paragraph he revives the old theory that to
double wages should give the right selling price. There
was a time, years ago, when this was true, but it was a
lazy and careless way of making prices that was abso¬
lutely dangerous. In those days the non-productive time
and overhead amounted to about 60 per cent of wages,
making the total cost 160 per cent, and 200 per cent was
a fair selling price. That is to say, with wages at about
37 cents an hour, as they were then, 75 cents was a fair
selling price for composition. But today, with wages at
50 cents an hour, as he states, the average overhead cost
is nearly 200 per cent of the wage, making the selling
price $1.50. Experience has shown that at present few
printers get 70 per cent productive time out of their
composing-rooms — 65 per cent is nearer the correct fig¬
ure, and the total cost must be divided over the hours
actually sold, or the printer must carry the loss. We
know one or two shops that make a better showing on
paper by charging for distribution as part of the job at
the rate of 30 per cent of the composition time, and thereby
get a higher rate of production and apparently lower cost,
but no lower actual cost on the job.

His slur about the responsibility for non-productive
time is only partially correct. If printers would provide
the latest labor-saving methods, such as furniture, pat¬
ent blocks, and other appliances, and introduce the non¬
distribution system, the cost of the productive hour would
be decreased as well as the total cost of the job, especially
if all jobs for which the plant was not properly equipped
were refused.

Oversystematizing may be a real peril, but there are
few printers in danger and such letters will not help to
prevent it, for Mr. DeForest merely tries to tear down
proved methods without offering any plan for rebuilding
or improving the business fabric he destroys. He is en¬
tirely wrong about the druggist, for it is notorious that

the druggist sells his patent medicines at a very small
profit and adds from 100 to 500 per cent to prescriptions
and specials.

Now, as to his successful printer who takes three
months a year away from his business: If he sold all his
product at double the wages of his highest-paid employee,
some of it would be sold at much more than double the
wages paid on it, and by charging for the time taken in
distribution, as was frequently done in the past, he could
make a very satisfactory profit.

As an example of this, we will take the recently pub¬
lished figures of the United Typothetae of America, which
call for $1,487 an hour for hand composition, based on 61
per cent production, and calculate the result of a larger

productive percentage :

61 per cent productive . $1,487 an hour.

70 per cent productive . 1.295 an hour.

80 per cent productive . 1.134 an hour.

90 per cent productive . 1.008 an hour.

100 per cent productive . 907 an hour.

These figures show the value of the cost system because
they point out just how the price, or rather the cost, may
be reduced by more efficient management and the cutting
out of the non-productive hour. Of course it is not pos¬
sible for any plant to be 100 per cent productive — per¬
fection is not human. But 90 per cent productive would
produce the $1 cost rate.

No doubt, Mr. DeForest has seen much bad pricing and
considerable poor management and bum cost-keeping in
his travels, in various print-shops, but he has only pointed
out that jobs are sold for less than he figures or is willing
to take them for, and that in times past successful printers
have made money by selling at double the wage cost.

Ye editor, who is just rounding out a half century in
the printing game, and has been executive and manager
practically ever since completing his apprenticeship, hav¬
ing a record of success, and being recognized in two nations
as an authority on cost and plant management, has yet to
see a plant that has been successfully run for more than
a few years without a cost system, or one that is at the
present time making any money by trying to sell at double
the wage rate by using any fair system of charging.

The actual facts are that the hour-cost depends upon
the proportion of the hours purchased from the workers
that are made productive, as shown above. The increas¬
ing hour-cost today is due to the facts that printers work
eight and nine hours a day instead of ten and twelve, as
they once did; that shop conditions have been improved
and made more expensive by enforced sanitation and in¬
surance conditions, as well as by workmen’s compensation
laws and more expensive tools. Thus the cost has risen
from 160 per cent of wages to about 300 per cent.

Good management that will reduce the lost time to
about one-half the present amount and increase the num¬
ber of productive hours per man to 80 to 90 per cent will

346

THE INLAND PRINTER

make such a change in the aspect of things that we may
again get in sight of a dollar hour-cost. But even then
some fool printers would try to sell it for $1.05 or $1.10
because they think themselves so smart that they can pro¬
duce at less cost than their neighbors with a cost system.

We would advise Mr. DeForest to really study the
principles of the cost system and see how it points out just
the things of which he is complaining, and also shows the
way to remedy them. The wise printer will stick to the
cost system and use it as a guide to good management as
well as a monitor to tell him how low he can afford to sell
his product without incurring a loss.

Why a Cost System?

A printer running a small shop in the West writes to
ask why he needs a cost system and why he can not use
the figures found by other shops of similar size to govern
him in his price-making. He writes: “I have only two
compositors, two pressfeeders and myself besides the ste¬
nographer, who does practically all the office work. There
is no lost time in the shop, as I am always on the job and
keep things moving, yet I do not seem to be able to make
any money at the prices the other printers around here
are anxious to work for.”

The trouble with this printer seems to be the same as
that with many others who write anxious letters about
how the other fellow seems to be doing. They lose sight
of the fact that the only plant they are interested in is the
one they are running, and the only costs that affect them
in any way are the costs in their own shops, and these they
are either too lazy or too indifferent to find out about.

The first mistake these men make is that they confuse
selling-price with cost. The cost of a job of printing is
the actual money that it costs you to produce it, including
its share of the fixed expenses. This is something that
you can not change after the job is done. The selling-price
is the figure at which you are going to bill it or the price
at which you have previously agreed to sell it. No mat¬
ter what the cost is, it does not bear any relation to the
selling-price; it may be higher or it may be lower, that
is something that can only be regulated by your judg¬
ment in making prices; it may be the same that others
are asking for the same goods, or more or less, but that
will not affect either your cost or theirs.

Bearing these things in mind, it becomes apparent that
costs are an internal affair of a printing-plant and are
controllable by careful management. That is, by keeping
careful record of what the costs are and how they were
incurred, it is possible to know just where they are exces¬
sive and to see how they may be reduced. That is all a
cost system is — a standardized method of keeping record
of the various items of cost in such detailed divisions that
it is easy to pick out the places where the cost is excessive
and thus make it possible to so change methods that such
excess will be avoided in the future.

Such being the case, it is just as necessary for the one-
man shop to have a good cost system as for the hundred-
man shop, and really just as easy, for the difficulties of
keeping a cost system increase with the size of the plant.
The one-man shop will require about half an hour a day
to keep an absolutely correct cost system that will show
just what each operation and each job actually costs. In
the case of our friend whose letter is quoted at the begin¬
ning of this article, the stenographer would undoubtedly
have plenty of time to keep up the Standard cost system
without working any overtime.

The great trouble is that every printer thinks his busi¬
ness is different from that of any other printer, and that

he must run it in a different way and have a different
kind of cost system, or at least a different kind of a time-
ticket or other blank. The truth is, there is so little
actual difference in the printing-offices scattered over the
country that any one with an ordinary knowledge of the
cost system could walk into any one of them and install
a cost system without causing a ripple of inconvenience
if the proprietor would forget that idea of his about pecu¬
liarity. It has been done in hundreds of plants all over
the country, and the only difficulty encountered was with
the man at the top. Workmen are the same all over the
land, and once they are convinced that the cost system
is just they will help it, especially when they are using
the correct time-ticket, which gives them less clerical work
to do and makes it easier to keep time correctly than to do
otherwise.

The small shop should have a cost system because it
needs to know the actual cost of what it is doing. Not
for the purpose of making prices, as many suppose, but
for the purpose of knowing whether it is able to do work
at the market rate and to show where it is possible to
increase profits by better management and increased effi¬
ciency. Your profits will be controlled by your cost,
though your prices may not be. If your costs are higher
than they should be, your profits will be less than they
ought to be. The only way to increase profits is by reduc¬
ing cost, not by raising prices. There is a maximum
market price, any increase beyond which has a tendency
to reduce the sale of the goods. It is the failure of the
printer to see and realize these fixed factors that has
brought the printing business to its present chaotic con¬
dition. As soon as printers realize that printing is manu¬
facturing; that, as manufacturing, it is subject to the
usual laws of production and efficiency, and that the cost
system is the index of these laws which show whether we
are living within their limits — that soon will we find
every printer with a Standard cost system and endeavor¬
ing to improve efficiency by studying its showings.

The Value of Records.

In these days of cooperation and comparison in record¬
keeping, there seems to be just one little thing overlooked
in the gathering and publishing of these records. From
the national association down through the locals and the
individual members, we hear of the hour-cost of this and
the hour-cost of that, with occasionally the remark: “ My
hour-cost in the department is ten cents higher (or lower,
as the case may be) than it was last year.”

Now, what does all this mean? How much value have
these figures? Have you ever stopped to think just what
it means to say that the cost in such a department is $1.50
per productive hour? It means nothing to any one except
the man whose record it is. Yes, it is possible for an
expert cost accountant to take the figures of any establish¬
ment and work out the true cost of any particular oper¬
ation so as to be of value in guiding a reform in that
operation to reduce cost. But to an outsider that figure
does not mean anything unless accompanied by a descrip¬
tion of the conditions under which it was obtained. And
a figure that is an average of a number of figures in a
number of plants taken together is of even less value to
one particular printer.

At first thought this may seem like rank heresy to
those who have read in these columns repeated and urgent
invitations to install cost systems in their plants, but a
few minutes’ careful thought will show that it is just
because of this fact that we need a cost system in every
plant and will do so until the results have been sufficiently

THE INLAND PRINTER

347

classified and codified to permit of the formulation of a
system of efficiency that may be used as a standard by
which to gage the standing of each plant. This is not
nearly so chimerical as you might think, for it is in line
with industrial progress and will be gradually worked out
in the near future. Only a few years ago the Standard
cost system was laughed at by the very men who now
swear by it.

The next time you get your monthly statement of cost
of production (9H), compare it carefully with the one for
the same month last year, or with a month in which you
did a similar amount of business. The result will surprise
you, even though there may not be much difference in
the hour-cost. Then compare it with some month in which
you were extremely busy and note the difference. The fact
is, an hour-cost of $1.50 for one month is merely a state¬
ment of abstract fact until we learn that the productive
per cent for the month was 67, and that there was almost
ten per cent of overtime, and that under ideal conditions
it should have been possible to have about ninety per
cent production at a cost of $1.12 or less. You can learn
this from your own statement; you can learn also from
a friendly competitor’s statement if he will give you all
the particulars, but unless he does you can not know that,
owing to the weather, he lost an hour each day in his
pressroom; or that, because of a large amount of bad
type, his make-ready was so increased that many of the
short runs in the job pressroom were made at an actual
loss because of excessive make-ready, which appears
wrongly as productive time in his records. Nor does the
mere fact that his bindery shows a very high figure tell
you that he is equipped with a number of machines that
are seldom run and carried to the overhead because he
feels that he is justified in carrying them as conveniences
for which he can charge well to the parties in whose inter¬
est he carries them.

If our cost reports contained the same explanations
that we would insist on the expert giving us if he were
working in our plant to establish efficiency, they would
look very different than they do now. This brings up the
question as to why all published reports of cost and pro¬
duction should not be standardized. It is easy to figure
out what a standard cost of a certain equipment would be
for a standard number of productive hours, and it would
be little trouble to establish such a standard and make a
comparison of the actual records with it. For instance,
if the standard productive cost of a certain machine is $1
per hour in a plant having 80 per cent productive time,
it is easy to see that a plant showing a cost of $1.50 for
70 per cent production is very inefficient and needs imme¬
diate attention of the expert efficiency man.

The mere adding together and averaging of the effi¬
cient and the inefficient does not give an average that
will be a safe guide, because the result will depend on
the number of each. If there are more poor records than
good the average will be low, while if the number of good
records is in excess it will be just as unreliable the other
way.

Perhaps the best that can be done at first is to estab¬
lish a dead-line, below which no report will be considered
as worth anything but as a warning to the manager of
the shop where it originated. Then, we may gradually
establish a system of standards that are not theoretical,
but borne out by actual practice and which may be used
as gages by which to measure efficiency.

If it were possible to publish from time to time the
records of successfully managed departments, with full
details as to condition, but without names, it would act

as an incentive to other printers to try and emulate these
results, and would be beneficial. We say departments, for
we have never seen a printing-plant without some lame
department, and it would be misleading to use any record
as a whole. There would be no advantage in combining
the good records, as it would not be possible to combine
the conditions, or to average them.

This matter is novel, and we hope that some of our
readers who are familiar with costwork will study it and
let us hear from them. It is important enough to war¬
rant the employment of the best brains in the business,
because it will lead to a better understanding of the cost
and the true reason for the ignorance of prices that is
now retarding the growth of the business. Our columns
are open to you, whether you agree with the above view
or not.

How He Fools Himself.

There is one class of business men that even printers
seem to envy because they are making money in what
seems to be an easy way — the bankers. These men and
the institutions they conduct are a business necessity, and
we do not hesitate to pay them the amounts they demand
for the service they render, yet, as printers, few of us
learn the lesson the banker would teach us if we observed
his methods and studied the commodity in which he deals.

Yes, the banker is a dealer — a merchant — and han¬
dles a definite commodity. No business man can continue
in business and not purchase from the banker in one way
or another, and yet how few printers know anything
about the banker’s stock in trade — money. With the
banker, money is not a medium of exchange, but a com¬
modity with a certain value; and he charges you for han¬
dling it and measuring it out to suit the needs of your
business just as you charge your customers for the han¬
dling of the paper, ink and type which you use for them.

Get this idea fixed in your mind and you will not make
the mistake that so many printers are guilty of in starting
a cost system by saying that they do not want to charge
the business with interest on the capital invested because
it is theirs and they are not paying any one interest on it.
But just look at it another way. If you were not using
that money as capital in your business, the banker or some
other person would be willing to pay you something for
the privilege of using it, and you are losing that rental
for your money (usually called interest) because you are
using it yourself, or rather because your business is using
it. This being the case, the business should pay you inter¬
est to the extent that you would be able to rent the money
for to another.

This is really more important than you realize. The
average printing-plant has an investment of about a thou¬
sand dollars per employee, which means $60 per year for
interest. The average employee works about 1,500 hours
per year — that is, 1,500 productive hours that are actually
sold — so that the interest on the investment in material
for him to work with amounts to four cents for each hour
of his labor that you sell. This is not much, but in a plant
employing five compositors it is $300 per year.

Every time a printer fails to charge his expense account
with the interest on the investment he is fooling himself
and cheating himself out of part of his profit. He would
raise an awful row if the bank or the saving fund asked
him to let them use the money without giving him inter¬
est. Why fool himself by getting the wrong idea that the
business is himself, when it is so absolutely distinct that
it can readily get along without him if he will only stay
away and let some other fellow run it?

348

THE INLAND PRINTER

THE NEW HOME OF THE PUBLIC PRESS, LIMITED,
OF WINNIPEG.

In the November issue of The Inland Printer there
appeared an article giving a description of the new build¬
ing erected for the Brown, Blodgett & Sperry Company,
of St. Paul, Minnesota. In that article was a statement
calling attention to the thought and care which are being
given the details of design and construction of printers’
buildings, and also to the fact that many erected during
the past few years have set an entirely new standard for
office and factory buildings. The truth of that statement

New Home of the Public Press, Limited.

sides of the building gives the full benefit of the daylight
and fresh air, and a special ventilating system has been
installed on each floor to provide a constant supply of
clean, fresh air. This feature is considered to be well
worth the extra expenditure which it entailed. The wiring
for all of the equipment has been installed in the floors,
and there is a notable absence of anything in the line of
plumbing, heating or power equipment throughout the
entire building, all being enclosed and out of sight.

The pressroom is located in the basement, the greater
part of which is above ground, thus giving full advantage

is further exemplified in the illustration appearing on this
page, showing the new home of the Public Press, Limited,
of Winnipeg, which was occupied during October.

The growth of the Public Press has been little short
of remarkable. Starting in business about nine years ago,
the company has found it necessary to enlarge its orig¬
inal plant on four occasions. Having no further space
available for meeting the additional needs for expansion,
the officers of the company were compelled to buy a new
plot of ground and erect an up-to-date building. The in¬
structions given the architects were to spare no expense in
designing and completing a high-class building.

Reinforced-concrete construction was decided upon, and
all of the latest fireproofing devices were embodied in the
building, with a view to keeping the insurance rate at the
minimum. When complete, the plant will represent an
investment of $300,000, and will be up-to-date in every
particular. At the time the building was occupied, $40,000
worth of new machinery and equipment was added.

Each floor comprises 12,000 square feet of space, and
is thirteen feet high, with the exception of the basement,
which is fourteen feet nine inches. Open space on all four

of the daylight. On the next floor is the bindery, and the
composing-room is on the top floor. Various devices that
aid in the production of good printing have been housed
within the walls of the building; the pressroom has been
completely neutralized, and the non-distribution system has
been adopted in the composing-room.

IRISH PRESS CENSORSHIP.

The opening pages of the current issue of the Irish
Printer present a singular appearance, states a recent
issue of the British and Colonial Printer and Stationer.
The first page for matter is usually occupied by a leader.
On this occasion it is blank, with the exception of the fol¬
lowing note, which, headed “ Troubling the Pool,” explains
itself :

“ The members of the Dublin Typographical Society
employed at our printers have, under instructions, refused
to print our leading article without it first being submitted
to their executive for censorship. This we have emphat¬
ically declined to do, and the paper goes to press minus
what is, in our opinion, an honest and fair statement of
the position in Dublin at the moment.”

THE INLAND PRINTER

349

BY F. HORACE TEALL.

Questions pertaining to proofreading are solicited and will be promptly answered in this department. Replies can not be made by mail.

Errors Made to Order.

F. H. T., New York, writes: “I always thought one
thing demanded of a proofreader was correct spelling; so
when I found ‘ caraboa ’ in copy, I unhesitatingly cor¬
rected it to ‘ carabao,’ notwithstanding the fact that it
came in the wrong form from a noted educator. And there
were other wrong spellings galore, one of which was
1 boabab ’ for ‘ baobab.’ Well, they were all corrected as a
matter of course, and the proof was sent to the author
with the right spellings. You may well know that I was
astounded when the author’s proof came for revise with
all of the wrong spellings restored. I do not know whether
it was done by the author personally or not, but this ‘ cor¬
recting ’ came on the author’s proof, and the orders were
that everything an author distinctly ordered must be done,
so the book was printed with these errors. What should
a proofreader do in such a case? ”

Answer.— You thought right. Correct spelling is ex¬
pected from the proofreader, and one who failed to make
the words mentioned “ carabao ” and “ baobab,” no matter
who wrote “ caraboa ” and “ boabab,” would not do right.
Very often the author’s proof is not read by the author
personally, and such ignorant errors are not actually made
by him; but when they come as from him the printer,
unless independent enough to make spelling right anyway,
must do what is thus ordered. The proofreader in such a
case might call his employer’s attention to the bad spelling
and leave the matter for his decision. The reader need
not do any more than this, except to enjoy a laugh at the
ignorance of the responsible sciolist.

On Making Rules.

T. N., Cambridge, Idaho, writes: “I have gotten con¬
siderable amusement out of the discussion of the proper
way to divide the word capable, but up to the present time
amusement is about all I have received. Of course ca is
the first syllable of the word, but wasn’t the writer rather
lost for a reason when he said that anybody ought to know
better than divide it on the p because that was suggestive
of headgear, or words to that effect? It seems to me to be
this silly reason that provoked the discussion. There are
hundreds of words which have syllables which if taken
alone will not sound the same as when connected with
the word. Take castor oil and casing, for instance. Both
are divided on the s, but the first syllables are not pro¬
nounced the same. However, the man who tries to find a
rule that will always work in the English language finds
it is some stunt.”

Answer. — I am glad that I can aid in furnishing
amusement occasionally, even if it is only such as may be
derived from so grave a matter as word-division. Maybe
I can provide a little more. I’ll try. Rules are vicious
things to handle, and abominably difficult to make suffi¬

ciently clear; therefore it would seem wise not to try to
make rules. But every one must have some basis for
action that agrees at least with what somebody else does,
and this basis can be stated only as a rule. I am abso¬
lutely unable to perceive anything silly in the reason that
is under objection. The word instanced was chosen simply
as an example of hundreds of similar words that are often
wrongly divided, and the reasoning was made as simple as
possible to show how to distinguish. It illustrates a rule
that is as nearly universal as any rule can be — that in
such spellings, what we call a long vowel ends its syllable,
and a short vowel takes the following consonant into the
syllable, as in fe-ver and sev-en, pa-tron and pat-ent, pri¬
vate and priv-ilege. These things and many others of the
same kind are taught in all the books that deal with such
subjects. The simplest and clearest, also the shortest, set
of rules for division of words is given in the introductory
pages of Funk & Wagnalls’ New Standard Dictionary.

Some Green Stunts by Authors.

It is not at all surprising to find literary persons, young
or old, who do not know the technicalities of marking-
proofs for correction. Even a long experience in belletris-
tic production often fails to give one a practical knowledge
of proofreading. It certainly is remarkable, however, that
so many fail to grasp the fact that the one absolutely
essential means of having things done as they wish is the
plain telling of just what they want. Of course they
always think they do this, but often indicate corrections
blindly, as by making them within the print only, with no
marginal mark. Thus, according to one old story, a young
author changed punctuation by carefully making a comma
after the printed word where he wished one inserted, and
scraping out what was to be removed. In changing a semi¬
colon to a comma he scraped the dot from the print. The
young man was surprised and chagrined at seeing in his
printed work that none of these had been corrected. Such
stupidity as this is not at all common, if it ever actually
happened; but every proofreader has seen things that
prove failure by authors and editors to exercise common
sense so effectively that lack of technical knowledge would
not be disastrous. John Wilson said that every author
should learn the technical proofreader’s marks, and make
their corrections just as the proofreader does it. This
implies that the author must become a practical proof¬
reader. It would undoubtedly be advantageous for him
to be accomplished in this way, but it is not essential. He
need not even learn to mark only the letters that must
be changed, as an editor thought he must when he wanted
to recast a sentence so as to keep some of the words
already in. He asked the present writer to show him how
to do it, and was surprised at being told that if he crossed
out the whole sentence and wrote in the margin the whole

350

THE INLAND PRINTER

new sentence he would get it right. He exclaimed, “ Why,
it’s nothing but common sense!” And that is exactly
the case with technical proofreading also. Every tech¬
nical mark is simply the common-sense quick sign that
stands for a whole sentence of direction. If an author or
editor has common sense enough to write out his full
direction, instead of fussing over an effort to make only
the regular signs, his corrections will be made when they
are written in the margin. If not written in the margin,
if made only within the line, they may not be seen ; and
no person can follow a direction he never sees or hears.

THE UTILITY AND THE FUTILITY OF RULES.

BY F. HORACE TEALL.

T is instinctive and practically universal,
when a question of specific action arises,
for the person concerned to ask, “ What is
the rule for such a case? ” He may only
think it out for himself, or he may look
it up in books, or he may ask somebody to
tell him ; but in all these methods he is
really looking for a rule. Everybody knows
this, so why should it be told in print? It is not told as
additional information for any one, but as a foundation
for the telling of some things that seem not to be so well
known, and of some other things worthy of more consid¬
eration than they always get. The subject is one of vast
detail, and no exhaustive treatise is contemplated or can
be given here.

A rule is simply a formula for regulating action, and
is effective because it embodies an authoritative command.
Of course it is understood that this article treats entirely
of rules applying to language. Authoritative command is
less general over forms in language than in almost any
other sphere of action. This means that much, though not
by any means all, of the detail is governed by rules made
by local authorities, which are often at variance with other
local rules, and which must be obeyed even when they are
not in accord with rules that are practically universal.
Many points of language are almost always treated in the
same way, therefore subject to what may be called uni¬
versal rules, although some people are not familiar with
these rules.

One of the most difficult things imaginable is the mak¬
ing of intelligent and widely acceptable rules. Some of
the best and most commonly observed of them have simply
arisen from consensus of practice, with no one particular
author. Of course they are found in the books of many
authors, but nobody knows the original author, that is,
the one who first expressed what has been said in various
ways since. As in every branch of human action, multi¬
tudinous rules of language have been made for local guid¬
ance, only to be dropped after a short trial ; and this will
probably continue always. Yet we shall always have good
rules at hand, to be followed closely by those who wisely
choose to act in accordance with the prevailing usage.

But all this does not reach the heart of our subject,
namely, the utility of rules, though it points to it. Any
worthy formula of directions for action by a number of
people all doing the same thing must be understood by all
of them exactly the same way, and for this effect it must
be clearly stated, in words that can have only one mean¬
ing. Every little ambiguity lessens its utility. Therefore,
when we have so many differing minds to satisfy, it is
inevitable that a satisfactory result is difficult to attain.
Where clear, unmistakable rules are enforced, their utility
is unquestionable.

Many large printing-offices have elaborate style-cards,
and many others have no style-card. Some believe in writ¬
ten law and some do not. In New York, some years ago,
one newspaper had a style-card with so many rules that
nobody ever knew all of them, and another would never
have any written rules. The one with no style-card was
better and more consistent than the other. And these are
each duplicated frequently. This is as near as one can
guess the average experience ; offices are divided about
fifty-fifty as to having style-cards.

We may easily determine by slight research the fact
that English literature is not governed by any system of
general rules. We find in different books and different
periodicals so many disagreements as to capital letters,
punctuation, and various other matters, that we are soon
convinced of the lack of a common understanding on any
of these points.

It is decidedly regrettable that we have not some final
authority to make language laws, so that there might be
universal agreement on every detail. But this is merely
a dream. It may never be. That much of the present
disagreement could be profitably eliminated, however, is
certain ; and the present writer is convinced that the only
means of securing it is the making of rules that can be
understood by everybody, and can not be misunderstood
by anybody. Such clearness is almost impossible, and its
attainment is not likely for a long time yet; but it is cer¬
tainly worth striving for. One tendency is observable
that should be combated. It is shown in the common
demand for innumerable rules, which should not be neces¬
sary. Greatest utility undoubtedly will be found in the
least possible number of widely inclusive rules. Futility
is inherent in overworked numbers and in ambiguous
expression.

One of the most futile rules ever devised is probably
the most widely accepted one that is current. It would
be hard, to say the least, to find a person who would dis¬
sent from the ruling that every proper name must be
capitalized. Nothing could be said against it. Yet our
books and our papers show the utmost disagreement in
capitalization, which evidences plainly a wide divergence
in the understanding of “ proper name.” A settlement of
this divergence is apparently impossible, and practice will
probably continue to rest upon locally enforced detailed
rules. These rules should not be made too numerous,
though.

It is somewhat surprising to find that one of the most
honored and successful printers wrote something that
might lead to chaos, when it surely was meant to be help¬
ful. Theodore L. De Vinne, in “ Correct Composition,”
says: “A working knowledge of punctuation is not to be
acquired merely by learning rules ; the understanding of
an author’s meaning should be the earliest study. Next
comes a knowledge of the elements of grammar. Careful
reading of standard editions of good authors is always
helpful. The compositor should make his own rules, but
he can not do this until he can properly discriminate
between the different parts of a sentence. The great object
of punctuation is to make clear to the reader the meaning
of the author. Rules are of value, but the unfolding of
obscured sense is the object of most importance.”

Something much clearer and more definitive than this
is necessary for a satisfactory settlement. We can not
expect a good result from any such chaotic procedure as
that recommended by Mr. De Vinne. Some compositors
and some operators could make good rules, but those who
are competent are few indeed compared to the whole
number.

THE INLAND PRINTER

351

ASSOCIATION OF PRINTING SALESMEN
OF MINNEAPOLIS.

BY J. E. REAVIS.

NE of the chief units of the Minneapolis,
Minnesota, Typothets in helping to carry
out the extensive three-year plan of the
United Typothetse of America is the Asso¬
ciation of Printing Salesmen. This club
was organized in June, 1917, under a con¬
stitution and by-laws, holds semi-monthly
meetings, and has a membership of seventy-
five. The objects of the association are to encourage and
foster a feeling of friendship between printing salesmen;
devise ways and means for bettering conditions and ad¬
vancing interests of the industry; cooperate in eliminating

the principal planks in this code reads: “We should,
therefore, firmly resolve to test every transaction by the
standard of truth and justice.”

Regular meetings are held at noon. Luncheon is
served, after which one hour is devoted to association
business and discussion of various phases of printing and
selling the same.

The association has the approval and cooperation of
the Minneapolis Typothetas.

There are a few printers who have not joined the
movement, but practically ninety per cent of the plants
are represented.

Conditions among salesmen and owners previous to
entering upon the three-year plan were such that a favor¬
able report could not be made. There was unfair com¬
petition, slashing of prices, and distrust among salesmen

R. C. McLeod, president.

Clarence Leighton, secretary.

Officers of the Association of Printing Salesmen of Minneapolis.

Harry S. Neal, instructor.

the evils of ignorant and ruinous competition; create a
wider knowledge of the elements of cost and salesmanship;
and protect each other from undesirable customers.

Membership is limited to those selling printing in Min¬
neapolis, which includes owners who do not meet the trade
direct. The membership fee is $2, and the dues $1.50 a
quarter.

The organization is under the control of a board of
governors, composed of the president of the association,
vice-president, secretary, and five members elected at large.
The president, vice-president and secretary are elected for
one year, while the five members hold office six months.
There are no regular committees, but the president has
the power to appoint special committees for special work.

The president is R. C. McLeod; vice-president, E. L.
Richardson; secretary, Clarence Leighton.

Harry S. Neal, executive secretary of the local typoth-
etae, and a thoroughly practical man, is instructor.

The board of governors attends to such matters as are
referred to it by the association, and reports its recommen¬
dations. Any dissatisfied member has the right of appeal
from the board. The board also has the authority to for¬
mulate measures and suggest remedies for immediate and
permanent benefit, and deal with minor grievances as it
concludes best.

Included in the constitution is a code of ethics, to which
all members subscribe. Adherence to this code is left to
the moral obligation of the individual member. One of

and customers. The organization and association of sales¬
men and owners in this club has already brought about
a changed condition, in which the printer and his industry
are materially and financially benefited. There are cases
on record in the secretary’s office that show more money
was obtained on certain work, a better quality of print¬
ing was done, and satisfied customers were increased in
number.

The following schedule of work has been planned and
is being carried out by the association :

Membership: Solicitation and information bulletins.

Sales: Shoppers’ lists and discussion of buyers’

methods.

Estimating: Study courses, demonstrations and com¬
parisons of completed work with cost records.

Salesmanship: Periodical lectures, demonstrations be¬
fore class and methods of unfair competition.

Trade abuses: By purchasers of printing, non-asso¬
ciation members and outside firms.

Extension work: Printed-matter from other associa¬
tions, semi-monthly luncheons and bulletins to non¬
members.

Cost-finding information : Study of cost accounting,
demonstrations of cost applications, and comparative ma¬
chine and hand operation costs.

Lectures: Monthly lectures on salesmanship, special
feature lectures and special illustrated lectures.

Sales efficiency: Other organizations’ methods, dummy

352

THE INLAND PRINTER

cost discussion and cost of making estimates that are non-
producing.

Special study: Lithography, envelope-making, book¬
binding and processwork.

After completing work of organizing the salesmen, the
first step by the club was to organize a class in estimating
for printers. This course is the one prepared by the Com¬
mittee on Education of the United Typothetse of America.
It consists of eighteen lessons.

The class meets each Monday evening from 4:30 to 9
o’clock at the Dunwoody Institute, an industrial school
of high standing. The recitation is divided into two
periods. The first is from 4:15 to 5:15, during which the
class discusses the current lesson. The following forty-
five minutes is devoted to a written examination of the
current lesson. One hour is then taken for dinner and
rest, after which a discussion of the coming lesson is
indulged in.

There are fifty-one members in the class, among which
are three young women. In the class there are salesmen,
employing printers, shop foremen and representatives from
several allied industries.

The class is now on its fifth lesson, the lesson sheets
being the first off the press and sent from headquarters
at Indianapolis. This makes the first class taking the
Standard course in estimating as outlined by the national
Typothetae.

Classwork is conducted like any school. Manuscripts
are sent to the Indianapolis headquarters, graded and re¬
turned to the student. At the close of the course a
general examination will be given and diplomas will be
awarded to those making satisfactory grades.

NON-ESSENTIAL BUSINESS.

Business men everywhere are wondering what is non-
essential business. This committee is receiving many in¬
quiries as to the manner in which this will be determined
by the Government and what course will be followed in
withdrawing labor and materials from such industries as
may be regarded as non-essential during the war for the
necessities of industries essential to the war.

No policy in this connection has been announced by
the Government and the above questions can not be an¬
swered. When the occasion arises, what should be done
seems clear to this committee. No action except emer¬
gency action should be taken, except in accordance with
some general plan based upon a thorough survey of indus¬
try, which, no doubt, has already been made. If un¬
necessary hardship is to be avoided, if there is to be no
discrimination, the Government should not act until a
general plan has been formulated and made known to the
business of the country.

Before a business is classified as non-essential and
deprived by act of Government of labor and materials,
the industry through duly elected representatives should
be given an opportunity to discuss the matter, and to
learn the premises of the Government and the reasons for
action. The motive of the Government — the concentra¬
tion of industrial energy toward winning the war —
appeals to all, and every industry can be relied upon to
assist in bringing itself into adjustment with the war
needs of the country.

As has been frequently pointed out in these bulletins,
if the Government acts in this connection with sufficient
dispatch, the industries of the country may be given an
opportunity to meet the needs of the emergency in a grad¬
ual manner and after deliberate planning. With English

experience as a guide, and with the unhesitating support
which business has given to the Government in the na¬
tional effort, full opportunity is afforded for deliberate
planning and adjustment.

Where an industry is regarded as non-essential and
must be deprived of labor and materials, such deliberate
planning may lead to the use of substitute materials or
different processes of production. In this manner unnec¬
essary hardship may be avoided.

It should be a cardinal principle that the normal struc¬
ture of business should be maintained during these abnor¬
mal times as far as possible. Therefore, consideration
should be given to the possibility of allowing non-essential
business a proportion of its requirements of labor and
materials, so that some organization may be retained to
be developed again upon the return of peaceful conditions.

Furthermore, when the Government is forced to de¬
prive a business of materials and labor because it is non-
essential, an effort should be made by the Government to
place with the industry orders for product needed in the
war. In this manner a helping hand may be given to
business suffering solely through sacrifice for the common
good. In this same connection it may be said that if men
are to be withdrawn from industrial communities where
they have houses and gathered in manufacturing centers
already congested, there is created a great housing prob¬
lem in connection with the production of war supplies.
But if in placing war orders effort is made to produce
war supplies in the centers where labor is housed, not
only will congestion in munition centers be relieved, but
there will be avoided at the end of the war the great
problem of moving labor back to the normal producing
centers.

One of the reasons for suggesting the formation of
war service committees in industries was to bring about
an early consideration of the above problems and to direct
the attention of industries to the need in these abnormal
times of preparing for diversified or unusual production
to keep the industries intact during the war. Such com¬
mittees could effectively present to governmental authori¬
ties the manner in which industries might conform to
war-time conditions. In a democracy it is certainly far
better for industries to become adjusted to new conditions
by cooperation between the industries and the Government
rather than by compulsion of drastic and unprecedented
government action. — War Bulletin No. 29, issued by the
Committee on Cooperation with the Council of National
Defense. _

STARTING OUT RIGHT.

To the Editor: Syracuse, N. Y.

I have recently opened a first-class job-printing office
here at the above address, with a complete line of new
type, cabinets, office furniture, together with a new 10 by
15 Chandler & Price and an 8 by 12 Challenge, and am in
a position to handle all kinds of job-printing. The business
has opened up wonderfully, and I am compelled to work
my plant night and day, and am still away behind with my
orders. After buying everything that goes to make up an
up-to-date printing-plant, I find I am without one of the
most essential things; namely, The Inland Printer. I
can not see how any printing-office can be without it. I
have been in the printing business for about twenty years,
and I will say that I must credit my success in part to the
above wonderful magazine. I have filled out the order-
blank and will ask you to get me a copy here as soon as
you can, as I must keep abreast of the times, and it can
not be done without your worthy paper. — A. E. Powers.

THE INLAND PRINTER

353

BY J. L. FRAZIER.

In this department the problems of job composition will be discussed, and illustrated with numerous examples. These discussions and examples
will be specialized and treated as exhaustively as possible, the examples being criticized on fundamental principles — the basis of all art expres¬
sion. By this method the printer will develop his taste and skill, not on mere dogmatic assertion, but on recognized and clearly defined laws.

Thoughts on Holiday Printing.

HE holiday season is upon us.
Soon — provided they are not al¬
ready at it — those typographers
who find joy in following their
craft, but who, because of ambi¬
tion, find the humdrum irksome,
will bask in the joy of doing work
on which their best talents may
find expression. Holiday greet¬
ings — and all printing on which
a holiday motif is followed — fur¬
nish the compositor in the average plant his best
opportunity for demonstrating ability to create
pleasing typographic effects.

The increase in the number of Christmas greet¬
ings received by The Inland Printer from year to
year indicates an increasing realization of the pos¬
sibilities for personal and business good will to be
created or maintained by consideration of the sen¬
timent which the spirit of the season prompts.
Whether intended for personal or for business use,
a well-designed, well-printed greeting-card or folder
invariably makes an appeal which is remembered
long after the card itself is forgotten. Used for
business purposes, it is one of the simplest, yet most
effective, means of building good will among both
present and prospective customers. A surprising
number of business men prize such cards bearing
sage words of advice, en¬
couragement and uplift.

On an advertising blot¬
ter recently issued by
Turner & Porter, Inc.,

Buffalo, New York, print¬
ers, the point of “ good
will ” is made the domi¬
nant appeal, the displayed
head-line reading as fol¬
lows : “ Nothing Better

Than Holiday Greetings
to Establish Good Will.”

The text of the blotter
reads, in part: “ Realize
that your business is built
on good will. Preserve

^tiling you most want will be on your
Free is the wish of

The Jtivertisinf’ Jgency of

Woodward & Tiernan Printing Company
Saint Louis, U. S. A.

A simple method of obtaining a distinctive greeting. A
Christmas seal, such as may be secured at any stationery
store during the holiday season, is pasted on the fold-over.

and extend it. Holiday greetings are the last word
in effectiveness. It takes a Christmas sentiment to
get under the skin.” W

It is especially appropriate that printers and
others concerned with the graphic arts should make
use of an interchange of greetings during the holi¬
day season, as such communications convey not only
sentiment, but are also a token of the sender’s own
work.

Then, there’s the personal side. Most of us want
to convey our “ season’s greetings ” in novel and indi¬
vidual style. As an expression from ourselves, we
dislike the idea of sending our friends stereotyped
greetings, feeling that an individual form adds a
personal touch to the words in which we express our
good wishes. This quite natural desire offers print¬
ers an opportunity to develop considerable business,
and, with all the equipment at his command for pro¬
ducing distinctive forms, the printer’s own greetings
will, of course, be unlike any other.

Certain considerations of appropriateness, and the
practice of years, dictate, in a general way, the
acceptable styles in which greetings may be made
up. None of them, however, are inviolable, but ad¬
herence to them carries with it an expression wholly
in keeping with the season.

Holiday printing should be seasonable, both as to
arrangement, type-faces and colors selected for the
work. In harmony with this season of best wishes

and good cheer, printing
should come forth in its
brightest and happiest
hues.

Green and red inks on
pure white antique stock
form the most commonly
used combination for an¬
nouncements, greetings
and other holiday forms.

Both red and green are
what might be termed gay
colors, and are appropri¬
ate for the reason that
years of association have
made the holly and mis-
tletoe essential to a proper

354

THE INLAND PRINTER

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z;*« «“

«u

?&• ir**

JloUday V %§
greeting % *5^

S«t (<p I JiVSitth

w**’

celebration of the occasion. Red represents the ber-
ries, and green the leaves of the holly in its natural
qp state. These colors have further significance in the
fact that red proclaims passion, joy and love, and
the green is suggestive of the Christmas tree. On
Christmas programs, and work of an ecclesiastical
nature, red-orange and black inks are preferable.
Even white stock has distinctive claims for use, in
that it is the very essence of purity and symbolizes
all that is good and divine — important considera-

who went in search of the Holy Grail, and is there
fore considered symbolic, ecclesiastical decoration.

The gothic, or black-letter, commonly known to the
printer in type as text, is a very good letter for use
in connection with holiday printing. Born in a relig¬
ious atmosphere, and at a time when the black-letter
was almost universally used in the lettering of manu¬
scripts, it was but natural that printing from mov¬
able types should have its beginning in the gothic
letters, and that the first type should be cut in this

A group of holiday greetings from Axel Edw. Sahlin, of the Roycroft Shop, East Aurora, New York,
which offer good suggestions for arrangement and, if one’s eyes are sharp, for copy as well.

tions in celebrating the birthday of our Savior. This
does not mean, however, that other colors may not be
used, for they are frequently employed to good effect.

The earliest printing was of an ecclesiastical na¬
ture, and the style of arrangement characteristic of
that work has become an accepted motif for modern
holiday printing. Features in that work were rubri¬
cated uncial initial letters, gothic lettering and lav¬
ish, yet consistent, use of rules. Maltese crosses
were used here and there to fill short lines, and else¬
where in the work simply as decoration. The rules
originated through the necessity of the writers of
manuscript books for guide-lines to follow in their
• lettering. Besides the practical purposes thus ren-
| dered, the rules served also as ornament, and, printed
A in red, they serve this decorative purpose today. The
ya Maltese cross was used extensively as decoration in
the manuscript books. It was the emblem of knights

form. The fact that the printing of that period was
entirely of a religious nature makes unavoidable the
association of that style of letter with ecclesiastical
and, consequently, holiday printing.

In using the text-letter, the printer must bear in
mind several things. He must remember, first of all,
that he should endeavor to make his page or group
of type as black as he possibly can without sacri¬
ficing legibility. Just as in very light faces, such as
Camelot, we get the best effect when spacing is wide
and open, so in text-letters, where the black of the
letters overbalances the white, we get the best tone,
or value, when spacing between lines, letters and
words is reduced to a minimum. The rich, even tone
so desirable in a page of gothic type is lost when
spots of white, caused by wide spacing, appear-. The
black-letter resulted from a condensing of the orig¬
inal gothic form in a desire to save space — presum-

Qtrjjlgs

3 Christina y,
t ffo Jflp jfritnbs

ill )>>;r v

1 . | a II.: ( >.»•>':?

O - .. . G ,

THE INLAND PRINTER

355

!$S»>

^^9 ably on account of the expense of the parchment on

if . . . . . . . .

which the lettering was done — and when we widely
letter-space a type-face that has as a main feature
of its design a con-

densed shape, the ab¬
surdity is at once ap¬
parent. The old-style
roman faces — among
which the Caslon is
perhaps the best — may
also be used for work
of this character, espe¬
cially on pages having
a considerable amount
of matter which, if set
entirely in text, would
be hardly legible. The
best possible selection
for holiday work, there¬
fore, is gothic for disr
play and old-style ro¬
man for those lines
which, if set in the ar¬
tistic text-letter, would
not be easy to read.

There are psychological reasons, too, for the strict
adherence to appropriateness in the execution of holi¬
day printing. For example, contrast two Christmas-
greeting cards: One is printed from bold, crude
letters with black ink, and in the design no symbolic
decoration is used. The other is printed in green
and red from artistic types, with perhaps a holly
border, or Christmas bell, as part of the design. On
receiving the first, one
realizes that he has been
remembered, but a feel¬
ing that the sender was
prompted by business rea¬
sons or an obligation is
sensed in the cold, black
type. It seems that it
came as a matter of
course, and not as it should
— a message of love, cheer
and good wishes. How dif¬
ferent one feels when in
his hands he holds the sec¬
ond, or one of like char¬
acter. Its very warmth
grasps as a hearty hand¬
shake, and the recipient is
possessed of a feeling that
the sender really intends
and surely feels the exact
words the message con¬
veys.

When the desirability of
decoration in holiday work
is suggested, it is not with
the idea that it should
dominate the design. As
in all work, it should be
used merely to strengthen,

TfO YOU-WHOSEQdti
BUSINESS HELPS MAKE
OURS SUCCESSFUL-WE
SEND CORDIAL APPRE¬
CIATION. OQOM AY YOUR — j
CHRISTMAS BE MERRY Cl Q.
AND YOUR. NEW YEARQQ
PROSPEROUS.

HOOD RUBBER--
— COMPANY —

WATERTOWN. MASS.

An interesting card, originally printed in red, green and black
illustrating good use of appropriate decoration.

A greeting-folder set to music — that is, decorative music —
and designed by that clever letterer and designer,

Will Ransom, of Chicago, Illinois.

brighten or to symbolize. Desirable as ornament
undeniably is in this connection, it loses its value and
force when it subordinates the message the design

is intended to convey.
Camouflage is valuable
in warfare, but a men¬
ace to typography. In¬
stead of acting as a
muzzle, it should allow
the type to talk — yes,
help it talk more pleas¬
ingly, more emphatic¬
ally, more convincingly.
Ornament should never
be allowed to violate the
simplicity of the de¬
sign and should ever be
used with restraint.

The specimens shown
on these pages and on
the colored insert pre¬
ceding are illustrative
not only of the charac¬
ter of text used for
greetings, but of forms

for arrangement and of appropriate decoration.

On the opening page of this article, an idea is
given which can be adapted in a variety of ways.
The panel, containing the words “ A Christmas
Wish,” is printed on a fold-over, which must be
raised to read the beginning of the sentiment. The
name of the sender, however, appears as the greeting
is first received. Since the bottom of this fold-over

has a deckled edge, a very
pretty effect is given. The
idea of attaching a stock
seal, lithographed or
printed in colors, such as
may be obtained at small
cost, to the greeting adds
the proper atmosphere at
a fraction of what the
cost for plates and print¬
ing such embellishment on
the form proper would be.
Here, also, is an idea that
can be utilized by every
one, and considerable ex¬
pense may be saved
thereby — especially on
small runs. The rules in
the original were printed
in gold — which can often
be used with telling effect
on greetings- — and the
type-matter in black on
India Japan stock, which,
with the added red, green
and gold of the seal, gave
a rich appearance, full of
warmth.

The exhibit of Mr. Sah-
lin’s work on page 354

2*0 - - -

356

THE INLAND PRINTER

CHRISTMAS

i9'3

December 24, 1913

Dear Old Chap:-

Who was li started this Christmas card idea,
anyhow? Possibly some enterprising printer with
a view to creating more business for his shop,
but however that may be I ’ as glad somebody origi¬
nated it.

There are two happy days in the year for me:
One is when "me and my folks" gather round the
Yule-log on Christmas Day, back at the old home,
with "Pa and his folks," and the other is the day
my Greeting goes out to those I love to call
Friend— and, thank God, I'll have to buy sore stamps
this year to make a complete job of it.

Bles3 your soul! A mental photograph of you
was before me when I wrote your name and address;
some little experience of ours — maybe a Y. M. C. A.
gathering or Anti-Saloon League m«. ■‘ting — was in my
mind's eye when I licked the stamp; and inside the
envelope was sealed up a heartful of love. Mushy?
Dulcinea stuff? Maybe; but if you love a friend,
why not tell him so? (He may borrow money from
you tomorrow, and then it might be too late!)

Anyhow, Here's happiness and prosperity for
the coming year! Hot the kind Providence dumps
down on you without effort on your part, but
happiness you create at the office, in the social
circle, around the fireside; and prosperity you
dig up out of the business by studying 9H.

Let's go to it with a will!

Sincerely,

1327 Munsey Bldg.
Baltimore, Md.

First and third pages of an unusual folder. It will be noted that the personal card of the sender is inserted through slits in the first
page. Note that no holiday decoration is used, but, in this case, the originality of the idea would
seem to excuse and make up for that fault.

illustrates appropriate
decoration and good taste
in type selection. All the
specimens shown in the
group possess the desirable
Christmas flavor, and as
such serve as good models
for appropriate treatment
of greeting-cards, folders
and other holiday work.

Novelties create interest
in holiday greetings, as in
anything else. The thing
that is unusual is the
thing that will command
the greatest attention.
From this standpoint, Mr.
Ransom’s greeting scores
high. While it is all but
impossible for the compos¬
itor, working with type
and cast ornaments, to
approximate the appear¬
ance of the work of the
artist, a suggestion such
as this has value in its
power to inspire thought.

A more absolute disre¬
gard for the conventional
could scarcely be conceived
than Mr. Hill’s folder, the
^^printed first and third

| 0 may the New
^ | Year be a happy

, ) one to you, happy to

J many more , whose
happiness depends
oft you, so may each
year be happier than
the last. [SSE]

David Silve

January i11

1917

pages of which are repro¬
duced on this page. As
will be noted in the illus¬
tration, the first page was
slitted to admit the en¬
graved personal card of
the sender. To those who
are desirous of avoiding
the ordinary, here is a
good suggestion. Frankly,
we think a touch of holi¬
day decoration just below
the type-lines on the first
page would add consider¬
able warmth to the greet¬
ing, and not a little
brightness to its appear¬
ance. In spite of its great
interest, due to the un¬
usual idea, it is cold — at
least it looks that way, and
appearances, you know,
count for much.

At Christmas time each
year The Inland Printer
receives many beautiful
greetings, and a number
of those received last year
were reproduced in the
February issue. Readers
may refer to that number
for additional ideas.

THE INLAND PRINTER

357

BY J. L. FRAZIER.

tinder this head will be briefly reviewed brochures, booklets and specimens of printing sent in for criticism. Literature submitted for this pur¬
pose should be marked “For Criticism” and directed to The Inland Printer Company, Chicago. Postage on packages containing specimens must
mot be included in package of specimens, unless letter postage is placed on the entire package. Specimens should be mailed flat, not rolled.

A. H. Fischer, Baltimore, Maryland. — The
blotter for Meyer & Thalheimer is especially
pleasing in color harmony ; and, while the de¬
sign is stiff to a degree, it is quite effective.

Edwin H. Stuart, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
— “ Good Typography — What It Is and How to
Produce It,” is an exceptionally
interesting booklet, and the text

— an address delivered by you
before a local club — is chock-
full of interesting matter.

Watson-Jones, Inc., San Diego,

California. — In work so uni¬
formly excellent as yours, we can
suggest no improvements. Intel¬
ligent type-use, excellent press-
work and exceptional taste in
the selection of colors are char¬
acteristic good qualities of your
product.

A hand-lettered card, done in
an unusual and interesting style,
announces the removal of the
office of Alex. F. Pich, the de¬
signer, from the Security build¬
ing to 179 West Washington
street, Chicago. Mr. Pich spe¬
cializes in planning and execut¬
ing art work for catalogues,
booklets and other advertising.

The card is reproduced on this
page.

Emil George Sahlin, East
Aurora, New York. — The divi¬
sion of your Christmas-greeting
card into two equal panels is in
violation of the principle of pro¬
portion and causes the design to
appear uninteresting. The green
is too weak in tone, allowing the
uncial initials — - printed in red

— to dominate. Your letter-head
is interesting and pleasing.

Jay D. Rudolph, Davenport,

Iowa. — Specimens are all ad¬
mirably neat and effective. The
Iowa Magazine is exceptionally
well designed, made up and
printed. Advertisements therein
are sanely set, hence readable
and easy to comprehend. You
are justified if you feel proud of
your work, and we are anxious
to see more of it.

Excellent specimens of typog¬
raphy, enhanced by good press-
work and exceptional taste in the
•selection of colors of ink in rela¬
tion to the colors of stock, have
been received from Harry E.

Morrison, Wyoming, Iowa. Mr.

Morrison’s work is decidedly
clever, and customers of the firm
■with which he is identified are

fortunate in having such an efficient designer
of printing at their service.

The Herald Press, Manistique, Michigan.—
The stationery forms are interesting. The
colors, however, seem “ washed out ”• — that is,
flat and without snap. This may be because

the press was not thoroughly clean when the
light colors used were put on, as it appears
that black has killed their luster. Not enough
ink was carried, and the impression was too
weak for the linen-finished stock used, which
requires a hard, firm impression if the charac¬
ters are to print clearly.

Ellsworth Geist, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania. — The booklet on
book-plates is beautiful. The text
is made up of a short article on
the history of book-plates and, as
stated on the title-page, “ some
facts concerning them.” Fine
printing is a hobby with Mr.
Geist, as well as a meal ticket,
and he gets considerable joy out
of doing uncommon things and
common things uncommonly well.
Would there were more like him.

M. C. Henderson, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania. — Specimens of
your work last received are of
excellent quality. We have no
suggestions to offer that would
result in improvement in so far
as fundamentals are concerned.
Personal taste as to type-faces is
not considered in our reviews un¬
less the type-faces are illegible
or unattractive, which they are
not in your case - — a very satis¬
factory plain roman being used.

August Gustafson, San Fran¬
cisco, California. — Specimens of
your work done in the plant of
Walter N. Brunt are of a very
good grade. The Masonic menu
for the dinner tendered Francis
V. Keeling is especially interest¬
ing. There is a tendency on your
part, however, to use too many
rules for borders, and also inside
borders, and we also note that
some of the lines set in capitals
are crowded too closely. Watch
these points and your work will
be improved.

The Vandergrift News, Van-
dergrift, Pennsylvania. — The
folder, “ Country Store Does
$465,000 Business a Year,” is in¬
teresting in design. Of the sev¬
eral tints used, we prefer the
buff — • which you have marked
No. 3 — although, because of the
relative weakness of the color, it
would have been much better to
use slightly heavier rules — for
example, two-point face. The use
of heavier rules would be advis¬
able with all the colors except the
light red, which we do not ad¬
mire, as it appears bizarre.

Alex E Pich

179 W. Washington St
PUne: Franklin 4047

Iwish to announce
the removal of5
my studio from the
Security Building to
the abovte address.
My telephone ndm-
her is changed to
Fr a n kl i n 4047. u ~
1 plan and e'xecute
Art Work for Cata¬
logues s Booklets
and all other Ad¬
vertising
-and design Post¬
ers s Labels and
Trade Marks, v

CHICAGO

OCTOBER, 1917

Unusual style of lettering and an unconventional arrangement. A removal
notice by Alex. F. Pich, advertising art, Chicago, originally
printed in three colors on white card stock.

358

THE INLAND PRINTER

Mansfield Printing Company, Boston, Mas¬
sachusetts. — Your new hand-lettered letter-head
is exceptionally good. It is not only well de¬
signed, but its character indicates quality and

of being retained on recipients’ desks, whereas
otherwise they might be discarded.

T. Price Wilson, Winchester, Pennsylvania.
■ — The specimens are interesting and very well

designed, although, personally, we think you
could get along with fewer panels and with less
rulework. The paper used for your October
statement is hard to print upon satisfactorily ;

EVIDENCE

BEING A FEW FACTS ABOUT
THE SERVICE AND WORK OF A
PRINTING HOUSE THAT
MAKES GOOD

THE HOLMES PRESS

PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Of course every printing establish¬
ment feels that it is especially equipped
to handle all forms of printed matter. It
is good that you think differently. When
you buy printed matter you want more
than just printing — you want real “ser¬
vice,” which means not merely careful
printing and prompt adherence to prom¬
ises, but also intelligent assistance in the
planning and writing of your advertising
material.

Here is where The Holmes Press differs
from the average printing house. We
consider the printing as merely a link-—

Title-page and one text-page from a beautiful house-organ, publication of which was recently begun by The Holmes Press, Philadelphia, Penn¬
sylvania. The text-pages were printed in black and red-orange on an excellent grade of antique white stock, of good weight and with deckled edges.
Exhibit pages, three of which are reproduced on the following page, were printed on smooth white stock. The extended cover, reproduced below, was
printed in black on heavy, white antique stock — the word, “ Evidence,” being embossed as well as printed — producing an especially pleasing effect.

dignity. The private letter-head for
Harry A. Mansfield would be im¬
proved if the matter set in small
capitals beneath the name were bro¬
ken up into lines, according to sense,
so that comprehension would be
clearer. This group should be nearer
the name, and one-point leads be¬
tween the lines would improve legi¬
bility and appearance.

George Branish, Denver, Colo¬
rado. — Your work is well designed
and quite effective. Because of the
rather strong, warm color used on
the blotter for The Wepf Printing
Company, we suggest the use of
lighter rules, not heavier than six
and one point, respectively. Had a
blue tint been used instead of the
orange, the twelve and three point
rules would not be too heavy. The
brighter and stronger the color, the
lighter and weaker the items printed
therein must be. Warm colors are
best used only in small proportions.

From George J. Fisher, Union
Hill, New Jersey, we have received
an attractive blotter, along two sides
of which rules and figures are
printed in the correct position to
serve as a three and six inch square
or rule, respectively. This idea is
not new, but it will bear repeating
from time to time as a way to make
a blotter useful for other purposes
than that of absorbing ink. Doubly
useful, blotters stand a better chance

EVIDENCE

Cover of new house-organ of The Holmes Press,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

it requires a hard, firm impression
and plenty of “ squeeze.” A thin
sheet of rubber beneath the top sheet
of the tympan will aid in forcing the
ink into the “ holes,” by which term
we refer to thin places in the paper.
Had you followed the suggestions
made above, the appearance of the
statement would be better, as the
form is poorly printed.

W. J. Healy, Montreal, Quebec.
— • The “ Mor-Lite ” booklet prepared
by your firm. The Gazette Printing
Company, for the Canadian Fair-
banks-Morse Company, is one of the
handsomest printed things we have
seen in some months. The color-
print tipped onto the cover-page, a
blue-gray Italian hand-made stock,
is beautiful, to say the least. The
artist, as well as the engraver and
printer, is justified if he feels
proud of the results. Typography of
inside pages is dignified, pleasing
and eminently readable. “ Storied
Halifax ” is also an exceptionally
pleasing booklet.

A. J. Rishea, Kingston, Ontario.
— Considering the short time you
have worked at hand-lettering, you
do exceptionally well. The letters
are well proportioned, and the rag¬
ged, rough outlines so frequently
noted in the work of beginners are
conspicuous by their absence from
your work. You should practice
curves diligently, however, for yours

THE INI, AND PRINTER

359

■are stiff to a degree. While your illustrating is
not good — no one would expect it to be in so
short a time — it shows that you have talent
which, if developed, might lead to very satis¬
factory results. It's a long, hard road to inde¬
pendence in art, however, and many fall by the

the subheadings in the lists of items, which type¬
face does not harmonize with the lines above
and below.

R. H. Allen, Chicago, Illinois. — The pro¬
gram of the graduating exercises of the School
for Apprentices is, as a whole, quite pleasing

and suggestive of quality. We do not admire
the arrangement and design of the cover, but
the hand-made stock used therefor saves it. On
ordinary paper that design would provoke un¬
favorable comment, no doubt. The main fault
with it is the bulky contour of the group of

— - - - - - - - - - - *

lettering — its lack of shape, due
to the fact that all the lines are
so nearly equal in length. By
making some of the lines smaller
and by a slight rearrangement of
them, a definite shape could be
obtained without much difficulty,
no doubt, and the appearance
would be greatly improved. The
group of lettering does not con¬
form to the shape of the page,
being too wide in proportion to
its depth to harmonize with the
paper-page and the border. The
inside pages are delightfully
pleasing.

Arthur C. Gruver, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania. — Specimens of
your work are neat and dignified.
The several arrangements of the
little card by different composi¬
tors in your chapel demonstrate
that great changes of appearance
are made possible in small, simple
copy by variations in type and
arrangement only. There is lit¬
tle, if any, room for choice be¬
tween most of them, although we
do not admire the one in which
the word “ If ” is displayed in
italic. On the oblong card, the
large size of type and the short
length of the word forced a dis¬
pleasing distribution of the white
space, the bulk of it being in the
top half of the design. Although
the display line is several times
“§• as large as the type below, the

wayside. Start only with deter¬
mination to see it through.

J. H. Fitzgerald, Hamilton,
Montana. — The cover-design for
the proceedings of the Montana
Eagles’ annual meeting is effec¬
tively designed. The red is a
little dark — red-orange would
have been much more effective,
because brighter. We do not ad¬
mire the bottom group because
of the last short line, which sug¬
gested the use of light-face rules
to fill it to full measure. An ar¬
rangement of these words in
which “ Montana ” would go
into the first line and on which
the date alone would appear on
the second, making a long and
short line group, would have been
more pleasing.

Otto H. Paulson, Oklee, Min¬
nesota. — • The arrangement of the
“ Market Day ” poster is orderly
and display is good. On the in¬
side of the border we would pre¬
fer to see plain rules of, say,
three-point thickness used as cut¬
offs instead of the heavier rules
and the decorative borders. Em¬
phasized prices in the list of
items would add interest to the
poster and cause readers to real¬
ize, or imagine, that the prices
are really low. A psychological
suggestion would thereby be of¬
fered. We regret the use of
extra-condensed block-letter for

Exhibit pages from Evidence, house-organ of The Holmes Press,
Philadelphia. (See preceding page for other reproductions.)

360

THE INLAND PRINTER

greater mass, as well as width of the mass, of
small type dominates, and the design is made
bottom-heavy. Had the designer arranged this
design the narrow way of the page, the appear¬
ance would be better. Your
letter-heads are especially good.

Along with its monthly calen¬
dar, The Marchbanks Press, New
York city, recently issued an
envelope-stuffer entitled “ Print¬
ing That Doesn't Wave Its Hands
or Yell,” which was executed in
the usual exceptionally interest¬
ing Marchbanks style. Another
stuffer advertising holiday print¬
ing is reproduced on this page.

John E. Yowell, Gordon, Ne¬
braska. — Red in tint form is
seldom pleasing, especially when
the disk of the press is not thor¬
oughly cleaned from the previous
run of black, allowing some of
the black to impregnate the red
and white. The effect is invari¬
ably flat, as in the case of the
designs submitted by you, and
printers are accustomed to speak
of such colors as being “ washed
out.” On other tints, tints of
cold colors especially, a little
black filtering into the composi¬
tion does not have such a dele¬
terious effect. As far as design
is concerned, you do very well.

You improved the letter-head for
the Strong Curio Company, in so
far as design is concerned, al¬
though yours is rather too deco¬
rative. You have used four colors
in this particular design, whereas
two, the brown and the green
(the latter made slightly lighter
than used by you), should have
been sufficient to obtain equally
striking and much more pleasing
results. One should practice sim¬
plicity in use of color's as well as
in other respects.

C. G. Richard, Shreveport,

Louisiana. — Of the two arrange¬
ments of the letter-head for the
Hawkeye Tire Company, the one
printed on blue stock is by all
odds the better. Some might se¬
lect the other, but their selection
would be based on their own par¬
ticular taste, unfortunately not
developed by an understanding of
fundamentals, and those prefer¬
ring it would not be able to give
constructive reasons for their
preference. The one printed on
blue is better because it is more
orderly, better balanced, and be¬
cause it is symmetrical. The
main line of the other crowds
the edge of the paper at the top
altogether too closely, making it
appear top-heavy, which any one
should be able to see at a fleeting
glance. The large hole in the
center gives the appearance of
a lack of stability in the design,
which is accentuated by the fact
that the group on the left side is
several times larger than the
group on the right.

Ben Wiley, Charleston, Illi¬
nois. — You are doing very well
for a start in making tint-blocks
from pressboard. You could
eliminate the difficulty experi¬
enced with the two large lines of
letters by cutting out several of

each character, mounting them one on top of
the other on electrotype blocks. The writer
formerly did that kind of work frequently,
especially when large display lines were re-

0, I

yearly fbx&otl

So did i;

« O

Is one oP these

you

No? O- ■ — h, then you've
already attended to your
Christmas Card Problem.
That's nice. We make them
lor some people. Christmas
will be yesterday before
we know it, won’t it ?

The Marchbanks Press
114 East 13* >New York.
Stuyvesant 1197

The Marchbanks Press, New York city, does a big business at this time of
year printing greeting-cards, folders, etc. This stuffer, originally printed in
orange and black on brown hand-made stock, was used to advertise that class
of work. Quality is represented by the excellence of the paper and workman¬
ship ; and it scores effectively as advertising because of the ingenious idea.

quired for which the wood type of the plant in
which he was employed was not suited. The
plan followed was to use heavy, hard bristol
for about three layers, using pressboard for
the top layer only. After the
letters were mounted, one on
top of the other to type height,
some trimming was necessary to
make the edges smooth and
sharp. Owing to the fact that
several layers of stock were used,
no difficulty was experienced
with the block printing at points
between letters, as is sure to be
the case with letters built up of
one thickness only. You could
cut your lines much straighter
on the background and border
blocks.

Theo. E. Moline, St. Paul,
Minnesota. — Typography on the
specimens of your work sent us
is of a very good grade. You
seem to realize the advantages
of simplicity in arrangement
and, without using gaudy col¬
ors, you have secured effective
results. The blotters are espe¬
cially good, and are well written
in addition to being well designed
and printed. We expect to use
these as suggestions for our read¬
ers some time in the future. The
blotter, “ For printing, litho¬
graphing,” etc., is not pleasing,
however, due to the fact that
the type-block in the upper right-
hand panel does not conform to
the shape and proportions of that
panel. Outside the lack of pleas¬
ing shape relations between the
two, an irregular, displeasing
distribution of the white space
is effected which is not good.
Because of the extraordinary
amount of white space on the
right side, the design as a whole
is overbalanced on the left side.
On the proof-envelope, which is
very striking, we would prefer
to see the rule which is printed
in red made continuous so as to
unify the design. It appears dis¬
jointed, in effect, as printed.

R. H. Parmalee, Albany, New
York. — Most all your specimens
are interesting and clever in de¬
sign, especially the card for
Joseph A. Rice. We do not ad¬
mire the large lower-case “ f ”
used as an embellishment, planted
in olive, on the card announcing
the ball of the local typographical
union. The arrangement of the
main lines, set in capitals, is
such that, in combination with
the character of the letters, com¬
prehension is difficult. Capitals
should be used with restraint,
especially in large masses, for
they are difficult to read — the
eye having been trained for
years to read lower-case. On the
proof-envelope for the Telegram
Press, the words “ of the,” set in
capitals of regular proportions,
contrast disagreeably with the
lines which are set in extra-
condensed characters above and
below. If the line quoted had
been set in a smaller size, the
difference in shape would not be
so apparent. We would also
suggest absolute avoidance of

THE INLAND PRINTER

361

letter-spacing in this instance, for, by lighten¬
ing the tone of the line, the lack of harmony
of tone between it and the lines above and
below is emphasized. You exercised good judg¬
ment in the selection of colors.

Axel Edw. Sahlin, of whom all readers of
the department have heard before, has entered
the ranks of the publishers.

He has gotten up a handsome
portfolio, entitled “ Sahlin's
Typography,” filled with rep¬
resentative examples of the
product of his typographic
genius, which he proposes
to sell to ambitious typog¬
raphers who see in their
work something besides type¬
setting, justification and em¬
ployment of their time. As
with all work emanating
from the Roycroft Shop,
wherein Mr. Sahlin is super¬
intendent of composition, ex¬
pensive hand-made stock is
largely used for the speci¬
mens, as well as for the port¬
folio itself. The cover is made
of heavy boards, covered at
the hinge with yellow cloth —
which extends about two
inches over the sides at front
and back — and on the sides
with blue Italian hand-made
stock. The rules of the
cover-design are printed in
bright yellow and the type in
blue, the whole forming an
unusual combination, which
is also very striking and at
the same time beautiful. The
portfolio is approximately ten by fourteen inches
in size. The leaves on the inside, on which the
many specimens are tipped, are of the same
blue hand-made stock as used on the cover,
being unbound to facilitate their individual use.
Lovers of the beautiful and interesting in typo¬
graphic design will find much of interest and
assistance in the specimens of Mr. Sahlin's best
efforts, as shown in this portfolio.

Charles F. Shelly, Altoona, Pennsylvania.

— Your work is the exemplification of good
taste in typography. Dignified, pleasing and
orderly printing, such as that which you pro¬
duce, is representative of the most acceptable
style in vogue today. Incidentally, it is the
kind that puts dollars in the printer's pocket-
book, because the avoidance of gingerbread ■ — -
excess of ornamentation and typographic stunts

— makes it possible to do the work rapidly. It
is unfortunate that all printers do not realize
that the best work is also the simplest, and
thereby costs less to produce — that is, in so
far as composition is concerned. Italic short
ands, particularly that of Caslon Old Style, are
pleasingly used in combination with roman cap¬
itals, but the characteristics of that italic short
and are not represented in the Cheltenham
Bold character used by you on the title-page of
the folder, “ Our History and Aims.” One of
your designs, representative of the character
of all your work, is reproduced on this page.

Alfred B. Miller, Northfield, Minnesota. —
The blotter for the Mohn Printing Company is
not bad, but it is subject to improvement in
several ways. The perpendicular arrangement
of the letters in the word “ the,” at the begin¬
ning of the top line, is not pleasing. To over¬
come the necessity of such a displeasing effect,
it would, in our opinion, have been perfectly
justifiable to omit the article “ the.” Even
though that word is a part of the firm name,
identity would not be impaired by its omission ;
and, since a blotter is not a legal document, we
see no valid reason why the article should be

retained, to the detriment of display. If the
groups on either side of the blotter were set in
narrower measure, you could have avoided such
short lines at the bottom of each and at the
same time the space would be occupied with a
more uniform and pleasing distribution of white
space all around. We would also prefer to see

roman instead of italic used for these groups,
and would eliminate the hair-line rules at either
end of the lines where they are used to fill them
out to full measure, a function they do not ade¬
quately perform. In the first place, there is no
necessity for these particular lines to be full
length. Secondly, the light rules do not balance
with the type, and, being lighter in tone, do not
harmonize with it. The word-ornament, “ and,”

Advertising Rates

1 1

IN FORCE MAY 1. 1917

Altoona Mirror

M ember of A. B. C.

Published Every Evening

Except Sunday

1 {

| i

! s

Mirror Printing Co.

1 i

Altoona, Penna.

Clean, dignified and attractive typography, a
representative example of the work of Charles
F. Skelly, Altoona, Pennsylvania.

is not pleasing, as it does not harmonize with
the type of the design.

We are indebted to Young & McCallister, In¬
corporated, Los Angeles, California, for a large
broadside produced by that firm for the Auto
Theft Signal Company. The form is not only
striking and effective, printed in black and
orange in the high standard
“Y-M” way, but it is particu¬
larly interesting because two-
thirds of the inside may be
cut out by the dealer after
he has read it, and used as
a window poster to announce
that the “ Security ” lock or
signal is “ sold here.” It
illustrates effectively and de¬
scribes thoroughly the device
it advertises, which is locked
about the wheel of an auto¬
mobile, and, held there firmly,
its sharp, hard point gouges
a track in the road from the
point where the car is stolen
to the point where it may be
secreted by the thieves. An
effective illustration on this
broadside depicts a mounted
policeman picking up the
tracks made by the sharp
device, and farther down the
road, along which the holes
made by the device appear at
regular intervals, he is shown
stopping the thief, who was
riding along, oblivious that he
was leaving tell-tale marks

behind him. When it comes

to illustrating and advertis¬
ing a commodity or a novelty
effectively. Young & McCallister are to be con¬
sidered with the best in the business. They not
only manufacture printing, but, more impor¬
tant and profitable, they create ideas. The
printing-plant in their case is simply a medium
for producing effectively and properly their

main product, advertising ideas that possess a
punch.

Edward E. Bailey, Centre Hall, Pennsyl¬

vania. — ■ Your new paneled letter-head is not at
all pleasing. Why use two colors in such a
design when there is such a slight difference
between them ? That difference, however, one
being a tint of straight blue and the other a
tint of a more purplish blue, is enough to vio¬
late color harmony. The rules do not join at
all well, and the form was so poorly justified
and locked up they are very crooked. We note
also that, because of the rule arrangement, you
had to run the job through the press three
times to get the two colors. That is not effi¬
ciency, and it is especially bad since a better
effect could have been easily obtained without
the overlapping of colors. Some of the other
specimen pages, especially the program title-
pages, are very good. The blotter for the How¬
ard Creamery Corporation is especially poor,
however, the choppy appearance of the lower
part, particularly, being trying to the eyes,
makes it difficult for one to comprehend the
words. In this particular portion of the de¬
sign, the white space is broken up into small
groups that are not at all of pleasing uniform¬
ity as to position in their relation to the design
as a whole and to proper balance. The large
italic in the main group contrasts disagreeably
with the square-cornered rectangular border
and card, especially since the large size causes
the type-block to crowd the border closely. Had
smaller italic been used, with more white space
between border and type, the effect caused by
this lack of harmony would be minimized and
the design would then have been more pleasing.
The initial is too small to use alongside the two

&al

film's Cppogra

pijp

jf rom axel Cbto. H>af)(in

Cast Aurora, J?tto Port

Package-label used by the typographic genius of the Roycrofters, Axel Edwin
Sahlin, in mailing copies of a handsome portfolio of specimens of his work which
he has recently placed upon the market. This label was printed in yellow and blue
on white stock, approximating the appearance of the design on the cover of the
portfolio. Mr. Sahlin’s work is strikingly original and, hand-made stocks being
largely used, it reflects a bookish appearance, characteristic of Roycroft printing.

362

THE INLAND PRINTER

lines of the text, and the large mass of white
space below it, not balanced by a like amount
elsewhere, is very displeasing.

Earl Sinclair, Mayfield, Kentucky.' — It
would be difficult for us to tell in one short
review all the points
wherein your typography,
as represented on the mail¬
ing-list of citizens of your
county, issued in booklet
form, is inferior. One ten¬
dency we note particularly
is that of setting unimpor¬
tant lines in too large sizes
of type, thus handicapping
the prominence of the im¬
portant lines because of
lack of contrast. This also
results in an uninteresting
appearance. Another fault
is maintaining too near an
equality in the length of
unequal lines. If display
lines in an advertisement
are not all of uniform
length, there should be a
distinct difference in length
of those adjacent so that
a graceful form may be
obtained. Of course, we do
not here refer to the text-
matter of an advertisement
which, obviously, should be
set in a uniform block —
that is, lines should be
equal in such instances. By
text we refer here to the
running-matter, or reading-
matter. of an advertise¬
ment, where considerable
matter is set in one size
of type. In setting a title-
page, or cover, such as
that on this particular book¬
let, one should not scatter
the lines and masses over
the entire page. Rather,
group all the most impor¬
tant points, particularly the
words comprising the title,
with explanatory matter,
toward the top. Make up
a lower group of unimpor¬
tant features, such as the
imprint, dates, etc., and
leave a reasonable amount
of white space between to
rest the reader, which will
suggest that there is not
so much matter as there
really is. You should take
up the study of fundamen¬
tals of typography seriously,
articles touching upon
which appear in The In¬
land Printer from time to
time, and on which many
books have been written
and published. When you
know shape harmony, pro¬
portion, balance, etc., your
work will be improved
greatly. The book depart¬
ment of The Inland
Printer will gladly send a
large catalogue listing such
books and will make rec¬
ommendations to fit your
individual needs.

The Crocker-McElwain Company, Holyoke,
Massachusetts, manufacturers of bond-papers,
have sent out several folders and broadsides in
a campaign to exploit the advantages of their
papers for half-tone printing. In addition to

the argumentative text, the folders, etc., are
illustrated by half-tones, and, since the bond-
papers are used, these serve as demonstrations of
what may be done. On this page we are repro¬
ducing a panel from one of the broadsides, in

which an interesting and informative article is
given on the subject of printing half-tones on
bond-paper, by Eugene St. John, an authority
on presswork. The reproduction is not only
illustrative of the character of typography and

design in the advertising, but it should prove
helpful to all who desire to print half-tones on
letter-heads or other commercial forms where it
is desirable to use bond-paper. Printers would
do well to look into the possibilities here offered.

The J aclcsboro News,
•Jacksboro, Texas. — The
blotter, “ Printology,” is
very poor. It is too com¬
plex. It is complex in
arrangement, due to the
number of parts — both of
type and decorative units

— and their arrangement,
and it is complex because
of the number and arrange¬
ment of the colors. Had
all items printed in the
third color, olive, been
printed in green, a great
improvement in appearance
would have resulted — and
the cost of production would
have been reduced. Deco¬
rative rule and ornament
stunts, such as that below
the heading, serve no pur¬
pose except to make com¬
prehension difficult. The
word “ Printology ” stands
too far from the words ex¬
plaining it, and it is there¬
fore unlikely that readers
will understand its meaning
or grasp its significance.
The word as a head-line has
no advertising value. Copy
made up of the sentence,
“ We have the equipment,”
etc., and the name, address
and telephone number of
the firm only, would have
made better advertising.
With non-printers, the
term, “ Printology,” simply
confuses the issue. Outside
of serving to satisfy vanity
and of furnishing some¬
thing to occupy the needless
panel — ■ which is a part of
the decorative scheme re¬
ferred to above as a stunt

— the words, “ Executed by
Leeman ; O. K.'d by Mc-
Comb,” serve no purpose;
certainly none that will aid
in getting orders. White
space throughout is poorly
distributed. Best results
are obtained when a simple,
symmetrical style is fol¬
lowed. By symmetrical in
this sense we refer to the
centering of all lines from
side to side, which means
that the distribution of
white space will be uniform
on both sides. Expert
typographers who under¬
stand and can see balance,
and the lack of balance,
can afford to experiment
with out-of-center arrange¬
ments, on which striking
results are possible, but one
who does not understand
these points should stick to
orderly, symmetrical forms.
You can learn the funda¬
mentals underlying correct typography. Arti¬
cles on those subjects have been printed in these
columns from time to time, and many books are
obtainable which explain and illustrate them so
plainly they are readily understood.

HALFTONE PRINTING

on BOND PAPER

By Eugene St. John

HE texture of
the screen of
halftone plates
to print on bond paper
should not be too fine,
screens of from i io to
133 lines to the inch
printing best.

A good stiff ink finely
ground should be used
and, if black, one that
is toned with purplish
blue. Cover inks also
print well on bond paper. The average
job ink is not viscous enough, but will
generally answer if stiffened with either
cover ink or No. 8 Varnish. Sodium
silicate may be used to stiffen black ink,
but as it is alkaline it kills the luster of
the ink, causing it to appear flat.

An excessive squeeze is used in
printing on bond paper. It is impor¬
tant in order to avoid squashing of
the ink between the halftone dots to
have the rollers set light. A well-sea¬
soned roller is required to properly dis¬
tribute bond ink.

The mechanical chalk overlay and
the zinc overlay give the best results in
halftone makeready. The 1 2-point
chalk overlay board is used for bond
paper. The overlay is carried as close as
possible to the drawsheet.

If hand-cut overlays are used they
should be made stronger than for use
on coated paper. Alter the impression
has been leveled with tissue the several
tones of the plate are taken care of with
increasing thicknesses of onion-skin
tissue or folio. Where the subject of a
halftone is well defined and surrounded
by a sky or vignette, the entire subject
should be overlaid with a sheet of —
say 25x38 — 60 lb. print paper.

When printing vignetted halftone
plates, the overlays should start on a
weak impression, which shows the
edges of the vignette just printing. The
center of the plate will not be printing.

In marking up such an
impression for overlay¬
ing, the edges are missed
by a nonpareil when
making the outside
tracing for patching.
Successive smaller trac¬
ings inside should be
aboutequidistantat their
edges. The nonpareil be¬
tween the edge and the
outside tracing should
be skived, chamfered or
beveled to the edge and the edge itself
to the depth of a point or two — no
more — cut away. This sort of an over¬
lay will give the delicate fadeaway
effect. But if the edge is cut away to
the depth of — say a nonpareil the im¬
pression will be taken away from inside
of the edge and come back on the edge
and cause it to print heavy, which is
what we want to avoid.

When printing on bond paper or
other hard, uncoated surfaces it is bet¬
ter to make ready on the paper to
be- printed. When making a beveled
overlay use heavy ledger stock. The
edges are best beveled with sandpaper.

When printing very heavy halftone
forms on bond paper, it is not necessary
to slip-sheet the work if excessive
squeeze is used and the color carried
light. If the cylinder press is fitted with
a gas burner, it will not be necessary to
slip-sheet at all, when inks are not su¬
perposed on each other.

If it is desired to print on one side
of the sheet with no indentation show¬
ing on the reverse, it is only necessary
to pull an impression on the paper used,
cut the impression exactly to its edges
from the sheet and securely paste this
cut-out on the drawsheet in register
with an impression thereon. This cut¬
out on the drawsheet acts as a male die
does in embossing and effectually pre¬
vents the impression from showing on
the reverse of the sheet.

The Crocker-McElwain Company, Holyoke, Massachusetts, manufacturers of bond-
papers, recently issued a folder descriptive of the advantages of their product for half¬
tone printing. The above illustration is a reproduction of a panel from that folder.

THE INLAND PRINTER

363

BY FRANK L. MARTIN.

This department will foe devoted to the review and constructive criticism of printers’ advertising.

“For Business Reasons.”

“ Having an efficient plant and personnel in all matters
pertaining to the making of artwork, platework and print¬
ing, we propose to place at your disposal this service in
such a way as to make it possible for you to deal with us

matter in the way described in the foregoing statement.
Now, there is nothing particularly new in this manner of
arriving at the purchase price of printing, for printers of
the present day, with their cost-finding systems, have long-
been able to determine prices in this way. But there is

FtG. 1.

*>uiuiiniiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHiniiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiinnMMiiiiiminiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHmiiiiiiiiiiiiim'iiiiiiiMiimiii<iiii(iiiiiiuim(MiiniiiiiiMimiiiiiiiiiiiiiHiiH
= ■ =

HY not put the
purchase of your
printed matter on
efficiency basis ?

You would never for a moment
consider delegating the purchase
of raw or finished material in your
own line of business to anyone
but an expert. Many buyers de¬
viate from such accepted business
practice when buying printing.

Printing is only another name for
advertising and advertising is a big
part of all sales promotion plans

i n uuu n i ii i in

Fig. 2.

on cost plus profit basis, which will be much more satis¬
factory than methods of purchasing generally.”

The Frank D. Jacobs Company, of Philadelphia, in a
small folder called “ For Business Reasons ” (Fig. 1), uses
the argument that all purchases of printed material should
be placed on an efficiency basis, and offers to deal with
customers in the production of advertising and publicity

a new idea in pointing out to customers that they are able
to buy printing by this businesslike method, and if more
publicity were given to this detail of the printing business
there ought to be developed a better spirit of cooperation
between customers and printers and there would be less
jobbing of printing orders. It is a good point that the
Jacobs Company makes in calling the attention of the

364

THE INLAND PRINTER

buyers of printing to the fact that this is the only article,
probably, that they buy in an unorganized way.

“ Why not put the purchase of your printed-matter on
an efficiency basis? ” asks the Jacobs Company. “ You

fig. 3.

would never for a moment consider delegating the pur¬
chase of raw or finished material in your own line of busi¬
ness to any one but an expert. Many buyers deviate from
such accepted business practice when buying printing.”

This small folder of the Jacobs Company, it seems to
me, is a well-directed bit of publicity material. In gen¬
eral, it constitutes an appeal to consider printed-matter,
and to deal with printers, on a par with other business
concerns. Most printers, I believe, will admit that there
was a time when such was not possible, but with the high
standard that the printing business has reached and the
service that printers are able to give there is no reason
why it should not be done in the present day. Buying on
such a basis would necessarily eliminate price-cutting and
cheap products.

The message of the Jacobs Company is issued in the
form of a folding post-card, with four pages printed in
colors, stapled within (Fig. 2). There is a return card
for those who desire to learn more of the plan “ to place
printed-matter on an efficiency basis.”

Aiding Business.

In recent issues of The Inland Printer, the writer
has called attention to the service that printers are offer¬
ing their patrons and the publicity that they are giving
to this service. The situation as to the lack of salesmen
and men for other work, as well as general business con¬
ditions due to the war, has caused the Mortimer Company,
Limited, of Ottawa, Montreal and Toronto, to evolve a

plan of rendering service that is most ambitious and far-
reaching. It is excellent publicity for the Mortimer Com¬
pany and has exceptional advertising value, but, far better
yet, it is a plan backed up by the desire to afford real
service, and the company can scarcely help but realize
that aim.

The Mortimer Company has compiled twelve booklets,
each the work of an expert, to be distributed free to all
business executives in Canada, or elsewhere, if desired.
These monographs, written by business leaders whose ser¬
vices have been obtained expressly for the purpose by the
company, tell how to write letters that bring results; how

Fig. 4.

to build business-getting booklets; how to design cata¬
logues that originate orders; how to prepare and revise
mailing lists; how to plan direct-mail advertising cam¬
paigns and how to make newspaper and magazine advertis¬
ing pay. The first of these booklets, “ Giving Letters Life
and Decent Dress” (Fig. 3), has been issued, and if the
others to follow are as practical and well written as the
first of the series, the Mortimer Company may feel

THE INLAND PRINTER

365

assured that it will be well repaid by the service it has
performed for business men and advertisers.

The first of these educational bulletins, curiously
enough, is written by
Louis Victor Ey tinge, a
prisoner in the Arizona
State Penitentiary. It is
said of him by the Mor¬
timer Company that his
contributions on the sci¬
ence of business - letter
writing have been more
widely printed, because of
their real worth, in publi¬
cations of various kinds,
than those of any man ex¬
cept Hubbard. Using the
tramp letter, one of the
millions of worthless,
characterless missives that
go into the waste-baskets
yearly, as his theme, his
dissertation on the subject
is a remarkable one — not
because it is the work of
a prisoner behind bars,
but because of its simple,
direct way of stating the
truth about the average
business letter as it is
written today. It is re¬
markable also because of
the practical, matter-of-
fact ideas and suggestions
that Mr. Eytinge gives for
the writing of letters that
will serve the purpose for
which they are intended.

There may be a great many men who are capable of writ¬
ing good business letters, but the fact remains that the
larger proportion of them are not. The average business
man, then, who reads with care the Eytinge article, if it
is a business, publicity, sales or
collection letter that he has to
write, will undoubtedly glean a
good many ideas that will help him
in his task. He will learn, first of
all, of the necessity of building the
right sort of a letter, and if nothing
else, the main thing that is the
matter with the average business
epistle — the fact that the writer
generally becomes too self-conscious
and sends out a stiff, stilted, un¬
natural letter, whereas the simple,
direct, conversational style was
what he should have used. But
that is only a minor part of what
Eytinge tells in his message of aid
to business, through the Mortimer
Company.

The Mortimer Company is ad¬
vertising its series of business-aid
bulletins by a circular explaining
its aims and objects and offering
to send them free to all business
men, executives or heads of depart¬
ments who believe they would be

interested in having them. The company has abandoned
its solicitors and myriad mailings, and is using its sales
allowance for the publication of the booklets, which, it

says, are designed wholly
to aid business men. The
company expresses the
hope that the series, when
completed, will prove one
of the best volumes on
business that has ever
been published. There is
also a feeling on the part
of the company that it is
performing a patriotic
duty in aiding business
and, incidentally, in free¬
ing its solicitors to take
up arms.

The booklets will all
be of some standard size,
convenient for filing or
binding, if wanted for
reference purposes. They
are printed on good stock
and are attractive in ap¬
pearance. Illustrations
will be used.

As a forerunner to the
series, the company has
distributed quite a unique
booklet of ten pages with
the title, “ Put the Post¬
man on Your Payroll ”
(Fig. 4). It deals with
the problem of wholly sup¬
planting the work of so¬
licitors, now that the war
demands men, by the use
of direct advertising matter, including detailed suggestions
on the kind and character of advertising literature that
every sort of a business organization can use to advantage.
Here, indeed, is the solution of a very difficult problem.

“Stet.”

Stettiner Brothers, Inc., of New
York city, have joined the ranks of
those printers who believe that a
house-organ is worth while. Stet
is the name selected for the pub¬
licity medium, the first issue of
which is just off the press. Just
why this most-used word in the
printing world was chosen is easily
seen when you run across this in
the magazine:

“ Stet — Let it stand. Satisfac¬
tory — no reason for change ; also
abbreviation for Stettiner Brothers,
signifying: Stettiner service is sat¬
isfactory — Let it stand.”

Stet starts out on the right
track and if it maintains its pres¬
ent standard it should add to the
business of Stettiner Brothers.
There is an article telling how the
plant is equipped to solve the print¬
ing problems of buyers; another
giving some practical suggestions

Off with your hat as the flag goes by!

And let the heart have its say;

You’re man enough for a tear in your eye
That you will not wipe away.

Off with your hat as the flag goes by!

Uncover the youngster's head!

Teach him to hold it holy and high.

For the sake of its sacred dead.

Fig. 5.

MON-ROZE-MARK

PRINTING^—

M If

Fig. 6.

366

THE INLAND PRINTER

for those who write advertising copy; another on the
ordinary business man and his attitude toward the various
specimens of printed-matter that reach his desk; an¬
other on salesmen and sales, pointing out what a business
concern can do with the proper use of direct advertising;
and still another on the futility of trying to conduct busi¬
ness when you are angry, written by Dr. Frank Crane.
Other brief tales with morals deal with the use of adver¬
tising and the writing of advertising literature.

This new magazine, with its dozen or so pages, is small,
but the editor has succeeded in crowding into it a vast
amount of interesting and
valuable material. He
succeeds, also, in getting
you interested in printing
and advertising; and,
while you are thinking
about it, he does not let
you lose sight of the fact
that if you have printing
to be done you can get the
right sort of work from
Stettiner Brothers. It is
printed on enamel stock,
is 4 by 5% inches in size,
with cover, and is attrac¬
tively made up. The front
cover carries the Amer¬
ican flag (Fig. 5). The
•editor invites any one who
wants printing done to rip
off the back cover and
throw it into the mail-
basket. It is already
filled out and addressed,
and all the sender has to
do is to check the time
that he desires a Stettiner
salesman to call.

“ Mon-Roze-Mark.”

The word “clever”
best describes the booklet
that the Monroe Printing
Company, of Huntsville,

Alabama, issues to keep in touch with old customers and
prospective buyers of printing (Fig. 6). There is an orig¬
inality about every bit of writing in this diminutive
“ house-horn,” as the producer calls it, and, brief as it is,
each article tells some interesting fact or gives some use¬
ful suggestion about advertising and printing, especially
about Monroe’s service. For instance, there is a little
story in this month’s issue on how “ Rastus ” keeps the
Monroe plant clean. Despite the fact that tradition has
always had newspaper and printing plants in the class of
the unkempt, it wouldn’t occur to the average person to
call attention to the fact that his shop is kept clean. Yet
the Monroe booklet tells you about it, and when it has
finished it has you feeling that this is the only sort of a
plant that can produce printing of unusual quality with
promptness of delivery.

Only four small stories appear in the booklet, but there
is human interest in each, and that means that the Mon¬
roe advertising will be read. A small cartoon heads each
one, the work of the company’s art department. When
the Monroe Printing Company started business, everybody
in that territory thought “ printin’ wus printin’,” just so
much type, ink and paper were used in the making, and

the printer who bid the lowest on the job got it, says the
editor of the house-organ. But not so today. They know
that quality and not price is the big thing. We can read¬
ily see how the company has accomplished this if it has
produced as good advertising literature for its customers
as it does for itself.

“ Specialization.”

In these days of specialization the Logan Printing-
House, of Chicago, is one of the printing firms that is
following that trend manifested in other lines of business.

It is putting forth its ef¬
forts toward the produc¬
tion of business-getting
advertising and printed
literature for the manu¬
facturer of automobiles
and automobile accesso¬
ries. In a striking folder
of large size (Fig. 7), at¬
tractively printed in col¬
ors, it carries a convincing-
argument on this question
of ' specialization in pro¬
ducing printed-matter. It
is an appeal that doubt¬
less will have weight with
the automobile advertisers.
Here is the Logan Com¬
pany’s argument:

“ A packer sells to
meat markets.

“ A shoe manufacturer
sells shoes to shoe stores
and department stores.

“A paint manufac¬
turer sells to decorators,
hardware stores, depart¬
ment stores and druggists.

“ And the ordinary
printer sells to everybody.
We say the ordinary
printer because some
printers specialize. Some
specialize on railroad
printing. Some specialize on mail-order catalogue print¬
ing. Buyers of printing have found that it pays to deal
with the printer who specializes.”

There follows a statement of how the company has
concentrated on the matter of automobile advertising for
automobile manufacturers and how that concentration, or
specialization, will enable it to produce printing of more
value to the automobile advertiser than the product of a
printer who has no specialization in this particular line.

“ B. P. P. Imprint.”

In the Transvaal Colony, South Africa, there is being-
issued a printer’s house-organ that is not only pretentious
in size and pleasing in typographical make-up, but one
that rivals in quality and general effectiveness the public¬
ity mediums of any of the printing establishments of this
country. It is the work of 0. H. Frewin, of Middleburg,
letterpress and color printer, proprietor and publisher of
the Middleburg Observer and the Witbank News. The
B. P. P. Imprint, short for “ Bright, Prompt Printer
Imprint,” is admirably designed to spread the gospel of
good printing and worth-while advertising among the buy¬
ers of that country. It ought to bring immediate results.

Fig. 7.

THE IXLAXD PRIXTER

367

The first issue of the Imprint is devoted largely to the
advantages to be gained by the use of color printing. That
Mr. Frewin is able to produce colorwork of the first qual¬
ity the reader of the house-organ need have no doubt, for
on practically every page specimens of color printing
done in his own plant are reproduced. They are attrac¬
tive, well-printed specimens. The field for colorwork and
printing of a better quality than the ordinary has been
little developed in the South African territory, and Mr.
Frewin is starting a campaign in his house-organ with a
view of invading that field. It is a campaign of education
that he has begun, presenting not only samples of work
that he is prepared to do in color illustration, but, along
with it, valuable ideas and suggestions as to how adver¬
tising material so illustrated may be used to obtain the
greatest results — the largest return on the investment.

Mr. Frewin is a pioneer in the matter of good printing-
in South Africa. There, as in most other countries, the
users of printing have been slow to realize that there is a
distinction in printing products; that good printing, well
Illustrated, brings results where the cheap kind does not.
By setting and adhering to a standard in his own plant,
and now with the aid of his house-organ, a campaign for
the right kind of printing, the kind that pays the buyer,
will be carried on. The printing establishment at Middle-
burg also has been equipped to back up this campaign in
every detail. That is made manifest by the pretentious
character of the magazine and emphasized strongly in
various ways throughout the text.

The Imprint contains sixteen pages, 8% by 11 inches
in size, and is printed on enameled stock. Each issue will
show various styles of printing selected from the every¬
day output of the plant. In every issue the specimens will
vary so that they will prove valuable for reference. Edi¬
torially, Mr. Frewin says of the purposes of the magazine
he has just started:

“ In every issue some information will appear which
-our experience has taught us to believe is ‘ worth while.’

“We believe that the primary purpose of advertising
is to help sell goods, and that it is to our ultimate advan¬
tage to assist our clients in selling goods.

“ So, our service means placing at your disposal the
judgment of our experience to aid you in getting the best
and most economical results.”

The front cover carries a sample of “dupletone” process,
a suggestion to buyers of an effective cover illustration.
There is a three-color reproduction on the first page, and
on a succeeding page illustrations showing the gradual
development of this reproduction in the consecutive print¬
ings. There follow throughout the magazine full-page
samples of the kind of colorwork that Mr. Frewin’s plant
is prepared to provide for advertisers, all of them pieces
of actual work produced for large concerns in the terri¬
tory. One of these specimens consists of poster stamps
supplied to the Pretoria municipality. The idea of using-
poster stamps for showing South African views originated
with the Middleburg Observer office, and the city of Pre¬
toria was the first to buy a large quantity of the stamps
for advertising purposes.

The Imprint is filled with excellent hints and ideas on
the use of printing and advertising, some original views
and others taken from the writings of authorities of this
and other countries on the subject.

The back cover carries this significant inscription,
“ Some people need cranking. Others are self-starting.”
As a starter for the users of advertising material along
the highway of good printing, we feel sure that the house-
organ will serve as an effective crank.

Written for The Inland Printer.

INDIVIDUALITY IN MACHINE COMPOSITION.

BY JACK EDWARDS.

0 the careful and artistic operator of a
composing-machine, nearly every batch of
copy received to be set contains within
itself the possibility of individual treat¬
ment. And in many cases the suggested
treatment of any particular job, on the
part of the operator, when brought to the
attention of the one for whom the job is to
be done, meets not only with approval but enthusiasm
as well. Here, indeed, is food for thought.

Nearly every college-publication editor is anxious that
his “ sheet ” should possess a drawing personality. Natu¬
rally, he wishes to boost his college just as much as pos¬
sible, and so he wishes the publication over which he has
charge to stand out in its field, and to be attractive and
inviting. Finally, he wants his college publication to
express his personal idea of the best in college journalism.
All of which renders such an editor especially susceptible
to suggestions of a typographical nature on the part of
the composing-machine operator.

Individuality may be put into a college publication in
a number of ways typographically. One of the simplest
and most effective methods of doing this is by employing
the initial of the college in dash lines. In the case of
Harvard, for instance, instead of using an eight-em dash,
say, between headed articles, would it not be more indi¬
vidualistic to use an “ H ” with four-em dashes on either
side of it? And between the articles without headings
under a departmental heading, would not an “ H ” with
an em dash on either side of it be more distinctive than
merely three-em dashes?

But this idea of employing any certain initial in the
midst of a dash line need not be limited to college publi¬
cations, of course. The idea might be utilized in many
other publications with equally good results, especially in
booklets the chief reason for existence of which is to
advertise something.

Of course, the operator should not experiment with
artistic effects to the extent of materially decreasing the
output of his machine, for the chief object of the
composing-machine’s being is its capacity for speed. How¬
ever, it can not be successfully denied that the operator
has at least some little right to self-expression; and if
he can make a typographical suggestion for the better¬
ment of any certain job to the one for whom the job is
to be set, without involving additional expense and loss
of time for his company, he should be encouraged to do
so. Such a suggestion, if approved and followed out, will
work a threefold good. As has been stated, it will afford
the operator a chance for self-expression and so help to
keep him contented with his work. Moreover, it will
please the customer by instilling individuality into his job.
Furthermore, it will act to the decided advantage of the
firm doing the work, by showing the customer that it
is desirous of making his job better than necessary.

The workman should never attempt to plane down a
letter or point without first being sure that there is no
dirt or other obstruction on the bottom of the character.
Periods, commas and other small characters should never
be planed down when they appear to be higher than the
type-matter surrounding them. Better unlock the form
and push them down with the fingers, or place the tip of
a composing-rule on the shoulder of the type and push
down to place gently.

368

THE INLAND PRINTER

IDEAS IN THE FORM OF CATALOGUES AND
SCHOOL ANNUALS

A specimen group from a brochure entitled “ Some Advertising Literature That
Stimulated Actual Business,” forming one unit of a direct mail campaign conducted
by the Knoxville Lithographing Company, Knoxville, Tennessee. The brochure —
it is more than a booklet — is excellent in copy, format, design, and in every detail of
production; of such quality, indeed, as is bound to impress potential customers with
the ability of that organization to successfully handle all commissions entrusted to it.

THE INLAND PRINTER

369

BOOKBINDING

By John J. Pleger, Author of “ Bookbinding and Its Auxiliary Branches.”
Copyright, 1917, by John J. Pleger.

The purpose of this department is to make printers better acquainted with the foundation principles of good bookbinding. Inquiries of
general interest regarding bookbinding will be answered and subjoined to these articles. Specific information
can be arranged for by addressing Mr. Pleger, care of The Inland Printer Company.

No Need of Wrapping Faint-Line Ruling-Pens When
Only One Color of Ink Is Used.

A Texas ruler writes : “ I have worked at ruling for

about four years in several different shops, and find that
some rulers wrap their faint-line pens, while others sim¬
ply lay the faint-blue flannels on the pens. Which, to your
mind, is the most expeditious, and is there any special
advantage in wrapping faint-line pens when they are all
of one color?”

Answer. — Faint-line patterns need not be wrapped
except when there are different colors. The method in
vogue in up-to-date shops is to draw the ink brush through
the pens and lay four to six layers of flannel on the top,
covering about one-half of the pen. A zephyr is wrapped
on the first and last pen to insure the flannel remaining
on the pens. It is claimed by rulers who still wrap
faint-line pens that on long runs it is safer and assures
an even flow of ink. Ink should be applied to the flannels
at regular intervals to produce uniformity in ruling. It
is unsightly, to say the least, not to have uniformity of
color throughout the ream. Good ruling, as well as good
printing, is determined by the evenness of the ink on the
sheet throughout the whole job. It is obviously more expe¬
ditious to lay the flannel on all the pens than to wrap
each individual pen with zephyr.

Printing Titles on Law Books.

A Carolina binder writes: “I am working for a law¬
book publishing house which, until recently, has been bind¬
ing their books in law sheep with leather titles pasted on
the back. Owing to high cost of leather, we are now bind¬
ing the books in buckram with leather titles pasted on the
backs. Stamping the titles and pasting them on the backs
is an expensive operation, and we believe that some con¬
cerns print the titles in ink and stamp the lettering in
gold. We have often thought that this could be done,
but hesitate to venture because of our inexperience. We
will appreciate it if you can enlighten us on the subject.”

Answer. — Buckram is largely substituted for sheep on
law books by most of the law-book publishers because it
is considered a better-wearing material. The books are
being bound more cheaply in that a case book is substi¬
tuted for a hand-bound book. The cases are made and
left to dry before the stamping operation begins. Solid
brass or electrotype dies the exact size of the titles are
glued on the platen of the stamping machine, the machine
heated, the gages set and the cases fed into the machine,
where they are stamped under a firm pressure. After all
the blanking has been completed, tear down the bottom
title die, ink the machine with red ink after it has been
3-6

allowed to cool off and feed the cases into the machine a
second time. After all the cases have been printed in red
ink, glue the bottom title die exactly in the same position
so that the black ink impression will hit the blank impres¬
sion. Wash up the stamping machine, apply the black ink
and proceed with the stamping for the third impression.
Just as soon as the red ink is dry on the covers, wash up
the machine, apply the red ink and put the covers through
the machine for the fourth time, and the second red ink
impression. Repeat the operation for the black ink, mak¬
ing it the fifth time through the machine and the second
black ink impression. After the ink is thoroughly dry,
prepare a size of shellac, cut in grain alcohol to the con¬
sistency of milk, and apply it with a soft sponge or a
camel’s-hair brush. Some stampers prefer to use white
shellac boiled in water and borax, which, after it is dis¬
solved and cooled off, they reduce to the consistency of
milk and apply in the regular way. The shellac is some¬
times called bleached or French white, and can be obtained
in drug stores. Lay on the gold leaf or oriental tissue
in the regular way, glue the lettering dies to the platen,
heat the machine and feed the covers into the machine
for the sixth time. After these operations have been com¬
pleted, wipe off the surplus gold or oriental tissue, and
the covers are ready for the caser-in. The ink for print¬
ing covers can be purchased from reputable bookbinders’
supply houses or printing-ink houses. Pasted titles become
unsightly in time because they peel. Printed titles can not
peel, and where bands are provided to protect the titles
they will outlast leather titles.

Roach-Proof Binding.

A New York binder writes: “ Law books are our spe¬
cialty and we have been binding them in law buckram
instead of law sheep, which we think is a better-wearing
material, but it has its drawbacks in that the cockroaches
seem to attack it, whereas the sheep is immune from the
attacks of these bugs. We export a great number of our
books into tropical countries and the majority of our com¬
plaints seem to come from there. We understand that
there is a maroon buckram for which immunity from our
present trouble is claimed by the manufacturer. Can you
suggest a remedy in the shape of a varnish which might
be applied to the covering material, or would we be safe
in changing our styles of binding to the maroon color? ”

Answer. — The principal enemies of buckram and book
cloths are cockroaches. In the tropics these pests are as
large as a small canary bird and frequently fly about the
room. The Government Printing Office, in consequence of
the experiments conducted by the Bureau of Standards,

370

THE INLAND PRINTER

concluded that certain buckrams were immune from attack
by croton bugs, to which the then Public Printer, Mr. Don¬
nelly, gave the following endorsement: “ One of the
strongest guarantees which accompanies this material is
that it is positively bug-proof, which is an important fac¬
tor in material for use in this country, and undoubtedly
would be superior for use in the Philippine Islands.” This,
no doubt, is the same material for which the manufacturer
claims immunity from attacks.

The closing section of the forty-six-page pamphlet,
issued by the Congressional Printing Committee to jus¬
tify its action regarding the change of binding material,
follows: “After full discussion of the reports of the

Bureau of Standards and the Librarian of Congress, and
examination of the samples of book cloths submitted, the
sample marked ‘ 666 ’ (maroon) was unanimously se¬
lected.” It would appear that the director of the Bureau
of Standards and the assistant physicist, by reason of the
unanimous selection of “ 666 ” buckram as a substitute
for sheep, stamped that material as immune from attacks
of insects and croton bugs.

These covering materials, which are said to be immune
in the United States, were found to be appetizing to the
cockroach of the Philippines. It was thought that the
glair, or size, which is used by stampers to affix the gold
leaf, attracted these bugs to the cloth or buckram covers,
but this theory proved erroneous, as these materials were
readily attacked when there was no application of glair
or sizing. It was then thought that the glue and paste
used in making the cover were responsible, but this like¬
wise proved erroneous; and the conclusion was reached
that the bugs found the coloring substance nutritious.

During the years 1910, 1911 and 1912, thousands of
bound volumes were sent over the world by the Philippine
Government, in which coupons were inserted requesting
information as to whether or not the covers were attacked
by insects or croton bugs. On these books a varnish was
used which was said to have been recommended by a
commission appointed by the British Government, com¬
posed of 2 ounces dammar resin, 2 ounces mastic, 1 ounce
Canada balsam, % ounce creosote, 20 liquid ounces spirits
of wine, and another prepared from a formula of the
Bureau of Science of the Philippine Islands, containing
400 grains bleached shellac, 160 grains white resin, 8
grains bichlorid of mercury, salicylic acid or tymol, and
8,000 grains c. c. alcohol (96 per cent or stronger). The
Governor-General of Mozambique, Portuguese East Africa,
made the statement regarding books varnished with the
second preparation that “ cockroaches, which abound in
that country, gnawed the greater part of the binding in
ten days.” This varnish was issued with the caution, “ Do
not get on the hands during use or it is apt to cause erup¬
tions.” Any preparation which is strong enough to cause
eruptions and to kill the bugs which it has not prevented
from attacking the material, but punishes them after the
damage has been done, is dangerous to use on books, as
it can easily be transmitted to the eyes, and as it was found
that varnish does not give immunity, none should be used.

The writer, while at the Government Printing Bureau
at Manila, Philippine Islands, in his endeavor to find a
substitute for cloth which would be free from attack, was
reasonably successful, and he discovered that certain col¬
ors of Fabrokoid, Pluviusin, Texoderm and Ganette were
immune; these materials are said to be water and stain
proof, which enhances their value as a covering material
and should be interesting to all lending libraries, from a
sanitary standpoint of spreading disease.

The covers can be washed with an antiseptic after each
return to the library. If books spread diseases, then it
would seem that some such material is desirable to mini¬
mize the danger that befalls the diligent student and
patronizer of the libraries. Owing to the limited number
of colors on hand, a positive statement regarding all col¬
ors could not be made. Each experiment was made with
from sixty to one hundred and seventy-five cockroaches
in a screened pan with only water for sustenance, and one
color of material at a time. If a number of colors had
been put in the pan it would not have been accurate, be¬
cause they might get started on one color and not bother
the others, whereas if the untouched colors were to be
put in alone they, too, might be attacked. The material
was prepared in the regular way required by the stamper
to affix the gold or metal leaf, and later washed off, as
the glair or sizing used to affix the gold or metal leaf is
attractive to the bugs. This was discovered early in the
experiments, and it was thought best to remove all temp¬
tations in order to ascertain if the material as furnished
was immune from attack. The roaches perished in about
ten days without attacking the material. The results of
such experiments should be of great value, as analysis
of the colors found to be immune will probably suggest
the method of making fabrics which are free from attack,
for no book cloth or buckram should be used as a covering
material for tropical countries unless it is safe from de¬
struction by croton bugs.

Three-Knife Book-Trimmer.

This machine is designed to trim pamphlets and books
from five inches to twenty-four inches in length, and from
two and one-half to twelve inches in width. Changes from
the smallest to the largest size can be quickly made, hence
it is a profitable machine for small runs. A compensating
automatic clamp provides for extra thickness at the back
or folded sections of the book, which does not release until
both ends and fore-edge have been trimmed. The pressure
of the clamp may be regulated as desired. A foot treadle
is provided to hold unsteady piles in position until the
automatic clamp takes hold.

There are three knives, one for the fore-edge and two
for the head and tail ends. The knife for the fore-edge
makes the first trim, and the two end knives make their
trim when this has returned to its highest point. The two
end knives are parallel and cut from the fold toward the
fore-edge of the books simultaneously. These knives are
adjustable to any size within the scope of the machine.
One operator on this machine can trim as many books as
two operators on two duplex machines.

Thumb-Index Cutter for Reference Books.

The thumb-index cutter is designed to cut out a mar¬
ginal thumb index as a guide for quick reference. This
style of index finds favor in dictionaries and directories.

This cutter is operated with compressed air and re¬
quires fifteen pounds to the square inch. It is inserted in
the place previously designated by a brass marker, the
point slipped into place, the thumb pressed on the starter
and the cutter cuts away a half circle. Leather or cloth
semicircular pieces, % inch larger than the cut-out, which
have been lettered to conform to the requirements, are
pasted on the leaf.

Any other method is laborious and should only be em¬
ployed in job-shops which do not have enough of this class
of work to warrant the purchase of the cutter. Such shops
may execute the operation with a gage and hammer, and
afterward color the edges with a small ink brush.

THE INLAND PRINTER

371

Written for The Inland Printer.

ACTIVITIES OF THE GOVERNMENT IN BEHALF OF
BETTER PAPER SUPPLY.

BY WALDON FAWCETT.

OR the printing industry in all its branches,
no current activity of the United States
Government has greater significance than
the determined effort to bring about bet¬
ter conditions in the paper market and to
influence the quotation of more equitable
prices for the printers’ most important raw
material. That the investigative and cor¬
rective undertakings of the Government in this direction
— Uncle Sam is proceeding simultaneously along several
different routes to his goal — have not as yet been fully
coordinated, does not lessen their practical value to the
trade. It may delay, but can scarcely prevent, the dis¬
covery of relief or remedies for some of the annoyances
that have long confronted consumers of paper, and that
have been present in the case of all grades, from the
cheapest news-print to the finest book.

There is a popular impression, even in printing-trade
circles, that Uncle Sam’s solicitude regarding conditions
in the paper market dates only from the outbreak of the
present world war, and, more especially, from the price
inflation which, in the case of most grades of paper, be¬
came conspicuous from the year 1916. This intimation
of the recent origin of the Government’s anxiety with
respect to paper supply is not entirely correct. To be
sure, the supposedly suspicious circumstances in connection
with price advances, which caused Congress to set the
Federal Trade Commission and the United States Depart¬
ment of Justice on the trail of various manufacturers,
have been a development of the war period, but, long
before war was thought of, the Government was busying
itself with various aspects of the paper problem.

To cite concrete instances, it may be mentioned that for
years past the United States Forest Service, which con¬
trols the Government’s timber lands, has been carrying on
a quest for new pulp-woods — even as it is now doing in
Alaska — and has conducted experiments with all manner
of vegetable substances as substitutes for wood-pulp in
paper manufacture. Keeping pace with this constructive
effort, the United States Bureau of Standards, Uncle Sam’s
great research laboratory and testing station, has been try¬
ing out all manner of innovations in paper manufacture,
operating a full-fledged paper-mill especially for the pur¬
pose. Even the proposal that Uncle Sam build and operate
a large paper-mill as his own source of supply for the Gov¬
ernment Printing Office had been discussed tentatively
long before war needs spurred congressmen to ponder the
proposition to spend a million dollars for this purpose.

Nor was it merely the shock of drastic price advances
in the paper market that made the paper situation a thor¬
oughly live issue with Congress and the Government since
the outbreak of the war. With increased costs of produc¬
tion due to commodity prices, labor conditions, the coal
dilemma and the transportation situation, it was logical
that there should be some marking up of quotations for
paper. When, however, the inflation passed the bounds of
plausibility and Uncle Sam’s attention was directed to it
through a boost of more than a million dollars in his own
paper bill, it was inevitable that agitation for remedial
measures should ensue. Even at that, however, the price
equation, in its elementary sense, was but one factor.

Looking in another direction, the powers that be saw
that paper must be taken into account in planning freight

embargoes or “ preference orders ” for car movements.
The public must be enabled to read in its newspapers and
periodicals of the need for a big army; the man on the
street must be “ sold ” on the Liberty Loan by means of
posters; window-cards are needed for the Food Adminis¬
tration ; and printed-matter circulating freely is the very
life-blood of the Red Cross. Inasmuch as few printers
and publishers were found to have considerable stocks of
paper in storage, the carrying of such reserves not being
the custom of the industry, there was nothing for the men
at the helm to do but regard paper as a “ military neces¬
sity ” in planning transportation. Meanwhile, the increased
cost of paper, resting as a burden on the entire printing-
industry, was complicating tremendously the proposition
in Congress to raise war revenue by means of an increase
in the second-class postage rates, and the export demand
for American paper, especially from South America and
Australia, has done its bit to tax the new machinery of
export licensing and add to the worries of the men who
must apportion the inadequate supply of ocean tonnage.

The upshot of the matter is that Uncle Sam may be
expected to henceforth keep a much closer watch on paper-
trade conditions than has been his custom in the past.
Such observation can not be accounted a war expedient,
even though it has attained its intensified status in war
time. It is possible that if Congress at the regular ses¬
sion beginning in December decides to adopt the plan pro¬
posed in the Senate by Senator Smith, of Arizona, whereby
the Federal Trade Commission would be empowered to
supervise, control and regulate the production, distribution
and pricing of paper of all kinds, this heroic treatment
would be designed as a remedy for use only during ;he
period of the war; but, war or no war, Uncle Sam can
be counted on to give closer attention from this time for¬
ward to the commercial and merchandising phases of the
paper trade as well as to the scientific and industrial
phases which have already been under scrutiny.

For the practical, every-day printer whose responsibil¬
ity is divided between buying the raw material and selling
the finished product, probably the most important move
by the Government in behalf of a better understanding of
the paper situation is found in the study conducted by
federal experts this past year or two into costs of pro¬
duction in the papermaking industry. Uncle Sam’s scien¬
tific work is all very well, and often it is transferred
into the practical much more quickly than one would
expect — for instance, take the trial to be made at a
southern paper-mill, this winter, of the new process of
making kraft paper lately perfected by government ex¬
perts - — ■ but it is doubtful if it comes so close to home with
the rank and file of paper consumers as disclosures such
as have lately resulted from the study of costs of paper¬
making. The shrewdest purchasing agents in the country
declare that they can not hope to drive a close bargain
unless they know something of the cost of producing the
article they are buying. By this same sign it is no harm
for the printer-publisher to be as wise as possible to the
overhead and investment of the papermaker and the oper¬
ating expenses of the paper broker.

Because this sort of knowledge should be power in con¬
tracting for paper, the average printer could not more
profitably spend a few evenings than in the perusal of
two recently issued United States Senate documents, relat¬
ing respectively to the news-print paper industry and the
book-paper industry. Here he will find detailed tables of
statistics covering cost of production in the various paper-
mills of the United States and Canada. The figures are
not the guesses or, to put it more politely, the estimates

372

THE INLAND PRINTER

of experts, however qualified, but encompass “ brass tacks ”
information derived directly from the books of the paper
producers. Furthermore, the data is accompanied by in¬
formation regarding the methods of handling costs. Fully
as illuminating to the printer as the factory costs will be
the disclosures of the margins obtained during the past
few years by the jobbers, through whom a large propor¬
tion of the domestic output of book-paper is sold.

Even should Congress at no stage be persuaded that it
is desirable to establish federal control of prices for paper,
even as the prices of fuel and foodstuffs are controlled
through the licensing of producers and distributors, there
remains the fact that one of the latest activities of the

Government aims at this same achievement via a different
route. The Clayton Act and the Federal Trade Commis¬
sion Act will be invoked for that purpose. To that end
we observe the action of the Federal Trade Commission
in filing a formal “ Complaint,” wherein a charge of con¬
spiracy to enhance prices and insure uniformity of prices
is laid at the door of the “ Bureau of Statistics ” of the
book-paper manufacturers and against twenty-three indi¬
vidual manufacturers of book-paper.

Presumably, if the mandate of the Federal Trade Com¬
mission is heeded there should be livelier competition in
the book-paper market, inasmuch as the manufacturers
whose competitive methods are thus impugned produce the
major portion of the $70,000,000 worth of book-paper
produced annually in the United States. The Trade Com¬
missioners object to paper manufacturers communicating
with one another by telephone, by correspondence, or by
personal meetings for the purpose of securing uniformity
or enhancement of prices. Seemingly, it is the suspicion
at Washington that such “ gentlemen’s agreements ” have
been responsible for the advances in prices, which amounted
last year to eighty-four per cent in the case of machine-
finish, sixty-six per cent in the case of supercalendered,
and sixty-five per cent in the case of coated book.

Whether or not Uncle Sam is justified in waving the
big stick over the heads of the paper manufacturers, and

whatever degree of success may attend this particular
form of compulsion, the Government is evidently deter¬
mined that henceforth the cards must be on the table
when it comes to barter and trade in print-paper. There
is no question that the feverish conditions that have char¬
acterized the American news-print and book-paper mar¬
kets during the past two years have been due, to greater
or less extent, to alarm on the part of users of paper be¬
cause of a supposedly threatened shortage of supply. As
has been stated, storage of paper in quantity by printers
and publishers has been, in this country, exceptional
rather than usual practice. In consequence, the majority
of printing-plants have been operated, if not on a hand-

to-mouth basis, at least on a comparatively narrow
margin of reserve stock.

Such conditions with respect to raw material in an
industry provide the proper stage settings for a panic
when gossip or rumor or authenticated report sounds
warning of a possible or impending shortage. Evidently,
government officials are skeptical that the alarms which
have, at intervals since the beginning of the war, stam¬
peded a certain proportion of American paper buyers
were unwarranted or exaggerated. In any event, they
plan to forestall, in the future, a contingency where lack
of knowledge with respect to stocks of paper in this mar¬
ket will allow printers and publishers to rush into the
market and bid against one another when there is no
justification for their costly haste to cover requirements.

To this end there was introduced, during the late
autumn of 1917, the plan whereby paper manufacturers,
dealers and brokers are required, under heavy penalty,
to file regularly with the Federal Trade Commission in
Washington weekly and monthly reports showing produc¬
tion, consumption, shipments and stocks on hand with
respect to all grades of paper. It is obvious that with fre¬
quently revised information thus on file as to paper pro¬
duction and distribution, Uncle Sam will at all times have
inside knowledge of conditions in all sections of the paper
market, and it will be impossible to force prices or stimu-

Uncle Sam's Experimental Paper-Mill for the Manufacture of Specimen Papers for Tests, Etc.

THE INLAND PRINTER

373

late buying on the strength of intimations of an impending
shortage of supply.

The time may come when, in order to more fully famil¬
iarize itself with the paper situation, the Federal Trade
Commission will similarly request statements as to con¬
sumption, stocks on hand, etc., from commercial printers.
Already, notice has been served upon newspaper publish¬
ers that they must make monthly reports with respect to
news-print bought or contracted for. It is the feeling in
governmental circles that if Uncle Sam is to accomplish
anything in “ stabilizing ” the paper market, it is almost
as important to have complete knowledge of the paper in
storage in print-shops as to have at hand dependable in¬
formation as to the stock held in reserve at the paper -
mills and in the warerooms of brokers, jobbers and dealers.

Anticipation in printing-trade circles that the Govern¬
ment may ere long take into its own hands the fixing of
the prices of the various grades of paper to ultimate con¬
sumers, is doubtless due in considerable measure to the
circumstances attending the recent placing of an order
for print-paper for the publication of the Official Bulletin,
Uncle Sam’s only daily newspaper, which has been pub¬
lished since this country entered the war, and which has
a circulation of about 80,000. In ordering paper for this
publication the Government virtually fixed its own price,
in the face of the protests of the International Paper
Company to the effect that the price is too low. Inasmuch
as President Wilson has declared it to be the policy of
the Government to obtain for the private consumer the
same concessions from “ war prices ” that the Govern¬
ment may demand for itself, hope has been raised that
regulation of price on deliveries of paper to the Govern¬
ment will be followed by similar repression with respect
to prices quoted to private consumers.

P. T. Dodge, president of the International Paper Com¬
pany, has protested that the price of 2% cents per pound
which the Government, upon recommendation of the Fed¬
eral Trade Commission, agreed to pay for 400,000 pounds
of news-print paper, ordered under the authority con¬
ferred by the new National Defense Act, is below the
actual cost of production at this time. However, the Trade
Commission insists that the price named gives the Inter¬
national an average margin of $5 per ton, or ten per cent.

Uncle Sam, in his role of paper consumer, is not only
a heavier purchaser of news-print than any metropolitan
newspaper, but he is also in the same boat as the com¬
mercial printers of the country with respect to book-paper.
During the year which will end July 1, 1918, the Govern¬
ment will use nearly 27,000,000 pounds of paper, consid¬
erably more than one-half of which will be book-paper.
Some 13,000,000 pounds of machine-finish will be used in
printing the Congressional Record and the documents and
reports of Congress. Other items will include 2,000,000
pounds of supercalendered paper, 1,000,000 pounds of
coated paper and 300,000 pounds of cover-paper. No won¬
der the Government is directly concerned over the pur¬
chase price of almost every grade and variety of paper.
The Joint Committee on Printing, of the United States
Congress, claims that as a result of action by Congress
in ordering the Federal Trade Commission to investigate
the paper industry, the price of machine-finish is today
less than half what it was just prior to this “ serving
of notice,” and further prophesies that if the Federal
Trade Commission can sustain its complaint of unfair
competition there is good reason to expect the price of
machine-finish paper to further decline to near what this
body pronounces the “ normal range,” namely, between 3
and 4 cents a pound.

While, for the time being, the moves of the Govern¬
ment with respect to the ascertainment of fair and rational
prices for paper of various grades seem to be overshad¬
owing all other activities in this sphere, it would be a
grave mistake to underestimate the value and importance
to the printing trades of certain other efforts — activities

Digestor in which new papermaking substances are “ cooked ” at the
United States Government experimental plant by experts who are seek¬
ing new sources of supply. Photograph copyrighted by Waldon Fawcett.

that may be regarded by some persons as academic in
character, but which will, one day, have a thoroughly
practical sequel. Prominent in this category is the work
that is being done by the government experts in formulat¬
ing standard specifications for paper.

The National Bureau of Standards has been busy,
appropriately, of late with the problems connected with
the utilization of waste paper for the remanufacture of
paper. The processes now in use for the recovery of waste
paper are very wasteful. If improvement is possible, the
printer should benefit “ coming and going ” — that is, in a
higher price for his waste paper and a lower price for
his new stock. Another direction where this institution is
striving to remedy the unsatisfactory, is in the quarter
of paper-testing devices. The apparatus heretofore in use
has been inaccurate, and the Bureau seeks to provide
means for securing more accurate data relative to the qual¬
ity of any paper that it may be desired to subject to test.

Two branches of the Government, namely, the Bureau
of Standards and the Department of Agriculture, are
cooperating to secure better results from the use of casein
in the manufacture of coated paper. Heretofore, the best
caseins have been imported, the domestic caseins being
accounted lacking in color, uniformity of product and cer¬
tain other qualifications. The first aim of the current
undertaking is to develop better methods for the produc¬
tion of skim-milk and buttermilk caseins. While the
dairy experts are wrestling with this problem, other scien¬
tists are striving to improve the processes whereby the
casein is employed as an adhesive to bind a thin film of
clay to the surface of each sheet of paper.

* - - - - —

1 - * —

JUST PLAIN FACTS

[

*«•

— * -

The war will not “be over by
spring.”

By that time releases on the
Russian front may enable the Ger¬
mans to increase their forces on the
western front by a million men.

For us the war has but begun.

Begun in grim and deadly earnest.

Just now . . . three thousand
miles of sea and the British fleet
keep the contest in Europe.

But our boys are there.

By spring there may be a million
of them and soon another million.

And behind them two million
reserves.

And back of them two or three
millions in training.

Vast numbers of these boys will
lay down their lives that “Govern¬
ment of the People, by the People,
for the People shall not perish from
the earth.”

The most that we can offer is so
very little compared with what they
offer.

They are wide awake and alert.

We must be wide awake and alert.

We must work harder and create
more of everything that is essential,
either of itself or to facilitate our
progress in the war.

We must take the Liberty Loans
as fast as they come and take them
with thankful spirit.

We must contribute to the Red
Cross and Y. M. C. A.

We must pay the war taxes gladly.

We must eliminate waste of food
products.

We must, as far as possible, con¬
fine our consumption of food prod¬
ucts to the kind not required for
our army and our allies’ armies.

We must eliminate all unnecessary
products made of materials required
for war purposes.

W e must do these things as individ¬
uals, if we are to win the war.

Germany is not broken.

She will not be starved into sub¬
mission.

She will not dethrone the Kaiser.

Germany has been a nation regi¬
mented for thirty years.

Her entire resources and activities
are devoted to the maintenance of
her army.

Her power is vast.

To break it is a stupendous task.

France has contended gloriously
for three years and is practically at
her maximum strength.

Great Britain has confined the
enemy to the land for three years and
made valorous combat there.

She is nearing the fullness of her
power.

Russia’s mighty strength of three
years is falling to decay.

Italy’s splendid power has been
weakened.

The United States’ entry into the
war is more than a grim adventure.

It enters a life and death struggle
between two philosophies of govern¬
ment.

The institutions under which we
live and move and have our being
are at stake.

These are facts stated in simple
words.

They are the most important facts
with which we have ever been con¬
fronted.

Wishes, hopes and dreams will not
avail.

Salvation of the institutions we
cherish depends upon acts — the acts
of individuals as much as the acts of
government.

We must be awake and alert.

We must lend no ear to those who
would betray our country by stay¬
ing the progress of the war.

W e can only win by the will to win
— and the will to win means the will
of every individual whose heart is
true to his country.

Reprinted by permission from
Office Appliances.

!"_ - MHI —

THE INLAND PRINTER

375

Wx-itten for The Inland Printer.

THE BUSINESS SUCCESS OF WILLIAM F. FELL
COMPANY.

BY ROBERT F. SALADE.

INCE the beginning of its organization, back
in 1876, the William F. Fell Company, of
Philadelphia, has believed in the Ideal of
Service as a business principle for its guid¬
ance in daily practice. Right at the start,
this firm determined to give all patrons
service — Complete Service — of the highest
character, and that is the main reason why
the William F. Fell Company occupies a first-line position
among the most successful printers of the country to-day.

It is an interesting fact that this business was born
during the year in which the great Centennial Exposition
opened. The first equipment was installed in a small room
at 731 Sansom street, and the first book published was
entitled “ Sketch of the Orange Free State of South
Africa.” The notes of William F. Fell concerning this
volume will prove how modest the mechanical equipment
was at that period :

“ This book was commenced on Wednesday and com¬
pleted on Saturday- — - 2,000 copies, twenty-eight pages, with
a cover printed in four colors. We had only enough type
for the composition of four pages. This was distributed
and set up again as each form was done. The presswork
was performed by William F. Fell, treadled on a quarter-
medium Gordon. The composition was done by Frank J.
Fell.”

Startling, indeed, is the comparison. Today, the William
F. Fell Company thinks little of keeping more than fifteen
thousand pages of live book-matter standing, and it is a
common occurrence to see twelve large Miehle presses hus¬
tling away on long runs of the finest half-tone and process
color-printing. In addition, a battery of platen and auto¬
matic presses are constantly active on every variety of art
and commercial work, while six monotype machines are
turning out galley after galley of type-composition.

The new Fell establishment takes up an entire floor of
the Gilbert building, Juniper and Cherry streets, and is
deserving of honorable mention among the best printing-
plants. The Fell business offices and workshops are fur¬
nished throughout with steel equipment. Each piece of
steel furniture was especially designed for the particular
requirements of this progressive concern by their own em¬
ployees and by the Keystone Type Foundry, Philadelphia,
working in close cooperation.

Upon entering the spacious reception-room, the visitor
can see the handsome business offices equipped with steel
desks and other furniture finished in a pleasing shade of
olive-green enamel. The chairs, tables, desks, bookcases
and cabinets in the president’s private office, and the fur¬
niture in the consultation-room and library, are finished in
oak. All partitions are of oak, finished in Scotch gray. The
rugs and pictures selected are in good taste.

In connection with these attractive business offices, the
reception-hall and consultation-room are unusual features.
The caller is first greeted in the reception-hall, which is
comfortably furnished with chairs, umbrella rack, etc.
Then, if the visitor desires to talk about printing orders,
he is escorted to the consultation-room. Here are comfort¬
able chairs, large library table, and index cabinets filled
with specimens of Fell printing. Under these arrange¬
ments it is possible to conduct saleswork to great advantage.

J. Howard Fell, secretary and treasurer of the company,
has devoted deep thought and plans to the equipment of

this consultation department. The idea was to give cus¬
tomers personal service in the preparation of printed mat¬
ter, and to say that all patrons are served perfectly here
is merely to state a well-known fact.

The library is of extraordinary interest to the person
seeking fine examples of book and catalogue printing. In
the bookcases of this library hundreds of great medical
publications, standard volumes by renowned writers, de
luxe catalogues, books containing hundreds of beautifully
colored prints, technical and educational books, encyclo¬
pedias and works of art, may be found. All of these were
produced completely in the Fell workshops.

In charge of the service bureau of this firm is W. Arthur
Cole, a young business man who has worked strenuously
in extending the Fell Service idea among the many patrons
of this house. Under Mr. Cole’s direction this Service
Department does everything that a big advertising agency
will do for a customer with the exception of placing adver¬
tising in media. Original copy is prepared, commercial
artwork, designing, illustration, photography, etc., are
ordered for the buyer of printing. In addition, the typo¬
graphical style, quality of paper stock, color-schemes, and
so forth, are selected for the customer when desired. More¬
over, the service bureau is capable of suggesting advertis¬
ing campaigns for the larger buyers of printed-matter.

It should be understood by the reader that all artwork,
copy-writing, etc., is not produced wholly in the Fell service
department. The company is in close touch with efficient
outside agencies which attend to a great deal of the special
work referred to in the same manner as though these agen¬
cies were actual parts of the Fell organization. In reality,
this is the best type of service for the buyer of printing,
as he benefits by the “ composite man ” plan of creation and
production. Of course, there are men on the service staff
who design considerable work right in the office, but when
there is an unusually large proposition to handle, the copy,
artwork and engravings are prepared by the men best fitted
to do the particular work in hand.

For many years the “ black ” presswork of the William
F. Fell Company has been recognized as among the best
presswork of American printers. During recent years,
however, this concern has been turning out rich color¬
printing of all varieties. It is a real pleasure for the lover
of fine printing to enjoy an hour in the big Fell pressroom,
where a dozen large cylinder presses can be seen operating
on color-plates of the closest register. All work must be
as perfect as possible, else a sheet will never receive the
“ O. K.” mark.

Occupying more than eighteen thousand square feet of
floor space, and with plenty of “ daylight openings ” —
about eighty per cent of wall space — on four sides of the
building, the new Fell plant is one of the most efficient that
can be imagined. It is one of the modern “ everything-on-
one-floor ” plants. No running up and down stairs from
one department to another. No hauling of stock from one
floor to another. The various departments are so closely
allied that there is always excellent “ teamwork ” among
the more than one hundred skilled employees, and there is
“ constant production,” with no “ side-tracking ” of impor¬
tant operations to cause trouble later.

The monotype battery of six casting machines is in¬
closed as one unit in a glass-and-wood-partitioned room.
This plan to a great extent prevents the noise of the cast¬
ers from distracting the minds of workers in other depart¬
ments. Near to the casting-room the battery of keyboards
is located. Not far away is the make-up and hand-
composing section. The platen press, cylinder press and
bindery departments follow in consecutive order.

376

THE INLAND PRINTER

Each piece of machinery is equipped with an individual
motor. The smaller machines, such as wire-stitchers, etc.,
are of the omnibus type, so that they may be easily moved
to any part of the floor. Automatic controlling apparatus
governs all electrically driven machinery. The operator
of a press has complete control of his machine by the use
of but two buttons.

All-steel work tables, flat stock tables, bindery tables,
drying racks, waste-paper balers, bins for cutting-machine
trims, metal containers, as well as the special make-ready
tables for the press department, are equipped with wheels
so that they may be transferred from one place to another
at a moment’s notice. This plan makes it possible to gain
many hours of time during the course of a year, as the
stock, waste, metal, racks, tables, etc., can be placed in the
most advantageous positions, with no unnecessary walking
on the part of the employees.

In addition to having the newest style make-ready and
stock tables, the pressroom is equipped with special steel
cabinets for the storage of rollers, oils, benzine, rags, tools,
etc., tympan-paper holders, electrically lighted register
table and drying racks. Between each two cylinder presses
is an all-metal “ spotting-up ” table with adjustable seats
on each side. When the tables are not in service these seats
may be pushed out of the way underneath. Large drawers
under the tops of the tables contain tissue paper, paste
and other materials for use in making ready.

All engravings and other printing-plates belonging to
the Fell company are stored in horizontal steel files which
have an index system so that any desired plate can be
located without delay. These steel cabinets are also a pro¬
tection against loss or damage of plates, and there is no
need of wrappings.

All type sorts are kept in steel cabinets which have
removable metal bins. The front of each drawer is labeled.
In like manner, all standing pages of type-matter are set
on page galleys and are then stored away in special steel
galley racks of unusually large capacity. With a galley
for each page, there is no loss of time shifting matter from
boards to galleys, and there is little possibility of pied
pages, type working off its feet, or other difficulties of this
character.

The bindery is equipped with every machine and acces¬
sory which is necessary for finishing the product. In addi¬
tion to the ordinary mechanical devices to be found in the
average bindery, there is also a large power paper-drill
for making holes in margins of thick books, etc.

The high quality of craftsmanship of the William F.
Fell Company is due, to a very large extent, to the loyalty of
its employees and the average term of their employment.
For instance, Frank J. Fell, superintendent of the job-
composition department, and Allison Brooks, superinten¬
dent of the bookroom and of machine composition, have
been in continuous service of the company for forty-one
years. John Harbison, superintendent of presswork, has
been in service twenty-nine years, and 0. A. B. Fischer,
of the office force, ten years.

Each male employee of the Fell company is allotted a
steel locker for his clothing and other personal belongings.
For the female workers, there is an adequate dressing-room,
with facilities for rest and the essentials for the prepara¬
tion of hot luncheons. The William F. Fell Company Bene¬
ficial Association was recently formed for the benefit of
all employees, and a majority of the workers have already
become members of this society, which will aid the sick.
It speaks well for the good health of the Fell workers when
it is mentioned that during the first year of the Beneficial
Association not one of its members was on the sick list.

Today the Fell composing department can produce more
than 168,000 ems of type-matter during each work-day,
while the cylinder presses are turning out more than
150,000 impressions a day. How is that for growing rap¬
idly? What is the main reason for this really remarkable
success? Ask William F. Fell, or his son, J. Howard Fell,
and the answer will be: “ By having a high ideal and by
persistently and aggressively attempting to apply this ideal
in daily practice. And our business policy is symbolized
by the Fell mark, which means (1) Right Belief, (2) Right
Knowledge, (3) Right Conduct. It guarantees honest ful¬
filment of printing specifications and assures absolute sat¬
isfaction to the buyer.”

THE BOYS ON THE FIRIN’ LINE.

BY R. E. HAYNES.

Did you ever go into a print-shop,

Where the walls were all dingy and gray,

And listen a while to the workmen ?

By and by you'll hear one of them say :

“ I'm sick of this dump ! Sure, its rotten ;

The boss is a measly old skin ;

We're workin’ like h - for a livin’.

While he’s makin’ bushels o’ tin.”

He’ll knock the whole bloomin’ business

And the plant to the hell-box consign —

But you never will find men more loyal
Than the boys on the firin’ line.

The foreman, comp., pressman and “ devil ”

All join in the chorus of woe.

But let an outsider start something
And see where they tell him to go ;

No matter how low are the wages,

No matter how old the machines.

No matter how dirty the shop is,

Or the windows that nobody cleans.

The boss may be cranky or stingy.

But should an outsider opine

That such is the case — he'll get h -

From the boys on the firin’ line.

And no matter how many knockers
You think that you have in the shop.

It’s dollars to doughnuts, I’ll wager,

A stranger would soon have to stop
If he started knocking the outfit.

Or telling of what classy stuff
Was turned out at some other print-shop,

The men put an end to his bluff.

So, next time you're feeling discouraged
And can’t see a single good sign,

Remember you've got some real standbys —

The boys on the firin’ line.

THE PLEASANT SIDE OF A PRINTER’S LIFE.

A correspondent sends in the following: “ In an expe¬
rience of over twenty-five years we have gotten a variety
of orders and requests, including those for ‘ thin-center ’
visiting-cards, one copy only of a three-hundred-page book,
and to have a name printed on a suitcase; but among all
of them we think we are ready to ‘ give the cake ’ to the
sender of the following paragraphs, received in today’s
mail. And the wonderful pet word ‘ said ’ will indicate,
too, that they are from a lawyer.

Sometime ago I wrote you and received an answer on August 15th.
and you quoted me plate and One Hundred engraved cards for $6.40 and
you assured me that if ever I desired duplicate of this order that I would
be able to get the said cards for $1.10 per hundred after my plate was
made.

I sent you card, the style of which I wanted. Now, please mail me a
printed card, the same as I sent you, for my inspection, so that I may be
able to determine whether or not you have my order exactly. After you
have mailed me this card, and it is approved by me, I will let you enter
my order for one hundred engraved cards, but be sure and mail me dupli¬
cate of the card I sent you, so that I can approve the same and mail the
same back to you so that you may be able to enter my order.

SPECIMEN OF COLOR-PRINTING USED IN

ADVERTISING TYPEWRITERS.

Printed by The Henry O. Shepard Company, Chicago, from four-
color process plates made by the Minnesota Engraving and Color-
plate Company, Minneapolis. Ault & Wiborg process inks used.
Reprinted by courtesy of the Remington Typewriter Company.

THE INLAND PRINTER

377

The assistance of pressmen is desired in the solution of the problems of the pressroom in an endeavor to reduce the various

processes to an exact science.

Ruled Blank Registers Badly.

(1890) A New York printer submits a section of a
ruled blank printed on ledger stock. The printing on the
sheet appears to be a trifle out of register with the ruled
lines. The letter reads as follows: “ Enclosed please find

a sheet of a job printed on a - press, lately installed

and apparently in perfect condition. The sheet was fed
through twice and registers, but when I laid the sheet on
the form it was one-sixteenth of an inch larger from grip¬
per to back, as the indented marks show. It works the
same on all stocks, even the heavy chemical cover-stock.
I have also run a number of impressions on the manila
top sheet and the result was the same. I use a metal base,
sixty points high; new plates, twelve points thick; form
is even with bearers and the cylinder is also packed even
with them. Any advice will be appreciated.”

Answer. — In printing work of this character you can
obtain better results, so far as register to ruled lines is
concerned, by attaching a piece of narrow tape to the
sheet-band rod above the form rollers, and by passing the
tape down under the cylinder and between the page sec¬
tions, or lines, and then up and back toward the rear of
the feed-board that raises. This end of the tape is to be
fastened to a stout rubber band, and the rubber in turn
is fastened to a screw hook. This is to insure that the
sheet will be held firmly to the tympan during the print¬
ing operation. The test you made by printing upon the
draw-sheet shows that the press registers perfectly. In
placing the tape, or twine (which is sometimes used), be
certain that it does not strike on rule or type-lines, as it
will break and may wrap around the rollers and cut them.
The fastening of the back end to a piece of rubber, which
will be stretched, will insure the tape holding the sheet
firmly to the tympan. Try out this plan.

Questions from a Pressman.

(1897) A New Jersey pressman writes: “They say
if a young man never asks questions regarding his trade
or profession he will never advance in it. So here goes
for a few: (1) What do you consider a fair overrun table
to apply to jobs from 100 to 50,000, also for two, three
and four color work of same size run? (2) How can a
pressman, without consulting an ink chemist, tell whether
an ink will fade when printing? (3) How can a pressman
tell if an orange will rub off in powder after it drys?
Paste dryer will prevent it and will also cause the ink
to dry hard on press. (4) How can I prevent a half-tone
ink from being ‘dead’ in fountain? I mean by this that
the ink will not roll with fountain roller; instead, after
the roller has taken all the ink around it, the balance is
left ‘ high and dry ’ in fountain unless it is continually
‘ poked ’ down. I have five pounds in fountain at a time.
The ink appears fine on high-grade printing, without pick¬

ing or causing trouble of any kind, except as I have men¬
tioned. One must keep at it continually or light streaks
will show in printing from lack of ink.”

Answer. — (1) Much depends on the nature of the
stock, the character of the work and the quantity, and it is
almost impossible to set a definite scale. This must be
learned largely by experience. In runs of from 1,000 to
10,000 copies, ordinary work, the allowance for overrun
will vary from eight to five per cent. Where an auto¬
matic feeder is used, the percentage of overrun is lower
than if work is fed by hand. (2) The inkmaker will
inform you whether an ink is permanent or fugitive.
However, in default of this information, you may test it
by exposing an impression in direct sunlight. Cover part
of the impression with metal to screen the ink from the
rays of the sun. After a week’s exposure, if no change
is observed, it may be considered reasonably permanent.
(3) Test the ink before trying it on a job. Consult your
ink dealer, as he carries specialties to correct various ink
troubles. This is a better plan than to try doping ink with
home-made materials. (4) Add a small amount of boiled
oil and work it into the ink. Some pressmen add about
one spoonful of turpentine to a pound of ink.

Slip-Sheeting Eliminated by Careful Make-Ready.

(1891) An eastern pressman writes: “I would like
a little information concerning make-ready as practiced in
different pressrooms; that is, I would like to obtain the
theory for so doing. What is the object of tracing the
outlines of a form of half-tones, as, for instance, in a mag¬
azine or catalogue form, composed of type and cuts, or
half-tone plates and electros of type-forms. First, having
applied a two-ply or three-ply cut overlay on the base
sheet, over which are five, six or seven hangers and a top
sheet, I proceed to pull a make-ready sheet to mark out.
From habit, adopting the style of others from whom I
learned the trade, I trace the outlines of the solids and
portions next in density (two tracings) to be filled in with
folio. This is hung on, dropping a sheet or hanger to
equalize the impression for the overlay hung on. I next
proceed to mark out, or spot up, the second overlay make-
ready sheet, type first, cuts next. Again I trace up solids
and next shades in value of density, and overlay them with
the tissue. I hang this on and drop another sheet, or
hanger. Then I set the fountain and run as light a color
as possible, with the object of eliminating slip-sheeting.
I find that there are broken spots in my high lights, result¬
ing from the added pressure of folio tracing on first over¬
lay sheet and also the additional pressure of tracing on
second overlay sheet. I find that it is necessary to touch
up those light spots on another sheet. Kindly explain,
from a theoretical standpoint, the cause of this. Am I
right in practicing the method I have outlined and as I

378

THE INLAND PRINTER

have seen other pressmen do? I have observed that old-
time pressmen seldom traced a cut after applying the
two-ply or three-ply cut overlay, claiming that it only
necessitates superfluous work, but they invariably had to
slip-sheet their work, whereas the method I have outlined
tends to do away with slip-sheeting. Some employers argue,
why spend all this time tracing, trimming, paring and
peeling of paper, when the old-timers secured good results
without it, relying solely on the two or three ply cut over¬
lay? I notice that The Ladies’ Home Journal and various
other publications throughout the country adopt methods
similar to my own, thus doing away with slip-sheeting.

Answer. — The object of tracing a make-ready sheet to
reinforce the various shadows in a half-tone plate, we
believe, has been evolved from the necessity that arises
from the yielding of the tympan and the block. Of course,
you understand that the amount of pressure required to
properly affix the ink to the paper will be in proportion
to the density of the plate. In the high-light areas, the
pressure required is comparatively light, while in the
solids, or heavy shadows, the printing qualities of the plate
are improved by building up with folio or tissue in order
that the minimum amount of ink used will give full color
value. You, of course, know that the prover in a photo¬
engraving plant will secure excellent proofs on a hand
press by printing the plate flat. He uses a special ink
and hand-rolls the plate. He usually washes the plate
after each proof and pulls the impression very slowly.

The results you have seen in artists’ proofs are due
entirely to the care exercised in inking and printing, to
the quality of the paper and the grade of ink, and none to
make-ready. Another point in this regard: An engrav¬
ers’ proof is often pulled from a plate that is unblocked.
It is laid on an iron base plate, which, of course, is unyield¬
ing, and the packing consists of pressboard and a few
sheets of hard paper; that is, the material used between
the plates of the hand press and the printed sheet consists
practically of a piece of canvas, one or two sheets of
pressboard or cardboard, and possibly a sheet or two of
manila, and, finally, the sheet of glazed paper to be
printed upon. This gives two points in favor of hand
proofs which the cylinder pressman lacks. These points
are: (1) Rigidity of mounting; (2) unyielding tympan.

To come back to the reason for marking out shadows
and solids for reinforcing by tissue and folio, there is a
certain amount of yielding in all plates mounted on wood,
and, again, in all tympans that consist of many sheets of
book or news stock, hence the building up or reinforcing by
means of tissues in addition to the regular patches that are
employed to make blocks even, as in the case of lack of uni¬
formity in plate thickness. If it were convenient to meas¬
ure the thickness of a tympan under a solid after a long
run you would find that the compression that had taken
place at that point was considerable in comparison with
the actual yielding at another point where the impression
was lighter, as in the high-light area; hence, if this were
not taken into account in the make-ready by reinforcing,
the solid area would in a short time be compressed enough
to cause the high -light part to sustain a greater part of
the pressure than it should for good rendering of the plate.
The most direct result noticeable in printing a plate flat
is that the middle tones fill up quickly, and soon the high¬
light dots print smudgy. This, of course, is partly due
to the relatively greater amount of ink used than where
a plate is made ready and the proportion of ink used is
just sufficient for the high light and medium shadows.

The additional pressure in the solids and heavy shad¬
ows partly compensates for the sparse use of ink, making

the slip-sheeting of your work unnecessary. We believe
that where the plates are mounted on metal, and less resil¬
ient tympans are employed, the value of a tissue or folio
is greater because there will be less compression. Abso¬
lute inflexibility of printing surfaces is not considered
advisable, and we consider the employment of too many
hangers (white sheets) in a tympan unwise on long runs
because of the yielding nature of the material. We con¬
sider the use of fewer hangers, and of more brown sheets,
to be of greater efficiency, because the brown sheets are
denser and yield less under continued impression.

The contention of the old-time pressmen that make-
ready of half-tone plates by spotting up, in addition to
regular cut overlay or mechanical overlay (chalk or other¬
wise) , is not needed may apply to short runs, but doubt¬
less it is needed on long runs, owing to the compressibility
of materials used in tympans. It even forces the old-
timers to slip-sheet, which probably is a precaution in some
cases rather than an actual need. However, in your case,
the extra time that is taken to reinforce regular make-
ready of plates appears to be logical, and until a better
way is evolved it may be a wise plan to continue. The
writer believes that where a chalk overlay is employed
it would, perhaps, be best to use a weak and a strong over¬
lay for the same plate, in combination with a few brown
sheets, instead of using a medium overlay and patches of
tissue, together with a number of hangers or white sheets,
as the latter combination has relatively greater resiliency
than the chalk overlays and the brown sheets. The writer
examined a tympan from a press on which a run of maga¬
zine pages was made. The tympan consisted of four brown
sheets and one hard packing-board, together with the zinc
overlay. There was but one sheet of white, and very few
patches of tissue, used on the half-tone. The few tissues
used were mainly on the type portions of the form. The
printing was extraordinarily clean and sharp, and the
plates did not fill up. Work was not slip-sheeted.

The half-tone illustration above does scant justice to the original, a
striking store-card in patriotic colors. The card was printed in yellow,
red, blue and black on white stock. The upper dark portion was printed
in red ; the center, not being printed, appeared in white, and the lower
dark section was in blue. The plain border around the whole was in
yellow. By clever manipulation of Ben Day tints, the large eagle and
the small eagle on the can were printed in red, yellow and black, the can
itself being in black. The card was produced by The Henry O. Shepard
Company, Chicago, Illinois, for the Eagle White Lead Company.

THE INLAND PRINTER

379

IMPORTANCE OF GOOD BOOKKEEPING.*

BY H. C. GOETTSCHE.

iigiap

1HE subject of bookkeeping seldom receives
the attention that it should; however, dur¬
ing recent years, much agitation has taken
place on this subject owing to increased
competition, with corresponding decrease
in the resulting profits obtained in business.
Today a good system of accounting is abso¬
lutely essential so that the merchant or
manufacturer may know his actual results, not by the end
of the year, as was formerly the practice, but at the end
of every month — and why? Because the business man
now feels that with such knowledge, presented to him in
black and white by his bookkeeper or a public accountant,
he can supplement the figures by his practical knowledge
and understand why the results obtained show the condi¬
tion to be either good or poor.

Where the business man depends on his bank account
to show the results he very often fools himself, because
the bank balance is not a true barometer of his business.
It resembles the adage, “ Lock the barn after the horse is
stolen.” Your bank account is low when you pay your
bills, or when you have lost on operations and have much
outstanding among customers. The bank account is high
when you do not pay your bills, have borrowed money,
have nothing out among customers or have made good
profits, and also by the possible accumulation of cash by
the judicious provision for depreciation before distributing-
profits.

Good accounting provides a charge against operation
for depreciation, or wear and tear, so that the business
man has the assurance that when his equipment is all worn
out he has already provided for that contingency and can
continue in business by replacing the discarded machinery,
or that he can quit and receive in full the amount that he
originally invested, plus his profits.

Interest on investment is a subject that receives much
comment. Some say, “ It is not part of my cost. I am
satisfied if I show a profit”; others, “Interest is part of
my cost, because if I can not make over six per cent on
the money I have invested in this business, I am going to
quit.” Both are right; however, in the second instance,
that man wants more than six per cent; he feels that if
he took that same investment and placed it elsewhere he
wouldn’t work so hard and would still receive six per cent,
and also be relieved from the worries of a business.
Interest, therefore, may be charged against operations
merely from the statistical view that the item is already
in cost and therefore earned, giving at least that satisfac¬
tion. However, where interest is charged to cost, and
there is a large inventory of finished stock on hand at the
closing period, this proportion of the interest charged to
the cost of the finished stock should be eliminated, as it is
an anticipation of profits for the year.

The Federal Trade Commission early realized that
there was a general tendency among small merchants and
manufacturers to conduct business without an adequate
system of bookkeeping for determining cost and resulting
profits, and took immediate steps to try and correct this
condition, as can be verified by the amount of agitation on
uniform accounting systems, uniform cost systems and the
like among business organizations.

* This article, which follows up the one setting forth the views of the
leading electrotypers as presented in our last issue, has been prepared by
H. C. Goettsche, the expert accountant who has prepared the system of
bookkeeping adopted by the eiectrotypers, and sets forth his views of the
need of uniformity in methods of bookkeeping.

Look over the statements that your bank hands you
when you want a loan. Bankers today even maintain a
special department for checking up the borrower’s state¬
ment of financial standing, also for studying the condition
of the plant and the personnel of the management. The
banker is more liberal in granting credit to the man who
can show at any time how he is progressing, not from the
view of increased business alone, but from the fact that
the good business man can show these results by his book¬
keeping methods. The banker also considers whether Mr.
Business Man has provided for depreciation on buildings
and equipment, bad accounts, etc., and the books should
properly show these facts.

Insurance men compare the amount of insurance car¬
ried in proportion to the value of the stock, fixtures, build¬
ings and equipment. Your books of account should reflect
these values to avoid dispute in case of fire.

The value to be obtained from a uniform system of ac¬
counts is apparent. Comparisons — between years, months,
weeks or days, also the comparison of figures when talked
over between one business man and another, either in
direct conversation with a friend, a competitor, or through
organization, which is now the ruling business spirit — all
benefit the business men when they can talk and mean the
same thing. The uniform system is absolutely necessary
to all business of allied interest, bakers, printers, stove
manufacturers, engravers, eiectrotypers, contractors, tai¬
lors. Any one class of business derives benefit from a
uniform system.

In time we may expect our Government to call upon us
for information — other lines have received this call ■ — to
ascertain conditions in a particular line of business. You
are surely not going to show yourselves backward by say¬
ing, “ We can not supply the information desired from our
books.”

Uniformity in bookkeeping in lines of allied interests
prevents misunderstandings.

With present conditions as they are, good bookkeeping
is absolutely necessary to the business man, whether in a
large or a small business. The present taxes imposed on
income and excess profits are so great that the slightest
error in figuring net income means much to the business;
for instance, it is said that an overstatement of $1,000 in
figuring profits means a tax of not less than $60, and
possibly as much as $760. The new laws require that a
great amount of information be supplied before the amount
of tax can be computed, such as percentage of profit to
investment in past years, 1911, 1912 and 1913, total invest¬
ment and of what it consists. With taxes at present
proportions, from six per cent to seventy-six per cent,
being income tax plus war income tax plus war profits tax,
and possibly the tax on undistributed profits, the utmost
care must be exercised before the profits for the year are
entered on your books of account, not that it is your desire
to evade any payment of tax whatsoever, but to be just to
yourselves and your business. The new laws and regula¬
tions on the income tax require much study before attempt¬
ing to close the books for the year so that you may have
all the data on your books that is necessary to assist in
preparing the tax reports.

While it takes some small effort to keep a set of books,
the foregoing remarks may have enlightened you on the
advisability of having a good bookkeeping system, and the
information obtained will more than repay the small
effort required.

Uniformity in bookkeeping permits all engaged in any
industry to talk in the same language.

380

THE INLAND PRINTER

Written for The Inland Printer.

A CARTOONIST IN CONGRESS.

BY STEPHEN H. MORGAN.

RINTERS in plenty have honored the
United States Congress by their presence;
even editors have managed to squeeze in;
but who would have believed that a car¬
toonist could get there? A cartoonist usu¬
ally lampoons so many classes of people
that there are few citizens whom he has
not offended left to elect him to any office.
And still John M. Baer, cartoonist, is sent to Congress by
the Farmers’ Nonpartisan Political League of the first
district of North Dakota with 13,000 votes, to the Demo¬
cratic candidate’s 3,000 and the Republican’s 8,000 votes.

Mr. Baer is the newest and youngest member of Con¬
gress, having just turned thirty-one years. He was born
in Appleton, Wisconsin, where his parents still live. He
was educated at Lawrence University. He is married and
has two children, the older six years, and the younger
fifteen months. That our readers may judge for them¬
selves the character of man he is, we asked him for his
latest portrait, which is printed here.

Congressman Baer continues his cartoons. One from
the Washington Times is reproduced, showing a compar-

John M. Baer, Cartoonist Congressman.

ison between the ordinary American citizen and the bloated
monopolist whom the Congressman hopes to put out of
business. In Mr. Baer’s public statements since his ar¬
rival in Washington, he has shown a fearless, statesman¬
like grasp of world war affairs which makes him a valuable
voice in Congress, and one that will be heard from forcibly.

Now that cartoonists are eligible, our own John T. Nolf
may be commandeered into office by grateful printers in

return for the good-natured manner in which he has por¬
trayed their trials and few rewards in the pages of The
Inland Printer.

CARE OF WOOD TYPE.

BY R. E. HAYNES.

Wood type should be carefully cleaned after using;
and if ink or dirt adheres to the surface of the letter, it
should be removed by scraping with a piece of brass rule,
which will not injure the letter.

Wood type must never be washed with lye, nor should
it be kept where moisture will reach it. The best place to

When Government Ownership Comes, Public Monopoly Will Have
a Smaller Waist Line. More Will Go into Work, Less into Fat.

Cartoon by Congressman John M. Baer.

keep such type is on a rack of broad shelves or slides,
arranged against the wall, at a distance of several feet
from the floor. It should be kept away from sinks or
other points where there is water or the air is likely to be
moist. The precautions must be followed or the type is
likely to swell out of shape, or the veneer will check and
split, which spoils the type for good work. Where it is
possible to do so, set the types on edge (when the shelves
are stationary). Standing the letters on edge allows a
free circulation of air and prevents accumulation of
moisture, which is harmful to wood type.

Great care must also be taken to prevent the breaking
of kerned letters. To do this, the compositor should cut
out portions of wood reglet and pass these next to the
type line, with the cut out part next to the kerned letters.
If this can not be done, use wood furniture of short
lengths on each side of the kerned letters. In planing the
form, it is necessary to be very careful not to crush the
kerns or crack them. A cracked or broken kern disfigures
a poster or other job containing wood letter, and is a
source of great annoyance to a careful printer.

THE INLAND PRINTER

381

BY E. M. KEATING.

The experiences of composing-machine operators, machinists and users are solicited, with the object of the widest possible dissemination of

knowledge concerning the best methods of obtaining results.

Electric Metal-Pots are a Success.

An operator in the State of Washington writes: “ I
wish some information concerning the electric metal-pots
for linotype machines, as the gasoline burner we now use
gives unsatisfactory results, especially when it is neces¬
sary to change size of slugs, which I usually have to do a
number of times in a day. My employer has signified a
willingness to purchase an electric pot for the machine —
provided they have proved successful — but says he does
not wish to experiment, so I wanf to know whether elec¬
tric metal-pots have proved a success. Has any make of
induction type metal-pot been placed on the market? If
so, do they do satisfactory work, and who sells them?
I have never seen them advertised. I will greatly appre¬
ciate any information or advice you can give concerning
electrically heated metal-pots.”

Answer. — You may safely state to your employer that
the electric pot has long ago passed the experimental stage
and is in successful use in every section. We do not know
of any induction type electric pots.

Leaky Pot-Mouth.

An Iowa publisher writes: “About a month ago I put
in an electric pot on my ‘ K.’ In a few days we began
having trouble, as follows: After casting one slug, a
drop of metal as large as two good-sized tears was depos¬
ited on the back mold wiper. With each successive slug
cast this deposit would be added to until the wiper would
fail to perform its service and the metal would collect
on the back of the mold, with the usual results. After a
thorough cleaning of the parts, a repetition of the diffi¬
culty would always result. We have been unable to locate
the source of this metal. It seems as if it runs along the
top of the under half of the mouthpiece, or, rather, the
wedge that holds the mouthpiece in place, and drops
directly from there to the back mold wiper. On that side,
this wedge ends almost at the last hole in the mouthpiece.
From there to the edge of the pot is about an inch, and
it is in this groove that the metal is carried, to be dropped
on the mold wiper during the lock-up and casting. The
slugs are perfect. If you can assist us in locating our
trouble we will appreciate it.”

Answer. — We suggest the following plan to determine
the cause: Clean out the opening to the right of the
wedge beneath the mouthpiece. Use a pointed piece of
wood, or anything, to remove every particle of metal.
Cast one slug and draw disk forward and examine the
opening to see if any metal occupies the place previously
cleaned. If metal is found there, as you have described,
you can feel certain that you have a leak at that point.
You may be able to close the fissure by giving the wedge
several heavy blows so as to drive it toward the key¬

board, then drive it inward at the point near the right
end with the edge of a six-point piece of brass rule, the
aim being to close the opening, if possible, by tightening
the wedge, so as to obviate the need of other means. When
this is done, clean opening as before and cast several slugs,
noting if metal appears as before. It may be possible
that the foregoing plan will not remedy the trouble; if
not, you will have to resort to another method of closing
the fissure. Begin by cleaning the opening as before and,
when the pot is dead cold, take some printers’ lye and add
some salt to the solution. With a rag apply this liquid
to the place where the metal escapes. After applying a
sufficient quantity of the liquid it will soak into the fissure.
When the lye evaporates, the crystals are supposed to seal
the openings and prevent further leaking. Usually the
liquid is allowed to dry spontaneously, which may take
over night.

Wear on Matrix Lugs.

An Idaho operator writes: “ I wish to have you exam¬
ine the matrix I am enclosing and tell me whether it is
showing undue wear. It has been used on a Model 18,
installed just a year ago this month, so that the matrices
have been in use only that long. It seems to me that there
should not be the wear which there appears to be on the
top edge of the lower front lug. The alignment is perfect,
but I am afraid that if it became necessary to fill up on
some characters they would not align very well. I decided
that the trouble was caused by the first elevator not drop¬
ping low enough, and that when the mold wheel came for¬
ward to meet the line the top edge of the mold groove
bound on the top edge of the lug and thus caused the wear;
so I loosened the screw in the elevator-head just a trifle,
but found that the vise automatic would not work, so
changed the screw back to its old position. I notice the
“ Mechanism of the Linotype ” says that the lugs are worn
this way by overset or tight lines, but I am sure that is
not the cause in this case, as I keep the gage set so it
would be practically impossible. I wish to thank you for
the helpful suggestions you gave me a short time ago, and
assure you of my appreciation of any that you may give
me in this case. The matrix I am sending is a good
sample of the entire font.”

Answer— The amount of wear- on the lug at point
mentioned is negligible. You should have sent a small
“ n,” or some other lower-case character, as a colon is so
seldom used it would not show the wear so much as the
characters referred to. We suggest that you examine the
fiber buffer on the front lower rail of the assembling ele¬
vator. This piece should be renewed frequently, as it will
prevent undue wear. Examine the mold-keeper and see
that its upper edge is well up to the mold base. If out of
position, this part will cause wear on the back lower lugs

382

THE INLAND PRINTER

of matrices. Graphite the following places with a brush
to insure the minimum amount of friction: (1) Rails of
assembling elevator; (2) rails of line-delivery channel;
(3) rails of first elevator; (4) grooves of the mold-keeper
and the top of the justification block. If you desire to see
whether the first elevator is adjusted properly, send in a
line and stop cams when plunger is about to descend.
Observe the space between the elevator screw and vise
cap. There should be about one point clearance. Do not
change the adjustment, for it should be correct.

Molds Should Not Be Polished with an Abrasive.

An Ohio operator writes : “ I am operating on a Model
5 linotype and, being desirous to learn all I can of the
mechanism of the machine, would be pleased to have you
answer the following questions: (1) What is the correct
method of putting vise in second position? (2) Will pol¬
ishing a mold on a felt polishing wheel, on which polishing
brick ( tripoli ) has been rubbed, have a tendency to round
the corners of the mold? (3) Explain method of putting
a new verge on a Model 5. (4) What is the function of

the guard above the lower front distributor screws? (5)
What is the purpose of the projecting pin on the upper end
of dash keyrod on Model 5? ”

Answer. — (1) To lower vise to second position, proceed
as follows: (a) Draw out stopping and starting lever and
push it back quickly when the first elevator descends to
the vise-head, (b) Open the vise to first position, then,
with left hand, raise the first elevator to full height. While
holding it in that position, take hold of the knob of the
vise-frame rest and draw it out, and, as the vise is lowered,
release the knob. The spring will return it so as to support
the vise frame when it reaches a horizontal position. It
is considered a good plan to permit the left vise-locking
screw to rest on a chair to further insure the security of
the vise while in this position. You should guard against
moving the machine cams either forward or backward
while the vise rests in this position. To return the vise
to normal position, take hold of the right vise-locking
screw with the right hand and with the left hand lift the
first elevator, taking hold on the hand grip, which is then
about even with the vise cap. When the vise reaches first
position, the vise-frame rest will come into position to
support it, and the elevator may be allowed to descend to
its relative position. (2) It is a very bad practice to polish
the mold in the manner you describe. Tripoli is a grit,
and when applied by the buffer wheel will soon round off
the corners of the mold, and that will cause fins to appear
on the slug. If you desire to clean the mold, it may be
safely done by scraping the adhering metal from the mold
with a sharp piece of two-point brass rule, using benzine
or coal oil. After it is free from flakes of metal, its vari¬
ous surfaces may be polished with graphite. If the metal
is strongly attached, it may be removed by liberally coat¬
ing the surface of the mold and liners with blue ointment.
The mercury will amalgamate the lead and will make it
an easy matter to clean. This greasy compound should
remain on the mold at least eight hours. After removing
the grease, the mold and liners should be cleaned fully with
gasoline, and the inner surface of the mold may be pol¬
ished with dry graphite afterward. As we stated before, no
abrasive material should be permitted to touch the mold.
We have known of operators polishing off the back of the
mold with fine emery paper. The fins that afterward
appeared on the bottom of their slugs were traceable to
this operation. (3) To put in a new verge, first lock the
matrices and then remove the magazine. Raise the key-
rods by the handle found near right-hand post of keyboard,

then release the catch and push the upper end of the key-
rods back from the verges. Remove the screws found near
each end of escapement, and lift off the escapement care¬
fully. Place the escapement upside down on a table, or
some other place where there will be no protruding nails
to damage the edges of the escapement-bar. The verge
may be taken out by pushing out the hinge-rod with a
rod of equal diameter. When the verge which you desire
to remove is reached, separate the two rods and lift out
the verge and pawls. Measure the thickness of the verge
removed with a micrometer, and secure from your supply
one of equal thickness. Polish the new verge and the pawls
on graphite before replacing, and be certain you replace
any verge-springs that may have been detached during the
operation. (4) In falling from the distributor-bar the
matrices strike the back edge of the guard and are deflected
outside the radius of the lower screw. (5) The pin is a
lock to hold the catch down when the keyrod upper guide
is pushed back, detaching the keyrods from verges.

You should secure a copy of “ The Mechanism of the
Linotype ” to aid you in studying the linotype machine.

Slugs Bind in Ejecting.

A Texas operator submits a slug and writes as follows:
“ Have been reading the Machine Composition Department
of The Inland Printer for some time. We have a Model
5 linotype which has shown good service for . nearly seven
years. It seems that the slug is damaged in ejecting. Am
sending you a slug, by which you will see how it rubs on
the ends, getting quite serious on one end, as it damages
the last letter cast on the slug. Thinking that the trouble
was caused by the mold-disk pinion being loose, I ordered
a new one, but it did not seem to help.”

Answer. — The appearance of the face of the slug at
the lower end suggests that the knife wiper is interfering.
It is possible that metal has lodged on the wiper guide,
preventing the wiper from descending far enough to clear
the slug. Remove the brass wiper, then run machine about
an hour and observe if the slugs are giving trouble as
before. If they do, then look to the liners, or to the ejector-
blade, which may be loose.

Remelting of Linotype Metal.

A country publisher in New York writes: “ In some
subsequent issue of The Inland Printer will you please
give advice as to the treatment for remelting linotype
metal for a one-machine plant? ”

Answer. — Ordinarily, after metal has been printed
from, it should be remelted in a large pot and cast into
ingots, which are more convenient to handle. The pot for
remelting the metal may be provided with a gas, gasoline
or coal furnace, and may be secured in sizes up to 1,000
pounds capacity. When the metal is in the pot and nearly
melted, some sheep’s tallow may be thrown into the pot
and stirred into the metal with a wooden paddle so that it
is well mixed in (some pots are provided with stirring
devices). This grease has a tendency to separate the
bright metal from the powder or oxid, and is said to
reduce some of the oxid to metallic form again. At any
rate, after stirring the metal in this manner for a while
you will note that considerable powder may be removed
from the surface with a skimmer, and that the surface
of the metal is as bright as quicksilver. When the oper¬
ation of stirring and skimming is completed you are ready
to pour off the metal into ingot molds. The heat under
the metal may be gradually reduced as the quantity of
metal diminishes. In taking out the metal, dip ladle to
the bottom of the pot each time to give a good mixture.

THE INLAND PRINTER

383

ORGANIZED INDUSTRY.*

BY WALTER S. GIFFORD.

HE discussion this afternoon is to consider
how manufacturers and members of trade
associations “ may improve present organ¬
ization better to serve the Government and
develop their output.” Industry in this
country has never organized so as to serve
the Government in time of war. Such
organizations and associations as now exist
are peace-time organizations and were not designed to
mobilize industries effectively for war. With the emer¬
gency upon us it was necessary, therefore, that the Gov¬
ernment undertake to develop some sort of industrial
organization. Obviously, this was much less desirable
than had business in time of peace formed its own organ¬
ization. The organization of industry effected by the
Government for war purposes was to select certain men
in each line of industry and appoint them on committees,
which committees were to advise and assist the Govern¬
ment in regard to its needs in each industry. Some men
in the industry who were not on the committees naturally
felt that they were not represented, particularly as they
may have had nothing to say in regard to what men were
appointed on the committees. The very method by which
the committees were created made it possible, although it
has not been in any instance a fact, to have the indus¬
try represented to the Government in a way that might
be unfair to some of its members. The business men on

the committees would seem to have an advantage over the
men who were not on the committees. To correct possible
abuse, Congress felt it necessary to pass Section 3 of the
Food Control Act, which reads as follows:

Section 3. — That no person acting either as a voluntary or paid
agent or employee of the United States in any capacity, including an
advisory capacity, shall solicit, induce, or attempt to induce any person
or officer authorized to execute or to direct the execution of contracts on
behalf of the United States to make any contract or give any order for
the furnishing to the United States of work, labor, or services, or of
materials, supplies, or other property of any kind or character, if such
agent or employee has any pecuniary interest in such contract or order,
or if he or any firm of which he is a member, or corporation, joint-stock
company, or association of which he is an officer or stockholder, or in
the pecuniary profits of which he is directly or indirectly interested,
shall be a party thereto. Nor shall any agent or employee make, or
permit any committee or other body of which he is a member to make,
or participate in making, any recommendation concerning such contract
or order to any council, board, or commission of the United States, or
any member or subordinate thereof, without making to the best of his
knowledge and belief a full and complete disclosure in writing to such
council, board, commission, or subordinate of any and every pecuniary
interest which he may have in such contract or order and of his interest in
any firm, corporation, company, or association being a party thereto. Nor
shall he participate in the awarding of such contract or giving such order.
Any wilful violation of any of the provisions of this section shall be punish¬
able by a fine of not more than $10,000, or by imprisonment of not more
than five years, or both : Provided, That the provisions of this section
shall not change, alter or repeal section forty-one of chapter three hun¬
dred and twenty-one, Thirty-fifth Statutes at Large.

Any broad-minded man would have to admit that Sec¬
tion 3 of the Food Control Act is intended for the good
of the people. It is really because the business men had
failed to organize in time of peace and to be in a posi¬
tion to cooperate as organizations with the Government
that we have Section 3. It is because the Government
was forced to organize business as best it could that the
situation demanded the passage of a law to prevent pos¬

* An address delivered by Walter S. Gifford, director of the Council of
National Defense and its Advisory Commission, before the War Conven¬
tion of the Chamber of Commerce of the United States, at Atlantic City,
New Jersey.

sible abuse in what was the only method of procedure the
circumstances permitted.

Each industry would best serve the Government if it
were organized on a nation-wide basis, with complete rep¬
resentation of all members of the industry. Organization
along state lines or by localities is admirable for chambers
of commerce and local civic associations, but our indus¬
trial life is not so bounded. Industries are not largely
affected by state lines. A national organization by in¬
dustries is the form of organization that will best serve
the Government both in time of war and in time of peace.
We have never needed such organized industry as much
as we need it now when we are engaged in this war, and
we never have needed it as much as we shall need it after
the war is over, when we shall be in the midst of a world
competition of unknown proportions. If we had had such
an organization of business in this country at the out¬
break of the conflict, the problem of mobilizing industry
for war would have been simple.

Theoretically, such organized industry would be built
up in this way: Every shoe manufacturer in the country,
for example, would attend a convention in a large hall.
He would agree to join an association to be composed of
all the shoe manufacturers in the country. In a demo¬
cratic way, an election of a board of directors or of an
executive committee would take place, which board of
directors or executive committee would be authorized and
able to speak for and represent all the shoe manufactur¬
ers of the country. Such an organization would be able
to advise and assist the Government to the fullest extent
in satisfying its requirements for shoes.

Why has industry failed so to organize when the ad¬
vantages to the country of such organization seem obvious,
not only in time of war but in time of peace? In the first
place, while business men would gladly organize to serve
the Government in time of war, is their attitude the same
in time of peace? In time of peace is not rather the
Government looked upon as something apart from the
people; apart from ourselves; something perhaps antag¬
onistic to the welfare of business men? Is not the aim
and thought of many to find out how Government may
better serve business rather than how business may better
serve Government? “ How Government may better serve
business ” implies an attempt to obtain special privilege
in that it sets the welfare of business above the welfare
of the country, and such special privilege is of course
inconsistent with the ideals of democracy. The truth is
that to serve the Government in a democracy is literally
serving the people.

Anti-trust laws and regulatory bodies are aimed to
prevent abuses which every citizen, whether a business
man or not, who believes in a democracy must in his own
conscience agree should be prevented. To fail to recog¬
nize this, to feel that anti-trust laws and regulatory bodies
are obstacles put in the way of business to prevent its
being organized, is to fail to recognize the significance of
democracy. Business must initiate and assist the Gov¬
ernment in making its laws and regulations helpful, not
to business alone, but to all.

Furthermore, business men must establish a code of
ethics so that such laws will never be needed. If organ¬
ized business will realize that its duty is to serve the
people and to prevent restraint of trade, unfair competi¬
tion and other abuses, such organization will not be ille¬
gal. No government in a democracy would long stand if
it prevented part of the people from acting for the good
of all the people. The very theory of our form of gov¬
ernment is that in the long run it acts for the best for

384

THE INLAND PRINTER

the people as a whole, so far as it is possible for human
agencies to determine what is best.

In describing the sort of organization of industry which
is necessary, I outlined a theoretical organization of the
shoe industry. I use the word “ theoretical ” because I
am sure most of you will say at first that it is impractical.
I want to emphasize that, in my opinion, it is the duty of
our industries to carry out some such plan as this. The
Government is not to help them to do it, though many
business men seem to think that the initiative should come
from the Government. Quite to the contrary, it is the
business men who must do it on their own initiative in
order to serve the Government and to assist this nation
to maintain its place among the leading countries of the
world. It is clearly a case where the duty for action lies
not outside of the business men but on the business men
themselves. Business men must get away from provin¬
cialism. A great deal is said about the need of introduc¬
ing business methods in the Government or having business
men in high, important places. Have business men as a
class justified their being so honored? The world has
gone forward rapidly in the last very few years. Eco¬
nomic provincialism, the selfish and narrow view-point of
what is good for the moment or good for the individual,
but not good in the long run, and not good for all, is
doomed. Business men undoubtedly know the mechanics
and machinery of organization by which things may be
accomplished, but have they yet proved their ability to
be far-sighted and broad-minded as to the relation of
their individual businesses to the great economic and social
scheme of modern society? Organized industry can be
made an accomplished fact, and I am confident that it
will be achieved by the business men, but it can never
be done without broad vision and teamwork with the
proper ideals back of both. No longer should a man be
judged merely by the fact that he is a financial success.
A code of business ethics must be set up by which the
member who acts contrary to the best interests of the
organization, and therefore contrary to the best interests
of the people — for after all the two are identical - — will
be ostracized by his fellow business men. The motive of
the shoe association, which I have used for illustration,
would be to develop the art of manufacturing shoes so as
to eliminate wasteful methods and to give the country and
the world the best shoe at the lowest price possible.

I hope that men of vision in industry will feel it their
duty to assist in organizing the business of this country
more completely than it has ever been organized. The
vision of organized business must be far-sighted and
broad. Business men should know more about business
than the Government, no matter how able that Govern¬
ment may be. But remember that the day when business
can move along, feeling that its own interests are apart
from and distinct from the interests of all of the people,
has gone by. The war has shown not only that public
utilities are essential to the well-being of the people and
therefore must be regulated to prevent abuses, but that
coal, iron and copper mines, and other lines of industry,
in short, all vital business, must be carried on for the
good of all the people. If business men are not far¬
sighted enough to see to this themselves, some scheme of
socialization must take place by which it is imposed on
them. Business must, and will, in a democratic manner
organize itself so as to make this country impossible of
defeat in war or in peace.

Never before has there been such justification for
optimism in these matters. Under the stress of war, no
one could have responded more splendidly and patriotically

to the Government’s call than have the great majority of
business men. Lacking the machinery by which their
united efforts could best be brought to bear on the prob¬
lems facing the country, business has responded unself¬
ishly and effectively. The business world has shown that
it can, under proper stimulus, arise to the occasion, and
that it is learning to lead rather than follow in the
course of world events. Present business organizations
and trade associations are many in kind and character.
No one suggestion can be made as to how they may more
effectively serve the Government at this time. The prob¬
lem is one for each of the organizations to work out itself.
Fundamental to any progress is complete knowledge of
facts. Organizations should have not only complete knowl¬
edge as to the facts regarding their business in this coun¬
try, but, so far as possible, facts regarding their business
throughout the world; facts as to needs for their prod¬
ucts; which of those needs are essential to winning the
war and which might, if necessary, be left unsatisfied;
facts as to the sources of supply of materials which are
used in the industry; facts as to conditions of labor. An
intelligent study of these facts will develop how waste
of all sorts may be eliminated; waste in methods of dis¬
tribution ; waste in use of materials which are needed
for other purposes and for which substitutes could read¬
ily be used; waste in the excessive turnover of labor,
and waste in man-power.

The resources of the country consist, in a general way,
of men, money and materials. The task of winning this
war will require all of these resources. It is incumbent
on every one to see that they are used in a way which
will help win the war and in no other way. No new
enterprise must be undertaken which would waste these
resources. Let us remember that modern war is not
fought by fighting men alone, but that entire nations
must be mobilized and enlisted in the effort. Thus far
the business men of our nation, which possesses producing
resources greater than that possessed by any other two
nations in the world, have enlisted whole-heartedly and
unselfishly. We have proved, thanks to the patriotism
of the business men, that we are not a nation of money-
getters. We are learning to discipline ourselves for the
sake of an ideal. We shall not have to Prussianize this
country in order to make it efficient in time of war, and,
likewise, in time of peace, for we are learning the great
lesson of unselfish devotion to a common good. Let the
business men of the country go forward with new plans
for organization based on new hopes and new ideals. The
result will be organized industry, not organized for the
purpose of securing special privilege, but organized for
the welfare of the people.

A JUDICIAL ROAST.

In the case of United States vs. One Automobile, 237
Federal Reporter, 891, the question arises as to whether
or not an automobile would come under an old Indian
Territory statute calling for a forfeiture of “ boat, team,
wagon or sled,” if same is used in conveying liquor into
an Indian country. In discussing this feature of the case,
Justice Bourquin says in part: “It was yet later that
the automobile was developed to a degree that, while it is
a tremendous and valuable industry, it is also an incentive
to great public and private extravagance and debt, too
largely owned, more or less conditionally, by those not
more than six lengths ahead of the wolf, infesting the pub¬
lic streets, contemptuous of the rights of pedestrians, like
Jehu driving furiously — a rare combination of luxury,
necessity, and waste.” — The Docket.

THE INLAND PRINTER

385

The Sale and Lease Value of a Newspaper.

One of the standard questions addressed to this de¬
partment relates to the sale and lease values of country
newspapers. Because, in the last analysis, the sale value
of a newspaper depends upon what the buyer will give
and what the seller will take, the question would appear
to be academic. An examination of some of the elements
of value may be helpful, however, to those who are con¬
templating' either the purchase or sale of a newspaper
business.

I have had a theory that the average country weekly
is fairly worth the appraised value of its plant plus the
value of the subscription list, computed on the basis of
the number of subscribers multiplied by the yearly sub¬
scription rate. The value so obtained, however, must be
materially modified by the value of the field, and it appears
to me that the most serious mistakes are made both by
buyers and sellers in judging the value of the field.

It is an axiom in merchandising that a thing well
bought is half sold, and yet, judging from the reports of
newspaper sales that come to me, newspaper men do busi¬
ness in reckless disregard of this principle.

Running over some recent sales, I find one which sold
at twice the physical valuation of the plant, in spite of
the fact that the field was valueless; another which sold
for twice the value of the plant, although the field is poor;
another which sold for but little more than the value of
the plant, although the field was excellent; and another
which sold at the same price as the second one, although
the plant was much better and the field far better.

In all of these transactions it appears to me that too lit¬
tle attention was given by either the buyer or the seller to
the true value of the field. Practical newspaper men should
have no especial difficulty in agreeing on the physical val¬
uation of a plant, and, likewise, a subscription list has a
reasonably fixed value, but to determine the value of a
field one must investigate and weigh carefully. The field
of the paper first mentioned was so absolutely dominated
by a competitor that the very excellent plant would have
been worth as much, and perhaps more, if loaded on a
freight car. To less extent this was true of the second
paper mentioned, and only time, expense and hard work
can put the paper on a paying basis. The third paper had
only a fair plant, but was entrenched in an excellent field,
and has since become one of the most prosperous papers
in the State. The fourth had a modern plant in a field
where the volume of business was good and rates high,
and it was in every way a desirable property.

Any prospective purchaser of a newspaper property
will, of course, want to know what the volume of business
3-7

has been, and what the prospects are for increasing it.
But this is not enough. Without attempting to exhaust
the subject, let me suggest other features which should be
looked into. If the volume of business has been satisfac¬
tory, ascertain if it has been profitable and whether or
not it has been stable; or whether it comes from only a
limited number of business institutions. Look into the
competition, and remember that a strong, businesslike
competitor is often to be preferred to a weak, price-cutting
one. If the volume of business be not large, let neither
your pessimism nor your optimism be the judge, but look
at the cold facts. If the field has not been properly cul¬
tivated, weigh its possibilities; but if the field is already
occupied and dominated by a competitor, do not minimize
the difficulty of getting a foothold in the field. There is
nothing more discouraging than raising a second-rate news¬
paper into a position where it can command a steady and
profitable line of business. The business practices of a
field are also most important, the subscription rate, adver¬
tising rate, legal rate and credits.

In a general way, it is well to remember that the better¬
paying newspaper properties are not for sale, and that
papers which are on the market will require a deal of
building up. If the field is there, industry will have its
reward; but if the field be not there, then ever so
good a plant should be no inducement. Plants can be pur¬
chased from the dealers at any time, but a field must have
possibilities, either active or latent, to be of any value.
Rather than buy a newspaper in a field without possibili¬
ties, it would be better to pay the high price which a
well-established, prosperous newspaper will command.

To put it another way: The important thing is the
amount of profit in prospect. If the plant is inadequate
or inefficient, that defect can easily be remedied. On the
other hand, however, if the clientele of a paper is limited
on account of small population, restricted territory, na¬
tionality — or, rather, language — of the inhabitants, pre¬
emption of the field by a competitor, or if the business
community does not appreciate the value of advertising
and if advertising rates have been persistently depressed,
these factors, which will more or less permanently inter¬
fere with a profitable business, should be carefully consid¬
ered. In such instances, almost any inducement in the
way of price is likely to prove deceptive.

The newspaper man with a good, profit-paying prop¬
erty may well heed these remarks also if tempted to take
some attractive offer with the idea of buying a paper at
some other point. Too late he may find that the really
desirable fields are difficult to purchase.

The leasing value of a paper, it seems to me, should
be enough to compensate the owner for the taxes, insur-

386

THE INLAND PRINTER

ance, interest on the investment, and from twelve per cent
to twenty per cent for replacement. Leases are seldom
made on such terms, which explains why leasing is so
generally unsatisfactory. Certainly the lessor is entitled
to all of the items enumerated, but the lessee demurs be¬
cause he does not care to face these large fixed charges;
yet every newspaper man has these fixed charges to meet

ST. PETER HERALD.

— „xm

- ™

DRAFTED HEN TO BE

Fudge M ag Be Disastrous!

DRIVE FM $5000 IS

FIRST DRAFTED MEN

Pitnobc Coedj Eat Cheese

K BOVS AT DEMINS

HONORED ON TUESOAV

K Bon Ms nag Too M«b'

PUN OF RED CROSS

WILL 00 WEDNESDAY

CoDege To Cottserre Meal

ADE WORKING HARD

nrrect thookno ixrrcrrD

r.m two stcolutt houvrl

>jnw MW—

ON3T1UT.ON NEXT WEOL

CAMPAIGN.

*t‘DT ftn 11

ON THE dOH

mo cross will iarquet tors

FUNDS ARE DEEDED IMMEDIATELY

F0BTY PER CENT FIRST IKS EM EXT

FOOD AND WATER ARE EXCELLENT

_ _ _ tw-,.

o.T*.r — -.» •« -

_ llu. „ r>*.u. Mm-a

r.ow i-uwo— AUw..,.

M.a, T.i. A/.-.l.,. ./ US— f>.p.

;£L «*.!£*•

JUS"”

ssSj-HlSE

SrSrHJSS

T'o

Federation of Local
Churches Is Planned

Firewortss Display To
Feature County Fair

WMKfis

ex'

.r'iX'.xXTXi

ST**4,:1, v

J-

Woman Who Moulded

Women Patients Will

Bullets Buried Today

Knit Socks. Perhaps!

MILLER BEUEYES IR ADVERST1SH8

X7LLX7'.’. zt. -

Vt""' - -

SAMMY l» (BAKE WANTS HERALD

| Mr. B..tare Bilu-r, . •’

W.O.. ollnll .1 U- .U» M.-

.na- .< 0- suu rue a. t-t

E”SrJs^

L." “-“X*

<*-*-£*. r.

ui. W”°‘

u .: .... , p.i u rtw. n I. ix.

II!

ijliljl;

lllilli

ssife

”u-,,!£LD7 X'X/X

^ ltl;

WTTHOUT HIS GUESTS

JZ.T:; « « .r.tj'L

ts. rcw.,,7LL. ^

"-n. u o- -rew-

SrSSS “

** *“** ” “

MANY FROM ST. PETER

IN MANY LOW PLACES

its;

gpis

Interesting first page make-up of St. Peter (Minn.) Herald. Note
careful balancing of head-lines. We prefer to see a column of reading-
matter between head-lines, however, feeling that alongside, as here placed
in two instances, the effect produced is somewhat confusing to the reader.
In addition, headings alongside do not stand out as they would if each
were surrounded by a background of reading-matter.

would he but admit it. The lessor may accept a smaller
rental, but at the end of the lease period his plant is
returned to him as a “ pile of junk ” and he has had no
compensation for its depreciation.

The Two-Dollar Country Weekly.

There is a movement under way to make $2 the stand¬
ard price for a weekly newspaper the country over, and
already a considerable number of publishers have an¬
nounced a raise in subscription rate to that amount. Nev¬
ertheless, another considerable number of publishers are
still lagging along at the $1, $1.25 or $1.50 rates.

The public has become so accustomed to price advances
that it is in a state of mind to accept increased rates with
equanimity, and there is no denying the fact that the added
revenue is sorely needed to meet steadily advancing costs.
It is always desirable, when an advance in rates is
contemplated, that all the papers of a community join in
the movement. In this way fear of the effect on the sub¬
scription list is allayed — a fear which is usually ground¬
less, anyway. If any publisher has lost any considerable
number of subscribers on account of raising the subscrip¬
tion rate, he has kept very quiet about it. The $2 pub¬

lishers have done the talking and have had only good news
to tell. It would be wise to talk to one of them.

It is altogether likely that the majority of publishers,
however, will continue the $1.50 rate, and need not be
censured for so doing. Increased costs must be met, and
must be assessed against either the advertiser, the sub¬
scriber, or both, but whether against the one or the other,
or both, the publisher himself is the best judge. The
publisher who has kept tab on his costs week after week
and adjusted his advertising rate from time to time to
meet the advanced costs as they appeared, is not now
worrying about the outcome of a raise in subscription price.
And, to tell the truth, I have scant approval for the action
of the publisher whose print-paper costs him $2 or $3
more than it did two years ago blindly rushing into an
advance to a $2 subscription price. But I do favor the
rational adjustment of both subscription and advertising
rates so as to produce a profit at all times, and would
suggest that the class of papers most entitled to a $2
subscription rate are the small papers printing only four
pages at home. It is almost impossible to load enough
advertising at a compensatory rate into these papers to
make them pay out, and the subscriber should help carry
the burden.

The buying public is also beginning to ask that busi¬
ness men meet increased expenses in some other way than
by passing along the increase with a profit added, and for
that reason it may be wiser to make the subscription list
one hundred per cent efficient by requiring that all sub¬
scriptions be paid in advance than to advance the rate and
let it remain in a state of sixty per cent efficiency.

CONTEST IN AD-COMPOSITION.

Requests for another competition in the composition of
an advertisement have become so frequent and insistent
of late we are pleased to announce that arrangements

A Mighty

iiiSN Array ©f Bargains

Hear Them Shoot!!

“Over the Top”

MEN

It’s DEATH to Prices
on Suits 4 Overcoats

S,ST2i "

regular Block off era

Yotir opportunity to buy at
tree ie HERE and NOW. and
Reiolve now to be the first on hand when w

Over the Top” Prices
Men’s SUITS and
OVERCOATS

SSS? 14.50

A ESSSiiso

?:moo

Gw Boys’ sVh Specials

Striking clothier’s advertisement from the Charles City (Iowa) Press,
designed, we presume, by Ervin Baldwin, whose clever ad-composition
has been shown in The Inland Printer on numerous occasions.

have been made to conduct one, conditions on which are
as given below:

Copy. — Harvest dishes at bottom prices. Closing out
old patterns. Glass water sets. All styles and prices.
Glass tumblers from 3c up to 50c each. Jelly glasses and
jelly molds. Mason fruit jars and jar caps. Big assort-

THE INLAND PRINTER

387

ment of guaranteed aluminum-ware at reasonable prices.
Lemons, special price, 12 for 20c. Bishops’ China House.
Next to the biggest store in Monmouth. (Where sen¬
tences above are set in display lines, the compositor must
use his own good judgment as to capitalization.)

Size.— Two columns wide (26% picas) by 29 picas
deep.

Proofs. — Five press-proofs, printed in black on white
paper, to be mailed to Contest Editor, The Inland
Printer, 632 Sherman street, Chicago, Illinois, not later
than February 1, 1918.

Prizes. — First, three years’ subscription to The In¬
land Printer; second, two years’ subscription; third,
one year’s subscription.

The specimens will be judged on display, arrangement,
typography and, in fact, from every standpoint upon which
an advertisement may be judged, except copy. No restric¬
tions are placed on the kind or number of type-faces used,
but the importance of these points is apparent and the
judges will give due consideration to them in awarding
honors. The awards, in fact, will be made on general
effectiveness.

As stated above, the contest will close February 1, on
which date all entries, to receive consideration, must be
in the hands of the judges. The result will be announced
in the March issue of The Inland Printer, in which
number the prize-winners, as well as other specimens
entered, will be reproduced, constituting an interesting
and educational showing.

Show your mettle! Get in on this contest and see your
efforts alongside those of other workers in the newspaper
field. You will accomplish one of two things: receive
help yourself, or help others of your craft. Job-printers
are also invited to compete.

Remember, five press-proofs of your entry, printed on
white paper, must be mailed, as directed above, in time to
reach the office of The Inland Printer not later than
February 1, 1918.

REVIEW OF NEWSPAPERS AND ADVERTISEMENTS.

BY J. L. FRAZIER.

Cobb County News, Marietta, Georgia. — We admire the appearance
of your paper since you followed our suggestion and eliminated the wide
Cheltenham Bold from your news head-lines. Advertisements are nicely
arranged and effectively displayed, and presswork is very good indeed.

Bryan Automobile Company, Bryan, Texas. — The two-page spread
advertising Republic motor trucks, which appeared in the Standard late
in September, is effectively arranged and forcefully displayed. It should
prove a source of satisfaction to your company as well as to the pub¬
lishers of the newspaper.

We are reproducing herewith the interesting and well-balanced first
page of the St. Peter (Minn.) Herald, as an example of how pleasing the
results are when headings are arranged in orderly and symmetrical man¬
ner. Note in the illustration that added interest is gained by slight varia¬
tion in the styles of head-lines used, but note particularly their relative
positions and also that one heading is invariably balanced by another of
the same style.

Silver City Independent, Silver City, New Mexico. — The most pro¬
nounced of the many good features of your paper are clean presswork
and admirable first page make-up. On that the head-lines are large
enough to furnish the required amount of interest without being so large
as to appear out of place, and small enough that — arranged in an
orderly manner, as they are — the appearance is neat. On the inside
pages, the advertisements are largely pyramided on the right side, leav¬
ing the reading-matter at the left where it is most convenient for the
reader.

A. C. PRENDERGAST, Oakdale, California. — Your paper is well printed
— and from that standpoint satisfactory — but it is subject to improve¬
ment in other ways. The lines of your news-headings are crowded too
closely. Two-point leads between them in every instance would result in
a much more pleasing appearance and make them more easily read.
Advertisements average up well, but we feel sure you would be better
pleased if the pyramid make-up of inside pages had been followed. An

example of a page on which the advertisements and reading-matter are
made up in pyramid form was shown in the September issue.

Bert Mitchell, Carmi, Illinois.. — ■ Pardon the long delay in giving
attention to the advertisements sent us for review. Because of the neces-

COLWELL, IOWA

Wants Your Trade

P /in JI/TITOo 1 lus "L' rh'"n|"' IS 'iilv'ulcil (or YOU. It is
JV1 t\o rJiKJVlL,K* paid (or bv l lie business men of Colwell. Real it!

■e Way to ““jrnms iin,„ ■. .a.r . i
Greater <«<*'■"

- COLWELL. IOWA -

Colwell

Grain Exchange

THE FARMERS EQUITY

Colwell Crain Exchange

FARMERS
SAVINGS BANK

«■

R. W. SIMPSON

THRASHING HAS COMMENCED

10 rellr* f.»r

It Will Pay You to

Come to Colwell to do Your Trading

w Paul E. Artz ®, Go’s Zz

HARVEST SPECIALS

)9<

Special Notice

J. W. GREENWOOD

The

Daily Press

NILES CREAMERY

MODERN and
UP • TO, DATE

FRANK BRUNNER, Prorieiqr

Colwell is a small town near Charles City, Iowa, and the Press of the
latter has developed a nice page of advertising from the small city. Local
merchants do not always take kindly to this kind of advertising, but if
the towns are not rivals for trade the plan can often be followed to
advantage. If local merchants do not support the home paper as they
should, this idea offers the publisher a “ way out.”

sity of preparing copy well in advance, a longer period than we like
ensues between receipt of specimens and their review — but, in your
case, the exhibits were misplaced. The large advertisements are nicely
arranged. In department-store advertisements, however, where long lists
of items with prices are given, we like to see the prices brought out in
two-line figures at least. Such practice not only gives color and interest
to the display, but suggests to readers that the prices quoted are low —
and that psychological effect is worth while. We do not admire the sev¬
eral styles of display type used in the upper portion of the “ 41st Anni¬
versary Sale ” advertisement for L. Haas. These are not pleasing in
themselves ; and the several styles do not harmonize with each other,
further adding to the displeasing effect produced. They are crowded
also, which has the effect of making comprehension difficult.

The Routt County Sentinel, Steamboat Springs, Colorado. — -Your
paper, printed as a good book is printed, exceptionally clean and clear,
can not but please one who sees so many that are not well printed. The
first page would be more interesting in appearance if some larger head¬
ings appeared in the lower part of the page, the main line or lines of
which were set in eighteen-point of the same style of type as is used for
the head-lines appearing at the tops of alternate columns. With only the
four large headings across the top of the page, the lower part appears
bare. Advertisements are well displayed, but on the last page (October
12 issue) the advertisements are scattered, and worked to the corners,
instead of being massed in the lower right-hand corner of the page in the
approved pyramid style. Try that form of make-up for a week. See if
you do not like it.

Carl A. Smaby, Peterson, Minnesota. — The first page of the Herald
is nicely made up in spite of the difficulties offered by the long list of
names of those accepted for military service, or exempted from service
for cause. Make-up of inside is not bad, as there is a good massing of
reading-matter on all pages, even though on some the advertisements are
worked to the corners, instead of being massed at the right side and
bottom in pyramid form, which is the best form of make-up. A little
more impression and slightly more ink would have improved the press-
work on the copy sent us. Advertisements are really the weak feature of
your paper. The first and most pronounced fault in them concerns the
use of too many type-faces, which might have been unavoidable in part

388

THE INLAND PRINTER

because of equipment made up of small fonts of a variety of type-faces
instead of an equipment of large fonts of few faces. We note six type¬
faces in the ten lines of the small two-column advertisement for the
Whelan State Bank (issue of September 6). Several of these faces have
no characteristics in common, and some clash violently. The panel
around the name of the institution serves no useful purpose but has a
tendency to make the whole more complex. Why, also, the rule below
the name of the bank ? Other advertisements are well arranged. Before
you buy another small font or two of type, consider the advantages in
economy and appearance by having one standardized face of display type
in larger fonts than you could possibly afford to buy if you bought a
variety of styles in one size.

Twiggs County Citizen, Jeffersonville, Georgia. — The quarterly report
of the County Board of Commissioners is hardly the kind of matter that
should appear on the first page. Live news items concerning local affairs

use of plain rule borders would improve the appearance of your paper,
for some of the decorative borders are not pleasing — and the variety
constitutes a lack of pleasing harmony. A quite frequent fault is setting
the inside measure too wide, causing the type to crowd the borders at
sides and leaving white space all out of proportion from top to bottom.
In other cases the measure is set too narrow, and, as a consequence, the
crowding is apparent at top and bottom. Advertisements are often made
effective — and as often ruined — by the distribution of white masses.

J. W. Jones, Rigby, Idaho. — We, too, consider the register on the Star
exceptional, considering that it was run through the press twice. Do
you do that as a practice, or did you run only the copy sent us through
the second time? In either case something is wrong. It is rank extrav¬
agance to run the edition of a newspaper through the press a second time.
If you do not do that on all copies, then you are not printing them as
they should be printed, for there is little too much ink on the copy sent

i m&m FALL SUITS

Neatly 200 — Season, Bestfeo gt
I at Sharp Reductions

-r*: . 36.95 l

Match

TENTH

ANNIVERSARY SALE

The Boston Store will complete ten years of business existence

in Williston this week. Ten years of growth and service and we hope that we have deserved
your confidence and served well the many friends the Boston has made.

We arc going to make this tenth anniversary remembered. One of the most peculiar mer¬
chandising conditions that we have ever faced is before us right now. We have bought heavily
to protect our trade Irom war prices. We have been fortunate in getting a bigger percentage of
our orders than mapy other stores and for that reason, with the poor crops, backward season and
war conditions we have on hand twice as much merchandise as we need. On that account we
are going to have our annual sale at once rather than wait until November. We have absolutely
the finest ready to wear line in this section of the country and we are going to slice the profit to the quick-wc are going to
make you purchase your suit or coat here by giving you price temptations you cannot withstand, and we are going to do
this>at the height of the season when you need the goods and when you can get the most out of them. Come Saturday and
come every day because the selling will be brisk-'the line is complete and make the most of it now

First Day of Sale, Saturday, Oct. 13th

FALL COATS
Big Savings

Match

This

Prices Quoted Here Are Merely Samples. Entire Stock is Marked Away Under Ordinary Prices.

SILK BLOUSES

LADIES WOOL SWEATERS

_ 2.45

_ 3.95

;.a _ 5.85

_ 6.85

LINGERIE WASH BLOUSES

.95

rr 1.39

IT. 1.89

r.7 2.39

rr 2.95

Wool

Silk

Dresses

t J ; Dresses

u‘:~. 5.45 V

IP "Ks-rr, 1 11.45

7-45 k

l.lf “Eli— 14.45

1295 M

ULW - 16.95 ;

"::r- 14.95

19.45

trrrr. 19.95 *

fVj' 't:::-- 24.45

"XZT. 22.95

'■'"Vtj-' 26.95

WOOL WALKING SKIRTS

3.35

4.95
5.38

6.95

9.95
11.95

STREET HATS FOR LESS

MAIL ORDER CUSTOMERS

K AND COTTON PETTICOATS

- - .69

-u - 1.24

* - 1.69

T«». - v _ 2.95

~ - 3.48

^ - 4.85

S - - - _ 5.95

R APRONS AND HOUSE DRESSES

i*”4 - .69

- - .89

- - 1.29

:VERY POSSIBLE

The boston store

MAIL ORDERS WEI.COMED

129 Union Block

— NORTH DAKOTA J **"*

Ladies and Children's Munsing
Underwear to Close Out

Ladies Summer Union Suits

Orderly, well-balanced two-page spread from the Williston (North Dakota) Graphic, which illustrates the advantages of careful
arrangement of illustrations and the effectiveness of two-line prices.

would find a more ready acceptance by readers. Advertisements are very
poorly set. The use of so many styles of type in larger sizes than necessary,
resulting in congestion, and the emphasizing of too many lines, make the
advertisements as a whole uninteresting in appearance and difficult to
comprehend easily and clearly. Capitals should not be used for large
masses of reading-matter, for the reason that readers are not as accustomed
to reading those characters as they are lower-case, and the act is thereby
made difficult. A large display line in capitals is easily comprehended,
but a large number of capitals — large or small — is frightening to any
reader. Can an advertisement that impresses the reader by the difficulty
of reading bring results?

Williston Graphic, Williston, North Dakota. — Yours is an exception¬
ally fine paper in every respect. The advertisements are practically all
well designed, displayed and set, and the few exceptions, we infer, there¬
fore, “ came in at the last minute.” We are reproducing herewith a very
pleasing two-page spread, which goes a long way, we believe, toward
proving that bold type-faces are not essential to the composition of effec¬
tive advertisements.

The Foard County Index, Crowell, Texas. — We consider presswork on
your paper very good indeed. We note that some of your top-headings
are made up of only two large type-lines, set drop-line fashion, whereas
others have one subordinate deck. The appearance of the page would be
better if all were uniformly set with subordinate decks, as, without them,
the introduction to the story is made blunt. One can not carry as much
interest in the headings as is advisable with hut the two top lines.
Advertisements appear carelessly set, especially as regards spacing and
whiting out, although display is effective and not overdone. Consistent

us, which was run through press a second time. Advertisements are
well set. We do not admire the first page make-up. The principal fault
is with running the three single-column top-headings alongside each
other, thus creating a confusing effect. A column of reading-matter
should separate such headings so they will stand out, and to avoid the
complex appearance which results when they are in adjacent columns.
On a seven-column page such as yours you can start the page with a
heading and end with one, giving you a heading in every other column —
the best possible make-up. Some smaller display headings in the lower
part of the page would add interest and overcome the effect of top¬
heaviness, apparent when all the large headings appear at the tops of
columns.

Will O. Greene, Fairport, New York. — One glance at the Monroe
County Mail shows that it is ably edited, and a second that it is well
printed, though your body-type is badly worn. The thing that impresses
us most forcibly in this last connection is the excellence with which com¬
paratively fine-screen half-tones are printed on news-print. Make-up of
the first page in the copy sent us (issue of October 4) would be improved
if the half-tones in the upper corners were placed in the lower corners,
the half-tone which appears slightly above the center to be placed between
the other two and the boxed item should appear immediately above the
last named. As it stands, one does not grasp the fact that all three of
these are covered by the titular matter which appeal's in the panel. The
illustration of Mr. Thayer could be raised to within four or five inches
of the top of the second column, and the headings, which are guides to
the character of the news under each, could then occupy their proper
positions at tops of columns. Advertisements are exceptionally well

THE INLAND PRINTER

389

handled, and make-up of inside pages is satisfactory. We deplore the
fact that Beecham's Pills, because of the nature of the advertising sur¬
rounding — legals, having the appearance of text matter — is, in effect,
given “ island ” position. It would not stand out one bit more promi¬
nently had it been surrounded by actual reading-matter that is news.

Charles Height, Concordia, Kansas. — You are not getting the results
you should from the press you are using. It is too much to expect such
a press to do the quality of work done by a job cylinder, or even a drum
in good condition, owing to the fact that the pages are backed up almost
immediately after being printed on the first side, but the over-pale appear¬
ance of the two copies submitted leads us to suggest that you look for
the trouble and overcome it. First page make-up is neat and orderly,
proper care being given the matter of balancing the head-lines. The lack
of uniformity in the length of lines in the large headings suggests that
they were written without thought as to their appearance in type. In

a bad opinion of the paper as a whole. Publishers may consider that the
average person does not notice such things, but let them ask a few readers
and see. Of course, in some cases, this practice may have been in effect
so long on some papers that readers have ceased to take an interest in
them and will not be able to give an intelligent opinion. A clean first
page is not only in itself a thing the publisher may feel proud of, but
it does influence readers to consider the paper “ newsy.” They will want
it then instead of just taking it because “ it’s the town paper,” etc.
There is quite a variation in the quality of advertisements appearing in
the issue sent us. Some are quite effective in arrangement, and pleas¬
ing, too, in spite of the out-of-date, unattractive type-faces used, but others
are very unattractive in their disorderly arrangement, due to disregard
for proper distribution of white space and correct spacing of lines and
masses. Make-up of several inside pages is disorderly, due to the scat¬
tered arrangement of the advertisements. On page five of the issue men-

3U" | a, Great lO.day Event

WiUbaCtosed Jf 7fj£ of SJ1LES ,

All Bay 1
Wednesday
May 9 1

The Bargain Event of the Season

Jake (&> Bill’s Second Anniversary Sale

Anniversary Sale

300 BOY'S SUITS

Anniversary Sale

BOYS' New PALM BEACH SUITS

Opening Bay

SELLING BEGINS THURSDAY, MAY 10th

ENDING SATURDAY.' MAY 1 9th

MEN'S LEATHER Work CLOVES

RAINCOATS

For MEN and WOMEN

Men’s New Straw Hats

AU the New Shapes i

etfmversajySale

Our EtfFMSTOCK ©f Summer’s NEWEST STYLES

SHOES 4 OXFORDS

Women's 4 Misses’/
§S0ES sasS 0XFOI

te!as-:,2jj5

£§&§■» it

8?& . 2.69 LO

isas:*- . .

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Wa Sara Y« Bijsea 4 UoiUsu

e^mversar^Sale

Ciiife For Men 4 Young Men

Jl w w Specially Priced for the Big Anniversary Sale

A&mm&xy Safe ©f Mm’s Odd Pasts

Arasiversaay §ak Msa’s Latest Hsis

Men's pants. ti-CU veluc. Amvverwry Sale Price . -_$M9

Men'. Crushers. Si-as value*. Anniversary Sale Price - S 9»

Mena p Lb! Sj.ro valuev Annivereary Sale Price..'.—', i ll

Men'. Soil FeJi.ilpo valuc.^A nnivenary Sale-Price. ... MJ

Men-. pliua-Voo value.. Annivera*^ Sale Price . 14

Men's soil frit. $yqp valuer Anniversary Sale Pnce . *.J9

Strong and effective two-page spread from Charles City (Iowa) Press. Note how effectively stock illustrations are used. There
is a suggestion here which should help publishers to aid in making the publicity of their customers more profitable, thus suggesting
greater use of the local newspaper's columns. Of course, the advertiser buys the cuts ; the publisher simply suggests their value.

one we note that both of the large type-lines are full length ; in another
the first is very long and the second short and stubby ; in still another
the first line is quite short and the second full length, etc. A paper is
much more attractive in appearance when the two or three lines making
the first, or upper, deck of top-headings are maintained at uniform
length, say four-fifths as long as the column is wide. When two lines
make up the deck, the first is flush to the right, with white space equal
in width to one-fifth of the line at the end ; the second will be indented,
the white space appearing at the first end of the line, thus giving a
symmetrical, orderly and well-balanced deck. If there are three lines in
the deck, the first and last should be set as in a two-line deck, the middle
line being centered. The type used by you for the main decks is a little
too fat to allow of a well-written head-line of pleasing appearance. The
advertisements are just ordinary. They could not be called poor by any
one who has ever known what the conditions on such a paper as yours
are, and yet, by spending a little more time on them, mainly for greater
care in spacing and distribution of white space, they could be materially
improved.

Ervin Baldwin, Charles City, Iowa. — The display advertising that
appears each day in the Press is about the best we have seen in any small¬
town paper. Several striking advertisements are reproduced. Other pub¬
lishers of small-town papers, we believe, would do well to subscribe for
some good cut service which will help make the display more effective,
causing it to bring greater returns to the advertisers — and, consequently,
to the publishers.

The Sun, Vanceburg, Kentucky. — Why publishers will consent to have
their first pages cluttered up with display advertising is more than we
can understand. Why they will do this when there is ample space for
them inside is even more difficult to comprehend. Does the publisher
who allows it have to give the very life-blood of his paper to get an ad ?
A reader, picking up your issue of September 6, is bound to be impressed
with the lack of reading-matter on the first page and will thereby form

tioned, the proper pyramid make-up could have been obtained, with very
satisfactory results, by placing the short local notes, which appear below
the three columns of advertising, at the tops of those columns, forcing
the advertisements down. After finishing one column the reader natur¬
ally goes to the top of the succeeding column, and it is there the continu¬
ation of matter should be if confusion is to be avoided. Another thing
that is altogether wrong is to place any advertisement in “ island ” posi¬
tion, as the Cole two-inch display is placed on this particular page. That
advertiser would have no more had he bought the whole page. Some one
has said, “ Surrender your paper to the whims and fallacies of adver¬
tisers and soon you'll have no paper.” Your space is a commodity, and
the good will of your subscribers is what gives it greater or less value.
Remember that.

The Lodi Review , Lodi, Ohio. — In your issue of July 19 we note that
there are only about a column of advertisements on the last page, and
yet your first page is more than three-fourths filled with display adver¬
tising. This makes the first impression created by the paper uninterest¬
ing and unattractive. A clean first page is a newspaper’s crowning
glory and will go far toward popularizing it with the readers. Popular
with readers, circulation will grow and advertising will bring propor¬
tionately greater results, increase in value and bring a greater return to
the editor. What good is first-page position to an advertiser when his
advertisement thereon dominates the page, and readers, thirsty for the
week’s news events, turn past the first page into the paper, where they
hope to find that which they want — news ? Advertisements are poorly
set, there being so little distinction between important and unimportant
lines therein ; the points designed to attract the attention of and interest
the readers do not stand out. In addition, an effect of congestion and
complexity is given by the overlarge text-matter, which makes the adver¬
tisements quite displeasing and uninteresting. Have good contrast
between display and text, use ample white space to set off the display, and
the appearance and value of the advertisements will be improved.

□

PAY TILL IT HURTS

□

N' ,

We speak of the dead in hushed, low tones,

And honor them where they lie,

But what of the men with shattered bones,

Of the brave who can not die,

Under the smoke-black sky at night.

With scarcely breath to pray,

Men of your kind who fought your fight?

Then pay and pay and pay !

And who shall send to the brink of hell.

Where the wounded gasp and die,

The rose-red banner waving, tell,

Say who, but you and I ?

And who shall hurry the ambulance down

Through the dawn of blood-red day,

But you, my friend, and I ? Go on

And pay and pay and pay.

Then give if it needs of your last red cent,

Aye, out of your meanest mite !

And rouse you out of your sweet content

And hear ye the groans tonight !

For the half dead lie in the black shell scars,

With scarcely breath to pray,

And breathe their prayers to the mute, mute stars —
Then pay till it hurts, oh, pay !

•

JAY B. IDEN

In the

“ Kansas City Star”

THE I XL AND PRINTER

391

catalogue, a copy of which will be sent upon request.

“The Compositor’s Russian Primer.’’

This work is the latest addition to the De Montfort
Press series of technical books for the printing and kin¬
dred trades, published by Raithby, Lawrence & Co., En¬
gland, and is designed to assist those unacquainted with
the Russian language. It is especially intended for the
compositor, and is arranged so as to enable the average
compositor to acquire a good working knowledge of type¬
setting in Russian.

As stated in the foreword, “ No attempt is made to
teach Russian, but some practical hints are given, and the
specimens of Russian calligraphy, with explanations, will
be of great assistance to the novice.” The book contains
technical advice on the subject, which is not found in
Russian grammars. Included in the book are the Russian
alphabet, both roman and italic characters, with the En¬
glish equivalents; the “lays” of the cases; the monotype
keyboard, both the standard book layout, roman and italic,
and the standard jobbing layout; the written alphabet;
specimens of Russian manuscript, with explanatory re¬
marks and hints on reading, together with information
regarding vowels, semivowels and diphthongs, stress-
marks or accents, capitalization, word-divisions, quotation-
marks, punctuation, dates and figures, abbreviations, etc.

“ The Compositor’s Russian Primer,” by J. Stewart.
Thirty-seven pages, with index; cloth cover. Orders may
be placed through The Inland Printer Company.

“Plate Printing and Die Stamping.”

This new book, from the pen of Robert F. Salade, who
is well known as a writer of technical matter for the
printing-trade, goes fully into the subject of how to oper¬
ate a department for copperplate and steel-die engraving
and printing. Practically every printer is called upon at
some time or other to fill an order for this character of
work, and many maintain departments for its production.
This new volume, therefore, should be of interest and
assistance, and should find a ready market among those
operating such departments, those contemplating their in¬
stallation and those who simply want to familiarize them¬
selves with the subject.

Starting with an introductory chapter in which he
describes how the plate is printed and how die-stamping
is produced, Mr. Salade goes on through the various proc¬
esses, describing the equipment, engraving, printing, styles,
selling, prices, imitations, and closes with a chapter on
miscellaneous subjects connected with the work.

“ Plate Printing and Die-Stamping — How to Operate
a Department for Copperplate and Steel-Die Engraving
and Printing,” by Robert F. Salade, published by the
Oswald Publishing Company, New York. Seventy-four
pages, 5% by 7 inches, cloth, with illustrations, including

frontispiece showing specimens of standard engraved let¬
tering, and four full-page plates showing approved sizes
of cards and specimens of lettering in use. Price, $1 ;
postage, 10 cents extra. May be secured through The
Inland Printer Company.

“ Printer’s Ready Reckoner.”

This pamphlet, of thirty-two pages and cover, gives
tables showing the cost, by the thousand sheets, of 103
different weights of paper, from 8% to 148 pounds, at
prices ranging by quarter cents up to 40 cents a pound.
The tables are arranged with the ream weights at the top,
and the prices at the left-hand side. To find the price
of the number of sheets required for a job — for instance,
suppose the job calls for 420 sheets of 26% -pound paper
at 19 cents a pound; find the column headed 26%, run
down to the amount opposite 19, and it will be found that
1,000 sheets cost $10.07. Add the percentage for han¬
dling, say 25 per cent, which brings it up to $12.59. Mul¬
tiplying by .42 gives $5.29, the cost of 420 sheets to the
customer, or the price to be charged into the job.

The pamphlet is published by Fitch Brothers, printers,
Central City, Nebraska, and sells for 50 cents, postpaid.
Orders should be addressed to that firm.

“Women’s Work in War Time.”

With the large number of men being called to the col¬
ors, and many being diverted from their regular occupa¬
tions for work in plants that are furnishing the materials
of warfare, women are entering the ranks of industry as
never before in history. The ready response of the women
of other countries when the call came to fill the places
of the men who had gone to the front is too well known
to require comment here. The response from the women
of this nation will be no less ready and enthusiastic.
Already many women have taken up work which hereto¬
fore had been considered far beyond their physical possi¬
bilities, and as time goes on it may be necessary to call
more to take the places of men in different lines of work.

“ Women’s Work in War Time,” a pamphlet prepared
by W. Irving Bullard, manager of the textile department
of the Merchants National Bank, of Boston, has been pub¬
lished to assist manufacturers of this country in meeting
the shortage of labor. A large portion of the informa¬
tion has been obtained direct from the British Govern¬
ment and other authoritative sources, and the operation
of the leading industries in England wherein women have
replaced men is outlined, with the necessary changes to
meet industrial conditions in this country.

Copies of this pamphlet are being distributed gratui¬
tously to all industries, and can be secured by addressing
the Merchants National Bank, 28 State street, Boston,
Massachusetts.

392

THE INLAND PRINTER

Frederick J. Warburton.

Frederick J. Warburton, who, as
secretary-treasurer of the Mergen-
thaler Linotype Company, has con¬
tributed largely to the success of that
company, passed away on Friday,
November 2, after an illness of only
a few days. Mr. Warburton was in
his seventy-sixth year, and during his
long connection with the printing and
publishing field had formed a wide
circle of friends, all of whom mourn
his loss.

Born in Ireland in 1842, Mr. War¬
burton came to this country when a
boy. He received his early education
in the public schools, then studied law
and was admitted to the bar. He then
turned his attention to court report¬
ing for the newspapers, devoting a
number of years to this work. His
connection with the Mergenthaler
company dates back to the time of its
organization, in 1886, and he was
among the first to recognize the ad¬
vantages of the linotype in the print¬
ing and publishing field. During the
early days of his connection with the
company he was also treasurer and
director of the National Typographic
Company, which owned the foreign
patent rights of the linotype, and in
this work and also in his work as
attorney in civil litigation he won
many friends for the company.

Henry Woodruff Polhemus.

After fifty-five years of service with
the New York Evening Post, princi¬
pally on the real-estate staff, Henry
Woodruff Polhemus died on October
12 at his home in Brooklyn. He was
in his seventieth year, and was the
oldest employee of the newspaper.
Mr. Polhemus was first employed as
a carrier, later working in various
departments, the only interruption to
his service being when he went to the
front as a drummer boy with the
Home Guard during the Gettysburg
campaign.

For forty years Mr. Polhemus had
been in close touch with the real-
estate men of New York. He had
watched and chronicled the course of

events since the days when New York
was all down-town, and when prac¬
tically all transfers were made at
public auction sales. His probity of
character and sense of honor were so
well known to the real-estate brokers
that they did not hesitate to confide
in him.

G. H. Whitcombe.

The death of G. H. Whitcombe,
head of the well-known Australasian
firm of Whitcombe & Tombs, Limited,
which occurred at Christchurch, New
Zealand, on August 13, removes an
outstanding figure in the publishing
and bookselling world of the Antip¬
odes. His life story reads like a
romance and affords another instance
of the success of the pioneer who had
unbounded confidence in his new
country.

At sixteen years of age, seized with
the lust for adventure, he emigrated
to New Zealand. On his arrival he
found the Maoris in revolt against
the Pakehas, and Imperial regiments
were hard at work fighting in the
bush. To assist them the New Zea¬
land Government decided to raise a
Colonial force, to be known as the
Armed Constabulary, and young
Whitcombe enlisted. On his retire¬
ment from service he opened a small
bookselling shop in Christchurch, then
little bigger than a country village,
but now a city with a population of
90,000. A genial personality, with
an inborn love of literature and a
keen business instinct, he saw the
small establishment gradually grow
larger until it necessitated a partner.
Fortune continued to smile, and on
the partner’s retirement, Mr. Tombs,
who had a job-printing business, be¬
came a member of the firm. Some
years later Mr. Tombs retired and
the business was formed into a
limited-liability company, with Mr.
Whitcombe as managing director,
under the well-known title of Whit¬
combe & Tombs. Job-printing, book¬
selling and stationery businesses were
purchased at Dunedin, Wellington
and Auckland, and a branch was
opened at Melbourne, a buying and

publishing house at St. Andrews Hill,
London, and a purchasing agency in
New York.

The firm made a specialty of New
Zealand and Australian literature,
and the leading authors in the Antip¬
odes have submitted their work to its
editors. The text-books issued by
Whitcombe & Tombs are used exten¬
sively in schools and colleges through¬
out New Zealand and Australia, and
to a large extent in South Africa.
The firm’s publications range through
fiction, biography, history, poetry and
scientific works, to guide-books and
time-tables.

William Lane.

New Zealand lost another of its
leaders in the printing and publish¬
ing fraternity in the death of William
Lane, editor of the New Zealand Her¬
ald, which occurred on August 26.
Like that of G. H. Whitcombe, whose
passing is also recorded on this page,
the life of Mr. Lane presents the
story of the pioneer, full of romance
and constant application to purpose,
fighting his way forward in the face
of what many would consider insur¬
mountable difficulties.

Born in England on September 6,
1861, he went to Canada alone at the
age of fourteen and had a hard strug¬
gle in the northern provinces until he
found his true vocation in a news¬
paper office, where he started as a
compositor. Before he was twenty
years of age his literary ability had
attracted attention. After spending
a few years in journalism in both
Canada and the United States he
went to Australia, making his mark
in the newspaper field in Brisbane
almost immediately, his descriptive
writing soon becoming known through¬
out Australia.

After working on various papers,
Mr. Lane joined the staff of the New
Zealand Herald, resigning after a few
months for a second experiment in
labor journalism, but returning later.
He was a special writer until the
death of the former editor, W. S.
Douglas, in 1913, when he was ap¬
pointed to the editorship of the Herald.

THE INLAND PRINTER

393

TRADE NOTES

Brief mention of men and events associated with the printing and allied industries will be published under this heading. Items for this

department should be sent before the tenth day of the month.

A Correction.

Similarity in names caused an error
to appear in the notice which was
given in our last issue under the
heading, “ New York Firm to Make
Chalk Overlay Board.” This should
have been “ Washington Firm,” etc.,
as it is the R. P. Andrews Company,
of Washington, D. C., that is manu¬
facturing the overlay board referred
to. The error was caused by the fact
that there is a firm in New York
city bearing the title, H. P. Andrews
Paper Company, and the names of the
cities became “ mixed in the case ”
when the note was written. We re¬
gret the error, and trust our readers
will bear this in mind and send in¬
quiries regarding the overlay board
to the company in Washington, D. C.

Portland Branch, American Type
Founders Company, Moves
Into New Quarters.

A neat folder received by The In¬
land Printer announces the fact
that the Portland, Oregon, branch
of The American Type Founders
Company has moved from 92 Front
street to 47 Fourth street, in which
new location the company can make a
better showing of increasing lines and
render even better service to custom¬
ers than formerly. In the new offices
many new cut-cost devices in com¬
posing-room equipment are shown and
a large exhibit of the company’s
standard products is maintained.

U. G. Baker Buys Pennsylvania
Newspaper.

U. Grant Baker, since 1907 editor
of the Towanda (Pa.) Daily Review,
which has the distinction of having
the largest circulation of any daily
paper in the world published in a
town having a population of less than
5,000, has purchased the Transcript
at Susquehanna. The property in¬
cludes the Evening Transcript, an
afternoon paper, and the Weekly
Ledger. Mr. Baker, who has had
twenty-three years’ experience in all
departments of the business, plans

many improvements, including a spe¬
cial news service by direct wire, type¬
setting machines, etc. The change
became effective November 1. The
Review, his old paper, has a circula¬
tion of nearly 4,500, which is truly
remarkable when it is taken into con¬
sideration that the population of To¬
wanda is but 4,280.

The “Typothetae Girls” of Detroit
Doing Their Bit.

A commendable movement, one that
can be copied elsewhere, has been
started by the young ladies in the
employ of members of the Typothetae-
Franklin Association of Detroit.
These young ladies have organized a
knitting class, calling themselves
the Typothetse Girls, meeting each
Wednesday evening in the offices of
the organization. Sweaters, scarfs
and wristlets are knitted by them and
sent for distribution among the print¬
ers from their district who have
joined the forces of Uncle Sam. Any
of the members of the organization
desiring to send articles of this char¬
acter to their employees who are in
the service of the country can do so
by furnishing the necessary yarn,
which is bought at wholesale by the
organization — the Typothetae Girls
will do the knitting. Many of the
young ladies who have been unable to
attend the meeting on Wednesday eve¬
nings have taken the material and
done the knitting at home. At the
last report, November 10, forty-one
pairs of wristlets and three sweaters
had been knitted, and we are advised
that these numbers have been greatly
increased since that time.

Craig-Finley & Co. Fifty Years Old.

December of this year marks the
fiftieth “ birthday ” of Craig-Finley
& Co., printers and lithographers,
Philadelphia. This firm has been in
successful business for the last half
century, and today the plant is one
of the best of its kind in the United
States. The original members of the
company were James G. Finley, office

and business manager; James Fer¬
guson, a practical lithographer, and
William Craig, a practical printer.
Mr. Finley is now the only living
member of the firm, Messrs. Ferguson
and Craig having died some years
ago. Mr. Finley has been active in
the business for the past fifty years,
and still goes to the office every day,
giving personal attention to many
things of importance.

The company’s first plant was
opened at Eleventh and Chestnut
streets. Later on a larger business
was developed at 1020 Arch street.
Some years afterward it became nec¬
essary to take larger quarters at 147
North Twelfth street. Five years ago
a still more spacious place was se¬
cured at the present location, where
more than 15,000 square feet of floor
space is occupied by the offices and
mechanical departments. Three en¬
tire floors of the building are being
used for the production of lithography
and printing.

Bruce Rogers at Cambridge University.

On October 1 Bruce Rogers as¬
sumed the superintendency of the
typographic department of the Cam¬
bridge University Press. This is one
of the oldest presses in England, hav¬
ing been established in 1534. After
leaving the Riverside Press, at Cam¬
bridge, Massachusetts, he went to En¬
gland to associate himself with Emory
Walker, at Hammersmith, where Wil¬
liam Morris established the Kelmscott
Press.

The Pitt Press, where printing is
done at Cambridge University, is in a
large Gothic building forming three
sides of a square. It was opened in
1834, and contains a typefoundry as
well as facilities for doing almost
any kind of high-grade printing, most
of it being on learned and classical
works. In normal times, about three
hundred hands are employed, but the
war has cut that number down about
one-half.

Mr. Rogers took with him from this
country commissions for printing pri-

394

THE INLAND PRINTER

vate books for the Grolier Club, New
York, and for a book-lover. These he
will be able to look after in a private
printery which he intends to estab¬
lish outside the university, but four
days in the week being given to his
duties at the university. Those who
have watched Mr. Rogers’ progress
from the days when he began work on
the Indianapolis News will wish him
all manner of success.

Ludlow Typograph Company
Opens Chicago Office.

From the Ludlow Typograph Com¬
pany comes the announcement that it
is again selling its machines direct to
printers and publishers, and that it
has opened a general sales office in
the Old Colony building, Chicago.
Carl Horix, who has been identified
with the company since its inception,
has been appointed sales manager.
The Mergenthaler Linotype Company
will continue selling the machines
throughout the country, and will be
the exclusive selling agent for the
Pacific Coast States.

New Keystone Manager.

J. H. Taylor has been appointed
manager of the Keystone Type Foun¬
dry Supply House, of Philadelphia.
Mr. Taylor is a practical printer by
trade. As an apprentice he worked
in several shops in Grand Rapids,
Michigan, eventually starting in busi¬
ness for himself at Grand Rapids.
The establishment was continued for
about ten years; then, on account of
ill health, Mr. Taylor gave up the
business and started on the road as
a traveling salesman for the Keystone
Type Foundry. In 1905 a Keystone
branch house was opened in Detroit,
Michigan, and he was appointed dis¬
trict manager. In 1908 he was moved
to take charge of the Keystone office
in San Francisco. After a year’s
work on the coast, he was ordered
back to his old position in Detroit.
In 1914 he was instructed to take the
managership of the Keystone Chi¬
cago branch. The year 1917 found
him again in San Francisco, where
he handled all of the Pacific coast
business and that west of the Rock¬
ies for the company. When the
change took place in the Keystone
Company, on September 1, 1917, and
when the title of the concern became
“ The Keystone Foundry Supply
House,” Mr. Taylor was sent east to
take the management of the Phila¬
delphia main office. Mr. Taylor has
traveled all over the United States
in the interests of the Keystone, and
he has a host of friends.

Altoona, Pennsylvania, “ Mirror”
Workers Have Big Time on
81st Birthday of Boss.

Harry Slep, president of the Mir¬
ror Printing Company and the Al¬
toona Mirror, Altoona, Pennsylvania,
recently passed his eighty-first birth¬
day, and, as other anniversaries —
among them the founding of the Mir¬
ror job-office, the forerunner of the
paper, which occurred October 21,
1872 — came due about the same time,
it was decided to hold a birthday
party in celebration of the events.
On Saturday evening, October 20,

Harry Slep.

eighty employees and associates met
with the “ boss ” at a local cafe to
celebrate the several events. An elab¬
orate menu — accompanied by orches¬
tral music — was served at eight
o’clock, following which there was a
■ season of speechmaking and a gen¬
eral good time. Mr. Slep, the octo¬
genarian employer, was the leading-
orator, his subject, “ The Realization
of a Dream — - a Glance Backward
and a Vision of the Future,” allowing
him full opportunity to give his hear¬
ers some of the conclusions of a ripe
experience. Mr. Slep spoke entertain¬
ingly of his youth, his school days,
his work as a printer’s apprentice,
and of his determination to own a
newspaper. Here, indeed, was one of
the keynotes of his address, for,
throughout, he hammered home the
fact that without determination there
can be no success. In the course of
his remarks Mr. Slep disclosed the
fact that in his long life he had been
out of employment but two months.
He emphasized the importance of an

education, and offered to pay the tui¬
tion fees of any employee who desired
to attend night school.

Mr. Slep is held in high esteem by
all with whom he comes in contact,
especially by his business associates
and employees, and his remarks, of
course, fell into willing ears.

E. Lawrence Fell’s Birthday.

E. Lawrence Fell, president of the
Franklin Printing Company, Phila¬
delphia, and a leading officer of the
United TypothetEe and Franklin Clubs
of America, celebrated his fiftieth
birthday on October 15. Telegrams
from well-known master printers and
other friends from all parts of the
country poured into Mr. Fell’s office
on that day. More than forty tele¬
phonic messages of congratulation
were also received. His friends in
Boston sent him a handsome fur coat.
Flowers and other tokens of esteem
came from other friends. The best
of it all was that the things came
as surprises to Mr. Fell; he had ex¬
pected nothing unusual when he went
to his office on that morning to get
down to business as usual.

Henry Allen Suffers Serious
Accident.

Friends of Henry Allen, of the
W. J. Hartman Company, Chicago,
associate editor of the Ben Franklin
Monthly, and former secretary of the
old Ben Franklin Club of America,
will be sorry to learn of the serious
accident he recently sustained on the
golf links. Mr. Allen, regretting his
inability to write all inquiring friends
personally, has written The Inland
Printer, in part, as follows:

“ On November 4, I sustained a
compound fracture of my left arm,
between the shoulder and elbow. I
was playing golf at the Windsor Golf
Course, when I caught the spikes in
my shoes and fell with my arm
against the lockers. I was taken to
the Washington Park Hospital and
the bone was set. Later it was found
that the big nerve controlling all the
muscles had been caught, and there
was nothing to do but to open the
arm up. The eminent surgeon, Dr.
William Schrader, operated. The
bones were riveted together with sil¬
ver bands; and the nerve was found
to be bruised, but not severed. I hope
to be about at work again in a week
or so.”

Mr. Allen was taken to Wesley
Memorial Hospital for the second
operation, where he was convalescing
at the time this section of The In¬
land Printer went to press.

THE INLAND PRINTER

395

John C. Backert, New York City,
Announces the “ Junior Bull
Dog” Trimmer.

John C. Backert, Tribune building,
New York city, has announced to the
trade that he is now in a position to
supply a new lead, slug, rule and cut
trimming machine, which he has
named the “Junior Bull Dog,” per-

The “Junior Bull Dog,” a Bench Machine lor
Trimming Slugs, Rules and Cuts, Re-
cently Placed on the Market
by John C. Backert.

haps because it has many of the fea¬
tures of the larger machine, the
“ Bull Dog.” In producing the
“Junior,” Mr. Backert’s object was to
supply the demand for a trimming-
machine in the smaller plants, and in
others, larger, perhaps, where the
amount of trimming to be done would
not warrant the expense of a larger
machine. The “ Junior ” is a bench
machine, as will be seen by the illus¬
tration, and is supplied ready to be
•clamped to any suitable bench or
table. The motor, which is sold with
the trimmer, may be attached to the
nearest electric-light socket. Print¬
ers who have hesitated to buy a trim¬
mer because of the expense of larger
machines, might find this latest pro¬
duction of Mr. Backert’s interesting,
and a profitable investment. Details
of construction and price may be ob¬
tained by addressing the manufac¬
turer at the address given.

forced by the enthusiastic comments
of W. W. Loomis, of La Grange, and
John Phillips, of the Morgan Park
Weekly Review.

Following the business session, an
elaborate vaudeville entertainment,
furnished by employees of the Chi¬
cago Telephone Company, was en¬
joyed, and the orchestra of the same
company furnished music throughout
the evening. Interspersed in the pro¬
gram were speeches by Mr. Weiden,
chief of the Publicity Department of
Peoples Gas Light & Coke Company;
Hon. Peter Reinberg, chairman of the
Board of Commissioners of Cook
County, and Congressman Niels Juul.

Chicago Paper-Dealers Start Move¬
ment for Conservation.

A movement started on November
1 by the paper-dealers of Chicago is
deserving of high commendation and
should receive the hearty considera¬
tion and support, not only of the local
users of paper, but those in all parts
of the country. This movement is set
forth in the following petition, signed
by the leading paper-supply houses of
the city, and sent to all the local
printers :

In harmony with the expressed design of the
National Government for the conservation of all
resources of the country, including man-power,
by the elimination of waste and unnecessary
effort, we ask your earnest cooperation and
submit for your consideration and observance
the following:

Consolidate your orders and enter them as far
in advance of your requirements as possible,
thereby avoiding special or rush deliveries.

given verbally. All goods should be carefully
checked and examined before being cut, ruled,
printed or manufactured.

Where practicable, confine your specifications
to stock sizes and weights, bearing in mind that
on special-making orders mill-trade customs
prevail.

Your compliance with these suggestions will
result in our mutual betterment.

The Challenge Machinery Company
Announces New Press.

The Lee Job and News Press is the
name of the new seven-column folio,
two-revolution press just placed on
the market by The Challenge Ma¬
chinery Company, of Grand Haven,
Michigan.

The manufacturers state that this
machine is designed especially to meet
the demand of the small city and
country publisher for a low-priced
press that will print two pages of a
six or seven column newspaper, and,
in addition, handle the general run
of job-printing usually turned out in
such plants.

The new Lee Job and News Press
was designed by press experts who
knew the wants of the class for which
it was built. Every demand for an
economical press has been fulfilled, we
are advised, and no item, from its
low first cost, $975, to the simplifica¬
tion of parts and economy of mainte¬
nance, has been overlooked. The Lee
presses now being shipped are im¬
proved to the minute and every part
standardized, or, in other words, made
strictly interchangeable. The neces¬
sity of having a press that would be

The New Lee Job and News Press.

Cook County Printers and Editors
Join National Editorial

Association.

On Saturday, November 3, at a
meeting of the Cook County Press
Club, an organization of local news¬
papers published in and adjoining
Cook County, Illinois, the members
unanimously voted to join the Na¬
tional Editorial Association. The
advisability of joining the national
body was urged by Benjamin S.
Herbert, editor of The Ravenswood
Citizen and the National Printer-
Journalist, and his points were en¬

Urgent orders placed in the afternoon for
delivery early in the morning should be received
not later than 4 p.m.

When placing orders, please be explicit as to
size, weight, finish and color ; if representative
samples have been obtained and approved, then
reference to same should be made.

RETURNING OF MERCHANDISE GREATLY INCREASES
OVERHEAD FOR BOTH BUYER AND SELLER.

All stock returned involves extra handling,
additional cartage and increased clerical labor.

When stock is not returned in good mer¬
chantable condition, it necessitates recounting,
resealing, relabeling and frequently repacking.

No merchandise should be returned except by
previous arrangement and mutual agreement,
nor held for return longer than thirty days.

Orders for ruling, cutting and all manufac¬
turing should be written and not telephoned nor

simple to operate, so that pressmen of
limited experience could handle it,
was constantly before the designers
and builders.

The press, we are told, has been
subjected to the most severe tests of
heavy forms and continuous running
— equal to five years’ hard usage in
the average shop.

The manufacturers state that the
press possesses a strong, rigid im¬
pression, two form-rollers, rack and
screw, and table distribution, front
fly or clean-side-to-fly delivery, will
register perfectly and will operate

396

THE INLAND PRINTER

smoothly and quietly at a speed of
1,800 impressions per hour.

The manufacturers will be glad to
send full particulars to all parties
interested.

Monotype Company Divides
New York-Boston District.

The Lanston Monotype Machine
Company has announced the separa¬
tion of its New York-Boston district
into two divisions, which will be
known as the New England district
and the New York district. This
move has been made to enable the
company to better handle and care
for its great increase of business in
this territory. The New England dis¬
trict will be in charge of Russell L.
Davis, who has been assistant man¬
ager at the Boston office, and the New
York district will be under the super¬
vision of Richard Beresford, who has
been manager of the combined dis¬
tricts since November 1, 1916.

John Thomson Press Company Sends
Out a New Folder on the
Laureate Press.

Within the last few weeks the John
Thomson Press Company, with houses
in New York city, Philadelphia, Chi¬
cago, Boston, Buffalo and Cincinnati,
has sent out to a large list of print¬
ers a folder reciting the adaptability
of its Laureate press for printing
half-tones on rough stock. In addi¬
tion to the text of the folder, sev¬
eral large half-tones are admirably
printed thereon, which not only show
the advantages of this style of print¬
ing to good effect, but, at the same
time, demonstrate that the work can
be done exceptionally well on the
Laureate. Printers who want to keep
abreast of the times should investigate
this new form of illustration and
write for the folder if they have not
already received a copy.

Territory Assigned Executive
Committeemen of United
Typothetae of America.

At a recent conference of the execu¬
tive officers of the United Typothetas
of America, the United States and
Canada were subdivided into districts,
to intensify effort and secure maxi¬
mum results in organization extension
work. This will be accomplished
through the cooperation of the mem¬
bers of the Executive Committee, who
can supplement the efforts of the na¬
tional office in the territory which
they represent. Members are invited
to study the accompanying map, with
its divisions, and acquaint themselves

with their respective committeemen,
as given below:

Washington, Montana, upper Idaho (north
of Tahoe), Alberta and British Columbia — -
Pliny L. Allen, 117 Columbia street, Seattle,
Washington.

Kansas and Oklahoma — D. A. Brown, Sev¬
enth and Central streets, Kansas City, Missouri.

Missouri and Arkansas — Albert E. Buss,
2704 Pine street, St. Louis, Missouri.

Texas and New Mexico — Ennis Cargill, The
Cargill Company, Houston, Texas.

Tennessee and Alabama — W. E. Craig, 309
Fifth avenue, North, Nashville, Tennessee.

Connecticut and Rhode Island — John R.
Demarest, 246 Meadow street. New Haven,
Connecticut.

Western Pennsylvania (exclusive of Harris¬
burg) and western New York (west of Elmira)
— - George R. Dorman, 947 Liberty avenue,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont and Massa¬
chusetts — ■ Albert W. Finlay, 272 Congress
street, Boston, Massachusetts.

California, Nevada and Arizona — Fletcher
Ford, First and Rio streets, Los Angeles, Cali¬
fornia.

Ohio — George M. Gardner, Caxton building,
Cleveland, Ohio.

Indiana and Kentucky — • A. M. Glossbrenner,
State House square, Indianapolis, Indiana.

West Virginia, Virginia and North Carolina
• — - G. G. Gooch, Jr., Stone Printing Company,
Roanoke, Virginia.

Eastern New York (east of Elmira) — Wil¬
liam Green, 627 West Forty-third street, New
York city.

Maryland and Delaware and Washington.
D. C. — George K. Horn, Holliday and Hillen
streets, Baltimore, Maryland.

Georgia, South Carolina, Florida — John A.
Hutton, 10 Whitaker street. Savannah, Georgia.

Oregon and Idaho (south of Tahoe) — E. H.
James, 50 First street, Portland, Oregon.

Eastern Pennsylvania (inclusive of Harris¬
burg) — - Charles L. Kinsley, 420 Sansom street,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Wisconsin and upper Michigan — H. W. J.
Meyer, 116 Michigan street, Milwaukee, Wis¬
consin.

Lower Michigan — William V. Parshall, 63
Fort street, Detroit, Michigan.

Louisiana and Mississippi — William Pfaff,
724 Perdido street. New Orleans, Louisiana.

Nebraska and Iowa — Joe B. Redfield, Tenth
and Douglas streets, Omaha, Nebraska.

North and South Dakota — Eugene Saenger,
Brown & Saenger, Sioux Falls, South Dakota.

Minnesota — - F. J. Scott, Edison building,
Minneapolis, Minnesota.

Colorado, Utah and Wyoming — B. F. Scrib¬
ner, 112 West Third street, Pueblo, Colorado.

Illinois — William Sleepeck, 418 South Mar¬
ket street, Chicago, Illinois.

Canada (Saskatchewan and east) — -John
Stovel, Stovel Company, Winnipeg, Canada.

New Jersey — -John S. Watson, 160 Maple
street, Jersey City, New Jersey.

A Novel War-Fund Club Formed in
Large New York Plant.

The Inland Printer is in receipt
of a letter from Edmund Sinclair, of
the Sinclair & Valentine Company,

New York city, advising us that a
novel form of war relief has been
started in the plant of the United
States Printing & Lithograph Com¬
pany, of that city. He also enclosed
a small circular, such as was placed
in the pay-envelopes of employees of
the large printing concern, describing
the plan. The club which has been
started is named the “American Five
Cents More War Fund Club.” The
whole idea is to give those who are
unable to subscribe to government
bonds, or to assist in other relief
funds in the usual amounts, to do
their bit. The plan, it seems, is an
excellent one, as it gives many an
opportunity to help in war relief who,
otherwise, would be denied. The in¬
troduction of the circular reads as
follows :

One of our girls in the factory said : “ We

want to do our part ; we can not subscribe to
the bonds: what can we do?” This gave us
a splendid idea — just listen how it works out :
If each member of our organization in the
Brooklyn factory will contribute 5 cents every
week, see how rapidly the seed will grow, and
from the original 5-cent suggestion we will have
created a fund of from $30 to $35 per week
which can continue for the duration of the war.
How little it is for each one to contribute, but
how great the good to be accomplished. With
the money we raise we will purchase yarn, and
as the girls have so splendidly volunteered to do
the real work, through the knitting club which
they have organized, it makes it so easy for you
to do your part. In addition to the work that
the girls will do in their club, they will ask the
married men who have daughters, as well as

Map Showing Division of Country Into Districts for Facilitating Work
of the United Typothetae of America.

THE INLAND PRINTER

397

wives, who can knit, if they will volunteer to
assist in the knitting. The committee will ar¬
range to have the contributions collected each
Wednesday morning. When you have given all
that you think you can possibly give, you can
still give five cents more.

While the entire issue of the sec¬
ond Liberty Loan has been sold, the
probability of another early next year
makes the plan followed by the Sin¬
clair & Valentine Company in ena¬
bling its employees to purchase bonds
interesting to other operatives in the
graphic-arts field. A letter from that
company describes the plan as follows :

“ To stimulate the sale of the Lib¬
erty Loan among its employees, the
Sinclair & Valentine Company is
offering bonds on a basis of 50 cents
per week, with interest from date of
issue. This plan gives the buyer two
years in which to complete payments
on a $50 bond. The company hopes
that this method will also encourage
the habit of saving among its men.”

A. M. Collins Manufacturing Com¬
pany Has New Offerings for
the Printing-Trade.

The Inland Printer has received
from the A. M. Collins Manufactur¬
ing Company, Philadelphia, Pennsyl¬
vania, a sample-book showing the
seven colors and the two surfaces of
a new cover-stock, Velumet. This
new product of the Collins mills is
unlike anything we have heretofore
seen in cover-paper — and its distinc¬
tion lies in the fact that its soft, ex¬
quisite texture gives it a “ feel ” and
appearance suggestive of rich, hand¬
worked leather. The name, “ Velu¬
met,” is a good one, for the stock does
suggest velvet. Printers who are de¬
sirous of putting something distinctly
new in the hands of customers, or
who realize the necessity for quality
in modern printed advertising, would
do well to obtain the sample-book re¬
ferred to above and familiarize them¬
selves with the possibilities offered by
this beautiful new cover-stock.

Since Velumet was announced to
the trade, the Collins organization
has brought out another noteworthy
product — “Oak Leaf Overlay Paper,”
a heavily coated, etchable paper in¬
tended for making overlays to be used
for half-tone and color-process print¬
ing. As the paper may be etched on
either side, or on both sides, overlays
of various depths can be produced to
suit all practical requirements.

We are advised by the manufactur¬
ers that this overlay paper has been
subjected to the most severe tests on
modern high-speed printing-presses,
and has been found to retain perfect

We suggest that our readers get on
the Collins mailing-list, if not already
there, and, especially, that they obtain
samples and prices on these two new
“ Oak Leaf ” brands.

United Typothetae of America
News Notes.

Secretary Joseph A. Borden re¬
turned to national headquarters dur¬
ing the past few weeks, after a

New Emblem of the United Typothetae
of America.

month spent in the far West and
Pacific Coast States. Enthusiastic
meetings were held in every city vis¬
ited. Secretary Borden reports that
printers are keen for organization
work, realizing that only through
local and national organization ac¬
tivities can they be benefited by co¬
operative effort. All indications are
that the coming year will see the big¬
gest membership increase in the his¬
tory of the national organization.

Field Representative Harry S. Stuff
has been spending the past few weeks
in Denver, assisting the printers to
organize their local association on
a permanent basis. Representative
Stuff reports that the printers all
realize the necessity of a strong or¬
ganization, and that while matters
are still in a formative stage, it will
not be long before Denver will be rep¬
resented by a local Typothetae.

Field Representative J. E. Hillen-
brand, who is representing the organ¬
ization on the Pacific coast, is at
present engaged extending organiza¬
tion work throughout the State of
California. While the national or¬
ganization has many individual mem¬
bers on the coast, there are few local
Typothetae organizations in that sec¬
tion, but it is to be hoped that through
the service of a field man many local
associations will become affiliated
with the national body, for surely
best results can not be obtained un¬
less the efforts are directed along the
same standard uniform lines set forth
by the national organization.

The proceedings of the thirty-first
annual convention will be given in
the December issue of the Typothetae
Bulletin. This is the only medium
through which they will be printed
this year, and the members are urged

to preserve their copies for future
reference.

Resolutions of appreciation of ser¬
vice rendered were presented to Fred
L. Smith, of Minneapolis, upon his
voluntary retirement from the Execu¬
tive Committee. Mr. Smith has ably
served the organization many years.

The November issue of the Typoth¬
etse Bulletin contains several articles
of importance to the printing craft.
A digest of the War Tax Law affect¬
ing the printing industry is given. A
ruling as to the proper clause to be
placed on invoices under the Federal
Child Labor Act and other items of
a legal aspect are presented. This
information is so valuable that every
printer should have it. Non-members
of the organization can obtain copies
by writing direct to headquarters,
550 Transportation building, Chicago.

Committee Appointments of Frank-
lin-Typothetae of Chicago

The Executive Board of the Frank-
lin-Typothetse of Chicago has an¬
nounced the following appointments
for the various standing committees
for the coming year:

Trade Matters. — W. J. Hartman,
chairman; Otto A. Koss, vice-chair¬
man; F. B. Cozzens, William East¬
man, Thomas H. Faulkner, J. F.
Holmes, Edwin Lennox, Arthur J.
Lloyd, John J. Miller, James H.
Rook, James H. Walden.

Cost. — J. Harry Jones, chairman;
P. I. Tallman, vice-chairman; N. A.
Carbery, J. H. Crow, John B. Foley,
J. E. Gleeson, J. W. Hutchinson,
R. J. Kane, R. A. Morgan, F. W.
Smith, C. P. Weil.

Credit. — Morton S. Brookes, chair¬
man ; J. H. Kirchner, vice-chairman ;
W. A. Grant, M. H. Kendig.

Legislation. — James Hibben, chair¬
man ; T. E. Donnelley, vice-chairman ;
H. W. Campbell, Cecil Emery, Harry
Hillman, Morris Klein, B. C. Pitts-
ford, William F. Whitman.

Membership. — S. B. Weinberger,
chairman; E. W. Kirchner, vice-
chairman; D. H. Dryburgh, W. R.
Goodheart, Harlo Grant, D. W.
Mathews, J. L. Schmitz, John J.
Smith, E. A. Bloom, F. J. Hagen.

Entertainment. — W. H. Sleepeck,
chairman; L. Wessel, Jr., vice-chair¬
man ; Charles H. Kern, W. E. Kier,
James T. Igoe, C. J. McCarthy, H. L.
Ruggles, H. A. M. Staley.

Committee appointments for the
Machine Composition Division of the
organization have also been an¬
nounced, these being as follows:

Cost. — J. H. Walden, chairman;
L. M. Cozzens, E. J. McCarthy.

398

THE INLAND PRINTER

Metal. — D. W. Mathews, chair¬
man; H. I. Wombaeher, D. H. Mal-
lielieu.

Depreciation. — H. I. Wombaeher,
chairman ; A. R. Buckingham, F.
Hildman.

Trade Matters. — Cecil Emery,
chairman; J. H. Walden, W. F.
Barnard.

Credits. — J. H. Crow, chairman ;
Sam Simon, Hugh Brady.

Insurance. — C. L. Just, chairman ;
J. W. Hutchinson, J. J. Smith.

Organize tion (Local) . — Morris
Klein, chairman; J. J. Smith, D. W.
Mathews.

Organization (National).— E. J.
McCarthy, chairman; J. H. Crow,
J. I. Oswald.

Program. — W alter C. B 1 e 1 o c h ,
chairman; John I. Oswald, Harry
Hillman, W. F. Barnard.

Philadelphia Craftsmen Have Big
Meeting.

More than one hundred members
and guests were present at the
monthly meeting and dinner of the
Philadelphia Club of Printing House
Craftsmen, held on Thursday evening,
November 8. Among the guests were
a special delegation from the New
York Craftsmen’s Club. There were
a number of unusual features, which
made this meeting one of the best
in the history of the organization.

As a particular honor, the meeting
and dinner were dedicated to Samuel
R. Carter, superintendent of the
Feister-Owen Press. This was done
in view of the fact that Mr. Carter
has resigned his position and is mov¬
ing with his family to Rochester, New
York. Mr. Carter was one of the
charter members of the club, and has
been one of the Board of Governors
for the past eight years. He has
done splendid work for the association,
and the members sincerely regret that
he is leaving the Quaker City.

Charles W. Smith, president of the
club, made a touching address as he
presented a handsome engrossed set
of resolutions, signed by every mem¬
ber, to Mr. Carter. A rising vote of
thanks was given by all who were
present, in appreciation of Mr. Car¬
ter’s work, and by a unanimous vote
he was made a life member.

The next event on the program was
a lecture, entitled “A Message from
the Trenches,” by Lieutenant H. B.
Pepler, M.C., of the Nineteenth Ca¬
nadian Battalion. The officer told in
a humorous and interesting manner
how things are going on “ over there,”
basing his remarks on his own per¬
sonal experience.

The next meeting and dinner of the
Philadelphia Club of Printing House
Craftsmen will be held at the Hotel
Bingham on Thursday evening, De¬
cember 13. Special speakers and a
fine entertainment will be assured.

American “Jackies” Take Their
Printer with Them.

Even the “Jackies” at sea find it
impossible to get along without their
printer and must needs take one with
them when they go fishing for “ subs.”
This is evidenced by a report from
the base American flotilla in British
waters, which appeared in a recent
issue of the Chicago Tribune:

“ The flotilla printer is one of the
busiest Americans here. He is a na¬
tive of Chicago and holds a card in
Typographical Union, No. 16, of that
city. ‘ Skee ’ from ‘ Chi,’ he is called
by the bluejackets, who seem to have
a nickname for everything.

“ ‘ Skee ’ does not go to sea. He
works on board a vessel that swings
at a buoy in this port. From morn¬
ing till night he is kept busy on the
avalanche of orders that come rolling-
in for printed stuff for the whole flo¬
tilla. Of late he has been doing some
work for the British naval forces.
His workroom resembles a small
jobbing-office, and is tucked out of
the way in the stern of the flotilla
flagship. It is fenced off with warn¬
ings against intrusion. All type is
set by hand and printed on a small
hand press, electrically operated.

“ The flotilla printer has made a
hit by the way in which he illustrates
the program he prints of the enter¬
tainment provided by the bluejackets
at their shore clubhouse, turning out
rough wood-cuts for the cover of the
program. Last week he had a picture
of the clubhouse with sailors arriving
in limousines. Girls, who are barred
from the clubhouse, are frequently
depicted waiting in automobiles for
the sailors to reappear. His latest
attempt was an illustration of that
part of West Forty-third street, New
York, known as Melody Lane, to go
with the burlesque of that musical
thoroughfare produced by the sailors.

“ The flotilla printer is a chief petty
officer, with a rating of a first-class
printer. With the increase in pay
made recently he gets $62 a month
as printer, and to this must be added
his $50 a year allowance as a naval-
reserve man, which brings his monthly
stipend up to $70. Uncle Sam pays
his board and lodging. A satisfac¬
tory feature is that there is no com¬
posing-room foreman to boss him. He
alone in the flotilla knows his job.”

To Teach Printing in Public Schools
of Gotham.

The Industrial Education Survey
Committee, of New York city, has
given out a digest of its preliminary
report on the printing trade in the
metropolis. The committee has recom¬
mended the establishment of a central
school of printing under the Board
of Education, to be supported by the
city, so that existing deficiencies and
handicaps in the production of skilful
printers will be overcome.

This recommendation was made as
the result of ten months’ intensive
study of the printing business in New
York city and has the endorsement
of the Association of Employing
Printers and the Master Printers’
Association, representing practically
all of the employing printers in the
city, and was approved and adopted
also by Typographical Union, No. 6;
Printing Pressmen’s Union, No. 51;
New York Newspaper Web Printing
Pressmen’s Union, No. 25; Franklin
Union, No. 23, and the New York
Job Press Feeders’ Union, No. 1.

The concurrence of employers and
employees in the printing industry in
New York city constitutes the first
instance in the history of industrial
education that these two sides have
agreed in every detail on a plan for
teaching printing.

The employers’ associations and
unions have recommended that the
city provide quarters for the Cen¬
tral School of Printing in the old
Wynkoop-Hallenbeck building. This
building is centrally located, and is in
the heart of the printing district of
New York city. The committee points
out, as an argument in favor of lo¬
cating the school in this building, that
eighty-seven per cent of the 27,000
men engaged in the composing and
press rooms in New York city work
in the Borough of Manhattan. A
large percentage of these men are em¬
ployed in plants below Forty-third
street, and men desiring to take up
these courses could come right to the
school from work with the loss of only
a few minutes’ time.

The committee shows that New
York city is the greatest center for
the printing industry in the entire
world. The industry represented last
year 2,650 printing establishments
employing 68,540 persons. In sal¬
aries and wages together there was
paid out last year approximately
$76,000,000. The capital invested
totaled $155,000,000, while the value
of the combined product of the print¬
ing and publishing trade amounted
to $125,000,000.

THE INLAND PRINTER

399

THE INLAND PRINTER

Harry Hillman, Editor.

Published monthly by

THE INLAND PRINTER COMPANY

632 Sherman Street, Chicago, U. S. A.

Address all Communications to The Inland Printer Company.

Vol. 60. DECEMBER, 1917. No. 3

Members of Audit Bureau of Circulations ; Associated Business
Papers, Inc. ; Chicago Trade Press Association ; National Editorial Asso¬
ciation ; Graphic Arts Association Departmental of the Associated Adver¬
tising Clubs of the World : New York Master Printers' Association ;
Printers’ Supplymen’s Club of Chicago ; Advertising Association of
Chicago.

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copies, 30 cents; none free.

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Subscribers will avoid any delay in the receipt of the first copy of
their renewal by remitting promptly.

Foreign Subscriptions. — To Canada, postage prepaid three dollars and
fifty cents ; to all other countries within the postal union, postage
prepaid, three dollars and eighty-five cents, or sixteen shillings, per
annum in advance. Make foreign money orders payable to The
Inland Printer Company. No foreign postage stamps accepted.
Important. — -Foreign money orders received in the United States do not
bear the name of the sender. Foreign subscribers should be careful
to send letters of advice at same time remittance is sent, to insure
proper credit.

Single copies may be obtained from all news-dealers and typefounders
throughout the United States and Canada, and subscriptions may be
made through the same agencies.

Patrons will confer a favor by sending us the names of responsible
news-dealers who do not keep it on sale.

ADVERTISING RATES.

The Inland Printer reserves the right to reject any advertisement
for cause.

FOREIGN AGENTS.

John Haddon & Co., Bouverie House, Salisbury square, Fleet street,
London, E. C., England.

Kaithby, Lawrence & Co. (Limited), De Montfort Press, Leicester,
England.

Raithby, Lawrence & Co. (Limited), Thanet House, 231 Strand, Lon¬
don, W. C., England.

Penrose & Co., 109 Farringdon Road, London, E. C., England.

Wm. Dawson & Sons, Cannon House, Breams buildings, London, E. C.,
England.

Alex. Cowan & Sons (Limited), General Agents, Melbourne, Sydney
and Adelaide, Australia.

Alex. Cowan & Sons (Limited), Wellington, New Zealand.

F. T. Wimble & Co., 87 Clarence street, Sydney, N. S. W.

H. Calmels, 150 Boulevard du Montparnasse, Paris, France.

John Dickinson & Co. (Limited), Cape Town, Durban and Johannes¬
burg, South Africa.

Jean Van Overstraeten, 3 rue Villa Hermosa, Brussels, Belgium.

A. Oudshoorn, 23 Avenue de Gravelle, Charenton, France.

WANT ADVERTISEMENTS

Prices for this department: 40 cents per line: minimum charge, 80
cents. Under “ Situations Wanted,” 25 cents per line ; minimum charge,
50 cents. Count ten words to the line. Address to be counted. Price
invariably the same whether one or more insertions are taken. Cash
must accompany the order. The insertion of ads received in Chicago
later than the fifteenth of the month preceding publication not guar¬
anteed. We can not send copies of The Inland Printer free to classified
advertisers.

BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES.

OFFICIAL NOTICE — In compliance with Section 30, Constitution and
By-Laws of the Sovereign Camp, Woodmen of the World, proposals
to print and deliver at its office in Omaha, Nebraska, blanks, blank-
books, stationery, advertising leaflets, constitutions and by-laws, receipts,
blank applications, etc., as needed during the year 1918, are invited.
Specifications and conditions will be furnished on application to W. A.
Fraser, Sovereign Commander, and John T. Yates, Sovereign Clerk,
W. O. W. Building, Omaha. Neb., and will be submitted at the first
meeting in 1918 of the Sovereign Executive Council, it being understood
that should any or all of the bids submitted be unsatisfactory, they may
be rejected and proposals again invited. W. A. FRASER, JOHN T.
YATES, Supply Committee. Sovereign Camp, Woodmen of the World,
Omaha, Neb., October 1, 1917.

FOR SALE Printing-plant and bindery, equipped to do all classes of
work, including fine half-tone and color work : individual motor
equipment throughout ; business capacity about $65,000 yearly ; located
in manufacturing city near Boston ; will sell for one-half cash and fav¬
orable terms on balance. D 438.

WANTED — Salesmen (printers or pressmen) to handle the Ray Feed-
more attachment for platen presses in unoccupied territory : easy
selling plan ; small capital required ; live men can make $75 per week.
Write or wire for particulars. FEEDMORE MANUFACTURING CO.,
Asheville, N. C.

TWO-PLATEN SHOP, oldest in territory, good town, most healthful
climate, new 7-story tourist hotel ; business has survived 35 out of
37 competitors in town alone. BOX 173, San Angelo, Texas.

FOR SALE Well-equipped 3-platen press printing-pjant, doing fine
business ; city of 40,000, Southern California ; expect draft call.
D 457.

FOR SALE - In western Massachusetts, small, well-equipped job-print¬
ing shop ; excellent location and modern ; a bargain. D 354.

FOR SALE in balmy Florida, a well-established and paying printing
business : a big paying proposition at small cost. D 535.

FOR SALE First-class printing-plant here; 6 presses, 1 linotype;
print anything. BENZ & SHAW, Sedalia, Mo.

JOB-PRINTING OFFICE for sale cheap, in good county-seat of Indi¬
ana ; price, $3,500. D 409.

ENGRAVING METHODS.

FOR SALE.

FOR SALE One 19 by 25 inch Cleveland folding-machine used less
than 60 days, guaranteed in perfect condition, $750 ; one new Wal¬
dron, heavy model, roller embossing-machine, egg-shell pattern, 16%
inches wide, guaranteed perfect, $300 ; three No. 1 linotype machines,
with 2-letter attachments, in good working condition, at $650 each ;
one Diehl l-h.-p., 220-volt, direct-current motor, 1450 R. P. M., with
Cutler-Hammer controller, $65 ; one %-h.-p., 220-volt, direct-current
Diehl motor, 1300 R. P. M., with Cutler-Hammer controller, $54 ; both
motors in perfect condition. D 551.

FOR SALE -- Secondhand Kidder, all-size adjustable rotary press, size
43 by 56 inches, minimum sheet 26 by 34 inches, cuts anything be¬
tween, prints two colors on top and one color on reverse side of the web,
has traveling offset web and can do 133-line screen half-tone printing ;
machine in A-l condition, with complete equipment ; immediate deliv¬
ery. GIBBS-BROWER CO., 261 Broadway, New York city.

ENTIRE EQUIPMENT, paper stock and Ruxton inks ; one Miehle No.

4, extension delivery ; three auto presses, 11 by 17 ; three jobbers,
8 by 12 ; big stock of white writing and coated book papers, mostly 22
by 34-40, type at 27 cents per pound ; prefer to sell as a whole. AUTO
PRINT CO., 115 S. Seventh st., Louisville, Ky.

FOR SALE — Whitlock two-revolution press, four form rollers, bed 29
by 42 ; also Hoe two-revolution press, 4-roller, size of bed 40 by 60 ;
guaranteed in first-class condition ; will trade in part payment. PRES¬
TON, 49A Purchase, Boston.

Megill’s Patent

SPRING TONGUE GAUGE PINS

MEGILL’S PATENT

Automatic Register Gauge

Megill’s Patent
DOUBLE-GRIP GAUGES

E. L. MEGILL, Pat. and Mfr.

60 Duane Street NEW YORK

From us or your dealer. Free booklets.

QUICK ON

Send for booklet this and other styles.

VISE GRIP

Send for booklet this and other styles.

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

400

THE INLAND PRINTER

BOOKBINDERS' MACHINERY — Rebuilt Nos. 3 and 4 Smyth book¬
sewing machines, thoroughly overhauled and in first-class order.
JOSEPH E. SMYTH, 638 Federal st„ Chicago.

FOR SALE — One Model 1C Emboso machine; cost $300, will sell for
$200 : used only few thousand sheets ; 220-volt direct current motor.
THE PUBLISHERS PRESS. Atlanta, Ga.

FOR SALE — Mergenthaler linotype Model No. 5, complete, A-l condi¬
tion ; also Universal press 10 by 15, good condition ; reasonable.
I. R. D., 22 E. 9th st., Cincinnati, Ohio.

FOR SALE - Autopress, Model A, in good working condition ; one
Humana feeder 10 by 15, practically new ; both machines cheap for
cash. CARL W. HILL, Tampa, Fla.

FOR SALE — One font linotype mats, 8 point, modern No. 26, with
antique No. 2, used only two weeks. GENERAL PRINTING CO.,
1017 Morgan st., St. Louis, Mo.

SUCCESS WIRE-STITCHER in fine condition ; takes No. 26 or 28 spool
wire; flat or saddle, up to 2-16 thick; $30; foot power. STEARNS
PRINT, Dalton, Mass.

LINOTYPE — Model No. 1, Serial No. 8011, with one magazine, liner,
ejector-blades, font of matrices. TRIBUNE PRINTING CO.,
Charleston, W. Va.

FOR SALE — Junior linotype, complete; 2-letter, 8 and 6-point mats,
worn ; single-letter 6-point mats, new ; $300 f. o. b. cars. HERALD,
Springfield, Colo.

LINOTYPE — Three Model 1 machines with complete equipment of
molds, magazines and matrices. NEW HAVEN UNION CO., New
Haven, Conn.

LINOTYPE — Model 5 li’ebuilt from Model 3) No. 7286; molds, mat¬
rices, liners and blades. SUNSET PUBLISHING HOUSE, San Fran¬
cisco, Cal.

FOR SALE — One Quick Change Model 5 Linotype, in first-class con¬
dition ; will sell on easy terms. ZIEGLER PRINTING CO., Butler,
Pa.

WILL SELL CHEAP, machine for making rubber stamps and all sup¬
plies, also stereotype machine. R. H. JUSTICE, Williamsburg, Pa.

LINOTYPE — Model 2, Serial No. 706, 1 motor, 1 magazine, 8 fonts of
matrices. ARYAN THEOSOPHICAL PRESS, Point Loma, Cal.

LINOTYPE — Model 1, Serial No. 6605 ; 1 magazine, 1 mold and 1 font
of matrices. METROPOLITAN PRESS, Seattle, Wash.

FOR SALE — Autopress, 11 by 17, very little used, as good as new;
will sell cheap. LUTZ & STAHL, Keokuk, Iowa.

FOR SALE — One secondhand two-color S-l Harris press to take sheet
15 by 18 ; first-class condition. D 531.

HELP WANTED.

Advertising Manager.

ARE YOU A MAN with a record of industry, honesty and accomplish¬
ment now employed as advertising solicitor or manager on a smaller
daily paper? If so, and you have a desire for the larger field and bigger
possibilities, we can use you in our advertising department ; good salary
and advancement. Write us about yourself. D 536.

Ad Writer.

AD W'RITER FOR DAILY PAPER — A young married man from Mid¬
dle West is needed to establish a copy department for a large daily
paper : position requires ability to draw and sketch, as well as ideas
and ability to write ; preference given to man who can show a record
of accomplishment in present position ; for a good man this is a good
opportunity in a large and growing organization ; give details in first
letter and samples of art and copy work. D 312.

Composing-Room.

WORKING FOREMAN — A-l compositor, who can superintend mechan¬
ical work of medium-size plant in town of 125,000 ; one who can
operate linotype preferred ; exceptional opportunity for the right man ;
non-union.

STONEMAN, capable on line-up. margins, register, etc., on high-class
and general run of work ; modern, bright, comfortable, union plant ;
state experience and salary. D 548.

Editor.

A PROMINENT PUBLISHING HOUSE has an opening for a capable
young man to act as editor and literary adviser. Apply with par¬
ticulars concerning experience, etc., to D 539.

Managers and Superintendents.

CLASSIFIED MANAGER WANTED — Large city paper has opening
for a young experienced classified manager ; must combine a thor¬
ough knowledge of development of the small or “ transient ” ads with
ability as solicitor and ability to handle help ; prefer a man not over 30
now employed as classified manager in city of 200,000 or under ; for
such a man this position offers a promotion and an opportunity for
advancement in a large organization. Give details and evidence of
qualifications in first letter ; preference given to man from Middle
West. D 532.

HELP WANTED — Working superintendent; up-to-date job composi¬
tor who has executive ability to superintend entire job and daily
newspaper plant ; ideal plant ; permanent. THE CONNEAUT PRINT¬
ING COMPANY, Conneaut, Ohio.

Pressroom.

PRESSMAN — One who can operate small Kidder, Auto and platen
presses. THE DILLINGHAM PRINTING CO., Ticket Printers, 4837
Huntington Drive, Los Angeles, Cal.

WANTED — Foreman for pressroom operating 5 Miehles and 3 or 4
Gordons ; or pressman and assistant pressman for same. D 540.

WANTED — Cylinder pressman with $1,200 to take charge of small
pressroom in Milwaukee ; open shop. D 544.

Salesmen.

I HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY to obtain the stock of a well-established
printing business located in a middle western city, but I am unable
to swing the deal myself and wish to obtain a salesman with money to
help me make the purchase ; I have been connected with the company
for years as secretary, and can handle all the inside work ; the man
who joins with me will take charge of the sales end ; complete details
upon application. D 547.

TRAVELERS WANTED to sell and demonstrate the Ellis “ New
Method ” Embossing ; must be experienced, practical printers ; can
earn $50 and upwards weekly. WALTER J. ELLIS, care of Inland
Printer, 632 Sherman st., Chicago.

WANTED — A salesman or sales manager to increase the sales of a
line of machines already established in world-wide service in the
printing, lithographing, bookbinding and allied trades ; state age and
experience. D 522.

INSTRUCTION.

LINOTYPE INSTRUCTION — 17 Mergenthalers ; evenings ; $5 weekly ;

day course (special), 9 hours daily, 7 weeks, $80; three months’
course, $150; 10 years of constant improvement; every possible advan¬
tage ; no dummy keyboards, all actual linotype practice ; keyboards
free ; call or write. EMPIRE MERGENTHALER LINOTYPE SCHOOL,
133-137 East 16th st.. New York city.

HOW TO PRINT upwards of 100 different kinds of Advertising Articles
on a press that costs about 20 cents to make ; in use by us for over
25 years ; satisfaction guaranteed. Write. GLOBE GLASS CO., Wells-
burg, W. Va.

SITUATIONS WANTED.

Composing-Room.

SITUATION WANTED by a printer handling the better grade of dis¬
play printing ; small shop preferred ; will go anywhere as working
foreman or superintendent of private plant ; also consider partnership
with wide-awake printer ; at present employed as working foreman ;
graduate I. T. U. ; union. D 537.

MONOTYPE KEYBOARD OPERATOR, with some experience on caster,
desires steady position ; thoroughly experienced all-around printer ;
willing to work part time on floor ; exempt from draft ; 28, married ;
go anywhere. D 296.

MONOTYPE KEYBOARD OPERATOR, just completing course, desires
position ; A-l compositor and willing to work on floor during dull
periods on machine ; will go anywhere ; best references ; union. D 546.

DESIGN AND LAYOUT WORK — By compositor of many years’ prac¬
tical experience on high-class advertising literature, catalogue, pub¬
lication and color work ; good executive, systematic, union. D 317.

GERMAN LINOTYPE OPERATOR desires permanent position ; book
work or newspaper; 3,000 to 3,500 ems, all models; start January
1st ; state model, kind of work, hours and wages. D 533.

OPERATOR, in German, English and French, wants position ; go
anywhere east of Mississippi ; German daily or English job-shop
preferred. D 441.

LINOTYPE OPERATOR — Young man wants position in or out of
New York city. JOSEPH KAUFMAN, 1156 DeKalb av., Brooklyn,
N. Y.

All matters of current interest to Process Workers and Electrotypers are dealt with month
by month, and both British and Foreign ideas as to theory and practice are intelligently
and comprehensively dealt with. Special columns devoted to Questions and Answers, for
which awards are given. It is also the official organ of the Penrose Employment Bureau.
PER ANNUM, $0.72, Post-free. Specimen Copy, Post-free, $0.08.

Specimen copies can also be obtained from The Inland Printer Company upon request.

A limited space is available for approved advertisements; for scale of charges apply to the Publishers.

The Journal for all up-to-date Process Workers Published by A.W. PENROSE & Co., Ltd., 109 Farringdon Road, LONDON, E.C.

PROCESS
WORK

— and
Electrotyping

Please Mention Tub Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

THE INLAND PRINTER

401

Instructor.

WANTED — Position as teacher of printing ; education : college grad¬
uate, I. T. U. graduate, linotype school graduate; experience: 10
years as journeyman printer, proofreader, editor, superintendent, 5
years as teacher of printing; open for change in January. D 542.

Managers and Superintendents.

PRODUCTION MANAGER-superintendent-foreman, wide all-around ex¬
perience and demonstrated ability ; one whose attitude encourages
strict business, fair play, and honest eifort ; one who knows the rela¬
tions and general problems of all departments and can handle each
department’s problems as an individual situation and get maximum
results from the organization as a whole ; can systematize in a way to
eliminate non-productive detail; adaptable — not limited to any one
line of work ; progressive and aggressive, a thorough business man
with a reputation for yeai'-’round justice, who means business all the
time ; a real man who creates reorder insurance with every sale ; I
am absolutely sure of myself, I know my business thoroughly, the points
that count — personality, environment, standardized factory efficiency
methods, and an intelligently organized service running at first speed
all the time, producing net results ; a hard, persistent, conscientious,
intelligent worker ; age 42 ; go anywhere. D 297.

SUPERINTENDENT-FOREMAN desires to get in touch with concern
needing man ; years of experience, charge high-grade plants with
engraving department in connection, producing high-grade colorwork,
advertising literature, general printing ; good executive and layout ;
familiar latest methods to secure efficiency in putting work through ;
made good under exacting cost systems ; reliable ; 42 ; union ; South

or Southwest preferred, but will go anywhere. D 326.

EXPERT efficiency engineer, designing psychotypographer, practical
commercial literatus, age 39, broad experience, genial personality and
positive capacity, desires change to Middle West, North Central States,
or possibly the Southwest ; a high-grade executive familiar with State,
county, bank, classic catalogue, modern magazine and general lines ;
practical working knowledge of factory details ; splendid references ;
nothing under $45. D 543.

WANTED — Position as superintendent of large or medium-sized plant ;

have had experience on all classes of printing, lithographing, engrav¬
ing and electrotyping ; efficient executive ability ; state size of plant
and salary. D 378.

COMPOSING-ROOM FOREMAN or superintendent ; capable, syste¬
matic executive, familiar with the best in publication, catalogue,
color and commercial work ; union. D 534.

WANTED — Position as superintendent or manager by a man with a
thorough knowledge of the business. D 538.

Miscellaneous.

TWO PRACTICAL MEN in the printing game, experienced, successful
in sales, management, service, production, large acquaintance with
high-grade users, both employed, seek connection with well-equipped,
well-financed plant. Address in confidence, D 541.

Pressroom.

PRESSROOM FOREMAN OR SUPERINTENDENT, a first-class execu¬
tive now in charge of a large pressroom in New York city, desires
a change ; this man will systematize your pressroom and obtain a high
standard of efficiency ; he is a capable, industrious mechanical super¬
visor, always on the job ; best references. D 523.

SITUATION WANTED by a pressman ; first-class on all kinds of proc¬
ess color and half-tone work ; can handle work and help to the
best possible advantage. D 530.

EXPERIENCED DUPLEX and cylinder pressman desires change; able
to do best grade of work ; only steady position considered ; married.
D 545. _

CYLINDER PRESSMAN, experienced on high-grade presswork, desires
to make change ; steady, reliable, married man ; union. D 550.

PRESSMAN, cylinder and job, experienced in all grades of work, wishes
permanent position; married; best of references. D 418.

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

WANTED TO PURCHASE — Secondhand 17 by 22 Hartford or Lau¬
reate presses ; state lowest cash price wanted, and give serial number
and condition of press. D 552.

INK-MILLS — Any one having any secondhand or new ink-mills to
sell, communicate with J. S. KLEIN, 611 West 129th st., New York
city.

BUSINESS DIRECTORY.

Advertising Blotters.

PRINTERS — Are you acquainted with the Poates Geographical Blotters,
about 9 by 4 ? They are 100 per cent absorbent (both sides), with
maps of the United States or individual States. Only $6.00 per thou¬
sand, including your imprint. Send for a trial order today. POATES
PUBLISHING CO., 22 N. William st., New York city.

Advertising for Printers.

BLOTTERS, folders, mail-cards, booklets, house-organs — we furnish
two-color cuts and copy monthly. You do the printing and own the
cuts for your town. Small cost, profitable returns. Write for samples
and prices. ARMSTRONG ADVERTISING SERVICE, Des Moines,
Iowa.

Brass-Type Founders.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

Calendar-Pads.

Carbon Black.

CABOT, GODFREY L. — See advertisement.

Casemaking and Embossing.

SHEPARD, THE HENRY O., COMPANY, 632 Sherman st., Chicago.
Write for estimates.

Chase Manufacturers.

BARNHART BROTHERS & SPINDLER — Electric-welded silver-gloss
steel chases, guaranteed forever. See Typefounders.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE — Steel chases for all
printing purposes. See Typefounders.

Collection Agency.

ACCOUNTS, debts and claims collected everywhere on commission. No
charge unless successful. BEACON COLLECTION AGENCY, 23
Cedar st., New York.

Copper and Zinc Prepared for Half-Tone and Zinc Etching.

THE AMERICAN STEEL & COPPERPLATE CO.. 101-111 Fail-mount
av., Jersey City, N. J. ; 116 Nassau st.. New York city ; 610 Federal
st., Chicago, Ill. ; 3 Pemberton row, London, E. C., England.

NATIONAL STEEL & COPPERPLATE COMPANY, 542 South Dear¬
born st., Chicago. Ill.; 805 Flatiron Bldg., New York city; 1101 Lo¬
cust st., St. Louis, Mo. ; 12 East Second st., Cincinnati, Ohio.

Counting Machines.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE — See Typefounders

Cylinder Presses.

BARNHART BROTHERS & SPINDLER — See Typefounders.

Electrotypers’ and Stereotypers’ Machinery.

THE OSTRANDER-SEYMOUR CO., general offices, Tribune bldg., Chi
cago. Eastern office, 38 Park row. New York. Send for catalogue

HOE, R., & CO., New York. Printing, stereotyping and electrotyping
machinery. Chicago offices, 544-546 S. Clark st.

Embossing Composition.

STEWART’S EMBOSSING BOARD — Easy to use, hardens like iron;

6 by 9 inches, 3 for 40c, 6 for 60c, 12 for $1, postpaid. THE INLAND
PRINTER COMPANY, Chicago.

Embossing Dies and Stamping Dies.

CHARLES WAGENFOHR, Sr., 140 West Broadway, New York. Dies
and stamps for printers, lithographers and binders.

Hot-Die Embossing.

GOLDING MFG. CO., Franklin, Mass. Our Hot Embosser facilitates
embossing on any job-press ; prices, $40 to $90.

Ink-Fountain.

THE NEW CENTURY ink-fountain, for sale by all dealers in type and
printers’ supplies. WAGNER MFG. CO., Scranton, Pa.

Job Printing-Presses.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

BARNHART BROTHERS & SPINDLER — See Typefounders.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE — See Typefounders.
GOLDING MFG. CO., Franklin, Mass. Golding and Pearl.

R.R.B

PADDING
GLUE

For Strength, Flexibility, Whiteness
and General Satisfaction.

ROBERT R. BURRAGE

83 Gold Street NEW YORK

3-8

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

402

THE INLAND PRINTER

Motors and Accessories for Printing Machinery.

SPRAGUE ELECTRIC WORKS, 527 W. 34th st.. New York. Electric
equiprhent for printing-presses and allied machines a specialty.

Numbering Machines.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO. — See Typefounders.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE — See Typefounders.
Paper-Cutters.

OSWEGO MACHINE WORKS, Oswego, New York. Cutters exclu¬
sively. The Oswego, and Brown and Carver and Ontario.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.- - See Typefounders.

BARNHART BROTHERS & SPINDLER — See Typefounders. _

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE — See Typefounders.
GOLDING MFG. CO.. Franklin, Mass. Golding and Pearl.

Perforators.

F. P. ROSBACK CO., Benton Harbor, Mich. Perforating machines of
all kinds, styles and sizes.

Photoengravers’ Machinery and Supplies.

THE OSTRANDER-SEYMOUR CO., general offices, Tribune bldg., Chi-
cago. Eastern office, 38 Park row, New York. Send for catalogue.

Photoengravers’ Metal, Chemicals and Supplies.

NATIONAL STEElA COPPER PLATE COMPANY, 542 South Dear-

born st., Chicago, Ill.; 805 Flatiron bldg.. New York city; 1101
Locust st.. St. Louis, Mo. ; 212 East Second st., Cincinnati, Ohio.

Photoengravers’ Screens.

LEVY, MAX, Wayne av. and Berkeley st., Wayne Junction, Philadel¬
phia, Pa.

Presses.

HOE, R., & CO., New York. Printing, stereotyping and electrotyping
machinery. Chicago offices, 544-546 S. Clark st.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO. — See Typefounders.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE — See Typefounders.

Printers’ Rollers and Roller Composition.

Typecasting Machines.

THOMPSON TYPE MACHINE CO., the Thompson typecaster, 223 W.
Erie st., Chicago; 38 Park row. New York.

Typefounders.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO., original designs in type and deco¬
rative material, greatest output, most complete selection. Dealer in
wood type, printing machinery and printers’ supplies of all kinds.
Send to nearest house for latest type specimens. Houses — Boston, 270
Congress st. ; New York, 200 William st. ; Philadelphia, 17 S. 6th st. ;
Baltimore, 215 Guilford av. ; Richmond, 1320 E. Franklin st. ; Atlanta,
24 S. Forsyth st. ; Buffalo, 45 N. Division st. ; Pittsburgh, 323 3d av. ;
Cleveland, 15 St. Clair av., N.-E. ; Cincinnati, 646 Main st. ; St. Louis,
23 S. 9th st. ; Chicago, 210 W. Monroe st. ; Detroit, 43 W. Congress st. ;
Kansas City, 10th and Wyandotte sts. ; Minneapolis, 419 4th st. ; Denver,
1621 Blake st. ; Los Angeles, 121 N. Broadway ; San Francisco, 820 Mis¬
sion st. ; Portland, 47 4th st. ; Spokane, 340 Sprague av. ; Winnipeg,
Can., 175 McDermot av.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE. Type, borders, brass
rule, printing machinery and printers’ supplies. Address our nearest
house. Philadelphia, 9th and Spruce sts. ; New York, Lafayette and
Howard sts. ; Chicago, 1108 South Wabash av. ; San Francisco, 762-766
Mission st.

BARNHART BROTHERS & SPINDLER, manufacturers and origina¬
tors of type-faces, borders, ornaments, cuts, electric-welded chases,
all-brass galleys and other printers’ supplies. Houses at — Chicago,
Dallas, Kansas City, St. Paul, Washington, D. C., St. Louis, Omaha,
Seattle.

HANSEN, H. C., TYPE FOUNDRY (established 18721, 190-192 Con¬
gress st., Boston ; 535-547 Pearl st., cor. Elm, New York.

LET US estimate on your type requirements. EMPIRE TYPE FOUN¬
DRY, Buffalo, N. Y.

Wire -Stitchers.

F. P. ROSBACK CO., Benton Harbor, Mich. Stitchers of all sizes, flat
and saddle, % to 1 inch, inclusive. Flat only, 1 to 2 inches.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

Wood Goods.

BINGHAMS, SAM'L, SON MFG. CO., 636-704 Sherman st.. Chicago;

also 514-518 Clark av., St. Louis; 88-90 South 13th st., Pittsburgh;
706-708 Baltimore av., Kansas city ; 40-42 Peters st., Atlanta, Ga. ;

151-153 Kentucky av., Indianapolis ; 1306-1308 Patterson av., Dallas,

Tex. ; 719-721 Fourth st., S., Minneapolis, Minn. ; 609-611 Chestnut st.,
Des Moines, Iowa ; Shuey Factories Bldg., Springfield, Ohio.

BINGHAM BROTHERS COMPANY. 406 Pearl st.. New York; also
131 Colvin st., Baltimore, Md. ; 521 Cherry st., Philadelphia, and 89
Allen st., Rochester, N. Y.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

IMPRINT

I ever the printed mai

™ that, t.hpir p.nst. is ins

SLUGS

Cast from matrix slides of
our make, are silent sales¬
men working for you wher-
1 matter goes. Cast them so cheaply in your own office
that their cost is insignificant. We also make matrix slides to cast any
face of type, design or border on slug-casting machines. Send for circulars.

Allied Firm:

Bingham & Runge, East 12th st. and Powers av., Cleveland, Ohio.
WILD & STEVENS, INC., 5 Purchase st., cor. High, Boston, Mass.
Established 1850. _

Printers’ Steel Equipment.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE, originators and
manufacturers of steel equipment for complete printing-plants. See
Typefounders. _

Printers’ Supplies.

BARNHART BROTHERS & SPINDLER — See Typefounders.
AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO. — See Typefounders.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE — See Typefounders.

Printing Machinery, Rebuilt.

BARNHART BROTHERS & SPINDLER — See Typefounders.
KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE — See Typefounders.

Printing Machinery, Secondhand.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE — See Typefounders.

Printing Material.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO. — See Typefounders.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE — See Typefounders.

Punching Machines.

F. P. ROSBACK CO., Benton Harbor, Mich. Multiplex punching ma¬
chines for round, open or special shaped holes.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO. — See Typefounders.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE — See Typefounders.

Rebuilt Printing-Presses.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO. — See Typefounders.

GOLDING MFG. CO., Franklin, Mass. All makes. Big values.

Roughing Machines.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

Static Neutralizers.

THOMPSON STATIC NEUTRALIZER eliminates electricity in paper.
Sole manufacturers K. K. Dispeller. 223 W. Erie st., Chicago.

Stereotyping Outfits.

IMPRINT MATRIX COMPANY, Charlotte, N. C.

WALTER N. BRUNT PRESS. S. P. NATIONAL LABEL CO. NASHVILLE. TENN. TELEGRAM. CLARKSBURG. W. VA. MITCHELL PU8. CO.. MITCHELL. S. OAK.
E. H. CLARKE & BRO., MEMPHIS E. A. WRIGHT COMPANY, PHILA. GEO. D. BARNARD STA.CO., ST. LOUIS

KELLY CO., MFRS., SALT LAKE MIRROR PTG. CO., ALTOONA, PA. tmu winocrmebk rrcbo. cmicaqo

CAMPBELL PRINTING PRESS
REPAIR PARTS COMPANY

Do not discard your Campbell Presses. We supply parts promptly
for all the different styles and are sole owners of the shop rights.

We carryall the original drawings and patterns and a large stock.

Works: Brooklyn, N. Y. New York Office: Pulitzer Building

Avoid delay when needing repairs by sending orders direct to office.

LEARN MAKE $5.000.00 A YEAR

A rv\ TT? T> 'TT'TC TTVT/"'T Write for “Free Personal Analysis
f\ I 9 \ IN IX I INI \ ~K~ Blank.” If our Vocational Director

will accept you, then you can succeed
in advertising. Ten practical business men will teach you the underlying principles
of this profession. They can save you ten years’ time. You learn by doing. Write
for booklet, “ Poverty to $10,000.00 a Year,” and “ Free Personal Analysis Blank.”
GEORGE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE

(Successors to Bryant & Stratton School of Advertising) 2*241 Bryant & Stratton Hide., Chicago

Qi/a l £ vioe

Designs - PHOTO ENGRAVINGS

-y irx, OWE o*- SWORE COLORS

CATALOGUES. ADVERTISEMENTS

GATCHEL

any other purpose.

d JVLATNTTRiTITNrCi

. A.GATCHELl

STHE El'T S

| C.A STINSON

PIONEER PAPER STOCK COMPANY

PACKERS AND DEALERS IN

PAPER STOCK

'Phone: Superior 3565 448 W. Ohio St.. CHICAGO. U. S. A.

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

IlgSraiitoi

The Battle Cry of Business

HE PEOPLE OF THE
UNITED STATES, IN
DEFENSE OF THE RE¬
PUBLIC and the princi¬
ples upon which this Nation
was founded, are now tak¬
ing their part in the world war with no
lust for power and no thought of financial
or territorial gain.

The issues at stake in this stupendous
struggle involve the moral ideals and con¬
ception of justice and liberty for which our
forefathers fought, the protection of the
innocent and helpless, the sanctity of
womanhood and home, freedom of oppor¬
tunity for all men, and the assurance of the
safety of civilization and progress to all
nations great and small.

Speed of production and the mobilization
of all national power mean the saving of
human life, an earlier ending of the designs
of autocracy and militarism, and the return
to the peoples of the earth of peace and
happiness.

Undismayed at the prospect of great taxes,
facing the consumption of its accumulated
savings, American business without hesi¬
tation pledges our Government its full and
unqualified support in the prosecution of the
war until Prussianism is utterly destroyed.

Reprinted by permission, from
“Manufacturers’ News.”

<Z& INLAND PRINTER

Phe Leading Iradejoninal of the World
in the Printing and Allied Industries

Vol. 60

JANUARY, 1918

& No. 4

V- 1 fe

<T'W/

<p /

4 XS..

< N

4 7

A PLEA FOR A STANDARDIZED COURSE

OF SCHOOL PRINTING ;|£

By W. H. HATTON

IN all academic studies, courses are laid
out in progressive steps so that the stu¬
dent can continue, in an orderly man¬
ner, the subject he desires, and, under
the supervision of district or county superin¬
tendents, courses are made the same in all
schools throughout the State. So new is the
teaching of trades in our schools that the stand¬
ardization of courses has only been considered
and courses in printing have been laid out in
progressive steps only in rare instances. In¬
struction in printing is now given according to
the views and practices of those in charge and
not according to plans laid out by authorities
along pedagogical and technical lines.

The effect of this condition upon the teach¬
ing of printing is very marked, finding its
expression in the demands upon teachers of
printing by superintendents and principals of
schools, where printing has been added to the
list of studies, for school publications, blanks,
programs, etc., long before the students have
been sufficiently trained to handle such work.
This is due partly to ignorance of the neces¬
sity of correct spacing and justification on the
part of educators, and partly from a desire
to prove to the school board that the class in
printing can do practical work and at the same
time save a little money.

4-3

The art of correct composition is a lost art
so far as our schools are concerned, and sel¬
dom do you find an educator who appreciates
the beauty of a correctly spaced page. Until
all educators do appreciate the beauty of a
correctly spaced page and, through a series of
exercises, demand that the student reach a cer¬
tain standard of proficiency before handling
school printing or other productive work, the
training of young men for printers in our
schools will make very little progress.

It is necessary that a move to standardize
at least the exercises that cover straight matter
should be made now, and every student taking
a course in printing should be made to master
the exercises before he is allowed to even think
of work for the school’s needs; and this course
of standardized studies should have the sup¬
port of the master printers’ associations. The
master printers should then bring pressure to
bear on all educators and insist upon the com¬
pletion of the standardized exercises first. In
no other way will instruction in printing be
made successful in all the school systems, for
the individual teacher who would teach cor¬
rectly and not allow productive work to inter¬
fere can not, because other teachers are willing
to make good in the eyes of the superintendent
or principal by doing it.

466

THE INLAND PRINTER

If the schools are teaching for the promo¬
tion of art, then they ought to have no objec¬
tion to a course of exercises through which
correct spacing is the object to be obtained,
and if they are teaching with the idea that some
day their graduates will find their way into
the printing-office, then they certainly should
teach a knowledge of correct composition.

A move in this direction should be made now,
if ever, because, with the general acceptance on
the part of educators that students are divided
into intellectual, artizan and mechanical minds,
and that educational systems should be pro¬
vided for each group in our schools, trade in¬
struction will continue to spread, and because
printing has advantages along educational lines

that others do not have, it will be rapidly in¬
corporated into the curriculums of the school
systems throughout the land.

If the printers of this country do not attempt
to stamp out incorrect technic in the teaching
of printing in our schools, even though not
one of the graduates enters actively into the
printing business, the quality of printing will
be lowered. But if the students are forced
to go through a training in correct composi¬
tion and are taught to take the care and use
the judgment necessary for the artistic product,
then printing must advance. Our boys and
girls will demand the kind of product, when
they enter the business field, that they have
been taught to produce at school.

NEW PASTURES FOR AMBITIOUS PRINTERS

By ROBERT F. SALADE

HE who thoroughly learns the trade
of a printer becomes a graduate of
a wonderful school of knowledge.
The smallest printery is a college
where any intelligent man may gain an exten¬
sive education. Many illustrious men, such as
Mark Twain, have received their most valuable
training in the printing-office. The great Ben¬
jamin Franklin developed his most important
ideas and inventions after having had long ex¬
perience in the art of printing. To him the
printing-house was a university.

The average typographical printer is a per¬
son of wider learning that the name implies.
He is usually a well-read man, and his knowl¬
edge of art, science and literature is more sub¬
stantial than that of the average craftsman
working in some other trade. There is good
reason for this, as the printer, during his course
of labor, comes in contact with manuscripts upon
practically all subjects. He reads and reads,
whether he likes to do so or not. His brain must
naturally absorb some of the information given
in the copy-matter which he handles. The arti¬
zan of a calling other than the printing art sel¬
dom meets with original manuscripts.

Mathematics, engineering, designing, orna¬
mentation, proportion, color harmony, gram¬
mar, punctuation and other arts and sciences

are parts of the printer’s work every day. He
must master all of these difficult things, else he
will not become an expert craftsman. He labors
both mentally and physically. He studies and
plans to accomplish certain fine results. He is
an artist and mechanic combined. The major¬
ity of workers in other industries have their
thinking done for them by others. The printer
must always think for himself.

It has been said that printers in general are
far from being good business men. Such a state¬
ment is untrue. In every city can be found
printing firms which have been very successful
in a business way. Their excellent buildings and
their splendid plants easily prove that they know
as much about modern business as successful men
in any other line.

Were statistics taken to find out how many
men who had previously been printers are now
at the head of successful business concerns in
other fields, it would be discovered that they are
numerous. It is of common occurrence to hear
of big men here and there who in their youthful
days had worked at the printing-trade. Doc¬
tors, lawyers, clergymen, writers, statesmen —
many of them have gained the foundation of
their education in printing-offices.

After the average printer has been working
in the composing-room or the pressroom for a

THE INLAND PRINTER

467

number of years, there comes an idea in his
mind that he is fitted for some higher position.
It is the call of ambition. It is something which
comes to every full-blooded person. Without
it the soul would be dead. The printer is a tem¬
peramental sort of human — the atmosphere of
the printing-office, or, rather, his environment,
has much to do with this condition. For a long
time he has been doing extremely tedious work.
He desires a change. The voice of Opportunity
is heard in the distance.

Perhaps an executive position in the trade
may not have an appeal to the ambitious printer.
He may long to graze in pastures new. He
may believe that there is nothing further to be
gained by working at the type-cases or presses.
What else, then, is he to do ? What special abil¬
ity does he possess other than his knowledge of
the printing art? His head may be full of ideas
and plans, but with nothing definite or concrete
to warrant a change.

The wise man, when in such a state of mind,
will take counsel with himself. A change in life
is a serious matter for any one to contemplate.
The important thing is to know what one may
be well fitted for. We must have good reason
to believe that we are adapted to this or that
profession. Salesmanship? Many printers
have become successful salesmen. Literature?
Numerous printers have done well in that field.
Commercial art? Some printers have natural
ability for that. Advertising writing? This is
something which not a few printers have talent
for. Typographical architecture? Engraving?
Photography? Cartooning? Reporting? Ed¬
iting? Any of these professions offers opportu¬
nities to printers who have some knowledge of
the subject in question.

The writer is personally acquainted with a
dozen or more salesmen who have “ graduated ”
from the printing-office. One friend is an ex¬
pert salesman of fine printing — illustrated cata¬
logues, booklets, folders, etc. This man knows
his line from A to Z. For example, he will go
in some big business house after a substantial
order, and he will talk about paper, type,
printing-plates and presswork in the same strain
as an artist would explain the merits of an oil
painting. This salesman is capable of drawing
a sketch for the cover of a booklet or catalogue
while talking with a prospective customer. He

often wins profitable business through giving
service of this character.

When the patron requires some advertising
writing done, this salesman knows where to have
such work attended to. If the customer is in
need of special commercial photography, photo¬
engravings, original drawings, or sketches in
colors, the salesman knows where to secure all
of the things mentioned. He believes in giving
his patrons the best of service. His training
as a printer makes it possible for him to suggest
the correct kind of photographs, engravings, art
subjects, etc., to customers. They look upon
him as an authority on such matters.

A printer of the same caliber as this salesman
does not belong on the inside of a printing-
office. He is needed in the field of selling —
more so than some of the salesmen who have
no practical knowledge of printing. There are
inviting opportunities for the artistic printer
who has a pleasing personality. It takes brains
and careful training for any printer to become
a successful salesman. It is by no means an easy
position. Yet, there are men working in printing-
plants today who would make good at saleswork
with little difficulty.

Some printers are “born” salesmen. The
friends of the writer referred to accomplished
excellent work immediately after they left the
pressroom or composing-room to enter the sell¬
ing field. While their appearance and person¬
ality have had considerable to do with their
success, their training in the printing-trade is
among their most valuable assets. These sales¬
men are working in different lines. One is sell¬
ing automobiles; another, printers’ machinery;
still another is selling to retail shoe dealers.
This is mentioned to prove that the printer-
salesman is not confined to any particular line
of goods.

The writer is also acquainted with a number
of printers who today are well-known typo¬
graphical architects. They are in business for
themselves. Their principal work is making
typographical layouts for magazine publishers,
advertising agencies, individual advertisers and
for business men in general. Buyers of printed
matter come to these artists for professional
advice concerning the typography of art cata¬
logues, booklets, and so forth. Occasionally, a
wealthy man or woman may want to have some

468

THE INLAND PRINTER

fine printing done for a special purpose. Typog¬
raphy, paper, engravings, inks, presswork and
binding must all be of the highest order. It is
the business of these typographers to make dum¬
mies, sketches and layouts so that everything
will be esthetically correct.

It should be understood that these typog¬
raphers are artists in the strict sense of the term.
They study type, illustrations, paper and ink in
the same way that an artist studies his colors
and subjects. They have discovered their own
field and have developed it. The field is very
wide and fertile, nevertheless. There is plenty
of room for the compositor having artistic abil¬
ity to find an advantageous place. There is a
promising future for the typographical archi¬
tect. As business men come to know more about
the importance of beautiful typography and
printing, they are going to consult with the ex¬
pert typographer more freely. The time will
arrive when large business firms will employ
typographers on salary to look after the style
of their printed matter. Even large newspaper
publishers in certain sections of the country are
now employing expert typographers who dictate
the style of the display advertising, headings,
arrangement of the initial letters in the text-
matter, etc.

The advertising-service department of one
large newspaper is in charge of one man who
makes layouts for nearly every large display
advertisement inserted. Some years ago this
expert had a foremanship with a well-known
publishing firm, but he desired to better his posi¬
tion. He took up a course of instruction with
the idea of becoming a layer-out. He had no
more than completed the course when the oppor¬
tunity with the newspaper arrived.

The designs and typographical forms of this
typographer have been the means of creating
much new business for the newspaper publisher.
The idea is to submit proofs of handsome dis¬
play advertisements to business concerns of the
city. A copy-writer prepares the reading-matter,
which is worked up into striking display by the
typographical architect. So excellent and ap¬
propriate are many of these suggested adver¬
tisements, that the prospective customers are led
to place their orders.

One of the most responsible positions in the
office of the modern magazine publisher today

is known as layer-out of the text-matter pages.
It requires a practical printer with artistic taste
to hold this post. In addition to his knowledge
of things typographical, he must also know
something about editing. Frequently words are
added to or are struck out of certain paragraphs
so that the typographical make-up of the pages
will be correct. For example, words must not
be divided at the end of a last line of a page;
not more than two words are to be separated
in consecutive lines ; extra-wide spacing between
words is not permitted; the type-matter must
square nicely around printing-plates, etc.

The layer-out works with galley proofs of the
text. He cuts and pastes the proof sheets on
dummy pages to the best advantage. Here and
there he “ edits,” marking in a word or omitting
a word. The pasting up of the proofs is done
only after the expert has studied the artistic side
of the make-up. The appearance of the printed
pages is the first consideration in everything, yet
slight changes must be made in such a way that
the literary qualities will not be affected. There
are numerous compositors working in the trade
at the present time who are capable of taking
positions of this character. Men who desire
such opportunities should not wait to see them
advertised in the classified columns of the news¬
papers. Rather they should write to magazine
publishers, making application for the situation,
or, better still, call upon the publishers per¬
sonally.

Photography is a delightful pastime with
many printers. The writer’s friends include
both employing printers and those who are
working on the presses or at the cases — those
who have derived great pleasure from the cam¬
era. One of these men some years ago was
owner of a first-class printing-plant of medium
size. During spare time this printer used to
photograph beautiful scenes in Fairmount Park,
Philadelphia. The film-art soon became a pas¬
sion with him. A number of his pictures won
prizes in competitions. Eventually the printer
developed into a professional photographer of
the first water.

He started a photographic shop in connection
with his printery. It was not long before prof¬
itable orders for commercial photography began
to come. Some orders for portraits were also
received, but the printer preferred to do scenic

THE INLAND PRINTER

469

and commercial work. The business grew rap¬
idly. An assistant was engaged to care for the
darkroom. The place was located in a section
of the city where there was a strong demand for
photographic supplies. Patrons of the printery
often asked the printer-photographer to get
certain photographic materials for them. Sub¬
sequently a photographic-supply department was
arranged in the front part of the building. This
venture proved highly successful. At the pres¬
ent time this photo shop is so busy that two
sales people are essential to wait upon custom¬
ers. The typographic-printing department is
also doing a good business. This shows how a
printer can make money through some “ side
issue,” with push and close attention.

A certain typographer who had a liking for
designing and drawing frequently entertained
his fellow craftsmen during lunch-time by mak¬
ing drawings of machines, girls’ heads, and
other things in great variety. Somebody ad¬
vised him to take an evening course at one of
the art schools of the town. He accepted the

hint. His progress was remarkable. He had
a talent for the art. After about three years’
instruction, he took a position with a local
photoengraving concern. Today he is a suc¬
cessful commercial artist, and his knowledge of
typography helps wonderfully in cases of hand¬
lettering, borders, displays for car-cards, etc.

One of the well-known technical editors was a
practical printer before taking up that profes¬
sion. Practically all of this editor’s education
was gained while working as a compositor. It
might be said that he is now a master of En¬
glish. He has written several technical books,
copies of which may be found in any public
library.

In New York city alone there can be named
many editors, authors, reporters, commercial
artists, newspaper writers, and salesmen in
many lines, who have received their fundamen¬
tal training in the printing-plant. A bright
printer may have just what position he likes if
he wills it so. But, he must help himself up on
the ladder of success; make his opportunity.

SPEAKING THE BUYER’S LANGUAGE

By MICHAEL GROSS

THE new man, before he came with
us, had been in the safety-razor busi¬
ness. Three days after he was made
a member of the sales force he
brought in, from the firm he had just left, an
order for a hundred thousand booklets. A
week later he sold a catalogue to another razor
concern and followed that by landing two big
orders in succession from one of the biggest
blade houses in the country.

In an effort to discover whether this remark-
able showing denoted good salesmanship or
was merely the result of a lucky streak, the
boss called the new man into his private office
for a little chat.

“How is it that you are able to sell these
razor people so easily?” was the first questior
the boss asked. “I’ve been led to believe the}
were tight buyers and mighty hard to divorce
from concerns already supplying their needs.”

“There’s nothing to _ it,” the new man saic
deprecatingly. “ I get the business because

can talk the language that razor people are
used to hearing. You see, I’ve been in the
razor business for years, and when I go into
a buyer’s office and start to tell him what he
needs in the way of printed-matter, he realizes,
after listening for a few minutes, that I know
what I am talking about. I’ve ordered print¬
ing myself in his line, and the fact shows in the
things I am able to tell him. The chances are
that before I am half way through my selling
talk the buyer is already reaching across the
desk for his order pad. Any one of the boys
on your sales force could get orders just as
easily in a line they knew as well as I know the
razor business. It’s all a matter of being able
to talk the language a buyer understands.”

That conversation with the new man started
the boss working on a system of trade special¬
ization, the subsequent applying of which has,
up to the time of writing, almost doubled the
sales of each man on the selling force, while
requiring of him but half of the mental and

470

THE INLAND PRINTER

physical energy he expended under the old
regime of hit-and-miss salesmanship.

Here was the way the boss reasoned the
proposition out: If the new man could book a

printing order from a razor concern at almost
every other call, solely on the strength of
knowing the razor business, it proved conclu¬
sively that, for a salesman, a study of the line
his customer was in constituted a more vital
factor in getting an order than did a knowledge
of printing, for what the new man didn’t know
about type and paper would easily fill the New
York Public Library.

But, while this deduction seemed logical, the
applying of it did not, at first glance, appear
practical. Each salesman on the force had
about seventy active accounts. These accounts,
however, were, as a rule, divided into almost
as many trades — a few in the shoe business,
others manufacturers of candy, still others in
the patent-medicine field, and so on. It was
obviously impossible for any salesman to make
himself an authority on every business repre¬
sented in his prospect file. A little study
brought a solution to the problem and the birth
of the new system.

Each salesman, in turn, was called into the
private office and asked what line of business
he had found it easiest to sell printed-matter to.
Invariably there was one industry from which
each man had secured the greatest number of
orders. It is worthy of record that, on being
asked why this was so, the answer would

usually be: “Well, after I had sold two or
three jobs in one business, I got a ‘slant’ on
the way that trade bought printing, and the in¬
formation made it easy for me to sell other

concerns in the same
line.” It was answers
such as these that con¬
vinced the boss he was
on the right track.

In a week every sales¬
man had been inter¬
viewed and a note made
of the trade he had
found it easiest to sell.
Then the boss called a
meeting of the sales¬
men, at which he ex¬
plained his proposition
in detail. He told of
the incident that had
started him working on
the idea and what had
been accomplished in that direction to date.

“ My aim,” the boss went on, “ is to give
each salesman an entire industry for himself.
He will be expected to make himself familiar

with the details of that industry through every
possible source — from interviewing the people
in it to studying its trade-papers. We have
already entered subscriptions, in each sales¬
man’s name, for every important periodical
covering the trade assigned to him.

THE INLAND PRINTER

471

“The advantages of this system, in so far as
I am able to predict, should be manifold. Take
the case of Mr. Hagler here, for instance. Our
books show that in the last year he has sold
a total of thirteen thousand dollars’ worth of
printing to eighteen candy houses. Mr. Hag-
ler’s explanation of this showing is that once
having landed two or three of these concerns,
he speedily learned the sort of stuff candy
manufacturers wanted and at just what period
of the year they placed orders. Having gained
this knowledge, he was able to talk intelligently
to other buyers in the same line, and found it
easy to swing orders from them. It is this
specializing and concentrating on one industry
that forms the whole sum and substance of
my idea. Mr. Hagler, having made a marked
success of the line, will be given the whole
candy trade to handle. Any candy accounts
that you salesmen now have in your lists will
be turned over to him. He will receive all the
periodicals devoted to that trade and be given
every opportunity to learn all there is to know
about it.

“The same thing holds good for the other
industries. Mr. Parkhill, who has been un¬
usually successful in selling automobile manu-

Unusually good ideas began to appear in the
art department.

facturers, will be given that entire business and
all prospects in that line will belong to him.
These exchanges of accounts will not work
against any one of you. The prospects in the
candy business, which Mr. Parkhill will turn

over to Mr. Hagler, will be returned to him
with interest when Mr. Hagler surrenders the
automobile accounts he has in his file. Mr.
Parkhill will find it much easier to sell these

new automobile prospects than he did the candy
accounts he gave up. The same thing applies
to the accounts that Mr. Hagler parts with.

“Of course, if any of you boys have sold a
concern in a business foreign to the line as¬
signed to you, that account will not be taken
away, for it is obvious that if you are close
enough to a buyer to get an order from him,
no other salesman, regardless of his knowledge
of the buyer’s business, could get any closer.
I will expect you yourselves to make the neces¬
sary exchanges and transfers of accounts,” the
boss ended up, “ as I believe that will be a more
amicable way of arranging the matter.”

The plan met with immediate approval and
the salesmen entered into the spirit of the thing
enthusiastically. A few days later each man
had the prospects in his trade filed in order,
and had received the first copy of the trade-
paper covering it. From these periodicals the
salesmen immediately started to cull new pros¬
pects — well-rated accounts that, under the old
regime, would never have been gone after.

Another immediate result was the number
of unusually good ideas for sketches and direct-
mail campaigns that began to appear in the art

472

THE INLAND PRINTER

department. Working under the old method,
each salesman, having seventy or more ac¬
counts in as many different lines, could never
concentrate sufficiently on any one of these in¬
dustries to produce a salable idea for it. He
would be thinking of shoes one day; of canned
goods the next; patent medicines a third, and
so on. Specializing on one trade, however,
gave that salesman an opportunity to get his
mind firmly fixed on it. Add to this the fact
that reading all about that one industry and
interviewing people in it was bound to give
him a keen insight into the kind of stuff needed
to get across, and the abundance of good sell¬
ing ideas created under the new system is easily
explainable thereby.

The first snag that the boys ran up against
was when they discovered that, at certain sea¬
sons of the year, various trades went dead in so
far as the buying of printed-matter was con¬
cerned, and no amount of knowledge could
land an order from them. But, coincident with
this discovery came the one that certain other
industries sprang to life and started buying at
about the same time. Each salesman, there¬
fore, made it his business to dig up one of
these “life-savers” and, provided it had been
assigned to no other salesman, put in his claim
for that particular trade, giving his reasons for
ceasing activity on his regular line. In this
way industries that were never looked upon as
prospective buyers of printing were gone after
and made to buy.

As an instance, there was the case of Holten.
He had been doing a land-office business with
the food people and was accordingly given that
trade to handle. But the entry of the United
States into the world war sent foodstuff prices
soaring and immediately the canned-food con¬
cerns tightened up on their buying. Did Holten
worry? Not a bit. He merely laid the food

business on the shelf for a little while and made
a claim for the hardware-specialty line, a trade
that was reaping some of the war profits and
was willing to spend a part of them for printed-
matter, in the hope of greater harvest.

At the end of the first six months the fol¬
lowing results were noticed : ( i ) The sketch
loss, meaning designs made up at salesmen’s
requests and never sold, was far less than dur¬
ing any other six months of the firm’s career.

(2) More new accounts in varied lines were
opened than in any other similar period.

(3) The salesmen did not tread on each other’s
toes, nor was there any more bickering over
accounts. Under the old system, no sooner
did the advertisement for a new product ap¬
pear in a popular magazine than every sales¬
man in the place would see it and lay claim
to the account. One would say his nephew
worked in the place and that, therefore, he
would be given preference; another knew the
advertising man’s niece, and so on, each man
offering some special reason as to why he was
entitled to the prospect. But now all that was
over. The man in whose line the product fell
was given the account, and no other salesman
made a claim for it. (4) More harmony pre¬
vailed among the members of the sales force.
If the automobile man heard that John Blank,
in the candy business, wanted to buy some
printed-matter, he told the salesman who han¬
dled the candy trade all about it, feeling sure
that if the candy man came across anybody in
the automobile line that was in the market he
would gladly return the favor.

And last, but, according to the boss, far from
least, the sales for the six months under the
new regime were far in excess of that of any
other six months in the history of the business.

Learning how to speak the buyer’s language
was what did it.

CHARACTER

Make but few explanations. The character that
can not defend itself is not worth vindicating.

F. W. Robertson

THE INLAND PRINTER

473

THE ROTARY PHOTOGRAVURE PROCESS

By FRANK NOSSEL

SINCE this latest method of printing has
become public property, it is really sur¬
prising how it was possible that its
development and general adoption by
printers was not taken up more rapidly. The
illustrations in the newspapers and magazines
greatly helped to make rotary photogravure
popular. Within the past three years many
improvements in the speed of the presses re¬
sulted, also in regard to the question of copper
cylinders.

When the writer, in 1913, recommended the
depositing of copper by the electrolytic proc¬
ess, some of the experts claimed that this
copper would be too soft for this particular
process, besides containing impurities and
other deficiencies. However, in almost every
plant in which the rotary photogravure process
is now exploited, depositing equipments for the
copper cylinders are operated, and it has
proved to be less expensive and of greater con¬
venience to make the copper cylinders under
the same roof than to buy the drawn copper
“ shells ” from special factories hundreds of
miles away; particularly when it is considered
that from one cylinder five to eight prints can
be obtained, according to the depths of the
subjects printed. When the cylinder becomes
too small in circumference, it is then put into
depositing tanks and copper put on again
(about one-eighth of an inch thick) until the
right diameter is again obtained.

As there is no more secrecy about the rotary
photogravure process, I will outline the method
briefly.

In the regular printing business (printing
from type), two departments are of most im¬
portance — the composing-room and the press¬
room. In rotary photogravure the pressroom
should come first, and then the engraving de¬
partment. After a suitable press is provided,
the making of the printing-cylinders does not
require too large an investment of money. The
engraving requires three distinct divisions:
The photographic gallery; the etching-room;
the making and preparing of the cylinders.

In the first named division it is necessary to
have a good camera and lens. The copy is
placed before the camera and the negative is
made. This negative is photographed again,
and from it results a “positive.” This posi¬
tive is the most important in the entire process,
because the printed, finished subject on paper
appears exactly as your positive. The artist
has it at his command to make this positive
to his liking by retouching to suit requirements.

As the next stages of the process are more
or less mechanical, it will be understood why
a good positive is essential. Next to the cam¬
era, a printing-frame and screen are required.
The screen is only a protection to the etched
engraving. If not used, the sharp scraper-
knife, or “ doctor,” of the press would damage
the engraving. With the screen, like a fine
network, the “doctor” can do no damage.

A special rotary photogravure screen is used,
not the regular cross-line screen. It is exactly
the reverse of the ordinary cross-line; the
squares are black and the lines are white. Some
use a straight-line screen, about one hundred
and fifty lines to the inch, and turn it after the
first print is made; in other words, they print
the straight-line screen twice in order to obtain
the cross-line effect. The price of the rotary
photogravure screen is about the same as a
standard engraved screen. Now to the con¬
tinuance of the process:

The positive and screen are put in the
printing-frame on a piece of sensitized gelatin
carbon-paper. This carbon-paper, on which
the positive has been printed, is carefully
wrapped around the copper cylinder. To make
it stick, the copper cylinder is moistened in
water and the carbon-paper forced on with a
hand-roller, or a special inexpensive device for
this purpose. After the carbon-paper adheres
thoroughly to the cylinder, the paper backing
is removed with water, with the result that
only the gelatin tissue sticks to the copper.
Where there is no gelatin tissue, the copper
is painted over with asphaltum. The cylinder
is now put in the etching-tub. As it revolves

474

THE INLAND PRINTER

in its bearing (usually turned by hand), an
etching-fluid (chlorid of iron) is poured over
and eats through the gelatin, immediately be¬
ginning to etch the copper under the thinnest
squares of the gelatin. Two or three strengths
of etching-fluid are generally used, and the etch¬
ing continues, according to the subjects, until
the entire “picture” is etched into the copper.
Where the gelatin tissue is thinnest, the etch¬
ing is deepest; where the gelatin is thickest,
the etching is lightest, thereby giving the vari¬
ous tones. Under the etching-fluid the copper
loses its brightness, and as soon as the oper¬
ator sees that the last particulars are etched
sufficiently, according to his judgment, he pours
on water, thereby stopping all further etching.
The remaining gelatin is removed with hot
water and the finished cylinder is ready to go
on the printing-press.

It will then be found that the fine cross-lines
of the screen in the gelatin tissue have pro¬
tected the copper from etching. The square
cells between the lines (the picture) have been
etched only to the various depths, an exact dup¬
licate of the “ positive.”

Finally, the preparation of the copper cylin¬
ders: If copper tubes are purchased (usually
one-half of an inch thick), a turning-lathe is
needed for turning down (taking off the etched
picture after a run on the press is completed)
and repolishing the copper, which is done either
by hand with stones and charcoal, or by special
precision polishing-devices.

When electrolytic depositing can be pro¬
vided, a dynamo and depositing tanks are re¬
quired, and the tubes can be made of iron,
brass or copper. But this is a subject of its
own and will be treated at a later date.

COSTS OF BINDERY OPERATIONS

By R. T. PORTE

IN the course of preparing a price-list on
printing for the use of the printers of
Salt Lake City, the question of price and
cost on bindery operations was presented,
and I soon discovered that the various cost
prices in other price-lists were more or less con¬
fusing, yet no complete price-list could be gotten
out without some sort of cost of the various
bindery operations. Every estimator has some
“rule-of-thumb” method for figuring out the
numerous bindery operations, but they rarely
get the same result each time. This must be
avoided in getting out a price-list that can be
quoted as being correct, and of practical use.

I also discovered that the various trade bind¬
eries all had “ rule-of-thumb ” methods but no
definite prices. In fact, I have secured three
different prices from the same binder on iden¬
tically the same job. This state of affairs was
very discouraging, but after some thought and
study it occurred to me that it would be a good
plan to make a set of scales, all figured out, so
that the printer or the binder could point to a
certain operation and there find the cost.

Note. — - This is the first of a series of twelve articles, with tables,
on the cost of bindery work. Copyright, 1918, by R. T. Porte.

The reason all the bindery operations are
made on a cost basis is because the trade binder
must sell his work at a price to which the
printer can add a profit, and, also, the printer
with his own bindery must estimate his work on
a cost basis and then add a profit.

Bindery selling-price tables would not meet
the needs of the printer or trade bindery, there¬
fore all the tables are figured on a cost basis,
and a profit should always be added when sell¬
ing to the customer.

All prices are figured on an even five cents,
in order to get away from the odd-cent figures,
which look rather funny when the prices of most
printers run about one hundred per cent in dif¬
ference. This method of figuring may cause
some inconsistencies to appear, but they are so
slight they are not worth discussing.

PADDING

The one operation that is used more, per¬
haps, than any other in the average bindery is
tabbing, or padding. This is placing straw-
board or chipboard between each hundred or
more sheets of paper, putting a glue composi¬
tion on one or two ends, then trimming the

THE INLAND PRINTER

475

paper neatly, after which the pads are cut apart.
This process keeps the sheets in order, makes
the job look better and saves wastage.

There are many schemes for padding, some
using a sort of cloth, called super, which helps

No.

Pads

Sheets

4>^x6

6x9

51^x8^

8^x11

8^x14

11x17

500

$ .15

$ .15 !

g .15

$ .20

1 .

.20

.25

.30

.35

.30

.35

.40

.50

.65

.40

.45

.55

.70

.95

.50

.55

.70

.95

.25

.60

.65

.85® 1.10

.50

.65

.75

1.00

1.30

.75

.70

.85

1.15 3K 1.50

.00

.75

.90

1.30

1.70

.25

.80

.95

1.40

l f 1-85

.50

100

10m

.85

1.00

1.50

2.00

.75

125

12}4m

.95

1.25

1.90

2.50

.35

150

15m

1.05

1.50

2.30

3.00

.95

175

17y£m

1.15

1.75

2.70

3.50

.50

200

20m

1.25

2.00

3.10

4.00

.00

250

25m

1.50

2.50

3.75

5.00

.25

300

30m

1.75

2.90

4.40

6.00

.50

350

35m

2.00

3.20

5.05

7.00

.75

400

40m

2.25

3.50

5.70

8.00

.00

450

45m

2.50

3.80

6.35

9.00

.25

500

50m

3.00

4.10

7.00

10.00

12.

.50

750

75m

4.00

6.00

10.25

14.00

18.

1000

100m

5.00

7.75

13.50

18.00

23.

Table

No. 1. — Cost of :

Padding

or Tableting, 100 Sheets

to Pad.

to bind the paper and adds strength to the pads.
Others use marble paper or colored paper over
the glue. There are several padding composi¬
tions on the market for this purpose. The
varieties of padding are almost without number.

For years padding was given to the customer
without extra charge. The writer well remem¬
bers when he would gladly tab the job if the
customer would only buy it.

Like all new things in the printing business,
the cost system is to blame for waking the
printer to the fact that it costs real money to
pad a job, and then came the flow of advice as
to what to charge. Lists were gotten out some¬
thing like this : Padding letter-heads, two cents
a pad; one hundred pads or more, one-half cent
a pad less.

According to this, eighty pads would cost
$1.60, while one hundred would cost $1.50.

In arranging the cost scale (Table No. 1)
printed herewith, a great many things were
taken into consideration, the first being the mat¬
ter of padding two-on. Reference to the scale
will show one hundred pads $y2 by 8 y2 inches
cost $1, while fifty pads %y> by 11 inches will
cost 85 cents, the difference being for the extra

trimming for the smaller pads when padded
double. Other figures will be of a like nature.

To use the scale, all that is necessary is to
know the size of the pads, the number of pads
or quantity of stock, and if the pads are to be
of one hundred sheets each; the price is easily
found, with no figuring, “ guesstimating,” or
mental effort.

Like all the scales that will be presented in
this series, this one was carefully checked and
compared with many records of cost and price¬
lists gotten out in various parts of the country,
and is believed to be a fair average of cost.

TAGBOARD BINDING

Table No. 2 covers the work and material of
binding sheets of paper in books of one hun¬
dred, with a tagboard back and front, fastened
with wire stitches, and a cloth back covering
the stitches. It is about the cheapest method
of binding that is in use, and is a very common
class of work. The covers are not hinged.

The scale covers books in quantities of from
one to five hundred, and possibly should be more

Books

2^x5

3x12

7x8 #

8>^xll

9^x12

8^x14

$ .25

1 .30

.30

.35

.40

.35

.40

.45

.50

.40

.45

.50

.55

.60

.45

.50

.60

.65

.70

.50

.55

.65

.75

.80

.55

.60

.70

.85

.90

.60

.65

.75

.95

1.00

.65

.70

.80

1.05

1.10

.70

.75

.85

1.15

1.20

.75

.85

.95

1.25

1.40

.85

.90

1.10

1.55

1.70

1.00

1.25

1.50

2.00

2.10

1.15

1.50

1.80

2.30

2.50

1.30

1.75

2.10

2.60

2.90

1.45

2.00

2.40

2.90

3.30

1.60

2.25

2.70

3.20

3.70

1.75

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.10

1.90

2.75

3.25

3.75

4.50

2.35

3.25

4.00

4.65

5.50

100

2.80

3.75

4.75

5.50

6.50

250

6.50

9.00

11.50

13.00

14.50

500

12.50

17.50

22.00

25.00

27.50

Table No. 2. — Cost of Tagboard Binding, Tagboard Top and
Bottom with Cloth Back, Wire-Stitched,

100 Leaves or Less to Book.

extended in covering the larger quantities, but
for average purposes the scale will fill all
requirements.

The same method of taking care of two-on
work is used in this as in the previous table,
and no consideration as to this should be given.
Take the scale covering the size nearest to that

476

THE INLAND PRINTER

of the job in hand, and the prices for the
required number of books.

This list, also, has been compared with many
cost records and price-lists, and is believed to
be a fair average of cost.

CHECK-BINDING

Table No. 3 covers work and material for
binding paper with marble-board top and bot¬
tom, the first being “hinged” and with a strip

Books

3x12

7x8 34

834x11

9^4x12

814x14

814x17

11x14

14x17

$ .25

S .25

$ .30

$ .35

$ .45

.40

.50

.55

.65

.55

.65

.75

.85

.65

.70

.80

.95

1.05

.75

.85

.95

1.10

1.25

.85

1.00

1.10

1.25

1.45

.95

1.10

1.15

1.25

1.40

1.65

1.05

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.55

1.80

1.15

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.65

1.90

1.25

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.75

2.00

1.35

1.50

1.65

1.75

2.05

2.30

1.50

1.60

1.85

2.00

2.50

2.75

1.75

1.85

2.20

2.50

3.00

3.50

1.95

2.10

2.55

3.00

3.50

4.00

2.15

2.35

2.90

3.40

4.00

4.60

2.35

2.60

3.25

3.80

4.50

5.20

2.50

2.85

3.60

4.20

5.00

5.80

2.65

3.10

3.95

4.60

5.50

6.40

2.80

3.35

4.30

5.00

6.00

7.00

3.65

4.45

5.90

7.00

8.50

10.00

100

4.50

5.50

7.50

9.00

11.00

13.00

250

11.00

13.25

17.50

22.00

24.75

27.50

500

20.00

25.00

30.00

40.00

45.00

50.00

Table No. 3. — Cost of Check-Binding, 100 Leaves or Less
to Book, Marble-Board Top and Bottom,

Cloth Back, Trimmed Flush.

of “super” on the inside of the board for the
hinge, and a piece of “holland” covering
the back. Wire stitches hold the hinge and
the paper.

This class of work is probably more exten¬
sively used than any other method of binding,
particularly for check-books, vouchers, and
other papers for more or less permanent use.

The scales cover the very cheapest method
for doing this work, with little or nothing in
the way of fancy trimmings. Many strip their
boards, put on extra hinges, and use other
methods, which will add to the cost given in the
scales.

The smaller shops buy gummed “holland”
and strip the cover for the hinge, and use a wide
piece to cover the stitches and the back. The
scales cover this class of work.

It must be remembered that the scales do not
cover the cost of making a hinge on the bottom
board, nor extra work of any character.

This list, also, has been compared with many
cost records and price-lists, and is believed to
be a fair average of cost.

EXTRA CHECK-BINDING

Table No. 4 covers the “check-binding” of
years ago when marble board was not thought
of, and was the lowest class of binding at that
time. It is used somewhat today, and is far
superior to the cheaper check-binding in Table
No. 3, but the tendency to cheapen has put this
class of binding out of the running. Many in¬
sist on having this binding, and for that reason
a scale has been made covering the better grade.

This class of work consists of a “ case ” made

of strawboard, covered with marble paper,

pasted

on a

fly-leaf

of the

papers

to be

bound.

Books

3x12

7x834

834x11

934x12

834x14

834x17

11x14

14x17

1 %

$ .30

$ .35

$ .40

$ .45

$ .50

.55

.60

.70

.85

.90

.80

.85

1.00

1.25

1.30

1.00

1.10

1.25

1.55

1.70

.95

1.20

1.30

1.50

1.85

2.10

1.40

1.50

1.75

2.15

2.45

.25

1.55

1.70

2.00

2.40

2.70

1.70

1.90

2.25

2.65

3.10

,55

1.85

2.10

2.50

2.95

3.45

.70

2.00

2.25

2.75

3.25

3.75

.00

2.30

2.55

3.25

3.75

4.30

.45

2.75

3.10

4.00

4.50

5.05

3.50

4.00

5.00

5.75

6.50

.35

3.85

4.35

5.45

6.30

7.25

.75

4.20

4.70

5.90

6.85

8.00

.05

4.55

5.05

6.30

7.45

8.75

.40

4.90

5.40

6.70

8.00

9.50

.70

5.20

5.70

7.10

8.50

10.25

.00

5.50

6.00

7.50

9.00

11.00

.00

6.75

7.50

9.75

12.00

15.00

100

.00

8.00

9.00

12.00

15.00

19.00

250

.00

18.50

22.50

27.50

35.00

45.00

500

.00

35.00

40.00

52.50

67.50

85.00

Table No. 4. — Cost of Extra Check-Binding, Marble or Litho
Paper Sides, Cloth Back, Fly-Leaves, Trimmed Flush,
Etc., 100 Leaves or Less to Book.

and wire-stitched on the back. A cloth back is
put over the stitches and hinge, and the book
trimmed flush.

A still better grade of this same binding is
with overhanging covers, turned-in back, and
not trimmed flush. This is a much more expen¬
sive method and is so little used that it is not
worth making a scale for.

As in the other tables, two-on sizes are taken
care of, and in taking the figures the finished
size should be used, regardless of whether the
job is run one or more on.

This list, also, has been compared with many
cost records and price-lists, and is believed to
be a fair average of cost.

THE INLAND PRINTER

477

FROM COPYHOLDER TO PROOFREADER

No. 4.— By H. B. COOPER

MY friend at Radcliffe College
whose psychology studies under
Professor Hugo Miinsterburg
were passed on informally to
me, from day to day, one time remarked:
“ Did I ever tell you how Mary Warren, out

in - , Iowa, could not sleep one night for

thinking that perhaps she had not turned off
the gas after her cooking demonstration in the
afternoon? She was teacher of cooking in the
public schools, and had a little demonstration-
room built to order for her, quite separate
from the big city schoolhouses. It was her
special domain, where she lectured to the girls
and showed them how to make things. Well,
at the close of that day she had locked up her
place as usual, and now — hours afterward —
was too worried to sleep, because she could not
remember whether she had turned off the gas
or not. She was afraid her classroom would
burn down. Nothing would do but she must
get out of bed that dark, stormy night, walk
two miles, and two miles back again, just to
satisfy herself. Of course she had turned off
the gas !

“Now, no one of us in Professor Miinster-
burg’s class would ever fare forth into the
night on such an errand. We have been saved
from doing fool stunts like that. He teaches
us to do routine things in orderly succession
— subconsciously if possible — and then to
count them done whether we remember or not.
Some of us have lengthy routines that we have
practiced doing when we are consciously busy
with other matters. There is a suggestion in
this of doubling our efficiency, if we can only
work it out. It takes practice, of course.
You’ve seen me picking up the books for my
afternoon classes, and letters to mail, and keys
and purse and gloves and whatever else I
might require, without stopping to put into
conscious thought: ‘I need this and I need
that.’ Classes change on different days of the
week, and I must pick up different books ac¬
cordingly; but all this I know deep down in
my subconsciousness, and I can be thinking of

something else at the same time that I am
doing the routine things. Worry spoils it all
— wasting time and introducing the factor of
confusion. If I’m going to worry, afterward,
about whether I mailed my letters when I came
to the letter-box, I’d much better stop and say
to myself: ‘I’ve letters to mail, and here’s
where I mail them.’ I seldom remember
whether I mailed my letters or not, but they
all reach their destination just as surely as
though I did. The point is, it’s quite unneces¬
sary to bother about the routine things at all
if one can learn to do them on the side with¬
out bothering. Suppose you try it out in your
proofroom, as you see me trying it out at home.
There are great possibilities in it — and above
all it means a free mind.”

So I took the spellings.

Why the spellings?

Because I thought they would be good
practice material. Punctuation, capitalization,
spacing, etc., were more or less matters of
proofroom style, comparatively new to me and
not part and parcel of my consciousness as yet,
as spellings had long since become. There
was something elementary about the letters of
words, something that harked back in my case
to the time when, a three-year-old, I had
learned to read. And in all the years between
then and now I had become “ established,
strengthened, settled” in orthographic require¬
ments. Aside from proper names and tech¬
nical or foreign-language words, I suppose
that fully ninety-eight per cent of the words
that crowded past me in the proofroom were
old familiar friends that it seemed I had
always known. But the trouble was, their
crowding.

So many words ! Hundreds or even thou¬
sands of them to a page, according to the size
of the sheet — and one never knows which
may be wrong. Somewhere in the hurrying,
jostling crowd a misspelling gets by, alas ! And
it quite spoils something, if only the proofread¬
er’s peace of mind. It is worse than a blot
upon the page. I wondered if there was any

478

THE INLAND PRINTER

way of looking over a press-proof and finally
O. K’ing it without fear that the big press
wheels would turn out a misspelling every time
they revolved.

When I told my friend what a field I had
found to try my experiments in, she said:

“That’s great! Think of knowing for sure
ninety-eight out of every hundred words!

“Now, psychologically, the first thing is for
you to lose your fear of a crowd. You say
that ninety-eight words out of one hundred are
good old friends of yours that you would rec¬
ognize on sight; that individually they are
powerless to harm you, but you are afraid of
them collectively because they jostle and jam
one another so, and in the crowd a misspelling
is likely to get by. Nothing will get by if you
see to it that it doesn’t! That’s up to you!
And if there is such a thing as being sure of
a line or a paragraph, you can be just as sure
of a whole page. Guard the paragraphs and
they’ll make up into pages all right. The
pages are no different; there is no new prin¬
ciple involved, is there?”

“No,” I said, “I have almost lost my fear
of a crowd already, if the twos do not get
mixed up with the ninety-eights. I should be
able to handle the ninety-eights — any multiple
of them — and not mind their jostling. The
more, the merrier. But I’ll have to hold a pri¬
vate session with myself about the twos.”

I held many a private session with myself
thereafter. As the words passed by in endless
procession, familiar though ninety-eight out of
one hundred of them were, I found that I
must give them the once-over — or what is
called the “ double-o ” — consciously, before
passing them on to my subconsciousness. This
is necessary for any kind of a sharp lookout.
Watch the next man you see driving an auto¬
mobile. A dozen things connected with the
machine he may have learned to do subcon¬
sciously, but there is a wonderful concentra¬
tion of his highest mental powers upon the
lookout. If his mental reactions to what is
happening along the road were not quick as
a flash he would be unfit to guide the machine.
So, too, slow mental reactions might disqualify
the proofreader for lookout work such as I
am trying to describe : The X-ray flash as
each word passes by, its recognition, and a

check upon its meaning. Let go ! The sub-
consciousness does the rest. While the X-ray
is still upon the word, splitting it up into its
component parts, it is good routine to run a
pencil or one’s fingers over each separate letter
and to check up the word syllabically. I have
learned to follow my pencil — which keeps the
eye from jumping letters — with the fingers of
my left hand covering and hiding from sight
the successive syllables. This was a great find

Wednesday, May 30 - j ' j

WILLIAM FARNUM in j

ATAIL OF TWO CITIES I

Path© Presents RUTH ROLAND In The Neglected Wife-No. 2 i

In the moving-picture display advertisement repro¬
duced here the proofreader missed his first check on the
simple four-letter word “Tale,” letting it go as some
compositor had set it: “Tail.” The unfortunate “Tail”
was on exhibition for fully a week in hundreds of store
windows in one of the largest cities of the country.

for me, giving the double check on letters and
syllables too. Try it! There’s no patent on
the discovery.

All this procedure is the work of but a mo¬
ment, and one learns to keep up, usually, with
the copyholder’s reading aloud or one’s own
silent reading. If a word is wrong, make it
right. If it is doubtful in meaning or spelling,
put a ring around it — do not dare to let it
get by! It is one of the troublemaker twos.
Guessing at these, or “ taking a chance,” lets
the misspellings into your work, and nobody
is to blame for the resultant confusion but
yourself.

According to the system here outlined, there
are three separate checks for every word you
are sure of, and a ring around every word you
are not sure of. The latter should form a
constantly diminishing group, since words you
are not sure of today will be a part of your
stock in trade tomorrow. “ Pastor enuritus
of Bethany Presbyterian Church,” for “ Pastor
emeritus was allowed to slip into a church
program recently by a proofreader who did
not know what the Latin word meant and was
not fussy about finding out ! A word like that
should not be released from its ring until it
has shown its credentials.

What an elimination of worries in the three¬
fold checking system for every familiar word:

THE INLAND PRINTER

479

First, there is the O. K. of the conscious
mind for meaning. This takes care of the
sense — the most important part of proofread¬
ing — and finely discriminates between such
tricky little things as words with different spell¬
ings and meanings but similar sounds: “Ap¬
prise,” “appraise”; “ri&-proof underwear,”
“ rip-proof.” Or words with different spell¬
ings and meanings but identically the same
sound: “Golden mien,” “lemon peal” “a
tail of two cities” (see reproduction herewith),
“ she poured over a book.” The subconscious

INDEPENDENT

By CHESLA

THE law of independent contractors
will never cease to be a source of the
greatest interest to all employers, inas¬
much as it involves, on the one hand,
complex problems under the workmen’s com¬
pensation acts, and, on the other hand, ques¬
tions of the employer’s liability to third parties.
At common law, an independent contractor had
no right to maintain an action for damages for
injuries received while performing service for
another. He was held to have contracted away
his ordinary rights in consideration of the con¬
tract price, and to have assumed all risks inci¬
dent to the employment.

That principle of law is familiar to every
employer. Cases of this kind were frequently
found in the courts, with the result that the law
on the question was soont reasonably well estab¬
lished. The change in sentiment soon brought
the underlying principles of the compensation
acts to the surface and the great majority of
the States enacted these principles into law.

The question very naturally came up under
the new statutes, as it had under the old
common law practice, and, as a result, we find
the courts confronted with a new perplexity.
Some held that the law as decided under com¬
mon law practice was still in force and they did
not hesitate to apply it, denying the injured par¬
ties any recourse. Others were of the opinion
that the compensation statutes offered relief
from this portion of the common law as well,
and swept aside all precedents and looked to

mind would be quite capable of spelling
“ p-o-u-r-e-d ” and letting it go at that! It has
happened more than once.

Second, with the assistance of a pencil and,
third, the fingers of the left hand there is the
subconscious checking up of all the letters and
syllables of words.

Really, is there anything left to worry about,
or to prevent the attainment of a one hundred
per cent standard of good spelling?

I shall be interested to hear of your experi¬
ments along this line.

CONTRACTORS

C. SHERLOCK

the real relationship existing between the par¬
ties to determine the question rather than to
the mere contract of employment itself. But
these latter decisions are far in the minority
and do not, by any means, express the weight
of authority on the subject at this time. They
merely are an indicator pointing the way which
this subject is leading the courts.

Eventually, no doubt, the majority of the
courts of this country will come to the point
where they will refuse to apply the harsh
construction of the term “independent con¬
tractor” which was formerly, and is now, per¬
missible.

But there is another reason why the question
of independent employment is of more than
passing interest to employers. Oftentimes cer¬
tain individuals rendering service to employers
cause injury to third parties. If the so-called
certain individuals are employees, then the em¬
ployer will be liable in an action for damages
brought by the injured parties; if the certain
individuals are not employees, then the em¬
ployer would not be liable for their acts, because
they are independent contractors and would,
themselves, be liable.

Take, for instance, a transfer man who is
hauling freight for a publishing-house. A roll
of paper drops off his wagon, injuring a third
person. Is the transfer man an employee or
an independent contractor? It naturally fol¬
lows that if he is an employee, the publisher
would be liable for the payment of damages to

480

THE INLAND PRINTER

the injured party; but if this is not true, and the
transfer man is, in fact, an independent con¬
tractor, then he, himself, would be liable for
the damages.

The courts, of course, have passed upon this
question many times. In fact, when we consider
these cases, we are getting into the very hotbed
of the subject of independent employment.

In a New York case, action was brought for
the death of a brakeman who was injured by a
plank which a teamster, engaged in unloading
a car standing on a siding, allowed to project
so far over the side of the car that it struck the
brakeman, who was standing at the end of a
freight car which was moving along the main
track. It appeared that the teamster had asked
the defendant if he might haul back a load of
freight for him, as he was going to town to get
a new wagon. In getting the freight, the acci¬
dent occurred. It further appeared that the
teamster was not under the direction or control
of the defendant at the time of the injury, save
as to the result of his work. For that reason,
it was held that the teamster was an independent
contractor and that the defendant was not liable
for the damages sought.

There are dozens of other cases on this point,
but the trail is so well beaten that it does not
seem necessary to consume the time and space
to specifically mention more of them. How¬
ever, it seems that the following elements must
always be present in cases of independent em¬
ployment: First, a contract of hiring; second,

absence of control or direction of employer over
the employed as to the manner in which the work
is to be done, save as to the result of the work
done.

The judicial conception of an independent
contractor is simply that of a person who, being
in the exercise of a distinct and recognized trade,
craft, or business, undertakes to do a certain
work without submitting himself to the control
of the employer in respect to the details of that
work.

Some of the definitions given by the courts
are as follows :

“ One who, exercising an independent em¬
ployment, contracts to do a piece of work ac¬
cording to his own methods, and without being
subject to the control of his employer, except
as to the result of his work.” — Powell vs. Const.
Co., 13 S. IV., 691.

“ One who is subject to his employer as to the
results of his work only.” — Knoxville Iron Co.
vs. Dobson, 7 Lea, 367.

“ Any one who follows a recognized indepen¬
dent calling has been held to be an independent
contractor.” — 7/ Me., 318.

“ The test to determine whether one who ren¬
ders service to another does so as a contractor
or not is to ascertain whether he renders the
service in the course of an independent occu¬
pation representing the will of his employer
only as to the result of his work and not as to
the means by which it is accomplished.” — Hex-
amer vs. Webb, 101 N. Y., 383.

□

- ° Work ° -

Set it down as a fact to which there are no excep¬
tions, that we must labor for all that we have, and
that nothing is worth possessing, or offering to
others, which costs us nothing. — JOHN TODD

. .

■

li ■ I

/, .■ ;

i : •• 'l

J i

*3".

■ !' 1 1 , . . ' .. ;

Inti .ffiByiL-

• •

COVER-PAGE OF AN ENGRAVER’S HOUSE-ORGAN.

The above design was used as the cover of Plate Progress, the house-organ of the Jahn & Ollier
Engraving Company, Chicago, by which company the design and the plates were
made. Printed in four colors by The Henry O. Shepard Company,

Chicago, Ault & Wiborg process inks being used.

THE INLAND PRINTER

481

The attention of The Inland Printer has
been called to the fact that some printers have
experienced difficulty through copper plates being
spoiled by the use of imitation peacock or sky-blue
inks. Under ordinary circumstances, this mate¬
rial will not harm a copper plate in any manner
whatever ; but since ink manufacturers have had
difficulty in securing some of the materials nec¬
essary to the manufacture of printing-ink, peacock
blue is out of the market and, owing to their stocks
being exhausted, many of the manufacturers have
been forced to resort to the use of a combination
of colors containing ultramarine blue. This latter
blue should never be used on a copper plate unless
the plate has been nickeled. Printers and press¬
men should bear this in mind and make certain,
when using these colors, that the inks contain
nothing injurious to copper.

New Features for 1918.

The Inland Printer takes pleasure in an¬
nouncing several new features, starting with this
issue, which, we believe, will prove of great
interest and benefit to our many readers.

A special department, under the title “ Col¬
lectanea Typographical will be devoted to short
comments on the literary and historical sides of
printing. This will be under the supervision of
Henry L. Bullen, librarian of the Typographic
Library and Museum, Jersey City, New Jersey,
who is too well known to our readers as an author¬
ity on matters pertaining to the historical side of
printing to need introduction. Questions regard¬
ing historical and biographical matters will be
answered through this department.

W. H. Hatton, instructor of printing in the
Baron de Hirsch Trade School, New York, will
conduct a department devoted to the interests of
teachers of printing, the object of which will be to
discuss the various phases of teaching printing,
the problems confronting the instructor, equip¬
ment, management, series of exercises, and other
matters pertaining to the instruction of those
starting out in the printing-trade. Questions
relating to these subjects will be welcomed and
answered. In view of the widespread interest that
4-4

is being taken in the teaching of printing in the
various vocational schools, and also the fact that
upon the proper training of the apprentice depends
the character and ability of the future printer, this
feature should be of particular value at this time.
The introductory article by Mr. Hatton will be
found in the first section of this issue.

Another department will be devoted to the
activities of the employing printers’ organizations
of the country, special emphasis being placed upon
what these organizations are doing for the im¬
provement of trade conditions in their different
localities. Through organized effort alone can the
proper advancement be made and the industry
placed upon a sounder basis. It is the hope and
belief of The Inland Printer that this contribu¬
tion to the work of the trade organizations will
prove beneficial to the industry as a whole.

The regular departments heretofore appearing
each month will be continued, with the exception
of the one under the heading “ Bookbinding.” In
place of that department we will present a series
of articles on the costs of bindery operations.
Many requests have been received from time to
time for cost figures on various common bindery
operations, but it has been difficult to secure satis¬
factory figures. Our attention was recently called
to some tables of costs gotten out by the printers’
organization at Salt Lake City, and arrangements
have been made with R. T. Porte, the compiler of
the tables, for a series of articles describing them,
and the right to print them for the benefit of the
trade in general. The first article of the series
appears in this issue. Mr. Porte does not claim
that the figures he presents are the last word on
the subject, nor that they are absolutely correct
and will apply under all conditions, but he feels
that this is the first attempt to make a cost-list that
gives a price without leaving more or less figuring
to be done by the printer. We believe that this
series will be an important contribution to the
printing-trade this coming year, and we ask our
readers to carefully check the costs given with
their records and give others the benefit of their
experience if the records do not correspond with
the prices and amounts given by Mr. Porte.

482

THE INLAND PRINTER

Repeal the Zone System of Second-Class Matter.

The attention of our readers is called to a spe¬
cial page, bearing the heading, “ Strangling the
Periodicals,” appearing in the advertising section
of this issue. We urge an earnest consideration
of the matter presented on that page, as it is of
vital importance to the printing industry, and to
the country as a whole, at the present time. Strong
efforts are being put forth toward having the
postal amendment placing the zone system on
second-class postage, rushed through the last ses¬
sion of Congress, repealed, and these efforts should
have the support of the entire reading public. A
bill, designed to do away with the zone system, has
already been introduced by Senator Reed Smoot.

Publishers do not, and will not, oppose just
war taxe§. They stand ready to do their full share
with all other businesses — and are doing it, as is
evidenced by the readiness with which they have
given of their time and space to make known the
needs of the country in the present crisis — and
a fair increase, should proper investigation show
it necessary, will meet with no opposition from
them. The zone system as it now applies to
second-class mail, however, places an extra tax
on the publishers, one that is not required of other
lines of business, and will make it impossible for
many to continue their publications. The effect
of this will be far-reaching. The reading public
is depending upon the magazines and periodicals
for information and educational matter. Business
men in all lines are looking to their trade jour¬
nals and business papers for information that will
enable them to meet the changing conditions.
Periodicals form a large part of the work passing
through the printing-plants, and to put any num¬
ber of them out of business will reduce the amount
of that work and force men out of employment.

Furthermore, the burden of the increased post¬
age caused by zoning second-class matter, which,
it is estimated, will range from fifty to nine hun¬
dred per cent, will not fall equally on the publish¬
ers in the different parts of the country. Those
in the extreme East or West will necessarily stand
a much larger share than those in the Central
States. The result of the zone system will be the
sectionalizing of the press and the country, and
that at a time when a free and united press and
the unification of all efforts and interests are an
absolute necessity.

The postal system was instituted as a public
service, not a money-making proposition. Second-
class postage was inaugurated for the purpose of
fostering the wider dissemination of matter that
forms a large part of the educational life of the
country, and which is the only medium of educa¬

tion many are able to secure. To tax second-class
matter is to place a tax on education. It will react
against the interests of the general public and is
an unwise piece of legislation.

Again we urge an earnest consideration of
the arguments presented on the special page
referred to.

“Sound Printing.”

The progress made in the development of the
phonograph since its invention about forty years
ago has undoubtedly far surpassed the fondest
dreams of its inventor. Surely it has far exceeded
the expectations of those who first read of its
invention, or who were privileged to hear the first
reproductions of the human voice. Undoubtedly,
very few indeed considered it as anything beyond
a mere novelty, or had any conception of the extent
to which it would be used.

The inspiration from which this train of
thought started came after reading an interesting
editorial note, entitled “ Sound Printing,” which
appeared in the second issue of The Inland
Printer, November, 1883, reading as follows:

A few years ago, when the phonograph first made its appearance,
there was no end to speculation as to the possibilities of its future. It
was predicted by some that it would supersede printing to some extent ;
that the impressions of the needle on the metallic sheet would eventually
be perfected so that duplicates of impressed sheets could be produced
as readily as sheets of paper ; and that by the use of a perfected machine
for reproducing the sounds the eyes would, in a great measure, be
relieved of the strain of reading poor type. The gate seemed opening to
a wonderful field of invention, but the phonograph has never yet pi'oved
to be more than a very interesting toy. To some it may seem strange
that such a wonderful invention should be made and no practical results
follow, but this has been the history of many wonderful discoveries.
America had been discovered more than one hundred years before the
permanent settlement was made. Probably a majority of the valuable
articles used today have been tardy in coming into practical use.

Should this or any other method of recording and preserving the liter¬
ature of the world ever be perfected by which the ear, instead of the eye,
would be brought into requisition, the whole system of education would
be revolutionized. Reading, as now practiced, would be transferred to
the classical scholar, who now devotes several years of his school life
to the study of Greek and Latin for the purpose of making himself
acquainted with the literature of the ancients, or to the antiquarian,
interested in searching ancient inscriptions and parchments. The voice
itself, and not arbitrary characters representing the different sounds of
the voice, could thus be preserved ; and not only so, but even the tones
peculiar to the individual would thereby be heard generations after the
tongue had ceased to speak.

Considering the widespread use that is now
being made of this invention — the extent to
which it is employed, not merely for amusement,
but as a practical, time-saving business device, and
by correspondence schools for teaching languages
— it seems as though the prognostication set forth
in this journal just over thirty-four years ago is
being fulfilled. While present conditions will prob¬
ably cause a temporary cessation of its further
development, along with that of many other inven¬
tions, we can look forward to still greater accom¬
plishments in the reproduction of the human voice
as a method of “ recording and preserving the
literature of the world.”

THE INLAND PRINTER

483

CORRESPONDENCE

good faith. All letters of more than one thousand words will be subject to revision.

LETTERS WE APPRECIATE.

To the Advertising Manager: New York City.

You are certainly to be congratulated on your Decem¬
ber issue of The Inland Printer. To see it lying on top
of a desk, one would never think of its being a trade-paper.
I have looked at the cover a dozen times, and admired it
more each time. I wish you would send me another copy
•of this issue. I want the extra copy to take home. To me
there is a tremendous satisfaction in advertising in a maga¬
zine that has “ class ” and, at the same time, a large cir¬
culation. Edna L. Travers,

Advertising Manager, Bingham Brothers Company.

‘To the Editor: Pittsfield, Massachusetts.

The December, or Christmas, issue of The Inland
Printer just reached my desk, and the cover-page is as
striking and artistic a page as I have ever seen. Surely
the man who designed the same is on his job; in fact, the
article beginning on page 321, “ John Swift, Superinten¬
dent — The Man Who Knew How,” fits this chap exactly.
I have looked through the Table of Contents trying to find
out whether or not credit was given this clever chap for
his efforts, but can not find it on this page.

I have “ fanned ” through the pages of the magazine
itself, from cover to cover, and it is chock-full of good
meat for a man who endeavors to be up and coming in the
printing game. The Christmas suggestions are fine indeed.

Pass along these good words to the clever chap who
designed the cover-page. William C. Root,

Secretary and Manager, Eagle Printing & Binding Company.

Editor’s Note. — We thank Mr. Root for this letter of
praise and encouragement, and are pleased to extend the
credit for the cover-design where it is due. The design
on the cover of our December issue, and also the frontis¬
piece, was the work of our associate editor, J. L. Frazier,
who is also in charge of the Job Composition Department.
Feeling that any credit line would detract from the designs,
Mr. Frazier purposely omitted giving himself the credit
for the work.

LEAD-POISONING ?

To the Editor: Baltimore, Maryland.

Certain bureaucrats in Washington are much perturbed
at intervals about lead-poisoning in typefoundries and in
printing-plants. Investigators have been covering the
country and telling these trades of their imminent danger
from this source. In an experience of more than forty
years on two continents, and in several States of this coun¬
try, I have never seen or heard of a case of lead-poisoning
in a printing-office or in a typefoundry. I have inquired
in many directions and have yet to find a printer or a
typefounder who has heard of a case. Perhaps some of

your numerous readers may be able to report some cases.
Perhaps I am wrong in my opinion that the multiplication
of investigators has much to do with the high cost of liv¬
ing. Are we being poisoned or are we being exploited?

Typo.

NEW YORK AS A PRINTING CENTER.

To the Editor: New York City.

S. H. Horgan’s article on the achievements of New York
in the field of inventions relating to printing [in the No¬
vember issue] is excellent reading. However, he is some¬
what inaccurate. Bruce’s typecasting machine never could
cast 200 types a minute; its speed is from 50 on ten-point
to 150 on six-point, at which rate it beats the hand-mold
hands down. David Bruce, Sr., did not introduce stereo¬
typing to America, though the Bruces were the first to
make a success of the process. John Watt was the man,
and the first book stereotyped was “ The Larger Cate¬
chism,” published in New York in 1813. Charles Craske
was not the inventor of papier-mache stereotyping. That
invention was made in London by two natives of Switzer¬
land. It was first used on the London Times in 1856.
They cast curved columns, which were secured in turtles
as type columns had been. A workman brought the proc¬
ess to New York, and Craske (an engraver) financed him,
and, with his backing, curved stereotypes of newspaper
pages were first successfully made and used in New York
in 1861. Silas P. Knight’s inventions were of great im¬
portance in electrotyping, but his wet black-leading patent
can scarcely be credited with making “ the electrotyping
process entirely practical for printing purposes.” The
first successful electrotypes for printing purposes were
made before Knight entered the field. His greatest ser¬
vice to the electrotyping art was the discovery that by
sprinkling cast-iron filings over the wax mold, and pour¬
ing a solution of sulphate of copper over the filings, a
thin layer of copper was instantaneously created over all
the surface. Before that discovery, which Knight pat¬
ented (I believe), the wax mold was put in the depositing-
tank and the copper deposited itself on the wax very
slowly. It was not until the copper had grown over the
whole surface of the wax that any speed could be secured
in depositing. Later, Knight invented the wet black¬
leading process, but it was never preferred to the dry
black-leading process until thirty years after, when the
half-tone came along to increase the difficulties of the
electrotyper. After some delay, it was discovered that
half-tones could be electrotyped successfully by means of
the wet black-leading process. The impact of the brushes
used in the dry process on the screen in the wax molds
of half-tones made it well-nigh impossible to make a

484

THE INLAND PRINTER

perfect replica in copper. The Adams press was invented
and first manufactured in Boston. Isaac and Seth Adams
made fortunes and then sold their press to the Hoes.
Roller-composition is an English invention, and was made
in a few printing-plants for their own use, until, in 1848,
Samuel Bingham, of New York, started the first roller
factory in America. Mr. Horgan has confused Leander
K. Bingham with his father, Samuel. L. K. Bingham
invented the so-called gatling-gun method of roller-casting
now used everywhere. His sons continue the business.
Rotary photogravure was invented in England and first
used for newspaper purposes in Germany. Steel-plate
engraving was invented in Newburyport, Massachusetts,
by Jacob Perkins, who gave Philadelphia the honor of
having the first steel-engraving plant.

I am sure Mr. Horgan will be glad to be corrected in
these few details. He himself has done notable things in
process engraving in his “ little old New York.” He was
the pioneer in the use of half-tones on newspaper presses.
I doubt, however, if he is a real New Yorker. New York
has had some great things done in it by able men who
were born and trained elsewhere. David Bruce, Sr., was
a Scotsman; Knight, Bingham, Gordon and the Adamses
were New Englanders; Craske came from old England;
J. A. Adams was a New Jersey man; and Bullock, De
Vinne, Kurtz and Thorne were outlanders. Of the names
mentioned by Mr. Horgan, only Richard March Hoe and
David Bruce, Jr., were actually New Yorkers, and New
York has every reason to be proud of them. As a rule,
however, when you scratch an eminent New Yorker deep
enough, you will discover that his brain power was first
generated somewhere else. New York undoubtedly does
produce more evanescent and effervescent literature in the
shape of periodicals than any other place, but very little
of the mass is read by New Yorkers. The atmosphere
of the city is detrimental to thought and study. Unless
one has been formed before he reaches New York, his
will usually be a state of arrested development. If an
outlander’s brain power is matured before coming to our
city, he will find easy pickings in this headquarters of the
gold-brick industry. W. E. L.

THE DIRECT- ADVERTISING CAMPAIGN OF THE
MORTIMER COMPANY.

To the Editor: Ottawa, Ontario.

We have read your excellent criticism of the first two
units of our direct-advertising campaign and feel gratified
that it has appealed to you in such a way as to warrant
the use of the space devoted to the criticism; but we would
draw your attention to the fact that the assumption that
the Mortimer Company has abandoned all its sales staff on
account of the depletion owing to the war is erroneous.
Our sales and service department is still doing the same
work as heretofore, but is being augmented, as it were,
with this series of direct advertising. Perhaps you have
read some of our assertions in the preliminary letter and
booklet too literally. We do not anticipate any great
results directly accruing from this campaign, but, indi¬
rectly, we have great confidence in its success in enhancing
the sales of our business.

Over sixty volunteers to the colors, prior to the advent
of the Conscription Law, have answered the call from the
Mortimer Company’s staff, many of whom have either been
wounded or have made the supreme sacrifice in France;
and it is with the intention of meeting this man-famine that
the Mortimer Company is not only inaugurating a direct-
advertising campaign itself, but, by bringing these argu¬

ments before the Canadian business houses, hopes to prove
that its experience can be gained in an appreciable manner
by others who are handicapped by the same experience in
the difficulty of obtaining suitable help.

We are bringing this to your notice solely to elucidate
any assertions that hitherto have, perhaps, not been con¬
veyed in the real sense that was intended.

J. P. Byrne, Manager,

The Mortimer Company, Limited.

WHAT IS A PROOFREADER?

To the Editor: Chicago, Illinois.

This is a question that has been raised in consequence
of the confused, chaotic conditions existing in many of the
proofrooms of job and book offices under the jurisdiction
of Chicago Typographical Union, No. 16, in connection
with the exploitation of female revisers and copyholders by
permitting or requiring them to do readers’ work at about
half pay, work which should be done by a reader and for
which full scale should be paid. Many of these revisers
and copyholders are well qualified to do readers’ work, in
some instances even better than the readers with whom
they work.

Fair-minded employers are compelled to compete with
such underpaid help, to their manifest business disadvan¬
tage, and sometimes are obliged, in self-defense — to put it
in plain English — to rat their proofrooms.

There is no question in the minds of experienced heads
of proofrooms that the work of the reviser, and in some
cases even that of the copyholder, is of equal importance
to the work of the proofreader, and should be equally well
paid. In that case, however, revisers and copyholders
should be held to a degree of responsibility equaling that
of the reader. The observance of this principle would
demand equal competency on the part of all workers in the
proofroom, and would tend largely to diminish the evils
now existing, perhaps eliminate them altogether.

One thing is certain: It would be like the Millennium
to one in charge of a proofroom if he could call upon any
one under him to perform any operation required at any
time, with confidence that it would be done well, instead of
having to set aside certain work for certain persons, who
might already be overloaded, or stop others to take up
special operations, while others sit idle, resulting in more
or less delay in production. Fewer workers would be
required, increased results secured, with greater assur¬
ance of accuracy; inconvenience through temporary ab¬
sence of any one person would be lessened, and promises
could be kept; saying nothing of the avoidance of irrita¬
tion and anxiety on the part of all concerned.

Can employers and managers be brought to the view¬
point outlined above? It is safe to answer in the nega¬
tive. We are therefore brought back to the problem of
ameliorating conditions as they are, and by necessary leg¬
islation compelling employers to conform to what is to their
own interests as well as to the interests of the union and
of employees, relying on the results to secure recognition
of its justice and benefits.

One step suggested to be taken at the present time is
the division of proofroom employees into two distinct
classes, namely, (1) readers, and (2) copyholders. All
present revisers to be ranked as readers, paid as such and
taken into the union; those not competent, however, to go
into the copyholder class. This will help to define “ What
Is a Proofreader? ” Copyholders to be under the control
of the union, subject to examination for qualifications
before employment, and treated as apprentices.

THE INLAND PRINTER

485

The writer recommends International Union legislation
to secure uniform conditions of admission to membership,
based upon some standard of competency, throughout the
jurisdiction. At present it is possible, and I am informed
it has been done, for a person to go into a small or “ unor¬
ganized ” town and secure a card, that could not be
obtained in a place where proof of competency is insisted
upon, but which nevertheless is received and recognized.

Pending such legislation, it will be necessary to use
such safeguards against subterfuges and dishonest repre¬
sentations as can be devised. Members of the union found
guilty of aiding, abetting or conniving at methods whereby
incompetent persons gain admission to our organization
should be punished for such disloyal actions, which in most
cases are more far-reaching in their pernicious effects than
is generally realized.

Lack of cooperation and coordination of effort on the
part of local unions in matters of mutual interest may be
■considered as parallel to the conditions that have prevailed
on the various sectors in the war zone — a lack that has
come to be realized and for which a remedy is being sought
by the concentration of authority in a small war board.

Similarly, all conditions which affect the membership
at large should be taken out of the hands of locals and be
placed in the hands of the I. T. U. executives, leaving to
locals everything that pertains strictly to local interests
alone.

The foregoing is written in the hope that it will lead to
discussion and some remedial action.

Proofreader.

HIRING JOB-PRESS FEEDERS.

To the Editor: Chicago, Illinois.

How many printers are fortunate enough to say, “ I
never have any trouble hiring and keeping good job-press
feeders ”? It is safe to say that all printers who have job-
presses are tormented with this chronic trouble.

While, like most chronic diseases, this one can not be
.entirely cured, it can be greatly improved; and one of the
remedies is as follows:

For a battery of six job-presses, hire one good, steady
pressman and an intelligent boy, seventeen or eighteen
years of age, and four girls, each of whom should be over
•eighteen years of age and have at least a sixth-grade edu¬
cation. Have the pressman take the forms out of the
machines and set up guides for a card cut to about the
size of a postal card. Let the girls and the boy feed these
for half a day, then give them more difficult stock to feed
for about two days more.

The whole crew should then be able to handle printed
Jobs. All-quad guides should be used, and paper hoppers
will be of great assistance. In one week’s time this force
will turn out a fair grade of work, and the organization
•can be improved in efficiency in a short time.

After you have your feeders educated, do not make the
•common mistake that so many employers make by saying,
“ I paid them good wages to start with and raised them
a dollar weekly within a short time.” Those employees
soon learn to know the prevailing scale of wages paid for
this kind of work, and if they do not get the price from
'you they will go to your competitor. Personally, I have
never known any employee who was spoiled because his
•or her wages were raised too rapidly.

As soon as a feeder is able to handle the work efficiently,
he or she should be paid the prevailing scale of wages for
such work, and if this is done the employer will reap the
Ibenefits of his teachings. T. F. W.

INCIDENTS IN FOREIGN GRAPHIC CIRCLES.

BY OUR SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT.

GREAT BRITAIN.

Some of the British soldiers interned in Switzerland
are being taught bookbinding.

The printing-trades employees in another lot of En¬
glish and Scotch cities have been accorded war bonuses
and wage-scale increases.

At the Stafford police court a stationer was fined 9
shillings for a breach of the Shops Act, an assistant in
his shop having sold a post-card after closing hours.

For the roll of honor in connection with the printers’
war memorial there is already a list of over seven hundred
names of officers and men who have lost their lives at the
front.

Because wrapping-papers of all kinds are so scarce
and dear, people are becoming very economical in their
use, so much so that it is feared it will be difficult for
many years to get the consumption back to the pre-war
standard.

At a recent quarterly meeting of the Association of
Correctors of the Press, held in London, it was shown that
the society had a fund of nearly £8,000. At the meeting
the subject of training disabled soldiers to be proofreaders
was discussed.

The London agency of the Keystone Type Foundry, of
Philadelphia, formerly held by Soldan & Co., has been
transferred to C. W. Shortt & Co., Whitefriars street,
E. C., who are also the London agents of the American
Type Founders Company.

The Federated Printers’ Unions of London are asking
the London Master Printers’ Association for a further war
bonus of 6 shillings per week. The successive increases
so far during the war total 10 shillings for compositors,
etc., and 9 shillings for linotype operators.

The firm of D. C. Thomson & Co., of Dundee, and its
employees recently took occasion to pay a tribute to John
S. Robertson, a compositor, who had served the firm un¬
interruptedly for fifty years. A firm for whom it is pos¬
sible to work half a century is also entitled to a tribute.

To render available for manufacturers, dealers and
publishers accurate information regarding conditions in
the news-print paper industry, the Federal Trade Com¬
mission has decided to collect, compile and publish statis¬
tics of production, consumption, shipments, stocks on
hand, etc. Manufacturers of print-paper are required to
furnish a partial report each week and a more complete
report each month.

The oldest newspaper in Ireland is the Belfast News-
Letter, which on September 1 last celebrated its one hundred
and eightieth birthday. Beginning in 1737, it continued
as a biweekly until 1851, when it became a triweekly;
in 1855 it was changed into a daily. The present exten¬
sive offices in Donegal street are among the finest of their
kind in the United Kingdom, and the machinery is thor¬
oughly up to date.

The Newspapers Federation, which represents the pro¬
prietors of daily morning and evening papers in the North
and Midlands, after an interview with a deputation from
the National Union of Journalists, has decided to recom¬
mend to its members to pay their editorial staffs a war
bonus on a scale ranging from 20 shillings a week for
lowest-paid men to 7% shillings a week for those having
salaries of 75 shillings and over.

486

THE INLAND PRINTER

The Minister of Munitions has given notice that he has
taken possession of all pig lead (whether virgin or re¬
melted), old and scrap lead, and lead residues, now or here¬
after situated in the United Kingdom, with the exception
of such lead as may be in the possession of or due under
an existing lawful contract in writing for future delivery
to a manufacturer for use in such manufacturer’s own
works; and lead specially excepted under written author¬
ity. The lead of which possession is taken will be paid
for on delivery.

The noted art publishers, Raphael Tuck & Sons, had
ordered a $5,000 lot of goods from its American branch
at New York, for the importation of which they expected
to receive a license. This was refused by the Paper Com¬
mission, notwithstanding special application and explana¬
tions. Meantime the ordered goods were already under
way, a cablegram being too late to stop shipment. The
goods arrived at Liverpool, but delivery was not permitted
and they had to be shipped back to America, entailing a
loss of the sales already made from samples.

In the latter part of October, owing to a disagreement
between their union and the masters regarding wages and
hours of work, the printers of Dublin went out on a strike.
From four to five hundred employees are idle, and most of
the offices were affected. One concern settled with their
men and has given them an advance of 5 shillings per week
and a reduction of one hour in the working week. The
others claim that the granting of the men’s demands would
mean the finishing of Dublin’s remnant of the printing-
trade. The men want a 48-hour week and 10 shillings
advance in the weekly pay.

The Paper Commission has issued a new order, in the
form of a consolidation of previous orders. One of the
changes provides that catalogues and circulars from trader
to trader are included in the restriction of one-third of last
year’s quantity. The permission to issue catalogues and
posters printed previous to March is withdrawn. The
Commission also takes power into its hands, in the event
of any individual or section of trade being wasteful in the
use of paper for advertising purposes, to impose further
restrictions in such cases. The same thing will apply if
there is any waste of paper in respect of catalogues.

A few months ago a meeting was held at St. Bride’s
Institute, London, to urge the Government to provide
greater facilities for the education and training of those
employed in the printing-trades. Two schemes were dis¬
cussed: (1) The London County Council plan for a cen¬

tral school of printing, and (2) the selection, education
and training of boys for two years in a trade-school before
entering the printing-office. A resolution was adopted,
calling on the Government to take steps for early legisla¬
tion making attendance at technical schools during the day¬
time compulsory upon young people, as well as approving
the resolutions passed by the Education Committee of the
London County Council in favor of a central school of
printing to meet the needs of the London printing-trades.

The printing branch of the Leeds Technical School
has evening classes in bookbinding. The course for 1917-18
is divided into two stages. In the first stage there are
lectures on commercial bookbinding on Mondays from 7 to
8:30; a practical class in forwarding on Wednesdays from
7 to 10, and a class in pen-ruling on Tuesdays till Christ¬
mas, from 7 to 10. In the second stage the lectures are
also on Mondays, from 8:35 to 9:35, but the three-hour
practical class, which is in finishing, is held on Thursdays.
After Christmas a disk-ruling class will stai’t, to meet on
Tuesdays. The fee for each course is 5 shillings, and the

classes are composed of students actually engaged in the
trade. A complete equipment for forwarding and finish¬
ing, on the most approved lines, is provided for instruction.

The enormously increased demand for shrapnel threat¬
ens to require all, and more than all, the lead on the mar¬
ket. The Ministry of Munitions has, it is believed, had to
consider seriously the question of commandeering metal
from holders, even to the extent of stripping off roofing'
metal. A strong appeal has been made to the printing-
trade not only to economize in the use of lead and lead
compounds, but to release every possible pound of metal
at present stored in standing forms, stereotype plates, etc.,
and to put the strongest pressure on customers for whom
they hold metal in one shape or another to release it in
the national interest. It is pointed out that the present
price, which is steadily advancing, enables this to be done
at a considerable profit, and that forms might even be
molded now, and, if required, casts made from the molds
hereafter without loss, the high price of metal affording
a margin sufficient to pay for the molding, while the cer¬
tainty of an enormous drop in prices on the cessation of'
the demand for shrapnel gives a prospect of replacing
melted plates at a low cost.

ITALY.

The late Edoardo Scarfoglio, editor of the Mattino, of
Naples, was one of Italy’s most brilliant journalists.
Under his editorship that journal acquired considerable-
influence, not only in political but in literary matters.

The Italian ministry of finance recently announced
that, by way of modification of the earlier measures con¬
cerning the prohibition of the exportation of paper from
this country, the Italian customs authorities may in future
allow the exportation to any except enemy countries of'
the following kinds of paper only: Straw paper and rough
packing-paper, not made of cellulose; cigaret-paper ;
de luxe writing-paper in boxes, and hand-made paper. In
case of doubt as to whether a consignment sought to be
exported comes under any of these categories, a sample
is to be sent to the ministry of finance for decision. The
right of granting permission for the exportation of every
other kind of paper is again reserved by the ministry.

AUSTRIA.

Announcement is made of the death of Wilhelm
Singer, editor of the Neues Wiener Tageblatt, and presi¬
dent of the International Press Association. He was a
very prominent personality in Austrian journalism.

A QUESTION OF PUNCTUATION.

Charles Alma Byers, the magazine writer, who himself'
acknowledges that he was once the editor of a country
newspaper in a small Missouri town, tells the following,
says the National Monthly:

“ You can do some wonderful things with a few little
punctuation marks. Here, for instance, is an illustration :
The editor of a country weekly in a small town in Kansas,
near the Missouri line, published in one of his issues the
story of a little girl who asked for paper and pencil with
which to write a letter to God. The girl’s letter was brief.
It read: ‘ Good-by, God; we’re going back to Missouri.’

“ The editor of another weekly, in a town just across the-
border in Missouri, reprinted the story, but with the state¬
ment that, while the wording of the girl’s letter had per¬
haps been quoted correctly, there evidently had been a
mistake made, intentionally or otherwise, in the punctu¬
ating. ‘ This,’ he said, ‘ is what the girl intended : “ Good !!
By God, we’re going back to Missouri! ” ’ ”

THE INLAND PRINTER

487

Collectanea Cypograpblca

■por out of the oldc f ieldes, as men saitbe,
Cometh al this new come, from yere
to yere ;

Hnd out of oldc boohes, in good faitbe,
Cometh al this new science that men
lere.— Chaucer, 1340-1400.

* * * *

An Apology for Things That
Are Past.

To business that we love, we rise be-
time,

And go to ’t with delight.

— Shakespeare, 156^-1616.

THIS department is for those who
love Printing, not primarily for
what of wealth may be gained by it;
for, in fact, if that is one’s sole aim,
it were, perhaps, better to have chosen
some other occupation ; but for those
who have learned hbw beautiful it is
as an Art, who have lifted the veil of
its fascinating' history, and whose
blood flows redder and quicker as they
recognize in their daily calling the
seed of all other Arts and the chief
stimulus of progress in all the activ¬
ities and ideas and ideals of human¬
ity. “Art is not the bread, but the
wine of life,” and this department is
for those who would drink the wine
of the printer’s life, while not (we
hope) losing in the least their share of
the bread thereof.

The bread we gain is of the present;
once made, it quickly stales. Bread
has no history and no future. John
Pierpont Morgan, the elder, baked
much bread in his day, and despite
his industry his fame would fail in
a decade were it not that he craved
for the wine of life — his great
hospital, his great library and his
great art collections; these will make
him forever famous. Wine, if it is
made well, improves with age. It has
its history, and ’tis the wine of life
that makes the future roseate with
hope. “ Old wood is best to burn, old
wine to drink, old friends to trust,
and old authors to read.” Everything
that is good has a history and has its
roots in the Past. Everything that

By HENRY LEWIS BULLEN

Printer's Mark of Frederic Leonard, Frankfort-
on-Main, 1660.

Motto: “ From Darkness into Light.”

fires our Patriotism is of the Past.
Abolish yesterday, and you will wipe
out civilization. Put your infant
children on an island which the Past
has not touched (if that were possi¬
ble), and you will recommence the
history of mankind in barbarism and
darkness.

We wish every printer to have
plenty of the bread of life. We are
sad with those who, having the wine
of life, do not get enough of the
bread. We particularly admire those
whose granaries are filled to overflow¬
ing and are also rich in the wine of
life. Of such it may be said: “they
gain the whole world and save their
souls.” Such a man, known of all
printers, was De Vinne, who asserted
that the very love of the wine of the
printer’s life was a wonderful aid to
the acquisition of the necessary bread.
He proved it in his own career. No
printer ever had more pleasure in life
nor greater honor as a printer, yet
nevertheless he was the richest printer
of his time. Few of his compatriot
printers knew enough to appreciate
how great a man De Vinne was; but
that surely will not prevent his taking

an exalted place in the history of his
art, not for those things he spoke
about at printers’ conventions, where
he was forced to get down to the level
of the bread bakers, but for those
things he was afraid to talk about —
his wine of life — of which the large
majority of his ever-complaining and
ever-dissatisfied contemporary printers
had no knowledge, and, therefore, no
appreciation.

This department is to uphold the
realities which made De Vinne great
and prosperous. He was a practical
man — none more so as a printer —
and his ideals were practical and prof¬
itable in a soul-satisfying way. His
typographical education was com¬
pletely rounded. He knew his art and
his craft and all that makes it great,
and, knowing the value of his work,
he taught its value to his clients, so
that none dared to attempt to bargain
with him. How few among the mas¬
ter printers can say that they will not
bargain with any one who dangles an
order before them ! It is lack of edu¬
cation that induces bargaining. There
are few people who will not be bene¬
fited by pondering over the morals of
bargaining. No wonder our literature
teems with jibes and sneers at bar¬
gaining men. Franklin rose superior
to the bargainers. His typographical
education was well rounded. “ If a
man empties his purse into his head,
no one can take it away from him,”
said this money-making philosopher-
printer. The matters he employed his
head and heart upon were not on the
bookkeeping level upon which dwell
the bread bakers. It is almost im¬
possible for a man to be a good book¬
keeper and also a successful printer,
and yet it would seem to be the ambi¬
tion of many well-meaning printers to
themselves acquire proficiency in book¬
keeping by Chautauquan methods in¬
stead of sending their bookkeepers to
the conferences. The very necessary
cost-finding propaganda would be
much more successful if the conven¬
tions were attended by the printers’
bookkeepers, with instructions to learn

488

THE INLAND PRINTER

the system and put it into immediate
operation. Cost-finding systems are
just as necessary in shoemaking or
in butchering as they are in printing,
but butchers and shoemakers turn
that work over to their bookkeepers.
If the printing industry is unstable
and not profitable, it is because the
employing printers have a one-sided
typographical education. The average
employing printer is entangled by the
mechanisms which he must use, in the
survey of which he can no more learn
what Printing is than a philosopher
can understand Humanity from a
study of man’s anatomy and tissues.
No one would waste any ink on the
bread bakers of printerdom if they
themselves were not clamoring for
help, while proclaiming that for all
their trouble they scarcely ever get
more than half a loaf.

The brethren of the half-a-loaf life
are those who scorn the Past. They
have no time to learn the History of
Printing which would not in their
opinion be better employed in wres¬
tling with a bookkeeping problem, if
wise enough to do that. And yet, dear
scorners of the higher typographical
life, what is your cost-finding system
but history pure and simple? Day by
day you write the history of costs, and
when a sufficient number of days have
passed, you use the data derived from
past transactions to guide you in your
daily estimating and to prevent a
repetition of past mistakes. That is
the function and value of all his¬
tories, and none but infants and idiots
can escape its beneficent influences.
That day the bread baker deposits
his “ dough ” in the bank he writes
history on the deposit slip, and his
bank-book is a history of the achieve¬
ments of the Past. “ Reading maketh
a full man,” wrote Bacon, and, if we
may judge by results, lack of reading
maketh an empty man. He also
wrote, “ Histories make men wise,”
for history is experience, and experi¬
ence is the basis of wisdom. All ex¬
perience is of what is Past. Fellow
printers, let us make history rather
than despise it! Long live the Past,
for when it is forgotten, civilization
will die!

* * * *

Youthful Printers and the Past.

HAT has been written above in
defense of the Past might better
have been addressed to young men
entering the printing industry. Some
one has written that if a man does not
acquire the habit and love of reading
before he reaches the age of thirty, he
never will. If a man wishes to excel

in athletics, he must persistently ex¬
ercise and train his muscles when he
is young, and none do this who do not
take pleasure in the game. Addison,
the study of whose style made our
Franklin the chief of early American
authors, wrote that “ reading is to the
mind what exercise is to the body.
As by one the health is preserved,
strengthened and invigorated, by the
other, virtue, which is the health of the
mind, is kept alive, cherished and con¬
firmed.” Those very words the youth¬
ful Franklin did “ read, mark, learn
and inwardly digest,” and he found
pleasure in the game. Now, if one
who is a printer will early have the
good fortune to find pleasure in read¬
ing about printing and printers, with
other good literature, he will be bene¬
fited all his life, and acquire that well-
rounded typographical education
which has made so many printers all-
around successes. The literature of
printing is extensive and varied. Do
not, whatever you do, base your opin¬
ion of it on dry-as-dust text-books.
That would be no more reasonable
than to judge of the grandeur of the
literature of the English language by
a pocket dictionary.

* * * *

Big Prices for Printing.

HERE is just to hand a book¬
seller’s catalogue which is an in¬
teresting proof of the esteem in which
intellectual and book-loving folks hold
certain American printers. There is
one William Bradford, who had the
distinction of being the first to print
in both Philadelphia and New York.
His almanac of 1711, which sold then
for sixpence, may now be had for
$375, or, if the 1726 edition will sat¬
isfy, that may be had for $250.

According to the bookseller, “ the
most important Bradford imprint ever
offered for sale ” is a folio book
printed by William Bradford in New
York in 1724. Our printer added to
the book a map of New York, “ the
first engraved in the province.” That
doubtless was no easy task, but he
accomplished it, and today you may
buy it for $9,500! William Bradford’s
descendants ceased to print in 1825.
They earned fortunes, still intact.

Andrew Bradford (son of William)
— he who first gave aid to the youth¬
ful Franklin when he arrived in Phil¬
adelphia — also has a name which
gives value to his work. Here are four
items to be had for $680, $500, $585
and $575, respectively. One of these
was sold at auction in London re¬
cently for $700.

A Money-Making Historian.

HE first American historian of
printing was Isaiah Thomas, of
Worcester, in Massachusetts. Like
Franklin, he was a runaway appren¬
tice. Eventually he became a master
printer, and at his death in 1831, in
Worcester, he was found to be one of
the seven millionaires with which our
country was blest at that time, not¬
withstanding that he gave away com¬
fortable fortunes during his life. All
made in printing, with the exception
of some slight investments in farms
and a stage-coach line — think of that,
ye typographical bread bakers!

Isaiah Thomas was a distinguished
rebel of the Revolution. Forced to fly
from Boston, a proclamation was is¬
sued by King George’s representative
urging all good “ patriots ” to kill
him, and with him (mark the names)
John Hancock, Samuel Adams and
Bowdoin. In that proclamation he is
referred to as a “ trumpeter of sedi¬
tion.” Money-maker as he was, he
claimed a large share of the wine of
life. He founded the august Ameri¬
can Antiquarian Society, presented it
with a library of 3,000 volumes, a
hall which was the most beautiful in
Worcester and money gifts approx¬
imating $50,000. For several years
he acted as secretary and librarian,
making the library invaluable in
Americana and the institution famous
throughout the world. In 1810 he
published his authoritative “ History
of Printing in America,” two volumes,
1,052 pages, the only complete record
of the colonial printers.

* * * *

More Than Its Weight in Gold.

THE aforesaid bookseller offers an
Isaiah Thomas imprint, a small
pamphlet, for which, because (he
says) “ it is one of the earliest known
productions of his press,” he asks
$365. He also asks $2,500 for a copy
of a Bible with a London imprint,
but which, through Thomas’s history,
is discovered to be (probably) the
only known copy of the first Bible
printed in America. The printers of
it were Bostonians, who, in 1752, were
afraid to issue a Bible openly on
account of certain printers in Great
Britain having a monopoly of print¬
ing Bibles in the British dominion.
A few lines written by Thomas the
printer gives that item its great value.
* * * *

Questions relating to the history and
literature of printing will be answered.
Communications invited from friends
to these topics.

THE INLAND PRINTER

489

BY BERNARD DANIELS.

The Printer’s Errors.

Errors mean loss in any business and are something to
be carefully avoided, but the printer’s errors are still more
disastrous because they may spoil the value of the job
and make it a complete loss. Other tradesmen can recover
something from the goods in which the error is made, but
the printer finds his errors mean total destruction.

This should lead to the utmost care in handling copy,
proofs and details of every kind, and to a certain extent
it does, or we would find more printers in trouble.

But there is another class of printers’ errors that show
only in the profit and loss column — the errors of judg¬
ment in making estimates and prices. These are the errors
that affect not only the man or the firm making them, but
the whole business. These are the errors that unsettle
market conditions and render it difficult for all printers
to secure a fair return for the expenditure they make to
produce work with value and to render service to their
customers.

Many columns, humorous and serious, have been writ¬
ten about printers’ errors, and much money has been spent
by the trade organizations in the effort to train the judg¬
ment of the younger generation in the matter of estimate
and price making, and there is hope for the future.

Meanwhile, every printer should make it an earnest
endeavor to see that his own office does all that is possible
to make correct prices and that these prices are such as
will allow him to give his customers service.

Cheer Up, There Is a Better Day Coming.

We feel quite encouraged at having received requests
to figure on what is practically the same job from three
widely separated places — or, rather, to check up the figures
made by three printers — and finding them to be correct
and practically the same. Only a few years ago this would
have been considered impossible and the veracity of any
one making such a claim would have been challenged.

The missionary work done by the trade organizations
and the trade journals is beginning to bear fruit, but,
while we rejoice that this is so, we find our joy tempered
with sorrow that the improvement is confined to such a
■small number of the thousands of printers scattered all
over the land, many of them barely making ends meet from
year to year because they will not listen to good advice
and keep a cost system active in their plants.

Now, at the beginning of another year, is the best time
do not only resolve but to act and start the cost system in
your plant. A year from now it will be giving you so
much satisfaction that you will wonder why you even hesi¬
tated about putting it in.

The printing business is on the eve of a great evolu¬
tion that will far surpass any former change in its meth¬
ods and traditions, one that will enormously increase the
•capacity of those plants able to welcome it with open arms

and make the struggle still harder for those who will not
move until they see the procession of the successful ones
marching away and leaving them behind. We refer to the
coming abolition of distribution in the job-offices — it has
been abolished in the book plants and the newspapers for
years, and now the job-printer will receive his emancipa¬
tion from the meanest job in the business.

Why wait until you are forced to fall in line or get left;
why not put in a cost system and learn what distribution
costs you, or, if you have the system, let it tell you?

Yes, we are encouraged because three printers made
the right figure, based on their cost-system results, and in
wishing you the usual holiday greetings we want to add,
“ May the cost system be your lamp and The Inland
Printer your guide to the most prosperous year you have
ever known, despite the apparently trying outlook for the
second war-year in America.”

Sources of Lost Time.

In figuring up the proportion of the time sold to that
paid for, the printer is startled by the terrible amount of
lost time, which ranges from almost fifty per cent of that
bought in the composing-room to possibly fifteen in the
most active department. Taken all together, it is fair to
say that fully twenty-five per cent of all the time paid for
by the printer is non-productive or lost.

In the composing-room we have distribution, sorts-
picking and lines set and then discarded for want of sorts.
Jobs are stored so that several have to be handled to get
the one the compositor needs. Small fonts handicap the
compositor when a certain type is specified, and lack of
spacing material slows down the work. Not infrequently
this amounts to forty to fifty per cent of the total labor paid
for. What other business could stand such a strain?

In the pressroom there is the lack of coordination of
the work and the waiting for paper and ink, the lack of
good rollers, the breakdowns and delays caused by failure
to maintain a proper inspection and repair system under
which each machine is periodically inspected and kept in
tune. Then there is the lost time caused by not selecting
paper and inks that were suited to each other, and the
delay caused by “ green ” paper and lack of facilities for
rapid handling of the stock and product. These amount to
an average of over twenty per cent, though in some press¬
rooms they have been reduced to less than ten per cent.

The bindez-y also has the same troubles and losses from
failure to keep the machinery right up to time and pro¬
viding means for the rapid handling of stock. Notwith¬
standing that many of the girls in this department show an
efficiency of over ninety per cent, you will find that the
average bindery loss is fully fifteen per cent.

The remedy is simple. Provide the necessary facilities
and take care of the coordination of the departments so
that there is no waiting of one on the other. Yes, it costs

490

THE INLAND PRINTER

money to provide facilities, but it costs more to do without
them. You might as well stop the clock to save time as
try to save money by not buying’ needed improvements.
You pay for them doubly if you, try to get along without
them. There is danger of over-equipment if judgment is
not used, but we have found that the average plant is more
apt to be over-equipped with large machines than with
needed facilities for quickly handling the product, or those
little facilities that make the mechanical equipment more
easy to operate and the workmen more productive.

Keeping Tab on Results.

There is a big printer running a small shop in a small
town in Pennsylvania who has the right idea of the way
to make his own price-list for the various lines of small
commercial work that form the major part of his business.

buyer. But, more than this, it is a continual check on
irregular and erratic pricing, as all similar jobs are gath¬
ered together and any error in pricing shows up at once.

Operation Hour-Costs.

For several years it has been the habit of various
printers’ organizations to publish schedules of hour-costs
for the different operations in the printing-plant and bind¬
ery; but, as a rule, these figures were mere statements
of a price per hour without any data by which their cor¬
rectness or error might be determined, or by which their
adaptation to any particular shop could be ascertained.

Now, these figures have proved very misleading, in that
they have been taken by many printers without question
and applied to their own plants as a basis for estimating
and charging. They have also proved equally detrimental

I KIND OF JOB

1- -

[ Job No.

Name

Quantity

Cost

Sell |?rof it

[for Loss

Remarks :

1 -

'' - - - *

/ ^

Diagram Showing Card for Keeping Tab on Results.

This printer was not satisfied that the prices issued by
the big organizations were right; therefore, he started
the cost system in his plant so that he might ascertain the
cost of each job for himself, and was much surprised to
find out how near these costs came to those which formed
the basis of the prices he did not believe in. Then he con¬
ceived the idea that he was only noticing the high ones
and so determined to test the matter out by comparing the
price of every job.

In order to do this thoroughly and economically, he
had his stenographer, who was also his cost clerk, make
out lists of the various kinds of jobs and enter with each
of them the cost and selling price of every job of that kind
going through the plant, with the quantity, and classify
the jobs of the same quantity in each list.

This is not so hard as one might think, and this is the
way he did it: He provided an 8 by 5 inch card for each
item and each quantity, and printed them with a heading
and ruling as shown in the accompanying diagram; then,
as each job was billed, the clerk entered the amount and
quantity on the proper card.

Cards were made for bill-heads, letter-heads, note-
heads, business-cards, professional cards, postal cards and
envelopes, and in each of these classes there was a card
for one thousand, two thousand and five thousand copies.
The record was kept for six months, with the result that
the average cost proved to be so nearly that of the Stand¬
ard price-list that he decided to use that list regularly.

But he also found the data so useful in hunting up
previous orders that he has kept it up as an index to his
sales, and finds it valuable in quickly locating a job to
show a customer at about the price he wishes to pay. It
is certainly convenient to be able to refer quickly and accu¬
rately to every recent job of the class under discussion and
know to a penny just what it cost to produce and whether
you can afford to duplicate it for the same price for another

to a number of other shops which are under the control
of men who imagine that they can produce work at less
cost and who have therefore discounted the published
rates.

Almost every month the editor receives letters protest¬
ing that the published rates are too high for the locality
or shops of the writers and therefore are wrong. But in
nearly every case that has been investigated, the figures
published by the United Typothetae have proved compar¬
able with the figures of our correspondents when all the
conditions were compared and not the mere hour rate.

Of course, the majority of cases were such that com¬
parison was impossible because the objector did not have
a real cost system. This is one of the things that is most
aggravating to the cost investigator. A printer will write,
claiming an hour-cost of about two-thirds or three-fourths
of the correct amount, and when an endeavor is made to
get at the facts and ascertain whether it is actually pos¬
sible that this man has something the other fellows have
missed, it is found that all the cost system he has is a
time-ticket and a carelessly kept job-record.

This is not intended as a knock or a kick, but as a
warning to those printers that the cost of the productive
hour is rapidly advancing and that a cost system is an
absolute necessity if they expect to remain solvent and able
to take out a profit from their businesses at the end of the
financial year.

The present time is the best time to install the cost
system, and every month you delay it you are going to
lose more money. That is what we said and what we
meant: Lose more money. Never was there a better time
to get rid of the jobs on which you are losing than now,
but how will you know which they are unless you have a
real cost system to tell you? The real value of a cost
system is not so much in the fixing of your actual hour-
cost as it is in fixing the actual total cost of each job and

THE INLAND PRINTER

491

thereby showing you just how much you have made or lost
on any particular transaction.

Without a cost system the hour-cost of the other fellow
means nothing to you; with a cost system the published
hour-cost is merely a signal of conditions in the trade.

Type and Electrotyping.

The increased price of type-metal has caused printers
to think seriously over the various methods of reducing
the wear and tear on type by long runs of presswork.
Some printers assert that one long run will wear type
more than a dozen short ones aggregating the same total
number of impressions, and advocate electrotyping for
every job on which there are five thousand impressions or
more. Others assert the contrary and say that the han¬
dling of the type on the stone and in making ready wears
it more than the long run. It is certain, however, that
type does wear, and wear rapidly, and that electrotyping
offers one way of reducing the wear on foundry type.

But there is another side to the question. Since the
various hot-metal composing-machines and typecasters
have come into the market, it is possible for the printer
to have practically new type for every job, so that the
question of wear becomes a question of how long type-
metal in constant use will wear without showing the dete¬
rioration to such an extent that it becomes necessary to
renew the form. In this connection it must be remem¬
bered that electrotypes also show wear after long runs.
These machines have changed the problem from the pres¬
ervation of the type to the endurance of the face, and with
good metal it would seem that this is equal to ordinary
electrotypes.

This brings the whole question down to that of cost.
And here the type made in the plant or bought from the
composition company in galleys or pages must precede
the possibility of any electrotyping, and the latter becomes
an extra expense, so that, from this point of view, it seems
that it is better to run the type. But when the type is
bought from the typefounder and set by hand, the ques¬
tion of cost is shifted and, in most cases, it is cheaper to
get electrotypes to save the type, especially if the job is
likely to prove a repeat order.

The coming of the non-distribution system into the
printing-plants of the future, and even of the present, is
going to upset many of the traditions of the composing-
room as to electrotyping and the manner of handling type-
forms, and it will be wise for our readers to study the
problem in its many phases so as to be ready to meet it.

Cutting Stock.

Out of the estimates sent to the editor of this depart¬
ment for checking during the last six months, more than
ninety per cent failed to include the cost of cutting the
stock required for the job.

Now, this is a comparatively small item in the average
job and it does not represent a big amount in dollars and
cents in most jobs, but every once in a while we receive an
estimate like the one before us now where the cutting is
really an important item.

How long will it take, in your shop, to cut and band a
million labels 2 by 4 inches in size? Think before you
commit yourself.

No, it does not make any difference how many there
are on the printed sheet. You have to cut the whole large
sheet either before or after the printing or pay the stock
house to do the first cutting for you.

Label-paper is furnished in 25 by 38 inch sheets, and
we will suppose that you are going to print this 2 by 4

inch label fifty-four-up on a half sheet. This requires
twenty reams of the full-size paper, which must be cut in
half, requiring one cut for twenty lifts of one ream each,
and which would take from thirty to forty minutes of the
cutter’s time. It must be done carefully, as there is only
1 inch margin on the half sheet for gripper room. After
printing, the sheets should be properly straightened up
before going to the cutter, so we will not allow anything
for jogging; we will also consider that with care these
printed sheets can be handled in piles of a thousand, so
that we have twenty piles that must be cut eight times the
short, or 19-inch, way and ten times the 25-inch way, a
total of 360 cuts.

How many cuts a minute will the cutter make? He
can jog the pile slightly and put it in the machine all the
way back and make one cut after the other by moving it
forward the required distance and work quickly; but at
each cut he will have to move away the cut-off section,
and on the second cutting will have to load the cutter with
these strips and repeat the moving forward.

It is hard to guess, isn’t it? Well, here is the record:
The first cut into strips 4 inches wide took 160 cuts, and
the time was one and three-quarters hours. The second
cut into 2-inch labels required 200 cuts and took the cutter
three and one-tenth hours. In addition, it required two
and a half hours of a girl’s time to band the labels into
thousands as cut, and to place them in the packing-cartons.

How much? Practically five and a half hours of cutting-
machine time at $1.20 per hour cost, or $6.60, and two and
a half hours of a girl’s time at 50 cents, or $1.25 — a total
of $7.86. A very low figure, considering the amount of
work. Adding twenty-five per cent for profit brings this
figure up to $9.86, or practically 1 cent per thousand for
cutting the million labels.

Now, a word of warning: This record was made in a
shop accustomed to this class of work and may be very low
for a general jobbing-shop.

Going back to the original thought, let us say that these
labels were sold for the large amount of 14 cents per thou¬
sand, so that even 1 cent meant something in such an esti¬
mate. In fact, the shop which did the job only figured
$6 as the selling price for the cutting and made an actual
loss on that part of the order.

In one hundred estimates which have accumulated in
our files, we find that ninety-one omitted the cutting either
before or after printing, or both, and the total time thus
presented to the buyers of printing equals 200 cutting-
machine hours, which today cost $1.20 per hour — $240
thrown away in small quantities that the buyer would
have paid for readily because in no case did the amount
figure sufficiently large to “ queer ” the order with even a
fair salesman to take it.

It is such little things as this that make the printing
business such a tragically small profit-producer.

Remember that success and profit come to those who
know and who apply their knowledge, and that it is better
to be a successful small printer without a big press than
an unsuccessful one with a white elephant pony, or an idle
big cylinder printing small jobs at a loss.

SLACKERS.

British Foreman Compositor - — Three more of my men
have enlisted this morning.

Editor — Ah! A wave of patriotism, I suppose?

Foreman Compositor — Well, perhaps that’s the way
to put it, but they say they would rather be shot than set
any more of your copy ! — Passing Shoiv.

THE INLAND PRINTER

493

BY S. H. HORGAN.

Rotary Photogravure Web Presswork.

Fred F. Moran, of the Web Printing Pressmen’s Union,
No. 25, has written a clear and concise pamphlet, with the
above title, on a subject with which he is familiar and
with which all pressmen had better get acquainted, for
rotary photogravure is going to come into use rapidly.
One of the causes which retards its progress is the lack
of skilled workmen to handle it. Press builders are con¬
structing presses for shipment abroad, and the lack of
technical education in this country has obliged us to im¬
port workmen. This pamphlet indicates that the unions
are alive to our deficiencies in education, and are going
to add to the technical information that The Inland
Printer has been supplying through its various depart¬
ments during the past quarter of a century.

Teaching Processwork in Great Britain.

Practical schools for the teaching of processwork, to
those actively engaged in the business, are a necessity if
we are going to compete in the great world trade after
the war. Notwithstanding the war, the schools for proc¬
esswork in Great Britain resumed their classes in the
middle of September last. These schools number three in
London: The famous Bolt Court School, the Regent

Street Polytechnic and the St. Bride’s Institute. Outside
of London the principal schools are: Municipal School
for Technology, Manchester; Technical School, Liverpool;
Central Technical School, Leeds; Heriot Watt College,
Edinburgh, and the Technical School, London. Many of
our young processworkers are going “ over there ” to help
out in this war, and before returning they should endeavor
to visit some of these schools and then strive for the intro¬
duction of such schools “ over here.”

Ink-Roller’s Importance in Line-Engraving.

“Zinc Etcher,” Winnipeg, Canada, writes: “I have
not had many years’ experience at zinc etching, but am
studying it all the time. I have been waiting for some
one to ask The Inland Printer whether a composition
roller or a leather one is best for coating the exposed zinc
plate with ink. Some recommend leather and others com¬
position. Also, what should be used to clean off the rollers
when through with them? ”

Answer. — A book might be written in answer to these
questions, for high-grade zinc etching depends on the deli¬
cate film of etching-ink which is laid on the zinc by a
roller in good condition. A smooth-skin leather roller,
properly cared for, is a treasure to the zinc etcher. Old
ink should be scraped from it with a dull ink-knife. No
benzine or turpentine should be used on it, and it should
be kept soft by rolling up with castor oil and then with

linseed-oil varnish ; that is, it should be kept saturated
with varnish, and when not in use it should be kept in a
dust-proof box or closet. A skilled lithographer knows
how to take care of a leather roller, and he can show you
better than any amount of description could explain. The
best zinc etchers are very particular about the condition
of the leather roller, cleaning all “ dead ” ink from it fre¬
quently. After rolling a thin film of stiff etching-ink on
the zinc by much rolling in several directions, they go over
the ink film with a clean composition roller so as to bring
the ink film in absolute contact with the zinc before devel¬
opment.

Fog and Some of Its Causes.

Every wet-plate photographer has experienced the dif¬
ficulty called “ fog.” That is when the negative is veiled
over, in what should be the transparent parts, with a
deposit of silver. A. J. Newton has, in a booklet titled
“ Collodion,” given some of the causes of chemical fog,
from which the following are selected:

A developer lacking in acetic acid, or one that is too
warm or too strong.

A new bath will sometimes give a surface fog which
can be removed with a pad of absorbent cotton applied
with care to the surface of the film while the water is
running upon it. If this is at all troublesome, add a little
more acid to the developer.

An insufficiently acid state of the silver bath is one of
the most frequent causes of fog. If the bath is suspected,
test it with blue litmus paper, and, should it be in this
state, the litmus paper will only slightly discolor. Add,
drop by drop, a ten per cent nitric acid solution to the
bath solution until it turns the blue litmus paper a decided
red color. The bath requires more acid in hot weather
than in cold to keep it in clean working condition, but too
much acid prevents the bath sensitizing at all.

Fumes of some chemicals, and fresh paint, are likely
to produce fog, as also is smoke. Ammonia and ammo¬
nium sulphid fumes sometimes make their way into the
darkroom and cause fog.

Aprons upon which sodium sulphid or ammonia have
been spilled will cause, especially in hot weather, a fog
to appear on that side of the negative that has been held
near the body. Fingers stained with these chemicals will
give fog in the portions of the plate which they have
been near.

The above are called “ chemical fog,” being caused by
the reaction of chemicals out of their proper places.
“ Light ” fog comes from stray light getting into the
camera, plateholder or darkroom, and that, of course,
should never occur with apparatus and darkroom in good
condition.

494

THE INLAND PRINTER

Keeping Copy Clean When Engraving It.

Edmund G. Gress, the esteemed editor of The Ameri¬
can Printer , scolds the photoengraving fraternity in the
following harsh manner: “ When the average photo¬
engraver receives copy for reproduction, the first thing he
does is to paste an instruction label on it. He then writes
an order number on it, and when the camera man gets it
he puts tack holes in it. Sometimes this is all that hap¬
pens to the copy, but the re-etcher, if he thinks of it, will
add a yellow spot or so of acid.”

Photoengravers are suffering from demoralization of
the shop through men enlisting for war; from price-
cutting, though the cost of everything that enters into
an engraving has increased; from long periods of dull
times; bad accounts and numberless other trials, but this
lambasting by the usually genial Mr. Gress is what Arte-
mus Ward would term “ 2 mutch.” Complaints like these,
after all the safeguards to keep copy immaculately clean,
are inexplicable. When copy is received it is put into a
large, clean envelope, with all the instructions written
on the order printed on the outside of the envelope. So
it is unnecessary to mar the copy. At the camera it either
goes into a glass-covered “ copyholder ” or is secured to the
board by adjustable clips fitting into perforations in the
board, no tacks being used. How the re-etcher could get
a yellow stain on it is another mystery, unless he chews
tobacco, and the present-day re-etcher is too ladylike for
that. Photoengravers have started in business without
adequate facilities for taking care of copy or competent
workmen to handle it. It may be that Mr. Gress has had
dealings with such places, and the lesson to be learned by
his experience is to do business only with responsible
engravers.

Facts Worth Knowing.

Fading of Autochromes. — “ Engraving Company,” New
York, tells the following experience as a warning to others
in the trade: They were given an autochrome from which
to make a set of three-color blocks larger than the auto¬
chrome copy. The color-record negatives were made by
illuminating the autochrome from'the back with a flaming-
arc electric lamp, the light going through a piece of ground
glass before reaching the autochrome. The exposures were,
of course, prolonged, and before they were completed they
found that the color had faded out almost entirely from
the autochrome, being bleached out by the electric light.
The customer threatened a suit for damages, claiming that
the autochrome was valued at a large sum of money. This
engraving house will not receive autochromes as copy
hereafter.

Metol Poisoning. — Cold weather brings on the cracking
of the skin, usually on the ends of the fingers, of those
suffering from metol poisoning. The skin seems to thicken,
then get hard and crack, the sensation being more painful
than if a needle were sticking in each crack. The British
Journal of Photography gives the following ointment as
being the best prescription thus far found to relieve the
sufferer: Ichthyol, 10 grains; lanolin, 40 grains; boric
acid, 40 grains; vaselin, 30 grains. This mixture is
applied two or three times a day, and rubbed well into the
affected skin before retiring at night.

Distilled or Boiled Water for Albumen Solutions. —
When using albumen solutions, either for a substratum on
glass or a sensitized albumen solution on zinc for line-
engraving, much difficulty is encountered with bubbles
forming on the glass and zinc. It is not generally known
that these bubbles can be avoided by using either distilled

or boiled water. Boiling water liberates the oxygen, with
which water in some localities is charged to a greater
degree than in others, and it is generally the oxygen in the
water that causes the bubbles.

Photographs That Will Not Stretch or Shrink.

“Publisher,” New York, writes: “I have made the
study of the photomechanical printing processes a hobby.
Have read your book and keep it near me for reference.
Have also read your department in The Inland Printer
for years. I have several hundred Japanese prints in color
that I want printing-blocks made from in solid color; that
is, I do not want them reproduced in three or four color
half-tone blocks, though engravers tell me that is the only
way without redrawing them. Is there not some way by
which an orthochromatic negative could be made, and
prints made from it which could be touched up by an artist
and the line color-blocks made from such prints? ”

Answer. — The prints from the orthochromatic nega¬
tive of the Japanese color-prints must be made on a non-
stretchable and non-shrinkable photographic paper obtained
in the following manner: The orthochromatic negative
should be an enlargement, so that the prints may after¬
ward be reduced. Take sheets of sixteen-gage zinc, the
size of the negatives, and etch both sides of these zinc
sheets so as to grain the surfaces. With fish-glue, mount
sheets of wet paper, such as that used for making blue¬
prints, on both sides of these sheets of zinc. Sensitize the
paper on both sides of the zinc with the usual ferro-
prussiate solution and, when dry, make prints on both sides
from the orthochromatic negative and develop in water.
Then you will have prints which will neither stretch nor
shrink, as they are secured firmly to the zinc. On these
blue-prints an artist can, with India ink and a brush, paint
a separate color for each print. Line-negatives can be
made direct, as the blue in the print will not photograph,
and in this way you will get flat-tint color-plates that will
fit in perfect register.

Etching Steel.

“ I am desirous of etching upon a polished steel plate,
using iron perchlorid as the etching solution and the car¬
bon process for the resist. At present the steel oxidizes
badly, which prevents a good etching. Could I use a sub¬
stratum upon the steel to prevent the oxid formation, still
using the carbon resist and iron etching solution? ”

This is a query in The British Journal of Photography,
to which the editor replies as follows:

“ We should think the only coating which could be
applied to the steel would be a thin film of copper by
electro deposition. We do not know of any other coating
which will leave the steel susceptible to etching and, at the
same time, prevent oxidation of the metal. Possibly you
might get along better with an alternative etch, such as
the mercury etching-bath recommended some years ago by
Mr. Horgan (Inland Printer). It is: Bichlorid of mer¬
cury, one ounce; powdered alum, one-fourth ounce; water,
sixteen ounces.

“ Put the water in a glazed earthenware pot. Grind
the bichlorid of mercury and put it, as well as the pow¬
dered alum, in the water. Put on the fire and heat the
water until all are dissolved. Stir with glass rod only.
Take off the fire, and when the mixture is cool add one-
half ounce of alcohol, and the mordant is ready for use.
Keep in a glass-stoppered bottle marked “ Poison.” This
solution should be used full strength. It etches rapidly
and cleanly.”

THE INLAND PRINTER

495

COMMISSIONS AND GRATUITIES ELIMINATED IN
SELLING INK.

BY WALDON FAWCETT.

AR conditions, which get the blame or the
credit for almost everything that tran¬
spires these days in business circles, can
not be said to be in any degree responsible
for the radical reform which has just been
brought about in the methods of marketing
printing-inks in the United States. How¬
ever, the innovation with respect to selling
ink may truly be said to be in harmony with war-time
ideals of conservation and economy, inasmuch as it is
designed to eliminate a business custom that necessarily
involves loss or waste.

That the giving of commissions or gratuities is to be
eliminated in selling ink in the United States is due,
mainly, to voluntary action on the part of the leading ink
manufacturers of the country — firms that manufacture,
in the aggregate, fully ninety per cent of the printing-ink
produced in America. The Federal Trade Commission,
Uncle Sam’s aptly nicknamed “ supreme court of busi¬
ness,” was, to be sure, instrumental in establishing an
understanding on the part of the ink manufacturers, but
there was, on the part of the leading interests in the trade,
a voluntary effort to correct a trade abuse that has grad¬
ually grown to the proportions of an evil.

Probably every reader of The Inland Printer is famil¬
iar with the insidious growth in the printing-ink field of
what are known as “ graft methods of selling.” The cus¬
tom of offering inducements to pressroom foremen and
other buyers of ink, or to operatives in the printing-trades
whose recommendation is law when it comes to ink con¬
tracts, began in a small way with the offering of “ enter¬
tainment ” by overzealous ink representatives. As time
went on, however, these persuasive methods passed beyond
the control of the ink manufacturers, who had, perhaps,
condoned them in the beginning. Under the spur of com¬
petition in the ink-trade the “ graft ” program expanded
tremendously. From the distribution of such modest per¬
quisites as theater-tickets and invitations to dinner, the
practice progressed until it embraced the giving of definite
monetary commissions and the donation to influential buy¬
ers of considerable sums, thinly disguised in some instances
as wagers, or as losses at poker, etc.

For years past many, if not all, of the ink manufac¬
turers have deplored the spread of the “ graft ” activities
which figured so heavily in their overhead, but, as one of
them expressed it, “ None of us knew how to let go.”
Obviously, it would be flying in the face of fate for a lone
manufacturer to attempt to cut out a trade practice to
which all his rivals continued to adhere and which had
come to be looked upon by its beneficiaries as a traditional
privilege if not an actual right. At the same time, the
ink manufacturers realized that they faced the growing
unrest and resentment of many of the men who paid the
ink bills and who felt themselves hapless victims, helpless
in the face of an unjust trade custom and prone to blame
the selling interests that condoned it.

Such was the situation when the influence of the Fed¬
eral Trade Commission began, a few months ago, to make
itself felt. During a year or more past, this governmental
body, which is charged with the duty of keeping compe¬
tition fair and open, has made no secret of the fact that
it looks with disfavor upon the custom of distributing gifts
or offering special inducements to employees in order to
persuade them to recommend or dictate purchases in a

quarter where it has thus been made “ worth their while.”
Several months ago, the Trade Commission, in expression
of this policy, filed a formal “ Complaint ” against the
Fleischmann Company, of Cincinnati, manufacturers of
yeast, in which indictment one of the counts charged that
the firm in question was attempting to stifle the compe¬
tition of other yeast manufacturers by giving Christmas
presents, special holiday gifts, meals, drinks, cigars, theater-
tickets, etc., to operative bakers and other yeast users.

Following the establishment of the interesting precedent
in the notice to the yeast manufacturer to “ cease and
desist,” the attention of the Federal Trade Commission
was called to the parallel conditions represented to obtain
in the printing-ink field. There was no filing of charges
by an outsider against any specific ink manufacturer, as
had been the case with respect to the Fleischmann Com¬
pany, but it was intimated to the Commission that on gen¬
eral principles there seemed to be need of a housecleaning
in the printing-ink trade. Thereupon the Commission
started a preliminary investigation, which was under the
personal direction of the chairman, William J. Harris.

To what extent the inkmakers may have been influ¬
enced by knowledge that the Federal Trade Commission
was on their trail only the manufacturers themselves can
say, but at any rate a large proportion of them recently
came forward and asked for a conference with the Com¬
mission, with the object of voluntarily correcting such
abuses in their sales methods as might be found to exist.
The Commission had given no intimation as to whether
or not it would take action in the premises — a formal
“ Complaint ” is not forthcoming in every case, by any
means, that the Commission investigates — and the ini¬
tiative of the ink producers was warmly commended at
Washington. So many business men are prone to resist
any such governmental interference in their affairs that
a favorable impression was created in official circles by
the spirit manifested by the inkmen. However, the im¬
pression conveyed by the representatives of the printing-
ink industry who assembled in Washington was that they
were as pleased and relieved to be rid of the burden of
the “ graft ” system as the Commission was to have this
unhealthy condition eliminated.

What the ink manufacturers actually did was to sign
a “ Stipulation,” formally agreeing to discontinue the giv¬
ing of commissions, bonuses, etc. This “ stipulation ” was
in the nature of a consent agreement or voluntary compact.
By affixing their signatures to it, the inkmakers virtually
acknowledged that they had been guilty of the various
trade practices which had been cited against them by the
attorneys of the Trade Commission. Although some ten
per cent of the printing-ink manufacturers of the country
were not represented in the recent negotiations at Wash¬
ington, it is assumed that they will fall into line promptly.

For all that the Trade Commission is so pleased with
the spirit of cooperation and compliance that the printing-
ink manufacturers have manifested in this effort to uproot
a trade evil, the impression should not be gained that the
recent love-feast in Washington ties the hands of the
Commission in the event that the ink manufacturers, or
any one of them, should revive or continue the “ graft ”
practices. Trade Commissioner Fort, the chief legal light
of the Commission, made this clear during the recent con¬
ference. Commenting on the fact that the rather harsh
term “ bribery ” had been used freely by some critics of
the ethics of the ink-trade, Commissioner Fort remarked
that he was not prepared to venture an opinion as to
whether so strong a denunciation was justified, but he did

496

THE INLAND PRINTER

desire to emphasize that the Trade Commission would feel
free to proceed with any complaints now pending or that
may hereafter be filed against ink manufacturers without
regard to the stipulation just accepted. In other words,
nothing that the ink manufacturers had admitted in this
incident would be used as incriminating evidence against
them, but, on the other hand, the voluntary action of the
ink producers could not be relied upon to insure them an
“ immunity bath.”

There has been current in printing-trade circles a
report to the effect that the roller manufacturers had joined
with the ink manufacturers in turning over a new leaf in
business policy, with the approval of the Federal Trade
Commission. However, officials of the Commission will not
admit that they have entered into negotiations with the
roller manufacturers. Unquestionably there is a feeling,
though, that now that the ink manufacturers have broken
the ice, they may be followed to the “ no commissions ”
platform by manufacturers of various classes of printers’
supplies and accessories who have yielded more or less
frequently to the temptation to give inducements to subor¬
dinates who have been in a position to influence the placing
of contracts. Incidentally, it may be mentioned that two
of the members of the Trade Commission, namely, William
B. Colver and Victor Murdock, have had extensive practical
experience as newspaper publishers and are consequently
qualified to take an intelligent interest in every move for
a higher code of business morals in the printing-field.

SELLERS OF PRINTING.

BY A BUYER OP PRINTING.

HERE are two classes of men I don’t care
for : The man who is a “ friend of the boss
and ought to get all his business,” and the
cuss who “ has an account at our store, and
as he does business with us, we ought to
reciprocate.” My dislike is a “ big-town ”
dislike and in no way applies to the meth¬
ods of doing business outside of the big
cities — and, incidentally, remember I buy lots of printing
for a man who has many other things more important to
do than worry about price-leaves, pin-tickets and advertis¬
ing matter. That is why I have a job.

The first man is a man who, when he tries to sell me
on the basis of being a friend to the man who pays me
to discrimiate between good and bad printers, or those who
can do our work the way he wants it, and those who can
not, admits that he can not sell his product. He presents
no argument why I should buy his printing, his ability, his
service, in place of the service, quality, and multitudinous
other things I am now buying.

I am the kind of a man who likes to conduct his busi¬
ness with his friends, or, rather, who likes to be on friendly
terms with the man with whom he has business relations.
It saves time, argument and differences of opinion. I could
not call up a stranger and ask him to lunch with me while
I planned with him some new method of handling our
work. I can impose on my friends and thus get their views
and the value of their experience, without wasting their
time and my own.

A man who suddenly has an attractive proposition to
offer based on a good paper buy, offers to his friends first.
That is natural. I feel that I am a gainer by being
friendly. Besides, a good printer is the best friend a man
has, if he treats him right. Think of the suggestions a
printer can make that will save me money. He will make
them if he feels his suggestions will be taken in the right

spirit; otherwise he will keep his own counsel, and will
not suggest that by increasing an order ten per cent there
will be enough for a mill order of paper, giving me a size
without waste, and saving a cent a pound on the paper.
Neither will he take the time and trouble to suggest wax-
engravings to take the place of the cheaply ruled and
printed forms I use.

And then the man who wants to “ trade accounts.”
He is the man who solicits your business, learns that you
have enough for one, but not for two; that everything is
satisfactory and you do not care to change; and then he
says: “Well, I’ve had an account here for a long time.
I buy a lot, my family buys a lot, and I ought to have your
business.”

Now, a man who has had an account at any store for
a number of years and has been satisfied, does not change
any more than I change printers when I am satisfied. He
does not change, because it is more convenient not to. Be¬
cause he either gets better service, better values, or more
satisfaction from trading at the store at which he has an
account than from another down the street; and I am glad
to have him feel that he likes to have an account at our
store. But he knows that so long as I am satisfied with
business in the plant where I am buying, it is no more fair
to the man with whom I deal to withdraw my business
for no reason at all, than it would be for me to do it were
he the man who had the account, who had built it up by
service and quality, and from whom I was withdrawing
my account.

Remember this: Every man in the world is in business
for himself. He may have printing to sell, he may have
only his time to sell, but in either event his success will
depend primarily on just how he markets his product,
whatever it may be. If you have good time to market,
sell it; don’t peddle it or beg people to take it off your
hands. That is not salesmanship.

In a like way, if you have printing to sell, see that it
is first-class, and sell it; don’t trade it for something, for
usually in a horse trade some one is dissatisfied, and you
can not afford to have any dissatisfied customers advertis¬
ing your business.

Illustration reproduced from wood-engraving by James Bann.

Guileless printer, to burglars who are ransacking his
home : “ Sorry to interrupt you, gentlemen, but when you

go please mail this letter for me. It is important that it
arrive at its destination quickly, as it contains my check
for the premium on my burglar-insurance policy, which
will expire tomorrow.”

IMPROVING THE
PRINTERS WORK

How several specimens sent in for review
might be made better by greater atten¬
tion to simplicity and proper emphasis.

The INLAND PRINTER

CHICAGO, ILL.

For critical comparison of designs
shown on these pages, see page 498.

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THE INLAND PRINTER

497

BY J. L. FRAZIER.

la this department the problems of job composition will be discussed, and illustrated with numerous examples. These discussions and examples
will be specialised and treated as exhaustively as possible, the examples being criticized on fundamental principles — the basis of all art expres¬
sion. By this method the printer will develop his taste and shill, not on mere dogmatic assertion, but on recognized and clearly defined laws.

Optical Horizontal Balance,

HILE, of course, mechanical methods of
measurement are adequate for determining
center on regular forms such as symmetri¬
cal ornaments, illustrations and squared
blocks of type, which, because of equal
length of lines thereon, are also symmetri¬
cal, the fact remains that irregular forms
can only be centered, or correctly balanced
horizontally, by the eye. In looking over the specimens
received during the past few months, we note to a greater
extent than usual the placing of unsymmetrical ornaments,
illustrations and irregular
type-groups in the center, r__
horizontally, as determined
by the limits thereof, rather
than in relation to their ex¬
tent, or weight, as is correct.

The compositors of such de¬
signs are always particular
to have the space from bor¬
der, or edge of sheet, to edge
of illustration, type -group,
etc., on one side equal to
space from edge of illustra¬
tion, type-group, etc., to bor¬
der on the other, regardless
of the fact that such units
are irregular in shape, larger
or heavier, or both, on one
side than on the other. Per¬
haps the reason we note this
error to greater extent than
usual at this time is due to
the increasing use of the flag.

Now, the flag is not symmet¬
rical and it is not balanced
from the center. The side
where the staff appears cov¬
ers more space on the paper,
and because of the greater
strength of tone of blue in
which the field of stars is
printed over red in which the
stripes are represented, the
flag is heavier on that side
than on the other. Such
an ornament or, say, illustra¬
tion should not be arbitrarily
centered from side to side

according to its limits. The small, light end must be placed
nearer the border on its side than the larger and heavier
end on its side, so that the former will have an advantage
in leverage to overcome the advantage of the latter in
weight, thereby maintaining good equilibrium or balance.
Bring to mind the seesaw. Does the 150-pound man sit
as far from the fulcrum on his side as the 90-pound boy-
does on his? He certainly does not, if they balance each
other. The same is true as regards the horizontal position
of an irregular mass, as, for example, the flag. We realize
that the most effective illustration of such a point is an
example showing violation of balance in this respect with

the same design, corrected,
for the purpose of compari¬
son and also to demonstrate
the improvement which results
when the measuring-stick is
laid aside and such irregular
forms are balanced by the eye
— that is, optically centered
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 furnish
such a comparison. Note that
in Fig. 1 the space from the
farthermost point of the flag
at the right to the border on
that side is equal to the space
from the edge of the illustra¬
tion at the left to the bor¬
der on that side. The block
was centered arbitrarily — so
many slugs and leads on one
side and an equal amount on
the other, in spite of the fact
that the illustration touches
the boundary line of the
block on the right at one
point only, whereas it is flush
at all points on the left.
Note the line drawn through
the center from top to bot¬
tom, dividing the page into
two equal sides. Where do
you find the most white space?
On which side is the greater
weight and extent of the flag?
The line helps you to see it,
but a trained eye sees it with¬
out. Scratch out the line and
see how true your eye is as
Fig. i. to balance. The flag proper,

4-5

498

THE INLAND PRINTER

you will note, is about equally divided, but it is apparent
that all the blue field is on the left — and blue is stronger
in tone than red (almost as strong as black) and, conse¬
quently, heavier in “ weight.” This preponderance of
weight is increased by the staff, also originally in blue.

In spite of this logical, plain demonstration of truth, print¬
ers who have worked blindly for years will continue to
arbitrarily center irregular objects by mechanical methods
instead of centering them optically. Now, turn to Fig. 2.
What do you see? Here the
flag has been moved slightly
to the right so that the
smaller, lighter end has the
advantage in leverage to
counteract the effect of
greater weight and extent on
the larger left side. It is
manifestly better balanced,
from the horizontal stand¬
point. (It is not correctly
balanced perpendicularly in
either case. Since perpendic¬
ular and horizontal balance
are governed by different con¬
siderations — and as we are
writing of horizontal balance
only here — we do not want
to cloud the issue, so to speak,
by the introduction of irrele¬
vant factors.) The fact that
the margins from block or
edge of plate to border on the
sides are not the same is not
noticeable, and if it were, the
improvement in balance would
more than compensate. The
appearance of the design as a
whole is manifestly improved
by this one small correction.

The same error is fre¬
quently made in the paneling
of poems, or in their place¬
ment on pages without bor¬
ders. The left side of a poem
in type is always regular.

Alternate lines may be in¬
dented, but the fact that cor- Fig.

l’esponding lines begin flush

makes it safe to say that the left side of a poem in type
is “ regular.” Not so with the right, however. Ordinarily,
there is a great variation in the length of lines in a poem
and, consequently, the right side, or end, is irregular. Not¬
withstanding this fact, compositors will consistently place
poems in a border, or on a page, in such position that the
space from the beginning of lines to border on the left is
equal to the space from the end of the longest line to the
border on the right. The short lines, therefore, allow a
greater amount of white space on the right than on the
left, and such blocks of type are not only overbalanced in
weight on the left, but the larger amount of white space
on the right contributes to the poor effect of the whole.
As an example, look at Fig. 3. Note the whole design is
too heavy — is overbalanced — on the left. The remedy is
the same as in the case of the flag. The eye must decide.

The mass must be moved to the right, even though the
long line comes closer to the border on the right than the
beginnings of lines are to border on the left. The white

space on the left should be equal in extent and amount to
that on the right. Arbitrary margins are taboo.

When there is one extraordinarily long line, as in Fig.
3, the problem is not easy, for, to obtain good balance and
whiting-out, that long line must crowd the border at the
end very closely. That crowding, however, is as nothing
compared to the poor effect caused when the whole design
is out of balance. (Note “ Pay Till It Hurts,” page 390,
December issue of The Inland Printer, for a case in

point.) Sometimes, where
there are but two or three
lines of extraordinary length
in a poem, the long lines may
be carried over and indented
in order to obtain a more
nearly regular and thereby
more pleasing shape in the
mass as a whole.

We have another little ex¬
ample to illustrate this same
point (Fig. 4). Note that the
line, “ Chas. S. Hall,” is cen¬
tered; also that the matter
in the lower left-hand corner
just about balances that in
the lower right-hand corner.
Note, further, that the line,
“ Jitney Service,” is also cen-
! tered, but note particularly
that the initial “ J ” is much
larger and heavier than any¬
thing else in the design. It
has the preponderance and
overbalances the design on
the left. Fig. 5 illustrates
how better horizontal balance
was obtained by moving the
line “ Chas. S. Hall ” to the
right, that line counteracting
the effect of the large “ J.”

The ideas here outlined
may be applied to many
things. They are not arbi¬
trarily applied to flags, poems,
etc. It is not these examples
in themselves that we want
you to consider — it is the
ideas, the fundamentals illus¬
trated thereby. If readers do not think, do not see their
application in other instances, they are allowing themselves
to become — or remain — just as slavish to mechanical cen¬
tering as the men are who designed these several forms.

Remember the old, commonplace seesaw of boyhood
days. Consider what is essential to balance thereon. Hold
proofs at arms’ length, and if they appear too heavy at one
side or the other, move the part contributing to that fault
whichever way is necessary to secure equilibrium.

Improving the Printer’s Work.

The critical comment herewith submitted is intended to
supplement and make plainer the changes made in the
designs reproduced in the specimen insert preceding this
department. The original designs appear in each instance
at the left, the resettings at the right. No claim is made
that the rearrangements offer the best possible solution of
the problems in hand, the idea behind their design being
simply to illustrate through comparison the most prominent

RECORD

19 17

THE IMPROVED ORDER OF RED MEN RESERVATION
OF NEW YORK. FORTY-FIFTH GREAT SUN COUNCIL
GREAT SUN DISCOVERY 426. SYRACUSE, NEW YORK

THE INLAND PRINTER

499

faults in the original
designs submitted to us.

The designer of the
window-card (A) made
a mistake closely akin
to the common error
referred to in the pre¬
ceding article. Readers
will note that he was
careful to have the
space from the point of
the flag at the top to
the upper edge of the
card equal to the space
from border to edge of
card on the other three
sides. Unmindful of
the fact that the flag
comes to a point, and
that it- occupies but little
space along the top of
the card, he so placed it
— and shortened his
border in depth — that
there is entirely too
great a difference be¬
tween the margin at the
top and those on the
other three sides. The
flag, coming to a point,
as it does, could have
reached almost to the
top edge of the card,
allowing the border to
come almost as near the
edge at the top as it
does at bottom and
sides. The effect of
such wide marginal
space at the top, moving the bulk of the design down, as it
does, is to overbalance the design at the bottom and create a
displeasing appearance because of the lack of equilibrium.
Units which come to a point should be extended into the
margin, and, although some consideration must be given
the space they occupy, the idea must be to create uniformity
of white space and good balance in the design as a whole.
The same point demands consideration, for example, when
the capitals “ T ” and “L” — in large sizes — are placed at
the ends of lines in squared groups, when the extending
elements must be moved slightly into the margin so that
the extraordinary amount of white space in those particu¬
lar letters will not affect balance or make contour irregular.

We have often called
attention to the fact
that lines of type to be
printed in the weaker
color of a design should
be set in proportion¬
ately bolder types so
that the finished two-
color job will be as near
uniform in tone as pos¬
sible. Red, orange and
all warm colors are
much weaker in tone
than black and the cold
colors — blue, green, etc.
This may be easily seen.
Obviously, then, the last
line printed in red in
“A” should never have
been so printed. In¬
stead of being empha¬
sized, it is weakened.
It appears almost lost,
and would be hard to
read at a distance. It
breaks up the tone of
the design as a whole.

In sending this spec¬
imen to us, the compos¬
itor who designed it
stated that he had been
told too large a portion
of the design was
printed in the warm
color. While on ordi¬
nary work a small por¬
tion only should be
printed in red, or any
warm color, in poster
work such as this considerable license is allowable. We
would not say that there is too much of the warm color, but
will say that the red is poorly arranged. The main line —
the largest mass of red — is too near the center of the
design, and, as a consequence, the arrangement of the color
is not good. In the resetting (B), the faults pointed out in
the original have been largely overcome. There are others
of less importance, of course, and the resetting may not
please all, but a comparison of the two should serve to
emphasize the reasons for the changes.

The trouble with the menu (C) is that the designer
appears to have made up the decoration first and then set
out to make the type fit his scheme. This method is, in

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Himtesota to Ifrrlut

On the road from Minnesota there’s, a place that's vacant still.

There’s your rifle lying idle, there’s your uniform to fill,’

True, at home they hate to lose you. but the, march will soon begin;

On the road from Minnesota, with the army to Berlin.

In your easy chairs of homeland, are you there content to stay.

While others guard the nation’s honor, -while the Germans boast the day?

For your kin and country need you, and we want to count you in.

On the road from Minnesota, with the army to Berlin.

Have you not heard of lonely crosses over boys who’ll n’er come home
Will you linger while they’re calling, will you leave them there alone?

For they’re calling, calling, and they want to hear you sing.

’’On the Road Prom Minnesota,. With the Army to Berlin. ’’

When from Mons they fought each footstep, when with pain their lips were dumb.
Twas the hope that held those trenches, never doubting you would come;

Through that frozen hell at Warsaw, midst the shrapnel’s wreaking din,

They have wailed, never fearing, that you’d Join them In Berlin.

On the road from Minnesota, there’s a crimson death to pay.

There’s a land of fearful' sufTr.ing, haggard faces, ’tired and gray,

Ruined girlhood, murdered infants, strew the trail of colored sin.

Don’t you hear the call for vengeance, won’t you join us in Berlin?

On the road from Minnesota, sleep the boys whose days are done.

Don’t you hear their voices calling to complete their work begun?

There are ghostly fingers beckoning; there are victories yet to win.

On the road from Minnesota, with the army 'to Berlin.

On the road to Minnesota, when the boys come home at last.

Won’t you \yi$h that you had listened, ere your country’s call had passed?

The gates of manhood still are open, your part is yet to begin,

Start. today from Minnesota, Join the army for Berlin*

{Compliments of the Detroit Record.)

3 E E E Ra Ps'fta E E E E E fa eeeeeeeeeeeee e *

Fig. 3.

TITNEY SERVICE

mJ CHAS. S. HALL

CHAS. S. HALL

HOUSE PHONE 87-R

orecon hotel phone 44 Cottage Grove, Oregon

HOUSE PHONE 87-R

Oregon hotel phone 44 Cottage Grove, Oregon

Fig. 4.

Fig. 5.

500

THE INLAND PRINTER

effect, analogous to putting the cart before the horse, a
procedure that was never known to result in success. The
type is the thing, and decoration should be the secondary
thought. It should be used simply to embellish and make
the type more effective and the form more appropriate. In
the case of “ C ” the intricate border arrangement over¬
shadows the type, makes the whole design complex and

of composition. For solid matter, one em at the begin¬
ning of a paragraph is enough to give the intended dis¬
tinction of a change of subject. When the matter is wide
leaded or white-lined, and the white space between lines
is thereby made larger, two or three em quadrats are
often used. These wide indentions are striking, but they
have disadvantages. If the preceding paragraph ends with

Dear friend:

Please make a special effort to attend the Young
Peoples meeting at Cambridge, Columbus Day, Oct. 12, 1917.

An attractive program is promised, and a special
surprise is due the society with the best attendance.

We anticipate meeting YOU at the Brockton
Station in time for the 12:41 P. M. train.

Please come and help win the prize.

COMMITTEE.

Fig. 1. — “ Paragraph Indention.”

makes impossible that nice distribution of white space along
symmetrical lines which • is so essential to pleasing typog¬
raphy. The position of the paneled flags made the use of
leaf border units necessary to fill the irregular white spaces
inside the border proper at top and bottom. The resetting
(D) is appropriately decorated, but it will be noted that
the ornamental features are simply arranged in such a way
as to balance the page without subordinating the type or
making the design complex because of multiplicity of parts.

The one big fault in “ E,” the announcement of The
Roundup Tribune, is the use of capitals for such a large
amount of matter. The crowded appearance — and the
fact that people have been trained for generations to read
lower-case, and can not read capitals as easily and with the
same degree of comprehension - — makes the announcement
a failure, for it is all but illegible. Another fault is that
the design is top-heavy, due to the too-high position of the
main group. Still another pronounced fault is the lack of
shape harmony between the type-block and the page, the
page being narrower than it is deep, whereas the type-block
is wider than it is deep. Pleasing results are only obtain¬
able when the type-mass approximates the proportions of
the paper-page. The reader will note that the corrections
suggested have been made in the resetting (F).

Paragraph Indention.

We are in receipt of the following letter from Edwin
G. Norling, Brockton, Massachusetts: “ Kindly state in
the next issue of The Inland Printer whether it is incor¬
rect to indent the paragraphs as far as is done in the
accompanying card, and oblige.”

The card is reproduced on this page (Fig. 1) so that
all may see it. As a general statement, we will say that
it is incorrect to indent paragraphs as far as they are in
this instance. In support of our opinion, we quote from
De Vinne’s excellent work, “Correct Composition”:

“ The one-em indention for the regular paragraph is
most frequent, but indention changes with varied forms

a single syllable, it is practically separated from its fol¬
lowing paragraph by a full white line of irregular shape
which makes an awkward gap (Fig. 2). The very wide
indentions made by penmen, who sometimes begin a new
paragraph in or near the center of the sheet, should not

they see it. A blunt statement, perhaps, but
true.

Your good work continues to interest
us : the distinctive treatment given the unique

Fig. 2. — “ Paragraph Indention.”

be imitated in print. They are unpleasing even in script
type. Indentions of three ems or more in a narrow measure
are almost as wasteful of space as a full white line. A
pleasing appearance can be given to open composition by
one-em indention and full white lines between paragraphs.
The object of indention, the leading of the eye to a notice¬
able white space that indicates a break in the discourse
or writing, is defeated when that blank is made too wide,
compelling the turning over of too many short lines. The
proper adjustment of indention and of breaks at the ends
of paragraphs is as important as even leading and even
spacing.”

From the foregoing it will be seen that Mr. De Vinne
discourages even two and three em indentions, whereas
the example in question is indented five ems. The point
made by the eminent printer regarding short lines ending-
paragraphs does not apply to the card shown (Fig. 1), for
the last line in each paragraph is rather long in each case.
However, indention is too far, we are sure all will agree.
On exceptionally wide measures two, or even three, em
indentions are often desirable, but the measure in which
this particular example was set could not be considered
wide. It is our judgment that two-em indentions would
have been satisfactory in Fig. 1, but surely not five ems.

THE INLAND PRINTER

501

BY J. L. FRAZIER.

Under this head will be briefly reviewed brochures, booklets and specimens of printing sent in for criticism. Literature submitted for this pur¬
pose should be marked “For Criticism” and directed to The Inland Printer Company, Chicago. Postage on packages containing specimens must
not be included in package of specimens, unless letter postage is placed on the entire package. Specimens should be mailed flat, not rolled.

Ed Kysela, Sapulpa, Oklahoma. — • You are
doing good work, the specimens sent us being
correctly designed and nicely printed as well, a
combination all too infrequently attained by
most printers.

Carl J. H. Anderson, Amherst, Ohio. —
Quaint, dignified and pleasing — all these words
are useful in describing the character of your
work. We admire it, and want to see more.
Come again.

We have received from Rogers Job Print,
Plymouth, Massachusetts, several copies of a
little house-organ. The Rogers INKubator, and
some blotters, all of which are characterized by
simple, neat and, especially, readable typography.

Joseph H. Petty, High¬
land Park, New Jersey. —

The folder sent us for review
is satisfactorily designed and
composed. The gray- tone
type should never have been
used on such rough stock.

Read review of The Gackle
Republican.

Edwin H. Stuart, Pitts¬
burgh, Pennsylvania. — -We
continue to admire your
pleasing and dignified typog¬
raphy. The specimens for
the People’s Bank and the
bill-head for The Schenley
Press are representative of
the best quality of printing.

L. M. Herrmann, Atlantic
City, New Jersey. — -The an¬
nouncement concerning res¬
ervations for the holiday
period at The Breakers is
exceptionally chaste and
pleasing in design. The let¬
tering is clever, but the lines
are crowded a little too
closely.

Arthur C. Gruver, Pitts¬
burgh, Pennsylvania. — Speci¬
mens of your work are always
dignified and pleasing, and,
set in legible type-faces, are
all that they should be. Some
may be doing more elaborate
work than you, but none bet¬
ter work. Given a full series
of Caslon Old Style, with its
companion italic — and per¬
haps some swash characters
for their decorative value —
good white paper, good black
ink, and a little red-orange,
too, a skilful compositor and
designer such as you need not
worry about the other fellow.

When you meet up with the
opportunity to do the elab¬
orate you will have no trouble

doing it justice, and that sanely. Several of
your specimens are reproduced.

Saul H. Gompers, New York city. — The
specimens you have sent us are all of a good
grade, some of them being particulai-ly original
and pleasing in design. The card, “After hi¬
bernating fifteen years,” etc., would be much
better if set in lower-case, for the mass of capi¬
tals is very difficult to read. Read other reviews
on this point.

Allstrum Printing Company, Tacoma,
Washington. — - The office forms which you sent
us indicate that you do business in the right
way — • that is, with system. They are a little
too elaborate in design, we feel, but the ideas

are there and we will use them as a basis for
suggestions to other printers in a future issue.
Thank you.

H. A. Skinner, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
— ■ All the specimens you have sent us are neat,
readable and attractive. Good taste in selection
of colors for printing the dignified, yet not
severe, designs, coupled with clean presswork,
makes the various examples of your work quite
pleasing. Nothing more could be expected ;
certainly no more could be demanded.

Cahill-Carberry Company, Chicago, Illinois.
— We admire the cover-design for the menu-
booklet of the dinner tendered the boys of the
Grant Park Naval Training Camp very much
indeed, especially as regards
the unusual, yet pleasing, col¬
ors used in printing it. Artist
and printer alike deserve
commendation for the excel¬
lent results. The inside pages
are nicely designed and well
printed.

John W. Soden, Milford,
New York. — The letter-head
for O. A. Weatherly & Com¬
pany, Incorporated, is very
pleasing and effective. The
complex letter-head on which
you wrote should have been
as simple and attractive. The
italic capitals, crowded as
they are in the mass at the
left side of your office letter¬
head, are illegible in them¬
selves, and crowding makes
them more so.

Miehle Printing Press &
Mfg. Co., Chicago, Illinois. —
The booklet on your Miehle
Pony is exceptionally pleas¬
ing. We admire especially
the clever cover-design, which
combines originality, beauty
and effectiveness to a high
degree. The inside pages are
fit companions for the out¬
side dress, too, and our judg¬
ment is the booklet will
accomplish all that it can be
expected to accomplish.

Pleasants County Leader,
St. Marys, West Virginia. —
A plain, dignified announce¬
ment would be preferable to
the rather too complex, rule-
ornamented folder issued to
announce the Christmas num¬
ber of your paper. Stunts
with rule are not only time-
consuming, but they handicap
the efficiency of type in its
mission of conveying infor¬
mation and have a tendency

NEW YORK
BOSTON

BOND STREET
SHIRTS

SAN FRANCISCO
CHICAGO

ATKIN & HARTMAN

MAKERS

44 EAST FOURTEENTH STREET

NEAR BROADWAY

NEW YORK CITY

TELEPHONE
STUYVESANT 4321

LEW S. GROSNER

SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVE

NEW YORK
B O STON

Bond Street
Shirts

SAN FRANCISCO
CH IC AGO

MADE BY

ATKIN HARTMAN

44 EAST FOURTEENTH STREET- NEAR BROADWAY
NEW YORK CITY

TELEPHONE
STUYVESANT 4321

LEW S. GROSSER

Sptcial Representative

Two arrangements of the same business-card copy. The use of large and bold
type in the first one has resulted in a crowded, cheap and undignified design
which could hardly be expected to impress business men of standing and worth.
The resetting (below) by Arthur C. Gruver, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, is not only
neat, dignified and pleasing, but the lines thereon are as prominent as they need
be for business-card display. Then, too, size alone does not give prominence.

502

THE INLAND PRINTER

harmony and good taste are concerned. On the
wall-card, “ Flag Day, 1916,” neither enough
ink nor sufficient impression was carried.

E. B. Payne Company, Hutchinson, Kansas.
— ■ The portfolio of letter-heads sent out by you
to regular and potential customers will prove
good advertising, we feel sure. The specimens
are bound in nice shape ; and, as a whole, we
consider them good. We note one bad ten¬
dency on your part — - the use of larger sizes of
type than are necessary, thus losing dignity
and pleasing dress, so essential in a letter-head
design. A little more restraint in type sizes
and your work will bear comparison with the
best, for in design and display it is good.

Alvin E. Mowrey, DuBois, Pennsylvania. —
The specimens sent us are especially neat and
pleasing. Of the two arrangements of the
letter-head for the DuBois Glass Company, we
prefer — in so far as arrangement is concerned
— - the one in which the block italic is used, as
its general shape and balance are better, but,
for other reasons, we would prefer the consis¬
tent use of regular, upright characters through¬
out, as shown in the other design. Taking
everything into consideration, we admire most
the one in which the italic is used, although
really there is not much room for choice.

Some time ago an edition of “ The Voice of
the City,” a brochure issued by the New York
American, and produced by The Cheltenham
Agency of New York city, was reviewed in this
department. It was quite distinctive, as all
will remember who saw the specimen pages
reproduced at that time. Now comes another
issue, this one produced by the press of William
Edwin Rudge, Inc., of that city. The brochure
— or booklet, as some might term it — was de¬
signed by Benjamin Sherbow and is as distinc¬
tive as was the first one, and wholly interesting,
attractive and readable. The cover is repro¬
duced on this page and an inside page is shown
opposite, in order to give our readers an idea
of its character and to suggest, perhaps, adap¬
tations for their own work. As the reproduc¬
tions suggest, the border in orange was “ bled.”
The copy for the booklet is composed of special
articles which have appeared in the American,
the idea of the production, we presume, being
to impress advertisers with the character of
news-matter which appears in that paper.

One of the handsomest printed things we
have seen in some time is a facsimile reproduc-
Cover-design of a distinctive booklet designed by Benjamin Sherbow and printed by William Edwin tion of Abraham Lincoln’s famous letter to a
Rudge, New York city, for the New York American. (See text page opposite.)

The Voice of the City

NOVEMBER 1917

VOLUME n NUMBER I

In this Number

Maurice Maeterlinck
G. R. Shaw EL G. Wells Yves Guyot
Everett Shinn W. R. Hearst Lady Duff-Gordon
Louis Raemaekers Isaac F. Marcosson Herbert Kaufman
James J. Corbett

And a number of others

to make designs complex, except when prop¬
erly used for borders, cut-offs and panels.

Harry W. Leggett, Ottawa, Ontario. — ■ Your
latest collection of specimens is made up of
delightfully pleasing examples of the typog¬
rapher’s art. The third page of your little
folder, entitled “ Types,” is reproduced on this
page. The thought expressed therein is one
that many printers could commit to memory
and apply to good effect. A hand-lettered folder
title-page is also reproduced.

Twin City Printing Company, Champaign,
Illinois.- — • Typographically, The Illinois Maga¬
zine is exceptionally fine, the advertisements
being neat, and effective as well. The consis¬
tent use of Cloister Old Style for both display
and text of advertisements produces an effect
that is decidedly pleasing to the eye. The work
furnishes a refutation to the argument, all too
often heard, that many and varied type-faces
are necessary to give each individual advertise¬
ment proper display value.

The Gackle Republican, Gackle, North Da¬
kota. — Your stationery forms and the rate-card
are both interesting and pleasing in design.
The type-face used for display, however, is one
which we have never admired, and one, as well,
that is unsuited to printing on rough bond.
Gray-tone types and borders are pleasing

on smooth papers where the amount of
ink carried will not cause them to fill
up and where the evenness of the stock
allows the fine lines to print uniformly
sharp and clear.

M. C. Henderson, Pittsburgh, Penn¬
sylvania. — You are turning out some
exceptionally good, plain typework for
Stewart Brothers, the kind that, for
pleasing effects, best results and econ¬
omy of production combined, has not
been improved upon. You apparently
do not have much opportunity to ac¬
complish elaborate results in printing,
but, if you could only realize how many
fall down in doing the ordinary, every¬
day run of work, you would feel quite
satisfied with yourself.

From William F. Burmester, instruc¬
tor of printing classes in the Ralston
Industrial School, Pittsburgh, Pennsyl¬
vania, we have received some very good
examples of students’ work. The speci¬
mens are well arranged and displayed,
and good taste is evident in the selection
and arrangement of type-faces. Taken
all in all, we feel that you are efficient
as an instructor, especially in so far as
inculcating in the young minds ideas of

Types to they that be of
the Craft are as things that
be Alive. He is an ill Work-
er that handleth them not
gently and with Reverence.

In them is the power of
Thought contained,
and all that cometh
therefrom.

tjtdrrmr of
‘Pryntyng

O P Q R S T

Good advice for the typographer, from a folder de¬
signed and printed by Harry W. Leggett, Ottawa,
Ontario. In the original, the letters in the border
were printed in gray, the other type-matter in black.

THE INLAND PRINTER

503

A Word on Circulation

Benj. Franklin and Fingey Connors — What Hadley said— A Steam Shovel
and a Swiss Watch— Either or— The Shallow Bath Tub

BACK in the days when, despite, or may¬
be even on account of, his mother-in-
law’s protest against his entering a
profession so overcrowded, Benjamin Frank¬
lin founded the fourth newspaper in the
United States — back in those good old days,
there dwelt in a nearby township a certain
job printer, Uriah Smallbreeches by name.

Emboldened by his neighbor’s success,
Uriah straightway founded him also a news¬
paper. Almost every day it appeared, morning
or afternoon; and its circulation and adver¬
tising departments became quite naturally a
perquisite of the official Town Crier.

But that dignitary, by his very profession,
being too diffident to succeed as a Circulation
man, the sheet soon reached the point where
it began to quote circulation in "readers
rather than buyers.

Finally the Town Crier gave up in despair
"Uriah,” he said, "I haven’t got ye a sub
scriber in a fortnight.”

"Never mind,” answered“the publisher
cheerfully, as he thumped off the day’s edi¬
tion. "Go get me a lot of thick, glossy print
stock; and — say — on your way out, double
our advertising rates!”

"But,” gasped the Town Crier,"that young
Quaker in Philadelphia hath ten times our
circulation ! ”

"Yes, and by that same token, our circu¬
lation has ten times his quality!” answered
the imperturbable Smallbreeches.

Right then and there was born the immor¬
tal "Quality-instead-of-Size” circulation ar¬
gument!

"Them that has ’em, mostly wears ’em,”

is reported as Fingey Connors’ answer to
some captious comment on the vulgarity of
too many diamonds in one’s personal adorn¬
ment. So with circulation!

I once knew a publisher who did spend his
days trying to keep down his circulation —
hut he spent his nights trying to beg, borrow
or steal another ton' of paper. The vast ma¬
jority of publishers are frankly, openly — and
quite properly— after all the circulation they
can get; the others remind one of President
Hadley’s definition of a small college as an
institution eagerly advertising its advantages
as a small college in order to attract enough
students to turn it into a big one.

A publication is known by the circulation
it keeps. But even more accurately may it be
judged by the new circulation it attracts. If
five thousand — or five hundred thousand —
readers are keenly enough interested in a
magazine or newspaper, they not only keep
on reading it themselves, but praise it to
their friends, and that publication must grow
proportionately.

riiO go forward is, as a matter of fact, the
1 only natural course for any live publica¬
tion. To fall off in circulation, or even to
stand still, is a symptom of incipient dry rot
at the very heart — reader interest.

Mightn't a buyer of advertising, then,
make a good deal worse rule than to take
space only in publications showing continu¬
ally a certain percentage of circulation gain ?

This gain percentage is, as a matter of fact,
the only fair criterion, for little basis for
comparison is to be found elsewhere. As well
compare a steam shovel and a Swiss watch

Text page from a handsome booklet received from the New York American. The border in red
appeared on all pages, “ bled,” and, with wide margins inside, made both a pleasing
and striking effect, without handicapping the prominence of the type.

Mrs. Bixby, who had lost five sons in the Civil
War. Above the letter, which is outlined to
show a curl at top and bottom and is sur¬
rounded by a background made by a Ben Day
screen, a line portrait of the great emancipator
is printed on a hot-stamped panel, the oval
surrounding the illustration also standing in
relief to the gray background. Printed in gray
ink on rich, antique white stock, with a deckled
edge at the bottom, the effect is almost litho¬
graphic and surely very pleasing.

I. A. Cernicky & Company, Milwaukee, Wis¬
consin. — The blotter on which you make an
“ Unusual Printing Offer ” of letter-heads, bill¬
heads and envelopes is well designed and white
space is effectively used therein. The orange
ink used for the second color, while satisfactory
for printing the background of the border, is
too weak in tone and carrying power for print¬
ing the one small line, “ Try our leader,” and
the initial. The weaker the tone of a color the
stronger, proportionately, the letters should be
that are to be printed therewith. Compare the
effect of the large lines and the small lines
printed in orange on this blotter.

The Inland Printer is in receipt of a hand¬
some booklet from The Sterling Press, New
York city, commemorating the tenth anniver¬
sary of the establishment of that firm. The
cover-design is striking and the work through¬
out is of high order. The only fault we could
point out, and that is largely a matter of taste,
is that the title on the cover, “ You have helped
us reach the — ,” is an incomplete thought,
the remainder of the sentence being found at
the beginning of the text on the fourth inside
page. While this idea may have some value as
a curiosity-arouser, its indefiniteness would no
doubt cause it to be cast aside by many recip¬
ients. We do not commend such ideas.

George H. Glenn, Duluth, Minnesota. — The
business-card for the Rankin-Denton Printing
Company is pleasing in design, although, for
the sake of better harmony, we would prefer
to see the name of Mr. Denton, which appears
in the lower left-hand corner, set in the same
style of type as used for the main group, as
the two type-faces are not pleasing in combi¬
nation, due to their great difference in shape.
There is not much room for choice between the
two shades of gray used for the outside border,
but the red-orange is preferable to the lake red
suggested by the pressman for the rule.

#t)e.

Crabtree

Cojgpang

^Designers &
(SngrnOere

Hand-lettered folder title-page by Harry W.
Leggett, Ottawa, Ontario. Original printed in
shade and tint of yellow-green on India Japan stock.

Kable Brothers Company, Mount Mor¬
ris, Illinois. — The Kablegram, your house-
organ, is excellent in every way. Contrary
to the usual printer’s paper. The Kablegram
is issued in newspaper form, there being
eight pages of four standard thirteen-pica
columns. The publication is issued in this
shape, presumably, because of its appropri¬
ateness to the character of the firm’s busi¬
ness, which is the production of papers for
fraternal organizations. The paper appears
to be ably edited. Kable Brothers have built
up a large plant and are doing a big busi¬
ness in their line in a small town, the char¬
acter of the business enabling them to get
away from the marts of trade, where ex¬
pense of operation is necessarily high and
where conditions are not as good for the
workmen as in the small towns.

Arthur Styverson, Ridgefield Park, New
Jersey. — -The bank-checks are satisfactory,
but on the statement for the Safety Deposit
Vault Department of the Fifth Avenue
Bank you have used three altogether dif¬
ferent styles of type — text, script and block
• — and the result is anything but pleasing,
for there is no harmony between them. A
rearrangement of the lines could be made,

with the result of improved balance, as the
heading proper is overbalanced at the bottom.
The curved and straight lines making the half
circle — “ safe deposit ” on the curve, and
“ vaults ” on the straight base-line — should
be raised to the top of the design, on a level
with the top of the first line. The line

“M . ” and the date should be raised

slightly, and the line bearing the name of the
bank should be raised also and centered from
side to side on the sheet.

Thompson Printing Company, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania. — Specimens of your work are
of a very good grade, being examples of ordi¬
nary, every-day work which indicate good
taste in composition, design and in the selection
of colors. The main display group on the inter¬
esting title-page of the menu for Boothby’s
Restaurant could be raised without affecting
balance materially, but with great improvement
to margins — • as the side margins at the ends
of the main line are altogether out of propor¬
tion to the marginal space above that line. The
menu for Girard College, in which the type-
matter is printed in red, is quite unusual in
design and color, but the use of capitals in a
squared block of rather too narrow measure,
considering the size and width of the type.

504

THE INLAND PRINTER

j\(ew York

Umoim Priota

Devotcd to Allied Printing Trades.

C, Volume: Eighteen. fl. Number: One. €LPrice: Ten Cents.

SEPTEMBER

' 9 '-7

Ct,The Ugj w Tork (7nion ‘Printer is the only labor
publication print'd in Great'r NewYork that is officially
recogniz'd by thes-Ym'rican Ped'ration ofTjhor.

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Vol. 1 8, No. i

Price io Cents

3\ (ewYork

Union Printer

Devoted to e Allied Printing Trades

The NewYork Union Printer
is the only JjthorT’ublication printed in
Greater NewYork that is officially
recognized by the American
Federation of Labor

September

1917

Two cover-designs submitted in a recent contest in New York city. Presented here through the courtesy of

Stanley Smolka, Jersey City, New Jersey.

made bad spacing unavoidable. The “ rivers
of white ” running through the mass are not
only glaring and displeasing in themselves, but
break up the unity and tone of the mass. We
discourage the use of capitals for further rea¬
sons, which you will learn from reading other
reviews in this department.

From Stanley Smolka, Jersey City, New Jer¬
sey, we have received a number of specimens
of cover-designs, which, we understand, were
entered in a recent contest. There are a num¬
ber of excellent and unusual designs in the lot
and we would like to show them all, but have
space only for the two which appear at the
top of this page.

H. B. Woodruff, Plymouth, New Hampshire.
— - We do not consider your letter-head good.
In the first place, it is complex — not so much
as to arrangement as to the number of parts
of the design and their widely separated posi¬
tions. Best results are obtained when the lines
of a design are massed closely — - not crowded
in spacing, of course, but, rather, grouped into
few parts — so that comprehension will be easy.
While we would not criticize the use of three
colors thereon, we would prefer to see the lines
inside the border printed in the black rather
than in the light tint from which the border
also was printed. For practical results, the
lines are too small to be printed in a weak
color. We suggest that you examine what Mr.
Trust has accomplished with one color, black,
on white stock, and also without recourse to
rules. Strange to say, the best work requires
the least time for composition. Simplicity is
the rule of the hour, not only because it results
in best work, but, more especially now, because
it conserves time, labor and money.

The striking cover-design on this page is
from the last issue of The Artisan, a monthly
publication by students in the State Trade

Education Shop, Bridgeport, Connecticut. It
follows out the service flag, by which the num¬
ber who have enlisted from any family, factory,
office or school is indicated. In this instance,
it represents the number from that particular

Cover-design in the form of the national
service flag, a very appropriate and striking
idea from The Artisan, State Trade Education
Shop, Bridgeport, Connecticut.

school who have entered national service, and
it makes an admirable, striking and appropriate
cover-design, which could be adopted by other
publications with equally satisfactory results.

We have received from W. H. Parker, Major,
U. S. M. C., retired, in charge of the Recruit¬
ing Publicity Bureau of the United States Ma¬
rine Corps, a small booklet entitled “ The Story
of the Shoulder Strap,” which is especially in¬
teresting at this time when all are endeavoring
to know what this and that emblem stands for.
In it all the shoulder straps are illustrated,
the base pay of the rank indicated by each is
given, and pertinent little paragraphs concern¬
ing the different grades make up the text. A
unique feature of the booklet is that there is not
a line of type on the eight inside pages and
the four cover-pages, all of which are printed
— the text, as well as display, being lettered
and illustrations drawn by Corporal Paul Woy-
shner, who deserves praise for their interesting
appearance. We have only one suggestion to
make to the Corporal, and that is to avoid sep¬
arating parts of one sentence or title so far
apart that connection is not clear and imme¬
diate. On the cover he has placed the words
“ Story of the ” at the top, immediately below
which an illustration of a marine appears, the
remainder of the title, “ Shoulder Strap,” ap¬
pearing at the very bottom of the page.

From Thomas P. Nichols & Son Company,
Lynn, Massachusetts, we have received a num¬
ber of office forms and informative envelope-
stuffers that are not only satisfactorily designed
and printed, but which, at the same time, con¬
stitute good advertising for the firm. One of
the stuffers carries out the new postage rates
which went into effect on November 2. This
stuffier, sent out in the company's letters, in¬
voices, etc., previous to that date, could not but
be appreciated by recipients, and as a conse-

THE INLAND PRINTER

505

Ths Inland Printer;
632 S. Sherman St.
Chicago, Ill.

The Inland rrintor,
632 S» Shcnnan St . (
Chicago, Ill.

Your Order No.

No. of Packages

Your Order No.

DELIVERY RECEIPT FROM CUSTOMER
7<. EC LIVED IN GOOD O ‘R D E H FRO M

THE FRANKLIN PRINTING COMPANY

The Franklin Printing Co.

DESIGNERS AND PRODUCERS OF
DIRECT- BY-MAIL ADVERTISING

FRANKLIN WILDING.

COLUMBUS,

OHIO

Adame Expr*

Adana gxpraa'

For information as to how these office forms are used, read review of The Franklin Printing Company, which

appears on this page.

quenee establish good will for the house of
Nichols. Proportion and balance are violated
in the placing of the type-groups on the inside
pages of Typographic a, being centered from top
to bottom. Read other reviews in this depart¬
ment for more thorough information on this
point. The rules used for decoration at top
and bottom of these groups, and to give the
page greater depth, are not pleasing. Better
by far have raised the type-groups to the point
of balance, and to have had only one ornament
of pleasing design in the lower part of each
page. The lines set in capitals, constituting the
heading on the left-hand page, are crowded too
closely. As there are no shoulders at the top
of capitals, they must be spaced wider than
lines of lower-case.

The Franklin Printing Company, Colum¬
bus, Ohio, uses an exceptionally good label for
pasting on proofs going out to customers. In
sending The Inland Printer a copy, the com¬
pany wrote us as follows : “ Knowing that you

are interested in print-shop customs, we en¬
close a sticker that is attached to proofs be¬
fore leaving our office. Obviously, we adopted
the heading and its subsequent copy in order
that our client’s attention might be especially
directed to these four very important features
in reading proof.” The idea is worth adapting
and to give readers a better idea of the sticker,
and to show the copy as well, it is reproduced
on this page in two colors. We are also show¬
ing specimens of delivery receipts and labels
(Nos. 1, 2 and 3 in group above) utilized by
that company, the use of which is described in
the letter as follows : “ We enclose specimens

of labels and delivery receipts that we are now
using. The buff and the white labels are iden¬
tical, except that the white has additional space
for shipping instructions and is therefore used
only on out-of-town shipments (No. 1), while
the buff label is used for local deliveries. We

Franklia Building — 33-35 W. Gay Street
Bell M-2666 Ohio State 2622

4 Things for you to do

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

Material changes in copy after type has
been set incur extra expense and will
be charged for in accordance with our
schedule for the class of work involved.

Carefully compare this proof
with the original copy.

Make certain that spelling,
arrangement, etc., is correct.

If illustrations are used, see that
they are properly placed.

Return the original copy with
the proof.

O. K. as corrected
Send proof after Correcting

Cigntd O

Label for proofs.

have addressed these labels with your name, to
show you how a double address is made at one
writing, this appearing on the customer’s re¬
ceipt (No. 2) for the goods, as well as on the
label. The other side of that receipt (No. 3)
is for money paid the deliveryman, as we have
no wagon or motor delivery of our own, but
hire this done. The small label (No. 4) is used
where several packages constitute one delivery,
and, of course, is attached to each package ex¬
cept the one bearing the main label. These
shipping-labels are made out in the office when
the job is entered. When the goods are packed
ready for delivery or shipment, the label itself
is detached where perforated and pasted on
package. The receipt portion is carried by the
deliveryman in a small spring binder until the
customer's name is added. The receipt is then
delivered to the office and filed away in the job-
envelope covering the goods on that delivery.”

Commercial Printing Company, Middleport,
Ohio. — In many ways the program-booklet for
the local literary club is pleasing, but it is
subject to improvement by application of the
fundamental principle of proportion. Briefly,
proportion is the pleasing inequality of parts.
That means there should not be too great a
variation or too little variation, the latter con¬
dition resulting in monotony. The monogram
used as the cover-design is placed too high on
the page, dividing the page above and below in
two parts of too great variation. The correct
position would be above center in such position
that the space above would be as two parts to
a corresponding three parts of space below.
Balance and proportion go hand in hand, for it
is on the line dividing the page on that ratio
that a single group is properly balanced. The
position of the short inside pages also violates
proportion and balance, for, placed in the
exact center from top to bottom, monotony re¬
sults. The title-page would have been more

506

THE INLAND PRINTER

pleasing had smaller type
been used for the unimpor¬
tant lines, for, as printed,
the design appears crowded
from top to bottom. On the
inside pages, the small Wed¬
ding Text does not harmo¬
nize with the Cheltenham
capitals, either in design or
shape. Text characters can
only be used with roman
capitals when the latter are
considerably smaller than the
former, when the variation
in shape is not so pronounced.
The design on which the flag
appears is below center, and
the page, therefore, appears
bottom-heavy.

It seems strange that busi¬
ness men who will not
question a doctor when he
suggests an operation that
may mean death will persis¬
tently make demands upon
competent printers which are
inimical to their own best
interests. They do not pro¬
fess to know anything about
medical science, as a rule,
and, while we must admit
the parallel is not exactly
true, the great bulk of busi¬
ness men, no matter how
successful they have become
in their chosen lines of work,
are not competent judges of

Simon Trust • Printer

‘Distinctively High Grade Commercial ‘Printing

1 8 jo Bedford Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa.

a*?'

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,
November 21, 1917

Dear Inland Printer:

I read your valued publication regularly and enjoy it very much.

1 have been studying typography for two years, having originally
been a pressman.

Recently I started a shop of ray own and installed 471 Caslon and
New Caslon and their italics. I have high ideals about composi¬
tion, having studied with Ellsworth Geiet and Edwin H. Stuart,
Pittsburgh's leading typographers.

But I am having a good bit of trouble in selling my style of typog¬
raphy and send some originals and resettings, the resettings by
myself .

Notice the Sheinman letter-head. The original was in bold Gothic
type, from my point of view not appropriate for dress goods, silk6,
etc. More appropriate for a blacksmith shop or an iron foundry.
However, the customer wanted the black type.

Same with the Sheinman card. I had to reprint this 1,000 order
because I used light-face type.

Probably you are aware that a low standard of typography prevails
in the Pittsburgh district, generally speaking, as this is a tariff
and publication center. This condition i6 reflected in the commer¬
cial field and many customers have become so used to black type and
poor design they will have no other style.

If you could see fit to publish .this letter, and perhaps reproduce
one or two specimens to illustrate the point, it would help me in
my humble efforts to elevate the standard of typography, 86 I could
then show my customers unquestioned authority — the leading print¬
ing trade journal of the world.

Yours most cordially,

and black ink, and with them
produce for his customers
printing* that, from every
standpoint on which printing
may be judged, must be pro¬
claimed the best grade. None
are doing small work better
than he. Mr. Trust, as stated,
has a grievance, and in order
that other readers who have
run up against the same
proposition may know they
are not alone in gloom — and
that the facts may be laid
before our readers — his let¬
ter is reproduced on this
page. Read it. Then com¬
pare the business-card on the
left with the resetting on
the right. Given the one on
the left as copy, Mr. Trust
sought to improve upon it
for Mr. Sheinman’s best in¬
terests, and the result of his
labors is shown by the repro¬
duction on the right. Was
Mr. Sheinman pleased with
Mr. Trust’s interest? No.
He refused the order and de¬
manded that the original, in
bold type, crowded to suffo¬
cation, inappropriate to the
character of his business, un¬
dignified and inartistic, should
be reproduced. We have no
quarrel with Mr. Sheinman.
We only state that he does

DELL OR ANT 4U»8

William Sheinman

JOBBER AND IMPORTER OF

Dress Goods, Woolens
Silks and Embroidery

MAIN OFFICE 1 20! 1-120.1 FIFTH A VENUE,

PHILADELPHIA PITTSBURGH. PA.

llHpnnsKNTnn ni¬

ls the customer always
right? If you think so,
read the letter from Simon
Trust shown above, com¬
pare the business-card at
the left with Mr. Trust’s
improved design at the
right and read our com¬
ment in the review of his
work shown on this page.

Ph»nt, BELL GRANT 4328 R,,. Phonr , BELL 21 98 W GRANT

WILLIAM SHEINMAN

JOBBER AND IMPORTER OF

Dress Goods, Woolens, Silks, & Embroidery

I203-I205 FIFTH AVENUE, PITTSBURGH, PA.

<*>

Presented by Benj. B. Sheinman

quality in printing. The large amount of in¬
ferior work used not only indicates that the
printer responsible for it was not up to scratch,
but demonstrates as well that the customer was
no judge of printing, else he would not send
it out to represent him. The lack of apprecia¬
tion of good printing on the part of the average
business man is more emphatically emphasized,
however, by those instances which come to
light here and there where a really competent
printer, desirous of increasing his customer’s
prestige, improves on the quality of his print¬
ing and receives for his pains a
refusal of the order, perhaps, f

and a demand that the printer i

follow previously printed work
of poor quality. Down in Pitts¬
burgh, Pennsylvania, there are,
no doubt, many competent busi¬
ness men in every line. Fortu¬
nately, if these business men
but knew it, there are a number
of competent printers. One of
these, Simon Trust, a young fel¬
low just starting out to win his
spurs in the printing business,
has a grievance — and it is a
just one, too. Mr. Trust admits
that he is stai’ting out in a small
way — that he does not have a
big plant — and we presume that

there are printers who have much stronger
financial backing. We all had to start in a
small way, so that point is beside the fact.
Many large plants do inferior work and many
small ones turn out the very best grade of work.
What is pertinent to the fact, however, is that
few — large or small — have the ability to create
the superior grade of work that Mr. Trust does.
We admire his dignified typography. We com¬
mend his good judgment in the use of readable
type-faces. We are elated with the success he
has achieved in being able to take white paper

Simon Trust • *P r inter

SPECIALIZING IN

DISTINCTIVE COMMERCIAL

PRINTING

Both Phones

1850 Bedfokii Avenue
Pittsburgh • Pa

Mr. Trust’s dignified and pleasing business-card.

not know good printing when he sees it. He
no doubt knows what he wants, but that is
another matter. Mr. Trust does know good
printing. To emphasize the point, we will
state that in the package of specimens re¬
ceived from Mr. Trust were a number of others,
both originals and resettings by him, and in
every instance our correspondent has brought
about improvement — in some more striking
than on Mr. Sheinman’s card, as, for example,
the business-card for the Fort Wayne Tailoring
Company, shown on the following page.

Eugene J. Vacco, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania. — Your specimens
are of the usual good quality.
We quote from your letter re¬
garding your difficulty in pleasing
the salesman with an unconven¬
tional invitation : “ I want your
criticism on the Navajo Girls’
dance-card. I was told to fol¬
low my own layout on this job.
I set it as enclosed and pulled a
few press-proofs. The salesman
was dissatisfied with it and later
had it reset in a text type with
additional copy. Unfortunately,
I do not have a sample of one.
It was the usual “ You are cor¬
dially invited to attend,” etc.,
kind. Which do you think is

THE INLAND PRINTER

507

1AM producing in my new and modernly equipped plant,
high grade printing of distinctive design. A moderate price
and prompt delivery guaranteed. My printing will stim¬
ulate your business, create confidence in your product and
please both you and your trade. Try me on your next order.
Notice the readability of this blotter — the good presswork.

Tour Pruning Appropriation is an htvestment

Printing is the lifeblood of commerce. The successful business man
realizes that printing is an investment — not an expense. And the returns
are in proportion to the investment. I will help you in the preparation of
your stationery, booklets, folders, and direct by mail advertising literature.

Simon Trust

Printer

Bell Grant 6610-J
P. y A. Pitt 298 1

1850 Bedford Avenue
Pittsburgh, Pa.

A blotter that is both pleasing and readable, representative of the character of typography produced by Simon Trust,

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

best? Personally, I think that a dance invita¬
tion set in a text type is too commonplace and
lifeless, while one set in a roman type-face, with
a dance-ornament in it, puts more “ pep ” into
the card. It causes the recipient of the invi¬
tation to fall into the swing of the affair, so
to speak.” We are inclined to coincide with
your views regarding the inadvisability of slav¬
ishly following the conventional, the result of
which makes every job commonplace to a de¬
gree, no matter with what excel¬
lence it is executed. We believe,
however, that you could have ob¬
tained the unusual more effectively
had you gotten away from the
style you did follow, which is
similar to a title-page. The thought
raised, however, should set many
of our readers thinking and good
should result.

J. L. Dragoo, Kansas City, Mis¬
souri. — When the average com¬
positor is called upon to get up in
type a design such as is usually
done by an artist, as, for example,
a sheet-music cover, he feels that
it must be decorative, and as a
general consequence makes it
over so. The very nature of the
artist’s work makes it possible for
him to make his work decorative
to a greater degree, without vio¬
lating the tenets of good taste,
than the printer, who must work
with ornaments and borders of
fixed shape, size and character.

Therefore, the repeated advice in
these columns to practice restraint
in the use of rules, borders and
ornaments. Your title-page for
“ I’m Looking for a Girlie ” is
too elaborate ; it appears complex ;
and the lack of harmony between
the different decorative units
thereon makes it displeasing. The
panel around the titular lines at
the top does not follow the shape
of the lines, nor does it leave
pleasing margins around the type,
as it should. You will note that
the marginal space at top and
sides of the first line are quite
satisfactory, but, because the sec¬
ond line is short, an extraordinary
amount of white space is apparent
at the sides there, and because the
space below this line is smaller in

extent than that around the top line, the mar¬
gins throughout the panel present quite too
wide a variance for pleasing results. Of course,
printing in colors would help, and we are quite
sure the finished design will be more pleasing
than the proof submitted to us — that is, pro¬
vided the many rules are printed in a weak
tint in order to make them less prominent.

Geyer Printing Company, Dallas, Texas. —
An attempt to be elaborate got the designer of

FORT WAYNE

TA1LORINQ CO

MERCHANT TAILORS.

fflaiir ®n ($ri»pr from $25 up.

Clkaning, Pressing <S«. Repairing
©nr #,yrrialttj . .

403 FEDERAL STREET

PITTSBURGH, PA

Suits Made to Order from $2fj.OO up

Fort Wayne Tailoring Co.

TMer chant Tailors
Cleaning, Pressing and Repairing

OUR SPECIALTY

4O5 FEDERAL STREET

PITTSBURGH, PA.

The business-card at the top was given Simon Trust as copy ; and the
one below it is the result of his efforts toward improvement. These two
examples present a wonderful comparison for justifying those who claim
that one series of type not only results in more pleasing and harmonious
work, but that adequate display may also be given the work by variation
in size and the use of companion italic.

your letter-head into difficulty, and the result
is a complex, too decorative design that has
little value from a publicity standpoint. It is
not attractive, notwithstanding the fact that
three colors were used in printing, and the
decoration subordinates the important type-
matter, which is the important thing in any
design. Discriminating buyers of printing,
blessed with an average degree of good taste,
would hardly entrust their orders of printing
to you on the strength of that
letter-head. The line printed in
! red, immediately below the name
of the firm, seems to have been
placed there as an afterthought,
as the panel was not made to allow
for it, and that line crowds the
main line altogether too closely.
Study the simple one-color letter¬
heads by Mr. Trust, which are
reproduced on these pages. They
are excellent, dignified examples of
the printer’s art, and, notwith¬
standing the fact that they are
printed in one color only, while
yours is printed in three — and in
spite of the fact that practically
no rules or ornaments are used in
their design, whereas in yours
decorative features predominate —
they are much the superior. Then
stop and think, if you will, that
their cost was probably one-third
that of yours. Here, indeed, is food
for thought. Your business-card
comes nearer the right idea, for it
is simple, and the name stands out
because the decoration is not so
prominent. The check is also good,
but the green used is too dark,
especially for printing the insides
of outlined letters. A color is dark¬
ened in effect when surrounded by
a black or dark-colored line and
must be made proportionately
lighter to give the desired bright¬
ness and contrast.

Ralph E. Cain, Erick, Okla¬
homa. — The specimens of letter¬
heads you sent us are not at all
bad, but they are subject to im¬
provement in several ways. The
effect obtained by setting a display
line on a curve is hardly worth
the time required to accomplish it.
The Charles Molter letter-head
would be improved if the letters

508

THE INLAND PRINTER

The Inland Printer,
624-C22 Sherman St.
Chicnpo, Ill.

Gentle: en

Kindly eead ua four or five good names
of firms, which malse cases for books.

We want them in Chicago and westward,
so that we .ay loose no time in secur¬
ing cases.

A. 1. Scoville Press

of the name had been lined up at the bottom,
allowing the larger letters used to begin each
word to extend above the smaller capitals as
capitals ordinarily extend above lower-case.
The rules used below the smaller letters of the
name only serve to make the effect confusing,
and they take away somewhat from the dignity
of the design. Had the main group been low¬
ered somewhat, say a pica, and the matter in
the upper left-hand corner raised that amount
of space and moved about six points to the left,
the two groups would not run together as they
do. The whole design would then be whited out
more uniformly and better balanced. The ad¬
dress should also be raised.

To print satisfactorily on
bond-paper the following con¬
ditions should be present:

(1) The best grade of job-
black ink must be used, with
firm, fleshy rollers. (2) Form
should be locked up with bear¬
ers. (3) Tympan should con¬
sist of a top sheet of hard
manila, four or five sheets of
French folio — • or thin, hard
manila — and a thin sheet of
hard packing-board. Make the
form ready with the tympan
arranged as above. When
make-ready gives a good print,
which may slightly indent the
paper, you may then withdraw
the hard packing-board and
place it just beneath the top
sheet. This will give increased
sharpness to the printing and
will at once reduce the indent¬
ing. Much depends on ink
and rollers.

The A. L. Scoville Press,

Ogden, Utah, is equipped for
the production of lithographic
work as well as letterpress
printing, and, with good judg¬
ment, uses both lithographed
and printed stationery. The
last letter received from that
company by The Inland
Printer is reproduced on this
page. Lithographed in green
and black on white stock —
the border only being in green
— ■ an especially pleasing effect
was obtained, and it is certain
to influence some business
houses within the sphere of
the Scoville Press to favor
that kind of stationery. One
opportunity for improvement
is suggested to us : The small space left
within the design for writing suggests that
had the border been run closer to the edge of
the paper ail around, a more practical and
pleasing letter-head design would have resulted.

The Journal, Gordon, Nebraska. — - You made
a remarkable improvement in the letter-head
for the First State Bank of Hemingford. The
original copy from which you worked was not
at all in keeping with the dignity of the bank¬
ing business, and in the gaudy type-dress ap¬
peared quite too cheap for a financial concern.
However, with a dignified, legible and pleasing
type-face, the lines arranged in an orderly man¬
ner and well printed, the letter-head is re¬
markably good ; and this is all the more
refreshing for the reason that there is con¬
siderably more matter than letter-head space
will ordinarily admit in good display. The
envelope-slip, “ Please Pay Bill,” is remarkably
interesting in conception, the method of carry¬
ing the idea that a wolf is at the door by
printing a wolf's head, none too pleasing in
appearance, “ bled ” at the left edge of the sheet,
is novel. The motto-cards would be improved in

displeasing effect. Had the plate been printed
in some color for a base and then printed again
with gold ink, there would be no dust to scatter
and spoil the effect. The cover-design of The
Inland Printer for December was printed in
the manner we have detailed. You will find
no gold on other parts of the design than those
intended for gold. The illustration on the cover
is too low on the page, not only presenting
displeasingly unequal margins at the bottom, but
making the design bottom-heavy because of too
much weight below the center of balance.
Presswork on half-tones inside is very poor
indeed. The border around the inside pages is
too heavy ; much better results
would have been attained by the
use of plain one-point rules or,
at most, a light-toned decora¬
tive border. The fact that the
corners do not come together
is a contributing cause to the
poor appearance of the work.
As a rule, the displayed adver¬
tisements are good, but if you
will compare an advertisement
wherein light-face type is con¬
sistently used with one in
which some of the lines are
brought out in bold characters
you will, we are sure, agree
with us that the consistent use
of one series makes for the
most pleasing appearance. We
question whether any advertis¬
ing value is gained by the extra
emphasis of the few lines, and
certainly not enough to com¬
pensate for the loss in appear¬
ance. The eye will linger
longer on the thing that is
pleasing — and that has its
value in advertising just the
same as emphasis has. Then,
too, the very size the important
lines are made gives them, in
cur opinion, sufficient promi¬
nence, especially for a book
such as this.

H. Frederick Hayes, Houma,
Louisiana. — - You need to ob¬
tain an understanding of the
application of art principles to
typography. As a start, we
suggest that you read “ Design
and Color in Printing,” which
may be obtained from The
Inland Printer for the small
sum of one dollar. Violation
of fundamentals, such as shape
harmony, proportion, etc., are
apparent in most of the specimens sent in by
you. Briefly, shape harmony means that all of
the elements of a design shall be of the same
shape and proportion. An extended letter is
not of the same shape or proportions as a letter
of regular or condensed form. The applica¬
tion of these principles can be made in many
other instances. Red, or any bright color for
that matter, should be used in relatively small
proportions ; the colder color should dominate
any design. A violation of this point repre¬
sents a decided fault in the envelope corner-
card for the Bijou Theater, wherein at least
half the units are printed in orange. With the
two colors used, blue should have been used for
four-fifths of the design, one-fifth being printed
in the orange. It might be possible to stretch
the propoi’tion of orange to one-fourth. Too
much color makes a design bizarre and cheap¬
ens its appearance. The red you have used
with the black on the Bordeaux letter-head
and with the blue on the F. A. Theriot &
Co. envelope, the same red, is too dark for
those colors ; it is, in fact, almost the correct
red to form harmony of contrast with green.

appearance had the matter been set in smaller
type, for, as printed, the type is too large in
pi’oportion to the size of the cards. The
Thanksgiving cards, on which a bust portx’ait
of Mr. Clark appears, l-epresent a good idea in
foi'mat, and typogi-aphy is good, but the colors
used in printing are very poor. The effect,
instead of being harmonious, is bizarre. The
one on which the mount is salmon, the pi'inted
sheet goldenrod and the tipped-on portx’ait is
in brown on yellow-tinted stock, is about the
most violent clash we have ever seen. The
other is little better, for the light purplish cast
is not good for a poi’trait. Had the porti'ait

Lithographed lettei’-head used by The A. L. Scoville Press, Ogden, Utah. In orig¬
inal the boi’der was in green and the lettering and illustration in black.

printed in light brown been mounted on the
one where the purplish porti’ait was tipped,
the appearance would not be bad, as you may
see for youi'self by reversing the porti’aits as
we did. You can learn the principles of color
harmony easily and quickly from several books
which are on the market, and, as you are weak
in that respect, we suggest that you get busy
at once. It is too much for us to tell you in
the space available, but when you have the fun¬
damentals well in hand we shall be glad to cor¬
rect your little mistakes as they appear to us.

The Mount Carmel Press, New York city.
— While the evident intention appeal’s to have
been to get out something above the average
in the pi’oduction of the book, “ Soieme Dedi-
cazione, 14 Ottobre, 1917,” the poor quality of
pi-esswoi’k and several faults of design and
typography handicap the very pleasing format,
an excellent cover-design and good stock. The
gold on the cover was evidently dusted over a
base ink, and, after drying, of coui'se, some of
the gold was not attached to ink and has be¬
come scattered over the page, littering up the
deep brown ink and contributing to a rather

THE INLAND PRINTER

509

- s — ^ -

millHlAAAAAAllAIAAAM A HllilMliV

THE PRINTER'S PUBLICITY

BY FRANK L. MARTIN.

This department wall be devoted to the review and constructive criticism of printers’ advertising.

The Salesman on Paper.

Last month a salesman from George W. King & Son,
designers and printers, of Worcester, Massachusetts, en¬
tered the offices of several hundred business firms that buy
printing; discussed briefly but to the point with the heads
of these concerns the value of good printing and advertis¬
ing, and where to buy it; and, when he had finished, left
his card. He was no ordinary salesman, costing his em¬
ployers a lot of money for railroad fares, hotel bills and
salary, but he traveled on paper by mail, thus covering a
wide territory in a short time at little expense. If the
plant of George W. King & Son is not busy now filling the
orders for printing from the firms this salesman visited,
the company can feel assured that it made some new ac¬
quaintances, for few persons would fail to take a keen look
at the representative as he appeared on the cover-page
opening the door (Fig. 1), then read what he had to say
about printing on the inside
pages of the folder, and
finally glance at and most
probably preserve his attrac¬
tive card, which is almost
handed out at the close of the
discourse on the third page.

This piece of publicity
which the Worcester com¬
pany has sent out falls into
the novelty class. Too often
novelty publicity has a ten¬
dency to become freakish.

Whether a printing-firm, or
any other business, issues it
as an advertising medium,
there is always the danger of
overstepping the bounds of
good taste, or merely attract¬
ing attention without having
the essential quality that
brings results. There can be
no criticism of this sort on
the folder issued by George
W. King & Son. The com¬
pany has evolved the original
idea of having a real sales¬
man enter the office of a pros¬
pective buyer as near as it
can be done by the use of type
and photographs, and the ex¬
cellent execution of the idea
should make the folder par¬
ticularly effective as a public¬
ity medium for that house.

On the front cover there is a reproduction of a photo¬
graph — an excellent reproduction it is, too — of a young
salesman just entering your office door, with the greeting:
“ Good morning.” On the first page within the folder he
introduces himself and wastes no time in telling you his
errand; that he has come to talk to you a minute or so
about printing and the kind of printing that his plant is
prepared to turn out for you. You find him saying, for
instance:

“ The printer with advertising experience, one who
makes a study of advertising — who can appreciate your
standard of quality, and knows how to express it fittingly
on the printed page — is the type of printer you need. We
call this creative printing; and the difference between it
and commonplace printing is just the difference between an
original idea and a quotation.”

A few more words about printing and then he says:

“ I’d like to tell you more
about this, but I know your
time is valuable. Oh, by the
way, before I forget it, here
is one of my cards.”

The card of the firm is
here inserted in a slit. With
a request to call by telephone
when in a hurry for printing,
and a “ Goodby,” the sales¬
man is gone.

This folder, ingeniously
gotten up and attractively
printed in colors on good
stock, not only commands the
attention that advertising lit¬
erature should, but it is a
forceful example of how
direct-by-mail advertising can
be used to supplant the sales¬
man in these times when sales¬
men are scarce in any line of
business.

William S. McMath Printing
Company.

It was Arthur Brisbane
who said that a good pic¬
ture is worth a million words.
If this is true, the William S.
McMath Printing Company
believes that the advertising
booklet it has just issued is
worth at least ten million
words, for it is a pictorial

Good Morning l

Fig. 1.

510

THE INLAND PRINTER

story of the work that is being done in that company’s plant
in El Paso, Texas. There are ten good illustrations of
scenes in the various departments of the establishment, not
a single one of which has that posed, “ look pleasant ”
appearance. The reader gets a good idea, from the pictures

Fig. 2.

alone, not only of the size of the plant and the amount of
business it is doing, but an insight that ought to be inter¬
esting to the average person outside of the printing business
as to the mechanical equipment of a printing-plant.

A printing-plant, like many other industries, may be
established in a community for years without the people
of that community, including the buyers of printing them¬
selves, having the remotest idea as to the character or size
of the industry. Buyers of printed-matter know that when
they want work done their copy goes to the plant, where it
passes through some machines of some kind, about which
they have the haziest notion, and it is transformed into a
sale bill, folder, letter-head, or something else necessary to
their business. Such a booklet as the McMath company has
issued ought to go a long way toward acquainting the peo¬
ple of El Paso and surrounding territory with the impor¬
tance of the printing industry in general and bringing
about a deeper interest and closer relationship between its
own patrons and its plant.

“ Candidly, now, did you know before that there was a
real, up-to-the-minute printing-plant right here in El Paso,”
asks the company in concluding the story of the plant’s
growth and present business. That indicates the reason the
McMath company had in circulating the booklet.

While effective use is made of pictures, the booklet con¬
tains much interesting description, both as to this particu¬
lar plant and the printing business in general. In connection
with its pressroom and stock, it gives its readers this
thought :

“ You have all seen a well-tailored, fine-fitting suit, the
whole effect of which was spoiled because of the inappro¬
priate cloth selected. Just so the effectiveness of a piece of
printing is impaired, if not entirely spoiled, by using inap¬
propriate paper and ink. An illustration, even the finest,
is absolutely dependent on the quality and tone of the paper
background and the ink selected for the work. We know
paper and ink, and the paper and ink market, as a machin¬
ery manufacturer knows steel and the steel market. We
have to, because paper and ink are our most important raw
materials, just as type is one of our biggest tools.”

Throughout there is an exposition of the printing in¬
dustry from the layman’s point of view, and the McMath
company deserves commendation for its efforts in giving
publicity not only to its own plant but to the industry as a
whole. The booklet itself is a creditable piece of printing,
with a discreet use of color and an attractive cover of better

Fig. 3.

than the average stock. “ The Business That Service Built ”
(Fig. 2) is the embossed title.

More Firms Using House-Organs.

Practically every month sees some printer join the ranks
of the users of house-organs. It is the natural thing, and
the future will see the number employing this method of

THE INLAND PRINTER

511

gaining new business and keeping in
touch with old customers increase;
for the printers, producing such pub¬
lications for those in other lines of
business, have had an excellent chance
to judge of their effectiveness. Not
only the increased number, but the
statements of editors made from time
to time, attest the real success which
these publicity mediums issued regu¬
larly have attained for the producers.
Those house-organs reaching The In¬
land Printer are, as a whole, a credit
to the printing business. A majority
of them show the seriousness of pur¬
pose necessary for such publications,
and all, it would seem, show more orig¬
inality, both in typographical make-up
and contents, than those issued by
business concerns outside of printing.
This is natural, also, for what printer
can afford to distribute advertising for
himself that does not come up to a
high standard and could not be con¬
sidered as a model of the kind of ad¬
vertising service that he could furnish
a client?

The Imprint (Fig. 3) is among the
new printers’ house-organs. It is issued
by the Cootey Company, Minneapolis,
Minnesota, and the company calls it a
journal of information. The editor
says in the first issue :

“ Realizing that a mere catalogue
of our departments would be interest¬
ing principally to ourselves, we have
tried rather to make this a booklet of
helpful suggestions; to indicate in
various ways how the printing indus¬
try may be properly employed in the
upbuilding and expansion of your busi¬
ness; to introduce to you new proc¬
esses and methods you may be glad to
make use of in connection with your
advertising matter.”

The Cootey Company has grasped
at the start the educational value of a
house-organ and the field that such a
publication can occupy in a creative
way, that is, the dissemination of ideas
and suggestions that will result in a
wider and a more advantageous use of
printing. The booklet is distinctive,
well illustrated and most attractively
printed on stock of good quality. The
cover was designed by the head of the
company’s art department, Thomas
Cairns, and is lithographed in three
colors by the offset process. There is
a four-page insert in the center of the
booklet showing views of the various
departments in the plant, an example
of photolithographic work. The heavy
black type used for headings is not
altogether pleasing, but otherwise the
first issue of the house-organ is a
worthy one. We hope to see others.

OHIO

OCTOBER, 191 7

The War Has Boosted
His Travelling
Expenses

Fig. 4 at top. Fig. 5 at bottom.

While on the subject of house-
organs, it is worth noting that Ohio
Print, issued by the Ohio Printing &
Publishing Company, Massillon, Ohio,
a publication somewhat different from
the ordinary run of such publications,
last month rounded out its first year.
Ohio Print each month is filled with
advertising and printing hints of value
in tabloid form. There is considerable
irrelevant material besides, but the lat¬
ter may add interest to some. The
organ has proved to be worth while to
the company, for the editor says in the
November issue: “. . . likewise the
diversified subject-matter has been so
prepared as to interest every reader to
some degree. The many unsolicited
expressions of appreciation with which
we have been favored will incite us to
still more strenuous endeavors.”

While Ohio Print maintains a uni¬
form size, the company has hit upon
the happy idea of varying each num¬
ber as to color of stock and inks, cover
and other designs, and using original
illustrations. In this connection one
of the most attractive covers it has de¬
signed in the year was that for the
October number (Fig. 4), showing a
service flag in colors through a cut-out.
The flag bears a star representing an
employee, Harold G. Smith, who has
joined the army, and who will contrib¬
ute interesting articles to the house-
organ occasionally.

Selling by Mail.

Judging from the advertising and
publicity material issued last month by
the printers in every part of the United
States, the advance in the cost of dis¬
tributing direct-by-mail advertising
has caused no worry on the part of
any of them that there will be an ap¬
preciable falling off in the production
of this particular line of printing. In
fact, there is a general effort to main¬
tain not only the normal amount of it,
but to create more. Printed-matter
must be used as a sales force, they
point out, more than ever before, be¬
cause of war conditions. Many firms
are concentrating their arguments in
their circulars, booklets and house-
organs on the opportunity at hand at
the present time for making a greater
use of direct advertising, and probably
at no time has there been so much
attention directed to the efficacy of this
method of selling; by the printers as
now. Their emphasis on this phase of
printing forms a combined campaign
that will undoubtedly prove of great
value in keeping business going gen-
ei-ally, and it will have much effect in
overcoming the hesitancy of those who

512

THE INLAND PRINTER

are inclined to stop advertising or to cut down the amount
because of the small advance in the cost of production and
distribution.

The need of advertising, particularly the direct kind, and
the idea of using printed salesmen to offset the scarcity of
regular salesmen — these are the main points driven home
in the minds of prospective buyers. There will be new con¬
verts to the direct-advertising idea and more business will
come to the printers as
a natural result.

As to the advance in
the cost of distribution
of printed-matter. The
Davis Press, Incorpo¬
rated, Worcester, Mas¬
sachusetts, in a small
folder (Fig. 5), states it
this way:

“ If salesmen’s ex¬
penses were doubled it
would be more necessary
than ever to have the
best men available. The
traveling expenses of
your mail advertising
have been greatly ad¬
vanced by the War
Revenue Bill. Some
shorter-sighted firms
will cut down on their
publicity, but thought¬
ful men will see that
raising the quality of
their ‘printed salesmen’
will give additional ef¬
fectiveness and more
than offset the added
postage.”

The Davis Press fol¬
lows up its argument by
sending along with the
circular some especially
well -printed specimens
of printed salesmen that
it has just issued for
firms in its territory.

A few of the other publications that are devoting much

space to this campaign are: Dash “ - ,” issued by the

Quinlan-Fricke Printing Company, St. Louis, which urges
business concerns to send out “ paper salesmen ” every
month ; Ideas, issued by Buckley, Dement & Co., Chi¬
cago, which takes up in detail the merchandising and sell¬
ing problem in relation to mail advertising; Northern, the
house-organ of the Northern Engraving Company, Canton,
Ohio, giving new ideas as to the use of direct advertising;
The Advocate Junior, from the Advocate Printing Com¬
pany, Newark, Ohio, with reasons for use of mail advertis¬
ing; and Graphica, by The Herald Press, Montreal, Quebec.

Humor and Publicity.

Humor can always be depended on to appeal in adver¬
tising or any other sort of printed-matter, I suppose, but I
am of the opinion that much that is put forth under the
guise of humor in some of the publicity material issued by
printers — fortunately, by only a few of them — miss the
target by a wide margin. You find it most frequently in

the house-organs of some firms where it is employed to
brighten the contents and throw a lighter vein into the more
serious discussions of business details. There it serves a
purpose, providing it is the kind that amuses, and one can
find no objection to its flow, except where it flows too freely
and overshadows the real purpose of the publication. But
it sometimes occurs in other forms, and a little circular
issued by Victor A. Chaney, printer, of Canton, New York,

affords a good example.

Mr. Chaney’s piece
of publicity consists of
the line on the front
page of the folder:
“ Why I Lost a Cus¬
tomer.” Opening the
folder you find in heavy
black type in mourning
border the answer to the
old saw: “He Died.”
That’s all, except that
in his shop over Bullis’
store you learn that if
you want tags, sale bills,
envelopes, or anything
else in the way of print¬
ing, you can get it in
“ the best style, and in
an artistic and up-to-
date manner, at the low¬
est prices.”

May the time never
come when humor can
not find its rightful
place in all forms of
writing, including ad¬
vertising and publicity,
but may it always be
real humor ! The effort
of Mr. Chaney is not
only aimless, but savors
of cheapness, both in its
contents and quality of
production. It has not
even the saving grace
of being in the novelty
class. There are some
forms of advertising publicity which printers can well
afford to avoid, and this is one of them.

“Soak It!”

Glance at the accompanying illustration (Fig. 6) of the
folder being distributed by the Bookwalter-Ball Printing
Company, Indianapolis, and you can readily see why most
people will turn to the succeeding pages to find out what it’s
all about. The title and the striking way in which it is dis¬
played get the attention, and when you open the folder
you find the “soak it” advice, in part as follows:

“ You- — -the American business man — are like a smith
whose iron is hot. The season, market conditions, every¬
thing, have combined to present unparalleled business oppor¬
tunity. ... If you wait — well, you know what you’d
think of a blacksmith who let his iron get cool before he
struck. Act now. ... A folder, booklet, circular, cata¬
logue — the right kind of printed-matter — is an ideal tool.
. . . Opportunity is here — waiting. Take advantage of
it! ‘Soak it!”’

Fig. 6.

THE INLAND PRINTER

513

The assistance of pressmen is desired in the solution of the problems of the pressroom in an endeavor to reduce the various

processes to an exact science.

A Country Publisher’s Trouble.

A Pennsylvania publisher writes: “Enclosed find the
first page of our publication. We are submitting this
sample to you in the hope that you can tell us what is
the matter with the presswork. In the opinion of the
writer, the impression is not as sharp and clear as it
should be, and the appearance is somewhat mottled. By
using a heavy, quick-drying ink, this condition is partially
overcome, but we think that should not be necessary to
get the desired results. We have the cylinder down on
the bearers, the tympan about a manila sheet higher than
the cylinder bearers, and the bed bearers are type-high.
The packing used is a felt blanket, with two sheets of
heavy manila paper on top of the blanket, and a muslin

draw-sheet. The press is a country - , about twenty

years old, but in good condition, with none of the parts
badly worn. The press has two form-rollers. We have
tried setting the rollers on the form both light and heavy,
without improving the appearance of the impression. If
you can suggest a remedy we will greatly appreciate it.
Assuring you of our appreciation of the work you are
doing.”

Ansiver. — We consider the sheet, fairly well printed,
but would suggest that you add one sheet of print-paper
and one sheet more of the manila, well oiled. Stir into
your fountain about one ounce of bronze-blue ink. This
will intensify the color of the ink and will permit the use
of a lesser quantity without reducing the blackness thereof.

Half-Tone Work Needs Overlaying.

(1899) A California pressman submits several sam¬
ples of half-tone work. The following letter accompanied
the specimens : “ I am enclosing herewith a sample of

printing. I have been studying everything that I could
get hold of. I bought two of your books, one is ‘ Modern
Presswork.’ I read that through two or three times.
My work does not seem to improve, so I thought I would
send you a sample. Perhaps, with your wide experience,
you can quickly tell where I am making mistakes. I use
good ink, good rollers and a firm, hard packing. If you can
be of any assistance to me, I would highly appreciate your
kind favors.”

Answer. — The printing appears to lack finish in make-
ready. Probably no overlays were used. If you have
been printing the half-tones flat, that is, without any
material make-ready, you can effect an improvement by
using any of the various mechanical overlays now on the
market. If you have the desire to improve your half¬
tone work, you should employ one of the overlay proc¬
esses which are on the market. We suggest the following
method of arranging the tympan on your platen: (1) Top
sheet of hard, smooth manila. (2) Sheet of thin press-
board. (3) About five or six sheets of thin print-paper.

4-6

The plates appear to be good specimens of the engraver’s
work. In default of an overlay process, you may improve
the work somewhat by double-rolling the form, using a
trifle less color, and by washing out the plates frequently.

Electricity in Stock Due to Heat.

(1901) W. E. B., from the southern part of Califor¬
nia, writes as follows : “ Owing to the excessive heat here,

the thermometer reaching from 100 to 116 degrees, we are
having more than our share of trouble with paper; that
is, electricity in the paper, especially with the ‘ news stock ’
fed through the cylinder. The electricity is so pronounced
that it is impossible to feed the first fifty or one hundred
sheets after the first run has been made on reverse side,
the sheets adhering to each other as if glued. Electric
sparks actually emit from the paper as it comes in con¬
tact with the guide-pins. This would sound ‘ fishy ’ to
me had I not seen the electric sparks myself. I have oiled
the tympan thoroughly; piled or stacked my stock; wet
down; and have done everything I know of to relieve the
trouble, with but little success. Any information you may
give me regarding this matter will be duly appreciated.
I take great pleasure in reading each issue of The Inland
Printer and find it a great boon to the printer, but find
nothing in recent numbers relative to the trouble men¬
tioned above.”

Answer. — Perhaps the remedy suggested below by
another correspondent will help. C. J. Doherty, publisher
of the Journal, Dunn Center, North Dakota, writes as
follows: “ Some time ago I subscribed for The Inland
Printer and with it took advantage of one of your book
bargains, ‘ Modern Presswork.’ I purchased it mainly
to learn how to do away with electricity in paper. The
method described in the book gave me no relief. How¬
ever, I think I have solved the matter as it pertains to
the country shop, and, inasmuch as I have lost my soul
several times while trying to get electrified paper through
the cylinder, I thought it would be advisable to pass the
hint along in an endeavor to save the souls of others.
Three weeks ago I had such a fearful amount of elec¬
tricity in the paper that it was practically impossible to
feed it, and I nearly broke the throw-off stopping the
press with suddenness and general cussedness. At that
time I swore that I would take the papers out next week
after the first run and throw them in a snowdrift. But,
unfortunately for me, the snow was all gone the follow¬
ing week. So, in place of laying the papers in the snow
after the first run, I laid them on the stone, which was
cool. I left them there until I had the other side made up
and ready to run and then I threw them on the cylinder
and the electricity had disappeared. I tried the same
stunt again this week, but did not leave them there as
long — however, they fed through, although you could

514

THE INLAND PRINTER

notice the electricity. It seems that the stone draws out
the electricity if the papers are left on it for about fif¬
teen or twenty minutes, and less time will make it easy
to feed compared with what you get otherwise. Your
book on modern printing suggests keeping everything
warm, but it seems to me that in a country shop, with a
good coal-stove going, things get too warm and this
causes the electricity. My imposing-stone is an ordinary
one, purchased about three years ago, so I think that it
does not contain any special qualities and that other stones
will have the same effect in drawing out the electricity.
I have never tried this, but it seems to me that in case the
stone was close to the stove — and thus warm — that, if
it were sprinkled freely with cold water before placing the
papers thereon, it might also help. Bear in mind, though,
I have never tried the latter plan and will not guarantee
results as with the other method. The Journal is a small
North Dakota weekly with a circulation of about six hun¬
dred. We do not have steam heat, but use good coal and
have a good stove. Steam jets and gas jets are impossible
with us, and with hundreds of our fellow workers.”

Printing of Pennants.

(1900) A St. Louis printer asks how pennants are
produced. The following plan will help him: Have a
suitable block made, preferably of wood, deeply cut and
with no fine lines, or letters, to fill up. Lock up in platen
or cylinder chase. Use special felt-ink (black or color),
which is made by several ink-dealers, and use as many
rollers as possible, carrying as much ink as can be safely
distributed. The make-ready will usually be a few pieces
of muslin, covered by a sheet of oiled manila. As the ink
does not dry rapidly, the printed felt may be laid out
loosely, or hung up over twine stretched about the room.

Another method employed to produce pennants is to
have a suitable stencil, made out of regular stencil-paper,
which can be procured from a wholesale dealer in paint¬
ers’ sundries. The stencil is cut, and the insides of let¬
ters like “ 0,” “ P,” “ Q,” “ R,” etc., are secured to the
main body of the stencil by the use of webbing. The
stencil and the webbing are glued, and they are pressed
together with the inside parts of the letters held in proper
position. The stencil is attached to a smooth table with
a cloth hinge, so it can be raised or lowered as desired.
The felt to be stenciled is placed up to guides, or to pencil-
marks, and the stencil is dropped over it. The operator
takes a brush with stubby bristles and daubs a paint-like
mixture on the felt through the interstices of the stencil.
When this is done the stencil is raised and thrown back,
the under side being wiped off by an assistant. The felt
piece is removed and placed in an adjoining paper box
to be covered with flock through a sifter. The flock, being
sifted over the freshly stenciled felt, will then assume
a relief aspect as it clings to the paint. The felt is
laid out on a smooth board (or table) and a hard rub¬
ber, or a wooden, roller is rolled over it to affix the flock

to the paint. The felt so treated is laid out or hung up
for about twenty-four hours and is then shaken and
brushed off to remove the surplus flock. The following
are additional details regarding the stencil method: (1)
Some place a frame around the stencil to give stability

and make the work easier. (2) The paint may be made

from dry colors, heavy varnish and drier. Always use a
color of paint that will match your flock and use it as thin
as consistent with securing the flock to the felt. (3) The
flock may be secured from wholesale paint dealers. Your
ink-dealer may carry some of the colors you can use. If
you desire, you can mix a heavy varnish with powdered

magnesia and suitable dry color, or printing-ink, to match
the flock. (4) A paper or wooden box, 2 feet square by
1 foot 6 inches (or less) deep, may be used to hold the
flock to be sifted over the freshly painted felt. The sifter
may be made of a cigar-box, with the bottom removed
and covered with fly-screen wire. A short handle is added
for convenience in handling. As the flock costs about
75 cents a pound, and as it can be used to the last par¬
ticle, a box is used to prevent undue waste. (5) Some use
a clothes-wringer to pass the felt through instead of the
hand roller. (6) The brushing off of the felt should not
take place until the paint is dry, or some of the flock will
be detached from the design. (7) The webbing may be
finer or coarser, as desired. The aim is to avoid fabric
marks appearing, as the paint may not always run
together so as to form an unbroken design.

Web Breaking on Rotary Press.

The Duplex Printing Press Company, in a circular,
gives the following causes for the breaking of the web:
A high spot or high edge in a plate, or a high or low
plate. Cylinders out of alignment will cause the web to
break from the drag at one end of the cylinder. The
unequal setting of the friction rolls or too much tension
will cause the web to break. The following advice is given
regarding damaged rolls: Rolls of paper are often re¬
ceived in bad condition. They may be spongy at one or
both ends, or tight at one end and loose at the other end.
If the web can be made to unwind easily it can usually
be carried through the press. If the web sticks at the
ends, the end surface may be scraped with a knife or
coarse sandpaper; or the roll may be beaten near the end
with some flat instrument. This beating is often effective
when there are high and low spots in the circumference
of the roll, due to careless handling in transit.

The idler over which the web runs when first leaving
the roll helps to take up the slack when the web is full
at one end of the roll.

Slight moistening of the end of a damaged roll with
steam or warm water will help it to unwind more readily,
and also helps to dispel electricity.

THE LINOTYPE MACHINE.

I am the means by which the world is kept informed.

I breathe into solid matter the news of today, the stories from yon
Europe's battlefield, the songs of victory and sacrifice.

I form the backbone of the printing industry ; out of my mouth I
speak that which is read by millions.

I am the Government’s best friend today ; with my thousand intricate
parts I am almost human and I do marvels.

I hunt the slacker ; I point an accusing finger at the traitor, and fore¬
most in every patriotic move I am the headrunner.

I call soldiers to the colors ; I back the Liberty Loan ; I aid the Red
Cross. I do what the country bids me to do, and while I am subject to
abuse also, I eventually smoke out and punish the plotters behind me.

I believe in what is right. I was the means that declared war, and I
shall be the means whereon peace terms will be written.

Few people know me. My deeds are done under cover and my home is
in a modest corner of a printing-plant ; nevertheless, I am doing the
biggest bit for your country.

For I am the linotype machine.

— - Art G. Leisman, Operator, Merrill Daily Herald.

MA ENTERS THE GAME.

“ What do you want, ma? ”

“ You must go to the grocery store at once and get a
pound of butter.”

“ But, ma, we’re playin’ war, an’ I’m leadin’ our army
against the enemy.”

“ Never mind. Play the commissary department has
been shot to pieces and go after that butter.” — Birming¬
ham Age-Herald.

THE INLAND PRINTER

515

I. L. STOME-PIOH1ER PRESS-BUILDER.

BY CHARLES STEPHEN.

N times like the present, when over half the
world is torn by the strife of war, practi¬
cally our whole attention is concentrated
upon that one subject — it must be, and it
is well that it is, for the principles at stake
are great. Democracy must flourish if the
peoples of the earth are to continue their
advancement. We can well pause occa¬
sionally, however, to reflect upon some of the things that
have played an important part in the forward movement

I. L. Stone,

Chairman of the Board, of the Duplex Printing
Press Company.

of democracy and, with it, the advancement of civilization
to its present stage, and it goes without saying that no
other single factor has been of greater importance than
the printing-press. History records the fact that where
and when printing has been allowed to flourish, people
have most rapidly become more intelligent and civilization
has made rapid strides forward; when printing has been
suppressed, humanity has suffered thereby. All honor,
then, to the printing-press, and especially to those pioneers
who have given of their brain and energy to create it and
bring it to its present stage of perfection.

Among those who have been responsible in late years
for the development of the newspaper printing-press, prob¬
ably none stand out more prominently than the subject of
this little sketch — I. L. Stone, founder of the Duplex
Printing Press Company, of Battle Creek, Michigan — and
those he has gathered about him as his associates, for credit
is due Mr. Stone for the introduction and development of
the flat-bed newspaper web perfecting presses.

To the present writer, it is always interesting to learn
just what has led to the success of any man who has
gained a prominent place in the world’s history. This is

not always an easy task, for men of that type are gen¬
erally reticent about telling of themselves and their achieve¬
ments. The sum and substance, however, can be stated in
very few words — constant application to purpose ; and
herein is set forth the real secret of the success of Mr.
Stone.

Born in Vermont in 1841, and moving to Illinois in
1852, locating in the central part of the State, Mr. Stone
spent his early days as a farmer boy, receiving the advan¬
tages of schooling that usually fell to the lot of boys on the
farm in those days. It is evident, however, that whatever
opportunities for schooling he received were grasped and
used to the fullest extent, for at the age of twenty-six years
he was appointed principal of the schools of Battle Creek,
Michigan, retaining that position for twelve years, until
1879. He then turned his attention to the manufacture of
school furniture, later including bank furniture. This
business was continued until 1893.

A few years after starting this work his attention was
attracted to the methods of newspaper-printing from type-
forms in use at the time, and in 1884 he founded the Duplex

Irving K. Stone,

President, Duplex Printing Press Company.

Printing Press Company for the manufacture of Duplex
flat-bed web perfecting presses, which have become known
practically the world over, and which have opened the way
to employment for many hundreds of men as pressmen and
helpers, as well as in other branches of newspaper work,
besides making their work easier and bringing about im¬
proved conditions for them. Considering this latter fact,
labor owes much to the untiring efforts of this pioneer in
the press-building field; and so also does the reading public
for the wider dissemination of news and other information.

Mr. Stone recognized superior possibilities in a flat-bed
press, printing newspapers on both the forward and return

516

THE INLAND PRINTER

strokes, from flat forms, and it was to the introduction of
that type of press that he devoted his attention. He real¬
ized the idea was revolutionary; in fact, the idea was so
contrary to the methods of printing newspapers in those
early days that experts in the field considered it imprac¬
ticable, if not impossible. Nevertheless, undaunted, Mr.
Stone, in the face of opposition and discouragements, con¬
tinued his efforts at great financial expenditure; and what
this press meant for the country-newspaper publisher can
be seen when it is stated that a complete newspaper, from
four to twelve pages, was printed, cut to size, folded and

delivered ready for the mailing-room and the newsboys in
one complete operation of the press — and this o'n a flat-bed
press ■ — whereas but one-half of a newspaper could be
printed at one operation of any flat-bed press then on the
market, and printed more slowly, and then it was necessary
to fold it by hand or on a separate folding-machine.

To the inventive genius of one of Mr. Stone’s associates
— Henry F. Bechman, for years superintendent of the
plant and now vice-president of the company — is due no
small part of the credit for the stage of perfection to which
the press has been brought up to the present time.

In addition to the Duplex flat-bed newspaper web per¬
fecting presses, the company is also manufacturing the
Duplex tubular-plate rotary press, the invention of Mr.
Bechman. To this press also, and its accompanying stereo¬
typing equipment, several years were devoted in experi¬
mental work before it was placed upon the market. One
of the most difficult problems that confronted the makers
was a method by which the stereotype plates could be pro¬
duced rapidly in tubular form. This problem was finally
solved, and the first press was installed and put in opera¬

tion in 1909, proving a success from the start. Further
developments have been made for the purpose of increasing
the efficiency of the press, among the most important being
the positioning of the units so that double-width (four-
plate-wide) rolls of paper can be used. The first press of
this type, named the Metropolitan tubular-plate press, was
put into operation in the plant of the Detroit Times in
1915.

The work of managing and financing a business of this
character, developing it from a small and obscure begin¬
ning until it now ranks among the largest concerns of the

kind in the world, is no small task; it requires unbounded
faith in the possibilities of the product, indomitable cour¬
age, a keen foresight — and that these characteristics are
comprised in the make-up of Mr. Stone is evidenced by
the success enjoyed by his company today. In bringing
about this development of his company, Mr. Stone has
made several trips around the world, and has sold presses
in nearly every country.

Although now at the ripe age of seventy-six years, Mr.
Stone still takes an active part in the affairs of the com¬
pany, being chairman of the board. For the past fourteen
years his son, Irving K. Stone, has also been associated
with him in the work of the company. Born in Battle
Creek, completing his education at and graduating from the
University of Michigan, Irving K. Stone entered the com¬
pany, learned the business thoroughly, was made secretary,
then passed to the position of assistant general manager,
and now holds the office of president. Inheriting the char¬
acteristics of his father, he is working and planning with
him, determined to make the work of the company a still
greater factor in the printing industry.

bmiS Oil

—

THE LARGEST BOOK IN THE* WORLD.

Made by the Government Printing Bureau, at Ottawa, Ontario, and erected in Connaught Place in connection with Ottawa’s
Victory Loan campaign. The book was 15 feet high, 8V2 feet in breadth, and 3 feet thick. The two gentlemen standing at the plat¬
form are the “ bookmakers," W. C. Allen, foreman bookbinder, at the left, and C. J. Baldwin, chief mechanic, at the right.

THE INLAND PRINTER

517

BY E. M. KEATING.

The experiences of composing-machine operators, machinists and users are solicited, with the object of the widest possible dissemination of

knowledge concerning the best methods of obtaining results.

Eccentric Needs Resetting.

An Illinois operator writes, briefly, to the effect that on
a Model 14, when changing from one magazine to another,
he finds it necessary to pull forward on the right-hand
locating-bar to release it so as to permit the crank to turn.
At times it seems to jerk just as the crank is turned. He
asks for a remedy.

Answer. — It is quite likely that he will find the nut
loose on the eccentric which fits in the slot in the locating-
bar lever. At any rate, the resetting of the eccentric, so
as to give the locating-bar a more complete releasing stroke,
will remedy the trouble. Tighten the nut on the eccentric
after making the change.

Mold-Keeper Out of Position.

An Illinois operator submits a slug with capital letters
which are slightly out of alignment on the right-hand side.
His letter reads: “ Enclosed is a slug made on our machine.
The last letters show up above the line, despite all methods
to adjust same, and this spoils alignment for double slugs.
The matrices used are new. What can we do to correct
adjustment? ”

Answer.- — From the appearance of the face of the slug
at the right-hand side, we judge that the mold-keeper is
down a trifle at that end. We would suggest that you send
a line of matrices in the auxiliary position and cast one
slug; then cast a slug from the same line in normal posi¬
tion, and examine the faces of both slugs. If the slug cast
from the matrices in the auxiliary position shows the face
to be correct, it is our opinion that the mold-keeper is not
up tight against the under side of the mold. Examine the
right-hand side of mold-keeper, and drive it up firmly into
place if it is not fully up to position.

Tight Lines Cause Damage to Matrix Lugs.

A letter from a linotype machinist in a religious-
publication house reads as follows: “ We are having some
trouble with our Model 14. When the mold advances to
cast the line, the ears of the matrices are sheared — some¬
times the lower part of the ear and at other times the
upper part, as you will see by the enclosed matrices.
Thinking that the first elevator did not descend low enough,
the screw was raised a trifle, but neither raising nor low¬
ering the screw seems to have any effect on it. At times
it will run all right. It acts as if something might be
loose, but so far nothing has been located. What, in your
opinion, is the probable cause and the remedy for this
trouble? ”

Answer. — The appearance of the matrix ears indicate
that the trouble was caused by sending in tight lines, or
else the assembler-slide block was set too wide, which per¬
mitted the entry of tight lines into the first-elevator jaws.

As a proof of the foregoing, we suggest that you count
the hyphens in the magazine that is used the most and
observe how many have perfect lower lugs. Where an
operator persists in sending away tight lines you will in¬
variably find the hyphens have defective lower lugs, and
a scarcity of characters in the channel is often an indication
of the care of the operator in regard to tight lines. We
can state that, originally, there was no necessity for alter¬
ing any screw in the head of the first elevator. Any
change made there was a wrong move. But since you have
altered the screw both up and down, you may reset it cor¬
rectly by the following plan: (1) Turn up on the back
set-screw about one complete revolution. (2) Send in a
line of matrices without spacebands, and when the second
justification lever rises the second time push back the
stopping and starting lever. Now examine the space be¬
tween the under side of the back screw in the first elevator
and the top of the vise cap. Here, and at this position of
the cams, there should be the space of one point. Alter
the screw to that effect and tighten the lock-nut. This
will complete the operation of readjusting the down stroke
of the first elevator.

How to Return Cams to Normal When the Mold-Disk
Is Bound with Metal.

A Missouri operator wants to know if there is any way
to return the cams to normal without backing the clutch
lever, when the mold-disk is locked with metal from a back
squirt. He states that on several occasions he found that
he could back the cams to normal where he failed to have
them go forward.

A?iswer. — The following procedure will permit the
cams to return to normal position when the disk is bound
with metal and a complete revolution is prevented: (1)
Push back stopping and starting lever. (2) Pull mold-
disk pinion forward and, while holding it in this position,
draw out stopping and starting lever; push lever back
again when first elevator reaches full height. (3) Lower
mold-slide lever handle, raise the ejector pawl and move
ejector lever back so as to bring the pawl behind the cam.
(4) Draw out on stopping and starting lever and the cams
will come to normal position, where it will be an easy mat¬
ter to remove metal from behind the mold-disk. To explain
the reasons for the various steps: As the metal binds the
disk, it also prevents the turning of the cams; hence, when
the mold-disk pinion is drawn forward off the flange pin
it will permit the cams to rotate, which you proceed to do
when the stopping and starting lever is drawn out. By
stopping the cams before the mold-disk advances, its for¬
ward movement is prevented by lowering the handle of the
mold-slide lever. The forward movement of the ejector-
blade is also prevented when the pawl is raised and drawn

518

THE INLAND PRINTER

behind the cam. So, finally, when the clutch is thrown
into action the cams complete their interrupted movement
to normal position without the disk changing from its
position. In trying this procedure be certain that no part
of the operation is omitted.

Ribless Slugs from Linotype Mold.

A Virginia linotype machinist submits a number of
thirty-em slugs cast from a linotype mold. These slugs
have border faces, rule faces, and some are blanks. All
show sharp printing characters and measure accurately.
The accompanying letter reads, in part: “ I have recently
perfected an appliance to be used in a standard linotype
mold for producing a ribless slug, and we are now casting-
all the borders, rules, etc., thirty ems long, smooth on
both sides. We find it a great convenience, as the product
works as well as brass material and has the advantage of
being sawed to any desired measure - — ■ and an unlimited
quantity always at hand. Do you think there would be a
market for it? I have been told that the idea is new.
Have you ever heard of any one using anything of this
kind? If it is an old idea, I am of the opinion that you
would be more likely to know of it than any one else in the
country.”

Answer. — Ribless slugs from linotype molds have been
used as far back as twenty years ago. Recently we exam¬
ined slugs produced from an ordinary universal mold in
which a piece of brass or steel rule was used as a facing
for the mold cap covering the rib grooves. The slugs
produced were ribless and measured fairly accurate. As
you know, the lead-and-rule caster molds produce ribless
slugs that measure very accurate. As you have not de¬
scribed your method, we are unable to state whether it is
wholly new.

Lady Operator Remedies Leaky Pot Mouthpiece.

An Iowa publisher writes as follows: “About the time
I wrote you about the leak in the metal-pot at the right
end of the mouthpiece I also tried a remedy suggested by
a linotype machinist. I have delayed telling you about the
results until I had something to report. I made three
attempts to get results with the liquid glass and powdered
asbestos, as was recommended. I then tried — or, rather,
between times I made two attempts — to get results with
the lye and salt put on with a rag. Being rushed myself,
I put it up to my lady operator to use the lye and salt
combination, which you recommended, by applying the
putty lip that I wrote you about. The results have been
fine. There is still a minute leak, but it is hardly notice¬
able and gives us no trouble. Pretty good for the lady.
Thanks for your suggestion.”

How Many Hours Should an Operator Work ?

A Wisconsin publisher writes: “You have been kind
enough on previous occasions to give us information and
suggestions. We take the liberty of again referring a
question to you. In your opinion, how many hours a day
will the average operator on a linotype give normal pro¬
duction? We have an operator who works ten hours a
day and is inclined to insist on longer days if we have the
work. It seems to the writer that the long days are detri¬
mental both to his health and quality of work produced.
If you have any definite information from results in other
shops we shall be glad to receive them.”

Answer. — We do not know whether any test has been
made to determine the amount and quality of work that
can be done by any individual on a linotype machine.
However, it has been considered a well-established fact

that any one who works hard, both physically and mentally,
for more than eight hours a day soon plays out and even¬
tually resorts to artificial means to brace himself. It has
been said of typesetters that, owing to long hours and hard
work, they had to drink whisky to keep up. Whether or
not this is true we do not know, but it is certain that in
this period of the almost universal eight-hour day in
printing-establishments there is much less drinking among
printers. It is our opinion that eight hours is the most
that a machine operator should work. Of course some
individuals are so constituted that they can stand more
work than the average without appearing to impair their
health. We feel certain, however, that it can not be con¬
tinued indefinitely. We would like to have the opinion of
operators on this question.

Removing Escapement on Model 4.

A central Illinois operator writes as follows : “ I am

having some trouble with several characters in the upper
magazine. When the key is depressed the matrix does not
move beyond the back pawl, although the keyrod moves
full distance. The same characters deliver from the lower
magazine on each touch of the key. Would like your
opinion regarding the cause of this trouble, and the remedy
if possible.”

Answer. — The cause is doubtless due to the verge-
springs being off the verges, and, as a consequence, there
is no releasing movement of the verges. To overcome the
difficulty you will have to remove the escapement and then
attach the springs in position. The following are the
steps: Lock magazine and keyboard. Remove the maga¬
zine. Lock the lower magazine and pull it back out of the
way. Lock the lower magazine escapement, then disconnect
the link, and lock the escapement for upper magazine. Dis¬
connect the keyrods from the verges and remove the screws
from the lower escapement. The escapement may then be
lifted off and the springs placed on the verges.

LIBERTY BELL

Make It Ring With The Second Liberty Loan

Specimen of Intricate Machine Composition.

Produced by Arthur G. Leisman, Operator for the Daily Herald, Merrill,
Wisconsin. Cut in lower portion of bell was a stock ornament.

THE INLAND PRINTER

519

BY F. HORACE TEALL.

Questions pertaining to proofreading are solicited and will be promptly answered in this department. Replies can not be made by mail.

An Unreasonable Style.

As an instance of illogicality in setting a typographic
style I know no better exemplar than the newspaper
reputed to be the best in the country, though not so well
entitled now to such reputation as it once was. I doubt
whether a newspaper is to be found that would not disclose
similar unreasonableness of this kind, but the instance I
now note is to me so impressive that it seems worth while
to offer it by way of hinting at the value of a little reason¬
ing in such matters.

This particular oddity consists in the typographic form
of signatures, as those to letters. On the paper in which it
occurs the style for signatures is caps and small caps, so
made simply because they are signatures. But any word
additional to the name is printed in lower-case, as in
“ Professor John Smith, Jr.” When a man signs a letter
thus, the simplest little bit of reasoning should prescribe
small caps for each word, if used for any, for they are all
parts of the signature.

Proofroom Problems.

No proofreader needs to be told that many details of
the work of proofreading are, and always must be, from
a general point of view, problematical. Almost every pos¬
sible question of form in language, whether in grammar,
spelling, capitalizing, or other matters, is decided differ¬
ently by different writers, and necessarily corresponding
differences must appear in the work as done by the vari¬
ous printers. Exhaustive statement of all disputed points
is impossible, because no person can ever truthfully say
that he has gathered all of them. Perhaps the most satis¬
factory method of dealing with the subject would be to
include all the items as constituting one problem — an ever¬
lastingly insoluble one, since it must in the last analysis
reveal itself as that of mind-reading. Proofreaders are
the one class of persons (if any such class exists) who
have to make the nearest possible approach to accurate
reading of other men’s minds. In the majority of instances
this nearest approach can be nothing more than a guess
— though often a good guess. Most proofreaders have to
change their place of employment, some of them, and some
really good ones, frequently; and many of these changes
come through failure in guessing correctly how to read
the minds of many other men. The great problem is how
to lessen this evil, which is most frequently encountered in
offices where a number of readers are employed.

Just one way to master this condition suggests itself
prominently, but it would certainly produce an intolerable
confusion in its result. It is the establishment of a uni¬
versal rule of following copy literally. This can not be
done, of course. But such following of copy is practically
the basis on which wages are determined, and any added
responsibility is somewhat unjust without added pay. But

while literal adherence to absolute reproduction of what¬
ever is found in copy can not become universal, it can and
should be the understood general rule with some added
clause, not too inclusive, prescribing correction of merely
accidental errors in copy. Responsibility for correctness,
even in literal details, primarily attaches to authors and
editors, and we shall have a condition of full justice only
when it is made imperative for them to furnish copy just
as carefully prepared as the printed work should be.

The general problem can never be solved universally.
Since this is so, some personal action seems necessary,
unless proofreaders prefer to follow the line of least resis¬
tance and allow present uncertainty to remain unchal¬
lenged. It is worth while to suggest that each reader keep
a convenient note-book and form the invariable habit of
writing therein every authoritative decision of doubtful
points when made, thus having on record the itemized
practice of the office. Much more would need to be
recorded in some offices than in others, but some record
would be convenient in any place where two or more read¬
ers are employed.

A Question About Capitals.

F. B., Missoula, Montana, writes: “In a paper that
has the * down ’ style, but capitalizes Republican, Democrat,
and Socialist, would you capitalize scout, referring to Boy
Scouts, as in saying, ‘ Word was passed from scout to
scout’? Could scout be considered in the same manner as
Mason, Elk, Eagle, inasmuch as they are all members of
societies that are nation-wide? ”

Answer. — This is one of the many bothersome little
points on which no one is entitled to give any dogmatic
answer, except one that clearly acknowledges that the
answer tells his own careful decision, without implying
that others may not correctly enough decide otherwise.
For it is positively certain that different persons will con¬
tinue to think differently on such matters as long as the
world lasts, and that one thought will be as good as another.
An instance is afforded in our correspondent’s first sen¬
tence. He probably had a clear conception of some sort
of style denoted by his phrase “ the ‘ down ’ style,” but I
have only the haziest glimpse of a meaning for it. To me,
without detailed contrary instruction, “ the ‘ down ’ style ”
would mean no capitalizing of such words as those men¬
tioned in the letter. If that is not meant, the only way I
know of securing what is actually wanted would be the
making of a list of all words that are to be capitalized
and giving a copy of it to each worker, other words to be
added to the list when necessary.

Now for my direct answer to the question asked. The
word should not be capitalized. Such is my dogmatic deci¬
sion, so far as my own practice is concerned. But many
other people think otherwise, and among them are some who

520

THE INLAND PRINTER

would just as positively choose the opposite practice. And
some of those who so decide are probably at least as well
fitted for decision as I am. We have no hard and fast
universally accepted rules for capitalization, and numerous
cases must be determined individually. My determination
of this case is that the word “ scout ” used alone is not
properly capitalized; but I would never criticize such
capitalizing except in such circumstance as the present.

That “ scout ” can be considered as ranking with the
other words mentioned is clearly confirmed by the fact that
it is often so considered, particularly in the special publi¬
cations made for Boy Scouts. That I do not so consider it
is not at all likely to influence their practice. They are
fully and freely entitled to do as they please. And then,
what of the people who print democrat, republican, etc.,
instead of Democrat, Republican, etc.? They are igno¬
rantly wrong, as I think, but who shall make them think so?

THE MISTAKES WE MAKE.

BY F. HORACE TEALL.

ET us never imagine that we make no mis¬
takes, for such pretense is about the worst
mistake we can make. I once knew a man
who was actually an excellent worker at
any kind of work with type, especially stone¬
work. He had such a reputation that even¬
tually he really believed that he could not
do anything seriously wrong, and acquired
the habit of boasting that he never made a mistake.

One night the firm for which both he and I were working
kept a dozen men, including both of us, all night to get a
new periodical made up and imposed for letterpress. It
was a colossal blunder, for less than half so many good men
would have done the work well within the time. The dozen
were practically all of them idle much of the time, because
their work interfered so much, necessitating that one should
wait for another to get through before he could step in. Well
along in the work, when the strings had been removed from
most of the pages in a form, some one discovered that the
place for a page he had made up was occupied by another
page, which had been untied. Being a large page of two
columns of small type and leaded with new leads, its removal
was not easy and consumed much time, besides keeping a
number of men waiting.

I don’t know any quicker way to tell about this clearly,
or I should not have said so much. The point comes now.
This really stupid blunder was the work of the one who had
the habit of boasting that he never made a mistake!

Such an occurrence may be classed with the “ bonehead ”
plays of great ball-players, of which no season fails to make
a disclosure, and which so often unjustly militate against
the player.

No man is justified in asserting that he never makes a
mistake. The man never lived, and never will live, who can
always do what is best, though some do come almost mirac¬
ulously near it. That the average proofreader is more or
less liable to this failing than any other class of men is not
at all probable. He is, however, peculiarly subject to dis¬
astrous results from failure to detect and correct error, and
frequently suffers when the real responsibility belongs else¬
where. More particularly the preceding remark applies in
cases where the actual blunderer is the author or editor;
for authors and editors do make errors, and, what is worse,
insist that they are right. An instance of this kind was the
insistence of a city editor that asphyxiate invariably meant
to kill, which cost an assistant his place because he said a

person could be asphyxiated and not killed. Such is the too
common result of ignorant obstinacy on the part of those
who have a little authority. Much too often are subordi¬
nates unjustly victimized through crass ignorance and wil¬
fulness of their positional superiors.

One of the most useful functions of the proofreader,
from the self-interest point of view, is the practice of ready
submission to authority in matters where the proofreader
knows absolutely that what he is told to do is wrong. By
this we do not mean abject compliance in all cases, for many
authors and editors are glad to have advice and courteous
suggestion from a proofreader. On the other hand, many
of them consider a query to be impertinent interference.
Plainly, the easiest method would be to leave everything
to the author or editor, who is the naturally responsible
person, and simply follow his copy. But this can not be
done always, as most copy is likely to contain errors that
are evidently accidental, and those which are plainly mere
accidents should always be corrected by the proofreader.

Nathan Haskell Dole compiled a book on “ The Mistakes
We Make,” published in 1898 by Thomas Y. Crowell & Co.
In the preface he said: “ Solomon says, ‘ Faithful are the
wounds of a friend.’ This manual tries to take the place of
a friend, good-natured and yet critical. The captious, carp¬
ing criticism that finds fault in a selfish, egotistical, Phari¬
saical, and condescending spirit does little good. Nor does
it advantage a man to have his faults pointed out in the
presence of others. This little book is the counselor for the
closet. We all make mistakes of every kind. The old pes¬
simistic philosophy says the greatest mistake is living. But
since we are here in this world it is our duty to improve
ourselves, and, when our faults are brought to our notice,
to amend them. There is not one man, woman, or child in
this wide country that does not occasionally perpetrate some
of the blunders in fact, grammar, style, here held up to
comment. Undoubtedly hundreds more might have been
added to advantage.”

Much of what Mr. Dole here says is impeccable. But the
most impressive truth contained in his remarks is that he
personally is included among the mistake-makers. I have no
intention of criticizing his book, which is really a good one
of its kind, but one mistake he makes is so naturally human,
withal so fraught with danger, that it is well worth while
to note it. It is just such a mistake as Richard Grant White
made when he said there never was such a verb as “ loan,”
although the word was so used centuries ago and such use
has persisted steadily. Mr. White would have been abso¬
lutely correct if he had said that “ lend ” is better than
“ loan,” but the remark he did make is not true.

Mr. Dole makes many unqualified assertions which may
not be accepted as positive fact, and in regard to which he
should have admitted some uncertainty. Neither he nor
any one else should assume positive knowledge contrary to
long-established historical facts, as he does in some cases,
even if only for the reason that such assumption is sure to
be violently opposed by others who may know fully as much
as he does. Many things that are called mistakes by some
people are upheld as positively correct by others at least
equally well qualified to judge.

Proofreaders are probably more often than anybody
else, certainly as often as anybody, confronted with the
problem of mistakes on which they must make some kind of
decision. I should be delighted if I could offer any specific
general advice on the matter, but I simply can not. Cir¬
cumstances vary about as much as individual mistakes do,
and must be dealt with individually.

Let us all beware of the supreme mistake of imagining
that we can not make a mistake.

“MONARCH OF ALL I SURVEY.”

Printed by The Henry 0. Shepard Company, Chicago, from three-color process plates made by
the Hicks-Chatten Engraving Company, Portland, Oregon. Ault & Wiborg process inks used.

THE INLAND PRINTER

521

BY J. C. MORRISON.

Business Literature Wanted.

This department is very anxious to receive copies of
business forms used in various newspaper offices. There
is much more to the successful conduct of a newspaper than
a cost system, and nearly every successful publisher has
some plan that, if more widely used, would be of benefit to
the craft. For that reason we ask our friends to gather
up samples from their own offices and send them to us;
samples, for instance, of circular letters sent out to
get subscriptions, collection letters, advertising literature,
advertising contracts, rate-cards, commercial surveys, office
forms, house-organs — in fact, any blank or piece of busi¬
ness literature which you have used. Sometimes a prom¬
ising circular fails to produce satisfactory results, but
send these along, too. They will all be sorted over, and no
doubt many valuable suggestions found which can be passed
along to the craft.

How One Paper Met Increased Costs.

Last spring, Jason Rogers, of the New York Globe,
sent out to the newspapers of the country a pamphlet
entitled “ Newspaper Efficiency, Showing How One News¬
paper Met the Heavy Increased Cost of Print-Paper
Through Definite Knowledge of Costs.” The pamphlet
would have been reviewed in this department long before
this, but for the press of other matters. In my opinion,
it is one of the most valuable contributions ever made on
the perplexing subject of newspaper costs, and it is so
simple and direct in method and treatment that it may be
studied with profit by either the editor of a small country
paper or the publisher of a metropolitan daily. Since the
pamphlet contains sixty-two pages and many plates of
tables and forms, it is impossible to present even an abbre¬
viation within the space available, but I do wish to discuss
a few of the points made by Mr. Rogers, in the hope that
greater interest in this important subject may be aroused.
The print-paper situation is now somewhat relieved, but
increased costs from various sources necessitate constant
watchfulness.

In an introductory way, Mr. Rogers speaks of publish¬
ers, confronted with increased costs, being more inclined
to fight than to deal with the situation by rational treat¬
ment, and he deplores the fact that advertising rates are
established largely by competitive conditions and represent
what we think we can get, rather than what we should
insist on as a necessity of continuing solvent. Cost knowl¬
edge is therefore imperative, and Mr. Rogers uses the well-
recognized “ quantity method ” and figures that the cost
of a line of advertising is gross operating expense (includ¬
ing fair depreciation), less circulation receipts, divided by

the number of lines of paid advertising printed. This is
practically the same method as that which I have so often
advocated in this department — that is, subtracting the
receipts from legals, locals and subscriptions from the
gross cost (with profit added) and dividing by the number
of inches. Mr. Rogers adds a manufacturer’s profit of 10
per cent, but for a small paper a profit of 20 or 25 per cent
should be added. This is the simplest and best method for
a straightaway newspaper enterprise, and when it comes
to a country weekly, doing both a newspaper and a job
business, Mr. Rogers is not confused, but apportions the
overhead — rent, depreciation, etc. — according to the gross
amount of business of each department. Perhaps a better
apportionment would be according to the wages paid in each
department, or in part according to the wages and in part'
according to the investment (it being understood that
neither Mr. Rogers’s method nor the suggested ones are
scientifically exact) , but even according to Mr. Rogers’s
method it will be found that a fairly accurate adjustment
can be made. “All that any complicated accounting system
can give you,” says Mr. Rogers, “ is further detail regard¬
ing expenses, receipts or costs. All that a small business
needs is a fundamental system which will be faithfully
carried on month by month and year by year.”

Mr. Rogers then shows how he kept data in a “ little
black book,” and how this data, kept through a period of
years, immediately notified him of increases in costs in
any department, and how he could by simple calculation
determine just what change in rates was necessary to put
the balance on the right side. The impressive thing to me
about the showing he makes is how rates can be kept
adjusted to changing conditions, rather than letting things
slide along until wholesale advances must be made. He
divides new expense by the average number of lines car¬
ried and knows immediately how much rates should be
increased.

The discussion of the “ Proportion of Reading and
Advertising Matter ” is also especially good, and, as I have
before pointed out, this matter is so closely connected with
the advertising rate that the two can not be considered
sejiarately. Mr. Rogers says: “After carefully check¬
ing up the best newspaper experience in the case of suc¬
cessful properties, I figured out that the sane solution of
the problem was to hit upon a fixed standard of reading-
matter and then let the advertising make the paper as
large as it would.” In the schedule which he gives, for
instance, Mr. Rogers lets the reading-matter vary only
between fifty-two and fifty-six columns, even though the
size of the paper increases from ten to twenty-four pages.
His theory is to figure the cost of adding extra pages and

522

THE INLAND PRINTER

to cover such extra cost by adding two to four columns of
additional advertising before going up. This makes a large
paper carry page after page of solid advertising, but that
is the rule which is being followed by successful papers.
The older theory of increasing the reading-matter as the
advertising load increases is rapidly going into the discard.
There is constant danger that increased business will carry
with it such a burden of increased expense that the gain is
blanketed, and this is even more true for a country weekly
than for a metropolitan daily.

Finally, this careful, constant study of costs is more
important than its financial phase, because the newspaper,
run as a business, has the greatest possibilities of useful¬
ness to its community.

Sell Service, Not Space.

Now, while I strongly advocate the study of costs to
determine what space is worth, I like to couple with it the
thought of what it is worth to the purchaser. In this

Interesting panel appearing on the first page of the Craig (Mo.) Leader
designed to encourage the sending in of news items to the paper.

connection I quote a few paragraphs from a most excellent
contribution by Herbert E. Miles, of the Atchison County
Journal, Rockport, Missouri, setting forth the service which
the publisher should perform.

“To successfully cope with this problem of the non¬
advertising country merchant,” he says, “ we have simply
got to become advertising experts. We will have to sell
the merchant something besides space - — we will have to
sell him service — advertising service that will make his
advertisements sell goods. No man is such a fool as to
refuse to advertise when he knows it pays, but just telling
him so don’t prove it to him — you have got to show him
the hard cash profit- — and why shouldn’t you? You don’t
want to subsist on his charity, do you? Then you’ve sim¬
ply got to write his advertisements for him and write
advertisements that will make people “ hitch up ” and come
to his store and go down in their pockets and get the hard
cash for him. I don’t care what you charge for this kind
of service- — he’ll pay it. You ask him if he won’t.

“ Get away from the inch rate — • from selling ‘ space.’
Sell him efficient, money-getting advertisements. Apply
the law of averages and percentage. If you want to sell
$100 worth of shoes for your advertiser, give him $3 or $4
or $5 worth of advertising service — don’t just sell him a
‘ quarter-page ’ advertisement. He won’t stop to measure
the advertisement if he sells the shoes.

“ A merchant seldom tells me how much space to use for
his advertising. And I don’t suppose there are many of
them here who know my inch rate. They tell me what
they want to sell, and as much about it as I want to know,
and tell me to run an advertisement that will sell the goods.
I believe I am doing it^at any rate I am handling all the
advertising I can in the size of paper I am able to print
with my equipment, and I am satisfied that it is about all
there is here to get. I also have a good competitor who
cooperates with me, and he gets just as much as I do.”

REVIEW OF NEWSPAPERS AND ADVERTISEMENTS.

BY J. L. FRAZIER.

O. Eugene Booth, Cherokee, Iowa. — The advertisements are very
good indeed. Clean set and readable — with Cheltenham Wide for display
— they disprove the contentions of many that bold-face types are essen¬
tial to advertising effectiveness.

An especially commendable holiday edition has been received from
The Allen County Journal, Iola. Kansas. The most pleasing features of
the paper are easily the simple and readable advertisements, which are
effectively displayed and arranged. Cheltenham Bold is consistently used
for display, with the usual result — an improvement of the general
appearance of the paper.

From far-off Australia we have received a very interesting publication,
The Queenslander, published at Brisbane, Queensland. Typography of
advertisements is not what it ought to be, but some considei'ation should
be given these papers which must get their type from across the seas.
An especially interesting feature of each issue is an eight-page pictorial
insert, printed largely from half-tones on smooth stock. The presswork
on this section is very good indeed.

The Boyceville Press, Boyceville, Wisconsin. — You publish an interest¬
ing papei-, and, in a general way, it is well gotten up. Advertisements
are fairly well handled. Why did you place the group of items in the
advertisement for the Daigneau Mercantile Company (your August 3
issue) close to the border at the left? This group should have been in
the center or close to the border at the right, so that the white space
would appear at the beginning of the items and cause them to stand out.

St. Peter Herald, St. Peter, Minnesota. — The copy of your November
23 issue demonstrates to us that you are alive to the best ideas of make-up.
Not only are the prominent head-lines on the first page properly bal¬
anced, but the arrangement of advertisements on the inside pages follows
the pyramid form, which is in all ways best. Advertisements are effec¬
tively displayed and nicely arranged. We suggest that you avoid the use
of twelve-point rules for borders. Such heavy borders not only make the
advertisements unattractive in themselves, because of the great contrast
of tones, but because of the strength of the border, the type — the impor¬
tant thing — is subordinated. If you would standardize, say four-point
rules for borders, the appearance of the paper as a whole would be
improved. Presswork is quite satisfactory.

Pleasant County Leader, St. Marys, West Virginia. — You should
investigate the causes of your poor presswork. We can hardly determine
the trouble here, as it might easily be one of several things — perhaps all
of them combined. Advertisements are well designed and set, and satis¬
factorily displayed, but the use of so many styles of display type of
varying forms and tones, together with a variety of decorative borders,
takes away considerably from the appearance of the paper as a whole.
The most pleasing newspaper — and the one wherein advertisements, too,
will be most attractive and bring the greatest returns — is the one where
one style of display type is standardized, and wherein one style of border,
plain rule, is used throughout. Some of the borders are so prominent in
themselves, because of their highly decorative character, that they handi¬
cap the prominence and effectiveness of the type, and hence its efficiency
in advertising.

One of the best special editions we have seen during the past year
is the “ Financial and Industrial Edition ” of the Morning Republican,
Findlay, Ohio, which was issued on November 28. While, of course, the
editorial and advertising staffs must be praised for the excellent matter
they supplied in such abundance, we must also give due credit to the
composing-room for the excellent handling of the display advertising and
the make-up of the pages. Findlay’s public institutions and business
enterprises, as well as the men behind them, are interestingly covered,
and half-tone illustrations in splendid array add interest and value to
every feature of the publication. Apart from its present value from the
standpoint of advertising, the edition will prove a valuable souvenir to
the citizens of that city — something they can look through in after years
with considerable satisfaction and joy. An interesting feature is the
group picture of the publisher and members of the editorial and business
staffs. In this group each portrait is surrounded by a round border rep¬
resenting a gear or cog wheel, and the various gears fitting into each other

THE INLAND PRINTER

523

give the idea of an organization all the parts of which are working in
unison. It is a clever idea, and one which we have never seen before,
but, happily, one that can be adapted to a variety of uses.

The Jeannete News, Jeannette, Pennsylvania. — We admire the careful
make-up of the first page of the copy sent us. The balancing of illus¬
trations and head-lines thereon produces an especially neat and orderly

DgcreviUc Commercial.

Well-balanced, orderly make-up of first page of an excellent Iowa
paper, the Dyersville Commercial.

appearance which is worth considerable to any paper. Most of the adver¬
tisements are well designed, but the great variety of display types and
decorative borders used, between many of which there are no features in
common, results in a rather complex and inharmonious appearance. This
makes it impossible for any of them to accomplish the greatest possible
results. The tendency to use larger display lines than are desirable, or
necessary, should be overcome, and a tendency developed to utilize the
advantages of liberal white space instead. When advertisements are
crowded — and they are generally made so by overlarge types and insuffi¬
cient white space — reading is made difficult, one advertisement conflicts
with another and it is generally impossible to read them with that con¬
centration which is so essential to complete comprehension and satis¬
faction. Almost every advertisement in your paper has a different style
of border, and this fault detracts considerably from the appearance of
the paper as a whole. Presswork could be improved in one way by
seeing that all cuts are exactly type-high before they are put on the press ;
if not made so then, they should be before make-ready. Whether the
pages are made ready or not, however, the cuts should at least be built up
or planed down to proper height.

The Macon Republican, Macon, Missouri. — We admire your clean and
interesting first page. The top-headings are just the thing for a small¬
town paper. We would like to see larger headings on some of the stories
appearing in the lower part of the page, but these, of course, should be
secondary to those at the tops of columns. There ai’e pale spots on sev¬
eral of the pages which suggest that the tympan was worn at those
places. We also urge a little more impression and ink. Do you change
your tympan each week? You realize, of course, if a cut that is a little
high is run it will wear down the packing on the cylinder so that what¬
ever strikes there the following week is bound to appear light, because
of lack of impression. Advertisements are nicely arranged and dis¬
played. Too many styles of display type and borders can not be made
up into a paper of pleasing appearance. We suggest, particularly, that
you discard the heavy, wave-line border you use so frequently. By reason
of the great strength of this border, and its peculiar character, it is too
prominent, subordinating the type enclosed therein. Uniformity of dis¬
play type and borders is one of the most certain means of obtaining a
pleasing paper. Some argue that variety in type-styles is essential to

give each advertiser distinction, but that is a fallacy. The ai’gument is
based on the fact that it is the thing that is different that attracts atten¬
tion, but when everything is different there is, in effect, no contrast. If
all advertisements in a paper, save one, were set in a uniform style of
light-face, or medium, display type and that one in bold type, it would,
of course, stand out most prominently. But when all are different, none
stand out. A parallel to this argument is found in dress. If, of a crowd
of women, all save one are dressed in black, and that one in white, the
latter will be very conspicuous, but if all are dressed differently — in
slight variations of colors, of slight gradations of lightness and darkness
also — none will be particularly conspicuous.

The News Messenger, Marshall, Minnesota. — The two pages from your
paper are excellent in every way. We admire the orderly, balanced
make-up. Advertisements are nicely set and well displayed. The letter¬
head used by your company is very pleasing, the colors of ink and stock
blending into a harmonious and artistic effect. We do not admire the
combination of type-faces used, as they are not harmonious in structure or
shape, but the handling is so good this fault is scarcely objectionable.

The Plains Journal, Plains, Kansas. — Most of the advertisements sent
us are nicely arranged and effectively displayed. We feel that you are
making the most of your limited type-equipment. One fault is the use of
too large sizes of type, thus unnecessarily crowding the advertisements.

T HUN H I V I N (i

College Teams Bailie Today
for Gridiron

for Dismissal of Texas G
Pacific Injunction in Louisiana

£be IHlarshaU flRcssencjer

Model first page of the Thanksgiving Day edition of The Marshall
Messenger, Marshall, Texas. The page size was 11 by 16 inches, the
columns being only eight picas in width. The issue was admirably printed
on smooth book-stock. We presume that the paper was issued in this
miniature size for the one issue only.

To crowd an advertisement results in an effect of congestion which is not
pleasing, and which makes them difficult to read with the proper degree
of comprehension. In ordinary advertisements it is wise to bring out
the main lines strong so as to catch the eye of the reader and interest
him. Then, the next important thing is to set the explanatory matter,
the text of the advertisement, in type of a size that is easily read. Type
can be too large to be easily read, as well as too small. The result of
practicing restraint in type-sizes is to increase the proportion of white
space, and this not only serves to make the advertisements and the paper
as a whole more attractive, but causes the type to stand out more promi¬
nently because of the contrast afforded. When text of advertisements,
the matter that need not be prominent, is made too large, the display
lines — through lack of contrast — do not stand out as they should, even
though in large type. In the “ Saving Money ” advertisement for the
Plains State Bank, the small matter should have been set in narrower
measure, so that it would occupy more space in depth and less in width,
thus conforming more nearly to the shape of the advertisement and

524

THE INLAND PRINTER

permitting a more pleasing and uniform distribution of white space.
In future, gage the space your type will fill and set the measure at a
point where the type-block will approximate the shape of the advertise¬
ment. A case where type is too large is that alongside the cut of the
Victrola in the advertisement for the Parsons Merchandise Company.
Had this type been smaller, and a lighter face, the important line — the
line that would secure greatest attention, “ Grand Emperola to Be Given
Away” — would have stood out more prominently. “All display is no

MgStore NewsBI

The Women Real 'Kui

nrjs a* a buyer .T$c .nwnjianl »ho ronliwj" Hull
qualify hlmirii.fot ^fonorqical buying copies*-*

"“ric » <Jn-. Ikavp hwtfn

im\c,-nml'Kivr no iliaychc lo ihrir cu»(«riJcn>, will bo
Then: 1' room "yp iowg“’f<^hnly Mlclj nlffchants M
public" which '\uppori$ I hem will be accpnlcd iluc

» 11

to* ft

' . • "i . . JW trade Keep Uio

.llSirfe Aif.-y.ur \mh; atduiipe nnd prices can and

Some AYfrrtor Needs

An^ tirn tlft-rc Arc ruga yliovrl.'-

*■ ‘ ■ . •

Hou^h &• Davison

What You’ll Catch

BUSER

CONSTRUCT!

Ion COMPANY

I Buy- Y eal/CalyeJv

Kan\ey Manfield

I’m a Buick A&ent

I have a Light S

isLirhTpi^5* 5°U

Dexter Grady

Coffee and Tea

F= A. Middlekauff

Rocking Chair for Sale

neli 11 a larye unhand every article haa
■d lor the atoelc brcwiee experience through-

Miller’s Furniture Store

Earthenware Bargain

J„ P. Ilolsinger

Gifts Iu Jewelry

,nn* “"n‘ b'r,hd,’,

l*‘meneK & .«* iepidera. haye Ojeir eqt

(oeli ... and nrw the time m<K« your CVly *1
loot aml ijr.t (he b-yl cVi« of- the pep goods. .
i'rjr’rt TS'rhM. Itorp JMSO'tq $00.00

7 jeweled Waltham in silverojii rw -VI UQ

For Thanksgiving

Stone’s Cafe

Better Have it Done Nov

Dr. Hess Poultry

PAN-A-CE-A

Dean’s Drug Store

Grocery Prices Reduced

O. S. WATTS

Special page from the Mount Morris (Ill.) Index, which presents an
idea to other publishers. For suggestions of possible improvements in
handling, read review of that paper appearing on this page.

display,” and for this reason the dodger, “ Ye Olde Time Dance Tonight,”
has little value from a publicity or an artistic standpoint. We realize
that more lines must be made large in dodgers than in advertisements,
but, at the same time, there should be a nice variation in size between
the large lines and the small lines, so that the thing as a whole will not
speak in a monotone. Too many lines in capitals also handicap the effec¬
tiveness of this dodger. Presswork could be improved on your paper.
You do not seem to carry either enough ink or impression, and we believe,
too, your rollers are old.

Ashley News, Ashley, Indiana. — You can improve your paper in sev¬
eral ways. First, do not run the professional cards, or any display adver¬
tising, for that matter, on the first page. Inasmuch as these particular
advertisements are run from week to week without change, you could
arrange with the house that prints your patent pages to place them inside.
This would relieve the congestion on your home-printed pages and obviate
the necessity of placing display on the first page. Your news-headings
are too weak, and, as a consequence, the first page is uninteresting. We
suggest the use of twenty-four or thirty point condensed head-letter for
the top-headings, and eighteen-point of the same style for “ No. 2 ” head¬
ings, to be placed over shorter and less important items appearing in the
lower part of the page. Prominent boxed headings should he placed
either at the tops of columns or beneath advertisements, for in the posi¬
tion surrounded by reading-matter — known as “ island ” position — -
they are too prominent, and serve to cut up the page, making it rather
displeasing. You make up the inside pages without order, and we sug¬
gest the adoption of the pyramid make-up of advertisements as described
and illustrated in past issues of this journal, to which you are referred.
Fi'om the appearance of the advertisements, we infer that you have a
great variety of type-faces, but not much of any one. We count eleven
in the “ Steuben County Fair ” quarter-page, appearing in your Septem¬
ber 6 issue. This equipment not only makes it impossible to set pleasing

and effective advertisements, but, owing to the small fonts, makes it nec¬
essary to reset many lines and pick for numerous sorts, and causes loss
of time in other ways to an amount that would shortly pay for a com¬
plete series of some good display letter in large weight fonts. With five
fonts of twenty-four point of any display letter, the compositor will not
have to reset lines after he finds he is short an “ e ” or some other char¬
acter, for, being all the same style, results are the same as from a machine
having parts that are interchangeable. With five fonts, each a different
letter, being short a letter means the workman must throw in the line he
is setting and start all over again out of another case of another series.
The paper appears to be well edited, and whether the news is properly
covered depends of course on the size of the place and what is going on.
Presswork would be better if more impression were employed and if more
ink were used.

Mount Morris Index, Mount Morris, Illinois — We especially admire
the clean presswork by which your paper is characterized. We also con¬
sider make-up of inside pages satisfactory, but believe you will agree
with us when we state that the first page of your November 8 issue could
have been more attractively arranged by placing the cartoon at the bottom
of the page, thus allowing a more orderly and better balanced positioning
of the large head-lines. The special “ Store News ” page is reproduced
as a suggestion to other publishers by which they may be able to get new
business. We would prefer to see a border around each advertisement —
the borders to be uniform throughout the page, with some white space
between type and border in each instance. This would, of course, neces¬
sitate smaller type for the body-matter, but, with the added white space,
equal if not greater prominence would be obtained, and thereby a more
pleasing and readable advertisement would result.

Sikeston Standard, Sikeston, Missouri. — Your splendid issue of Novem¬
ber 30 is one of which you may feel very proud. Seldom have we seen a
country newspaper so good from every standpoint. We admire especially
the clean presswork, the handling of ink being commendable indeed. The
advertisements average well, though some are a little too elaborate owing
to the excessive use of rules and ornaments. Purely decorative ornaments
are out of place in a newspaper advertisement, and rules should be used
only for borders, cut-offs and panels — and then only to the extent that
the purpose is served. Take as examples the two advertisements at the
bottom of the first page of the first section : The borders here overshadow
the type, and, so doing, weaken the prominence of the type. A single
plain rule is preferable to the double rules with diamond-shaped linotype
border between as a cut-off inside an advertisement. We admit that a
fine rule inside a heavy rule often adds finish, and such use is not to be
criticized too adversely, but care should be exercised that the combination
does not cause the border to appear too prominent. Had three-point rule
been used instead of six-point, and one-point rule instead of the two-
point, in the borders of these two advertisements, the same effect would
have be£n obtained without the border being made too prominent. These
particular advertisements are also too much like job-printing. The atten¬
tion seems to have been given the frame and not the picture. On the
larger advertisements the combination of your diamond-shaped linotype
border, outside, and two-point rule, inside, makes a very good combina¬
tion, but we would suggest simply the two-point rules on the smaller
advertisements. You could standardize on this plan and the appearance
of the paper would be improved. Border made up of distinct units needs
a rule inside, not only to add finish, but to give an appearance of unity
and security. We note, too, that your compositors use larger type than
they should in many instances, and as a consequence some of the adver¬
tisements are crowded, therefore complex in appearance and difficult to
read. Smaller type, and more white space, would help such advertise¬
ments, an example of which is the display for the Sikeston Mercantile
Company. The advertisement for The Buckner, Ragsdale Company would
be improved if the matter had been set in narrower measure so that more
of the space from top to bottom would be taken up and less from side to
side, resulting in a more uniform and pleasing distribution of the white
space. Litho Roman is not an economical type-face for newspaper
advertising. The fine hair-lines wear quickly, and the great variation
of width of light and heavy lines is responsible for the fact that the letters
are difficult to read. A letter on the order of Cheltenham Bold, in which
there is not so great a variation in width of elements, makes a more
effective, readable and practical advertising letter. For best appearances,
also, condensed and extended display types should not be used in the
same advertisement. The lack of harmony of shape between them can not
result in pleasing effects, and one of the important requirements of an
advertisement is that it will please the eye, and prove inviting to the
readers. We suggest that you try the pyramid style of make-up on inside
pages, by which, you probably understand, the advertisements are grouped
in the lower right-hand corner of the page, thereby forcing the reading-
matter toward the upper left-hand corner. To cut up the reading-matter
into groups makes it difficult to follow. An advertisement is more likely
to gain a hearing that will result profitably for the advertiser if it does
not stand in the way of what the reader wants most, namely, news. The
brusque, too-insistent salesman in the flesh prejudices his case at the out¬
set, and good advertising is necessarily good salesmanship. All in all,
however, your paper is an excellent one.

THE INLAND PRINTER

525

A MODERN NEWSPAPER PLANT — THE NEW HOME
OF THE “DETROIT NEWS.’5

BY ALBERT G. BRENTON.

E PRESENTING an investment of two mil¬
lion dollars, embracing practically every
mechanical device of proved merit in facili¬
tating the efficient, rapid production of a
newspaper, and including personal and
operating conveniences unique in this insti¬
tution, the new plant of the Detroit News
is heralded as being, in many respects, with¬
out a superior in the world. Architecturally, the home of
Michigan’s leading newspaper — and indeed one of the
leading -newspapers of the Central West — is regarded as
so near the ideal that the need of improvements is not felt.
The present achievement is the culmination of many years
of planning, of many trips to the leading newspaper homes
of the country for suggestions, and of three former efforts
— which were carried to the stage of complete drawing
of plans — to obtain a building over which, when finished,
there would be no regrets, no desire to change even the
smallest detail. Needless to say, cost was not allowed to
be a consideration so long as utility and convenience were
obtained, and the ambition of the paper’s present managers
to erect a monument representing the ideals of its founder,
James E. Scripps, is realized.

It was decided early that no other interest but the
newspaper should share the new home. Thus, at the begin¬
ning, the designers had the advantage of being able to
concentrate on the peculiar structural needs of the news¬
paper without having to sacrifice any desirable objects for
outside considerations.

Facing Lafayette boulevard, the principal artery of
auto traffic in the business district, with Fort street, also
a prominent thoroughfare, at the rear, and Second avenue
on one side, the building occupies a site having the dual
advantage of being near the heart of the city without
actually being inconvenienced by the congestion, and of
being free from the rush and turmoil characteristic of the
crowded marts. The structure covers a full block and pro¬
vides 149,000 square feet of floor space — possibly the
largest exclusive news-plant anywhere.

The type of design, in the main, is full reinforced-
concrete construction, the only departure from this being
in the top story, where the middle third of the building
is devoted to the composing-room, and where monitor con¬
struction of structural steel was used to insure the abun¬
dance of daylight especially desired. It should not be
taken for granted, however, that light was sacrificed to
structural demands in any part of the building. Viewed
from the interior of any room, the outer walls seem to
be extraordinarily near to solid glazing, yet from the
exterior no vast expanse of fragile glass is noticeable; in
fact, the impression is contrariwise.

Indiana limestone composes the outside walls and is
exposed in ornamental effects in parts of the interior.
Architecturally, the structure is medieval inspiration,
though essentially American, and locally Middle Western
in its working out. Interesting mottoes in raised stone
letters on the Lafayette and Fort street facades, carved
devices and heraldic characters on fluted stone spandrels,
with carved figures at the heads of four stone piers on
opposite ends of the building, form attractive decorative
features that are noticeable contrasts to ordinary com¬
mercial buildings.

Following are the legends graven in the facades and
legible from the pavement:

“ Mirror of the Public Mind — Interpreter of Public
Intent — Troubler of the Public Conscience.”

“ Reflector of Every Human Interest — Friend of
Every Righteous Cause — Encourager of Every Gen¬
erous Act.”

“ Bearer of Intelligence — Dispeller of Ignorance and
Prejudice — A Light Shining in All Dark Places.”

“ Promoter of Civic Welfare and Civic Pride — Bond
of Civic Unity — Protector of Civic Rights.”

Heraldic characters forming a part of the exterior dec¬
oration are the reproductions of the private marks or
monograms of famous printers, including such masters as
Albrecht Diirer, Philipe le Noir, and others. Heroic stat¬
ues at the head of the stone piers represent four pioneers
of the printing art • — • Gutenberg, Plantin, Caxton and
Franklin.

Roughly, the departments are located as follows:

Basement. — News-print storage, paper tunnel, remote-
control electrical station, press spindles, newsboys’ room,
down -town circulation distribution depot.

Ground floor. — Grand entrance lobby, pressroom,
mailing-room, shipping department and garage.

Balcony or mezzanine. — President’s suite, library,
scraparium and balcony corridor.

Second floor. — Executive offices, editorial writers, man¬
aging editor, public reception lobby, telegraph operators’
room, exchange editors, file room, sporting editor’s suite,
society editor, general business office, advertising depart¬
ments, circulation .departments, assembly and club room,
job-printing plant and supply-room, first-aid hospital,
dining-room and kitchen, barber shop and cloak-rooms.

Third floor. — Art and engraving departments, tele¬
phone exchange, composing-room, stereotyping department,
carpenter and machine shop, locker-rooms, shower-baths
and wash-rooms for mechanical department.

In mechanical contents, the plant, so far as its man¬
agers are aware, is excelled nowhere. Every piece of
machinery and supplies is new. Selection was made with¬
out reference to cost, but only to meet the demands of
efficient conduct of the business. The markets of the
world were combed to obtain the best, and, as a result,
the great plant is a model in equipment. The battery of
presses, located on the ground floor in a room containing
33,000 square feet, and ranging along the Second avenue
side of the building before huge plate-glass windows, com¬
prises twenty-four units of Scott duo-triple octuple ma¬
chines with a printing, folding, counting and delivering
capacity of 432,000 sixteen-page papers an hour. Nine
feet of understructure in the basement includes the elec¬
trically operated triple-revolving paper reels and foun¬
dations of the giant presses. The department also is
equipped with a color press capable of turning out comic
supplements at the rate of 11,000 an hour, and of printing
in fourteen colors at one time. Paper-rolls are handled
entirely by machinery on the gravity principle controlled
by man-power. The revolving reels facilitate the rapid
changing of rolls while the presses are in operation. Half
a ton of ink daily is consumed by the presses. The method
of handling ink is ingenious. It is delivered from the
factory in an air-tight tank on a truck trailer and pumped
from this tank to the sealed fountains of the presses
through enclosed pipes by compressed air. From the time
it leaves the factory until it appears on the printed sheets,
the ink never is exposed. Belt conveyors carry the fin¬
ished papers from the time they leave the presses until
they are dumped at the opposite side of the building into
waiting motor-trucks.

THE INLAND PRINTER

527

In all departments the elements of distraction of work¬
ers, wasteful motion, confusion, noise and other embarrass¬
ments are reduced to the minimum. This is true especially
in the composing-room; on the third floor, with its two
longest walls practically outside exposures of glass, and
a vast skylight, dark corners are unknown. Artificial
lighting is of the indirect system, giving a soft, luminous
glow, at once bountifully sufficient for exacting work and
minus all irritating glare. One hundred and twenty-five
men are employed in this department. The equipment
consists of thirty-seven linotypes in double file on two

up to and including eighteen-point is set on solid slugs.
The standard body-type is six-point on a seven-point slug.
The error average in typography is one to 3,250 characters.
Most of the ad composition is done by the night staff. An
adman never goes to a machine, and the running hook is
operated on the ad. side as on news-matter. Owing to
the unusual demands for advertising space, the News often
has been forced to run 235 columns of ads. in a thirty-
six-page paper. Everything in the composing-room is on
a seven-hour basis, and machinework is on the piece sys¬
tem. The composing-room is under the competent super-

A Portion of the Composing-Room of the “Detroit News.”

sides of the room, twenty-four for editorial and thirteen
for advertising work; two Mergenthaler lead and rule
casters and two Ludlow machines with sixty-four fonts of
matrices.

Twenty-three steel type-cabinets, each with twenty-four
cases and each case holding fifty pounds of type, were spe¬
cially made. Each cabinet is electrically lighted, the rays
reflecting downward. A page of type will fit into any
drawer in the office. There are no racks or superstructure
of any sort over the cabinets or stones, all working mate¬
rials being obtained from beneath, thus maintaining an
open view of the room. All rules and make-up material
are in careful order under the tables. With the exception
of the machines, nothing on the floor is more than sixty
inches high. Pneumatic tubes carry the copy from the
editorial and advertising departments on the floor below,
and the copy-cutter sits near these tubes at a point about
the middle of the room. Proofreaders are situated near the
copy-cutter’s desk in a hollow square in the center of the
big, open room, which is without partitions. They have
flat-top art-metal desks with raised leaves. All wires and
pipes connected with the machines are carried under the
floor, which is of concrete with a marbleoid surface.
Every machine is motored, and there is an elaborate array
of saws, trimmers, proof-presses and time and labor saving
devices. Every machine for the composition of advertise¬
ments will set up to thirty-six-point, and all body-matter

vision of John M. Tracey, superintendent, for sixteen years
a foreman in the plant.

Directly at the rear of the composing-room, separated
by a steel and glass partition, is the stereotyping depart¬
ment, in charge of Ernest J. Smith, who has been .with
the institution for twenty-five years. Off from this depart¬
ment is a completely equipped machine-shop. An abun¬
dance of light and air is provided for the workmen, and
fumes and heat from the metal are carried off directly
through the roof. As added comforts, two shower-baths,
in addition to the well-equipped wash-room, are provided
for the stereotypers. This department’s machinery con¬
sists of three double junior autoplates, with a combined
capacity of eighteen plates a minute, each pot holding
eight tons of metal; four Wesel matrix-drying presses, a
single-page and one double-page Scott drying-press; one
Hoe and one Scott molding-machine.

Wet matrices, with a four-minute bake, are ordinarily
used for press starters, and for baseball and final editions.
The Wise-Wood flong and roaster outfit has been installed.
There is a Wise-Wood auto-shaver for each junior auto¬
plate, each capable of shaving, trimming and cooling six
plates a minute.

The two matrix-boxes have a capacity of 200 each. The
matrix-rack, with spaces numbered from one to forty, by
special order is so arranged that the curved formation
of the used matrix is preserved in filing to avoid possible

528

THE INLAND PRINTER

cracking. A Scott double-truck page equipment with tail
cutter and double-page shaver is used to prevent the neces¬
sity of manipulating the junior autoplates for double-truck
forms. The department also has a novel laundry dryer,
with a capacity of fifty-four blankets an hour, and two
regulation laundry tubs. In a detached department is a
complete job-casting plant, and a smelting-furnace said
to reclaim ninety-one per cent of the metal from dross.

Automatic gravity plate elevators, with a capacity of
dropping twelve plates a minute to the presses, are impor¬
tant parts of the equipment. The mopboards in this room,
as well as in the composing-room, are curved so that cor¬
ners and crevices are eliminated, and the entire floor of
both rooms is swept clean of metal each evening.

On the same floor with the composing-room and stereo¬
typing department, but at the opposite end of the build¬
ing, are the art and photographic departments, in charge
of Joseph Kraemer, and the engraving department. Here,
again, light is an important factor, and it is provided
abundantly. Likewise, the equipment is new and surplus
room is provided for present convenience and comfort and
possible future expansion.

The editorial quarters are fitted throughout for the
maximum of result with the minimum of effort. In the
main news-room, containing the telegraph and local de¬
partments, the news editor, telegraph editor, city editor’s
assistants and copyreaders sit at a semicircular copy-desk.
Each reporter and each writer, in whatever department,
has his own desk of art metal with battle-ship linoleum
cover, containing a typewriter for his individual use, and
spare side drawers for his working paraphernalia and
small personal effects.

The managing editor, Malcolm W. Bingay, who has
risen from an office-boy with the News to his present posi¬
tion, occupies a private room dividing the main news-room
from that set apart for the editorial and special writers.
The latter has enclosed bookcases along one whole side
for editorial writers’ reference works. Duplicates of these
books, and hundreds of others for the use of the staff, may
be found in the main library on the mezzanine floor below
the editorial rooms — one of the most complete newspaper
libraries in existence — in charge of George B. Catlin and
a corps of assistants.

The editor-in-chief, Edwin G. Pipp, also a graduate of
the News staff, occupies one of a suite of three elaborately
appointed offices, partially isolated from the scene of fev¬
erish activity in the news department. Adjoining his
office is that of William E. Scripps, vice-president and
managing director, and connecting with that is the room
of Hereward S. Scott, general manager.

Separate rooms are occupied by the Sunday editor and
exchange department, the sporting and automobile editor,
society department, with the Associated Press, Western
Union and Postal telegraph operators quartered in a
sound-proof room easily accessible to the main news-room.

Several newspaper innovations are embraced in the
building. Air for all departments is washed and heated
to a uniformly comfortable temperature and distributed
through an elaborate ventilating system. The News plant
is believed to be the first in the field to provide this ad¬
vantage. All drinking-water is filtered in the paper’s own
plant before being supplied to the numerous drinking-
fountains. Private one-man elevators connect the circu¬
lation manager with the press and mailing rooms. The
News also has the distinction of being the only newspaper
in the country, perhaps in the world, which has within
its own walls a substation for supplying electrical power.

The station operates, without an attendant, under what
is called the remote-control system, its purpose being to
transform from alternating to direct current the elec¬
tricity supplied from an outside source for the operation
of the hundreds of machines.

A conference and club room for employees is another
departure. Elegantly furnished with antique chairs, tables
and smoking-sets, luxurious rugs and window-draperies,
with a grand piano and lounging-couches, a bountiful sup¬
ply of magazines and other reading material, it is an
inviting spot for rest and recreation.

Members of the staff are asked to use it generously, and
do. It also is provided with a stereopticon, and in a very
brief space can be transformed into a lecture hall or a
dancing-floor. Editorial and business staff meetings are
held in it weekly, when problems incident to the business
are discussed in open-forum fashion.

A completely equipped first-aid hospital, with an oper¬
ator available, is provided for emergency needs, and a
dining-room with a complete kitchen meets all the needs of
the inner man of some four hundred employees.

The Detroit News was founded August 23, 1873, by
James E. Scripps, with $5,000 as the initial capital. Dur¬
ing his lifetime he was the actual directing head and the
genius who laid the foundation for the present magnificent
business and wonderfully influential publication. At the
death of Mr. Scripps, the burden of direction and control
fell to George G. Booth, now president of the Evening
News Association, whose interesting personality, high
artistic tastes and business acumen are reflected in most
of the past achievements and present strivings of the
publication. _

DE-INKED PAPER MAKES GOOD.

Dr. Thomas Jesperson, of Neenah, Wisconsin, has
demonstrated the practicability of his de-inking process
for making used paper new, which means that of the
6,000 tons of news paper used in the United States every
day, 1,500 tons can be reclaimed. The saving should go
far toward relieving the shortage of print paper, and the
best part of it all is that Doctor Jesperson is going at
the manufacture of his de-inked paper immediately and
expects to begin placing it on the market within the next
three or four weeks.

Readers of the trade press were advised a year ago
that Doctor Jesperson had found a way to manufacture
old newspapers into news print. Papermakers had always
scouted the practicability of this, for no means had ever
been discovered to remove the varnishes and oils from the
ink on old papers to the extent of making it white again.
Doctor Jesperson, however, experimented for four or five
years on methods to remove the troublesome oils and
varnishes and his efforts have finally proved successful.

The final test of de-inked paper was made in the press¬
room of the New York Morning Telegraph, where four
rolls were recently run through the presses at the stand¬
ard high speed of 24,000 revolutions an hour without a
hitch. The pressmen who handled the paper expressed
themselves as being entirely satisfied with the workable
qualities of the paper.

The Inland Printer is advised that the paper is of
a tint that is preferred by at least half the publishers of
the country. It absorbs very little more ink than new
paper and half-tone prints show up satisfactorily.

Doctor Jesperson claims that his paper may be made
over and over again as long as there is any fiber left, and,
after that, it may be made over indefinitely by the addi¬
tion of five per cent or less of sulphite.

THE INLAND PRINTER

529

This department will be devoted to the activities of the various organizations of employing printers, special emphasis being placed upon

the work being done for improvement of trade conditions.

Ben Franklin Club, of Cincinnati, Ohio.

T. J. TURNER, SECRETARY.

Considerable effort is being put forth toward interest¬
ing the printers of the city in the need for proper account¬
ing systems. At the last monthly meeting, November, a
practical talk on a simple accounting system for printers,
illustrated by a large chart, was delivered by William F.
Kroner.

The address on “ Cooperative Competition,” delivered
at the Chicago convention by Joseph A. Borden, national
secretary of the United Typothetae of America, was read
before a recent meeting of the members, and tentative
plans have been laid to form an open-price division in the
organization.

With the year drawing to a close, the activities are
rather light. Considerable interest is being taken in the
approaching election, with two tickets — the red and the
blue — in the field. (The date of this election is Decem¬
ber 27, which, we regret, is too late in the month to enable
us to give a report in this issue. The names of the suc¬
cessful candidates, however, will appear in the February
issue.)

Business is reported as being very good along the lines
of small job work, but very little is being done on larger
work, particularly catalogues.

Ben Franklin Club of Cleveland, Ohio.

W. G. MARTIN, SECRETARY.

A series of conferences for employing printers, to be
held biweekly and to cover all matters of interest to the
craft, is being inaugurated, the purpose of which is to
bring about a closer cooperation among the members of the
organization. The first of these conferences will be held
during the early part of January, and an expert account¬
ant, W. B. Baughman, has been employed to make a sta¬
tistical survey of the rise in the cost of printing, covering
the period of the past four years, which will be presented
at this meeting.

The November meeting brought out an attendance of
152 members, and proved one of the most successful and
enthusiastic in the history of the club. The special attrac¬
tion of the evening was an extremely interesting and timely
lecture by Stanley L. Krebs, of New York city, on “ Meet¬
ing New Conditions, or Adjusting Your Business to the
Times.”

A special committee, consisting of W. J. Raddatz, of the
Stratford Press, and George H. Jackman, of the Electric
Printing Company, is arranging for a series of lectures by
Henry Turner Bailey, of the Cleveland Art School, on the
subject, “Art in Advertising and Printing.” Mr. Bailey
is one of the foremost authorities in the country upon this
subject, and his lectures will be open to all members of
the organization.

4-7

The Ben Franklin anniversary and the annual ladies’
night will be held on January 17 at the Hollenden Hotel.
While plans were not complete at the time of this report,
it is expected that the entertainment will consist of a
dinner dance similar to the one which met with such great
success last year.

Graphic Arts Organization, Kansas City, Missouri.

OLIVER L. WROUGHTON, SECRETARY.

The Kansas City activities are based upon the deter¬
mination that the successful organization must convince
its members that organization is a part of their business,
and that it must resolve into a continued work of educat¬
ing proprietors in the cost of production and how to avoid
unnecessary waste and expense, to furnish them statistics
regarding average production in various departments and
keep them advised as to which concerns pay their bills
promptly. The “ campaign ” idea — the “ hip, hip, hooray ”
idea — is not believed in, but emphasis is continually placed
upon the constant study of the work of education.

As a part of the accounting system, Kansas City is
establishing a perpetual inventory for all materials used
in manufacturing the printed product, and is also furnish¬
ing members monthly statements of percentages of stock,
overhead and cost of labor, comparison of these expenses
and the total sales for the month being made with a state¬
ment of net gain or loss for the month and the percentage
of gain or loss to the total volume of business. The offi¬
cers hope that within the next few months they will be
able to furnish an average statement of these percentages,
drawn from statements furnished by individual plants.

Statements showing the average hour-costs for the dif¬
ferent operations, covering a period of six months, have
been compiled, the latest, from April to September, being

as follows:

Hand composition . $1.83

Job-press, hand-fed . 93

Job-press, automatic feed . 1.00

Cylinder press, under 25 by 38 . 1.94

Cylinder press, medium . 2.29

Cylinder press, over 38 by 50 . 3.11

Ruling . 1.39

Cutting . 1.44

Folding, hand-fed . 1.50

Folding, automatic feed . 1.97

Men's hand work . 1.15

Girls’ machine work . 1.09

Girls’ hand work . 58

A graphic chart is issued every six months, which
enables the members to see the fluctuation that occurs from
month to month, and also to note the trend of business.

What is known as the Graphic Arts Kraft Club has
been organized, the purpose being educational, which is
composed of superintendents and department heads, also
salesmen, in the printing and allied trades. Meetings are

530

THE INLAND PRINTER

held monthly, and matters pertaining- to efficiency are dis¬
cussed and ideas exchanged in order to make methods more
uniform in Kansas City.

Typothetje-Franklin Association of Detroit, Michigan.

ALVIN S. DUNBAR, SECRETARY.

The Cost Division held a meeting on Wednesday, De¬
cember 12, with thirty-three out of fifty-three members
present. The work of the division was talked over and
the installation of cost systems was thoroughly discussed.

and end in a big “ get-together ” dinner given some eve¬
ning in February. The first part of the drive will consist
of a direct-mail campaign, during which a selected list of
prospective members will receive, on alternate days, per¬
sonally signed letters setting forth the advantages of mem¬
bership. Following these letters, committee teams of three
members each will personally call on prospective members.

The Blank-Book, Loose-Leaf and Rulers’ Division and
the Employing Rulers’ and Binders’ Association have re¬
cently concluded a two years’ wage-scale agreement with

John W. Hastie,
President.

Morton S. Brookes,
Vice-President.

C. L. Woodfield,
Secretary.

It was reported that seventeen cost and
two bookkeeping systems had already
been installed, and that nineteen more
cost systems were to be installed as
early as possible.

One of the special activities of this
association at the present time is what
is known as the Special Godfather Com¬
mittee to Captain Frank B. Ainger’s
company of the new national army at
Camp Custer, Battle Creek, Michigan.

This company has been adopted by the
organization, and the committee has
secured a number of subscriptions,
financial and otherwise, for the purpose
of supplying the boys .with necessities
as well as little luxuries. Each week
a package is forwarded, containing
books, magazines and periodicals, and
other things which will help to make
the life in camp more pleasant and com¬
fortable. The committee has purchased
considerable yarn — a great amount has
also been contributed — and this is being knitted into
wristlets, sweaters and neck scarfs by the wives, daughters
and employees of the members.

Franklin-Typothetae of Chicago.

C. L. WOODFIELD, SECRETARY.

One of the most important activities in which the
Franklin-Typothetae of Chicago will engage during the
month of January will be a membership “ drive.” While
the association now has a membership of more than 250,
it is hoped to increase this number by fifty or even one
hundred per cent. The “ drive ” will begin January 7

the Paper Rulers’ Protective Association
of Chicago. This is the first written
agreement made in Chicago between
these parties.

Among the educational activities,
two are worthy of special mention. The
association is conducting an estimating
class, which now enrolls thirty members.
The class meets weekly, from 6:30 to
8:30 p.m., in the Jones School. In 0. E.
Dallas, of the Blakely-Oswald Printing
Company, and J. E. Richardson, of the
W. P. Dunn Company, the class has two
capable and practical instructors. To
provide expert counsel and assistance
to members in making out their income
and war tax schedules, the association
is having Assistant Secretary R. B.
Nelson take a course of training for
this particular work in the La Salle
Extension University. Through the
courtesy of the university, printed cop¬
ies of the lectures and illustrated ma¬
terial constituting the lessons of this special course are
available to a limited number of members who send their
request to the secretary’s office.

Three additions have been made to the list of commit¬
tee appointments which appeared in this journal last
month. Frank A. Blair has been placed on the Cost Com¬
mittee; James H. Rook and H. M. Rosenberg have been
added to the Membership Committee.

Occasion may be the bugle call that summons an army
to battle, but the blast of a bugle can never make soldiers
nor win battles. — J. A. Garfield.

R. B. Nelson,

Assistant Secretary.

New Officers of Franklin-Typothetae
of Chicago.

THE INLAND PRINTER

531

catalogue, a copy of which will be sent upon request.

“Caesar in Gaul.”

To students of Latin, for whom it is especially pre¬
pared, this book will prove of great interest and value.
The object in preparing the work was to provide a volume
which would more adequately and attractively meet the
needs of the second-year Latin class, and which would also
meet the modern demand for economy and efficiency which
pervades the educational world as well as the world of
business.

The work opens with an historical introduction, in En¬
glish, in three parts — The Life of Caius Julius Caesar;
Gaul, Britain and Germany; Roman Military Affairs.
Following this introduction the text is in simple Latin,
with full notes and explanatory notes in English. Then
follows a grammar complete for Caesar; Latin composi¬
tion limited to Caesarean syntax, and a general vocabulary.

“ Caesar in Gaul,” by Benjamin L. D’Ooge, professor
of Latin in the Michigan State Normal School, and Fred¬
erick C. Eastman, professor of Latin in the State Uni¬
versity of Iowa. Published by Ginn & Company, Boston.
Price, $1.40.

“Printing for School and Shop.”

The eagerness with which the public, the interested
employers’ and employees’ organizations and, most impor¬
tant of all, perhaps, pupils of the schools themselves, have
taken up printing as a subject for vocational instruction
in the past few years is well known. This is not at all
remarkable — in fact, it seems strange that it was not
taken up sooner — for training in the printers’ art is
valuable even for those who do not expect to follow it as
a business. With the increased volume of printing used,
both as a means of keeping business systematized and to
keep it growing, through advertising, a knowledge of print¬
ing is becoming more and more valuable to those engaged
in every line of business.

The fact that instruction in printing in the schools is
comparatively new is responsible, no doubt, for the dearth
of text-books on the subject. Hundreds of good books on
printing have been written and printed, but they have been
written for those already having experience at the business.
The need has been for books on printing following out a
pedagogical system, books so written and arranged that
they may be used in schools and from which assignments
of lessons may be given just as is done in books on gram¬
mar, history, etc. The need, as usual, was responsible for
the idea, and the idea has at last been put into tangible
form.

In “ Printing for School and Shop,” by Frank S. Henry,
instructor in printing, Philadelphia Trades School, the pub¬
lishing firm of John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, has
brought out an excellent text-book on printing for general
use in schools.

The book, as it should, starts with very simple things,
and by steps, in true pedagogical fashion, carries the stu¬
dent gradually to and through the more difficult problems.
Such chapter headings as “ Composition • — Type, Spaces
and Leads”; “Composition — Setting Straight Matter”;
“ Taking a Proof, Correcting the Job and Returning Type
to Case,” etc., show in what careful detail the text covers
the subject. Small and seemingly unimportant matters —
which are, nevertheless, very important in the develop¬
ment of capable, careful workmen — are gone into deeply.
Proofreading and punctuation are given due consideration,
and there is an informative chapter on “ Paper.” In all,
there are sixteen chapters. Each subject under the dif¬
ferent headings is numbered and headed to facilitate study
and make the assignments of the instructor clear.

The book will be welcomed by the many instructors of
printing, who have been plugging away these several years
without a text-book to aid them in their work.

“ Printing for School and Shop,” by Frank S. Henry.
Published by John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, 432 Fourth
avenue, New York city. Price $1.25 net, postage 16 cents
extra. May be secured through The Inland Printer
Company.

“The Secret of Typewriting Speed.”

It is always fascinating to read how the champion in
any line of endeavor reached the top, and when the leader
has the gift of actually showing others how to get there it
is doubly interesting. Margaret B. Owen has done this in
her remarkable book, “ The Secret of Typewriting Speed.”
This gifted woman attracted the world’s attention by set¬
ting a new standard for typewriting speed. Four times
she has won the world’s typewriting speed championship,
the last time by writing 143 words a minute for an hour,
which means striking the keys twelve times every second
— faster than the ordinary person can dictate. Unself¬
ishly, she has given in this book the original methods which
she followed to develop this wonderful speed. The princi¬
ples set forth undoubtedly can also be applied to the oper¬
ation of keyboards other than the typewriter.

“ The Secret of Typewriting Speed ” is more than a
book on speed, however, for it covers the whole subject of
typewriting — everything that the stenographer needs to
know concerning the use and care of the machine, and her
other office duties. In fact, Miss Owen is unwilling to con¬
sider speed detached from accuracy. The book tells how
to overcome bad habits in typing, how to write a perfect
letter, how to save lost motion, and, while telling about
the care of the typing machine, it also tells the stenographer
how to care for the human machine in order to acquire the
best health for business success.

“ The Secret of Typewriting Speed,” by Margaret B.
Owen. Published by Forbes & Company, Chicago, Illinois.
Price $1 net, postage 10 cents extra.

532

THE INLAND PRINTER

AN ART DIRECTOR’S DIRECTIONS TO ARTISTS.

BY STEPHEN H. HORGAN.

EYWORTH CAMPBELL, art director of
Vogue and Vanity Fair, delivered a de¬
lightful talk before a recent meeting of
the American Institute of Graphic Arts.
Artists can learn much from Mr. Camp¬
bell’s point of view as a buyer of their
product. His definition of “ commercial
art” was: Any form of pictorial expres¬
sion which unites the best possible craftsmanship, the high¬
est possible beauty, combined with a fresh, imaginative
and original statement of some aspect of life, and which
possesses inherent selling value. In short, art that will
make the public buy our books, magazines, papers, press-
work and fifty-seven varieties of baked beans.

The young artist should learn first that there is no
conspiracy on the part of editors and art men to keep him
down. It is the young artist, after all, who does nine-
tenths of all the artwork bought in the printing and pub¬
lishing business and its allied trades, so we are always in
search of good, new, promising young artists and will go
to considerable pains to bring out the talent of some
youngster who impresses us as being worth educating in
the particular commercial problems with which we have
to deal.

Then there is the necessity of the young artist studying
the publishing field and finding the place where he belongs,
the field in which his work most excels, and here is where
the schools can be of great service to students in directing
their talent in the right direction and teaching them the
actual requirements of the buyers they hope later to serve;
and there is no reason why schools should not work more
closely with publishers, printers and art buyers.

A very easy way for the beginner to make a big show¬
ing, but a false and dangerous one, is to take up the eccen¬
tric style, now so common and so much abused. No matter
how clever, unusual, or distinctive one’s style, develop¬
ment, to be substantial, must be built on a solid conven¬
tional foundation. One should not attempt the difficult
until the simple has been mastered.

Passing over the fashion drawing, headings and the
purely irresponsible page decoration, Mr. Campbell said
that an illustration should not consist of a stock heroine
and a stock hero — John clasping Muriel to his manly
breast in one issue and Clarence clasping Estella in the
next. Nor should it be the type of drawing whose only
virtue is that the hat-rack is in the right corner and the
clue is lying neatly visible on the mat waiting for the
amateur detective. If the author has done a good piece of
work, the facts of the hat-rack and the clue and the clasp
are taken care of; it is the artist’s task to add atmosphere,
feeling and charm to the actual facts of the tale, and
beauty to the printed page. It is easy enough to move the
hat-rack, in case the artist has put it in the wrong place;
but unless drawings have the atmosphere and the spirit
of the story, unless they show imagination and feeling,
unless they have craftsmanship and power, no tinkering
on earth can put it there.

The constant change in public taste and public approval
should be watched carefully by the artist. We had a
Charles Dana Gibson furore; an epidemic of oval medal¬
lions on magazine covers; a mad passion for red-haired
women rampant, that is hardly dead yet; and the entire
rise, fever heat and slow relapse of the eccentric school
of drawing. The once famous nude has descended the stair¬
case into oblivion.

It is a good thing for art and artists to be stirred up
by these phases and crazes of art, otherwise we should
stagnate in smug satisfaction with ourselves. Artists far
too sane to flounder into the mad extravagances of the
Futurists, Cubists and Ultimists, when they saw the in¬
surgent work, realized that there were possibilities in the
daring use of bold color which they had never realized,
and profited thereby.

The artist must constantly keep in touch with all these
phases of art, use what is good, reject what is bad, and
keep in step with the movement of the time, readjusting
his sliding scale of what the public wants and will pay
for today, what it will demand tomorrow, and what it
would like to have if it only knew what to ask for.

An “Inland Printer” Enthusiast.

A Christmas present to Mr. and Mrs. H. L. Green. Born December 25,
1915. Mr. Green is foreman of the composing-room of The Henry O.
Shepard Company, printers of The Inland Printer.

WENT TO HIS HEAD.

“ He is building castles out of clouds, and some time
his creditors will come and gently ooze him onto the bound¬
less spaces of desuetude, where the whangdoodle wears a
nightcap and the daddaw swings by its tail from the
swusswus tree like a pendulum with whiskers on it.”

It is with these words that “ State Press,” of the Dallas
News, describes the fate of the country publisher who con¬
tinues to try to conduct a newspaper at a loss. How awful
such a fate is may be imagined by the reader — and the
words of “ State Press ” are by no means exaggerated. —
Hoitstoii Post.

THE INLAND PRINTER

533

Sill-

TRADE NOTES

Brief mention of men and events associated with the printing and allied industries will be published under this heading. Items for this

department should be sent before the tenth day of the month.

J. P. Gavit Retires from Managing
Editorship of New York
“Evening Post.”

John Palmer Gavit, for over four
years managing editor of the Evening
Post, New York city, has severed his
connection with that paper and taken
up new duties with Harper & Broth¬
ers. Mr. Gavit’s successor has not yet
been chosen. He will continue as a
member of the Board of Trustees of
the Post, however.

Printing-Plant of Russell & Cockrell,
at Amarillo, Texas, Damaged
by Fire.

On Saturday morning, December 8,
fire broke out in the plant of Russell
& Cockrell, “ The Panhandle Printing
Company,” Amarillo, Texas, which re¬
sulted in considerable damage to
equipment and stock. While the fire
placed quite a strain on the organiza¬
tion, it did not put it out of business,
manufacturing going on apace in a
very short time. We understand the
loss was reasonably well covered by
insurance.

The Challenge Machinery Company
Elects New Officers.

At the recent annual meeting of the
Challenge Machinery Company, man¬
ufacturers of printing-presses and
printers’ equipment, Grand Haven,
Michigan, the following officers were
elected: President and manager, J.
Edgar Lee; vice-president, J. Wesley
Lee; secretary, Charles R. Shupe;
treasurer, R. G. Wilson; assistant
manager, B. S. Hanson; advertising
manager, G. E. McCabe; superinten¬
dent, A. A. Karcher.

Employees of Samuel Jones & Co.
Invest in Liberty Bonds.

The well-known firm of Samuel
Jones & Co., manufacturers of non¬
curling gummed papers, advises The
Inland Printer that its employees
have subscribed to the second Liberty
Loan to the amount of $1,500. The
company has arranged for its employ¬
ees to pay for these bonds in weekly

instalments of $1, reciting the plan in
detail as follows : “ Employees receive
interest on each payment at the rate
of four per cent per annum, and we
have also given them a special induce¬
ment by arranging to pay the last two
weekly instalments on each bond out
of our funds.”

New York Master Printers’
Association.

“ The largest and strongest body of
master printers in any city in the
world,” having 477 members in good
standing, held a record-breaking meet¬
ing on December 13, in New York city,
and the following candidates were
nominated for the offices during 1918:
President, Roy S. Knagge; vice-
president, William Driscoll; treas¬
urer, Paul Overhage; secretary, M. L.
Clifford. Executive Committee: Wil¬
liam Kiesling, M. J. Pendergast,
George M. Ritterband, C. Irving Hall.
Trustees: Robert J. Stein, Charles

Edgar, W. A. Sitzler.

The reports of the various commit¬
tees showed that the association was
working hard to improve the condition
of printers in New York city, the
largest center of this industry in the
world. The headquarters of this asso¬
ciation are in the Printing Crafts
building, 461 Eighth avenue, where
D. W. Gregory, the energetic business
manager, is in charge.

The American Institute of Graphic
Arts.

“ Type-Faces ” was the subject for
discussion; before the regular meeting
of the American Institute of Graphic
Arts, on Wednesday, December 19.
The chairman, Frederic W. Goudy,
spoke on “ The Romance of Types,”
illustrating his talk with lantern-
slides. The other speakers who made
up a most elaborate program were :
Harry L. Koopman, Litt.D., librarian
of Brown University; J. Horace
McFarland, of The Mount Pleas¬
ant Press, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania;
Henry Taylor, Taylor & Taylor, San
Francisco, California, and Henry L.

Bullen, Typographic Library, Ameri¬
can Type Founders Company, Jersey
City, New Jersey.

At the January meeting the subject
will be “ Design,” and the chairman
will be Edward B. Edwards, whose
masterly designs were shown in an
article running through several pages
of The Inland Printer for January,
1915. In February the meeting will
discuss “ Poster Art,” with Ray Green-
leaf as chairman ; March, “ Photog¬
raphy,” with William E. Rudge as
chairman; and at the April meeting
“ Catalogues and Booklets ” will be the
subject, with Hal Marchbanks as
chairman. Detailed information as to
the speakers and exact dates of the
1918 meetings will be announced later.

Graphic Colorplate Engraving Com¬
pany, New York City, Requires
Larger Quarters.

Evidence that business can be made
“ as usual ” and that service will win
its just reward— -and quickly — is
furnished by the striking growth of
the Graphic Colorplate Engraving
Company, of New York city. Start¬
ing in business at 241 West Thirty-
seventh street after the declaration of
war by the United States — on May
14, to be exact — the business of this
company has grown to such an extent
that new and larger quarters have be¬
come necessary, and, in consequence,
on December 1 the plant and office
were moved to 137-139 West Thirty-
eighth street. To handle the expanding
business, considerable new equipment
was also necessary, and, in addition to
purchasing some of the latest types
of improved photoengraving machin¬
ery, the furniture, fixtures and entire
equipment of the Thoma Engraving
Company were also purchased.

In advising The Inland Printer
of the change of address, the company
attributed its rapid growth to insis¬
tence upon uniform good quality of
product and superior service. The
Graphic Colorplate Engraving Com¬
pany caters especially to the printing
and publishing trades.

534

THE INLAND PRINTER

Mid-West Box Company and the
K. I. Herman Company
Consolidate.

On November 1, two large Chicago
firms, the Mid- West Box Company
and the K. I. Herman Company, en¬
gaged alike in the manufacture of
solid fiber containers and corrugated
fiberboard products, merged interests.
The Herman plant will be operated
as the Chicago factory of the Mid-
West Box Company, which has plants
also at Anderson and Kokomo, Indi¬
ana ; Cleveland, Ohio, and Fairmont,
West Virginia, in addition to a paper-
mill at Kokomo. Mr. Herman him¬
self has joined the executive forces of
the Mid-West organization, having
been appointed secretary and general
manager. The general offices of the
-company are in the Conway building,
Chicago, Illinois.

Philadelphia Craftsmen Have
Big Night.

On the evening of December 13, the
Philadelphia Club of Printing House
Craftsmen had a good, old-fashioned
Christmas dinner of roast turkey,
cranberry sauce, plum pudding and all
the usual “fixings.” That date marked
also the regular monthly meeting of
the club, and nearly one hundred
members and guests were in atten¬
dance.

The festival began about seven-
thirty, as the first course of the din¬
ner was served. The special musical
program was of unusual attraction.
As the demi-tasse came on, President
Charles W. Smith announced that the
club would then go in for the nomi¬
nation of officers for the ensuing year.
The nominations were all made within
five minutes. Mr. Smith then intro¬
duced the first speaker of the evening,
Commander Albert Moritz, U. S. N.
(retired), who told a very interesting
story of the navy.

The second speaker on the program
was Professor Otto Frederick Ege,
one of the directors and an instructor
of the School of Industrial Arts of the
Pennsylvania Museum, Broad and
Pine streets, Philadelphia. Mr. Ege’s
lecture was entitled “ Legends and
Curious Facts Found in the History
of the Vehicles of Recording Lan¬
guage.” It was a very scholarly and
interesting talk, and it had much to
do with the early history of printing.
The professor had many exhibits of
rare printing, hand-lettered books and
illuminated manuscripts, curios, etc.,
which were used for illustrating his
lecture. Professor Ege’s talk was con¬
sidered one of the most interesting and
instructive which had ever been given

before the club. He received a rising
vote of thanks from all present.

The next meeting and dinner of the
club will be held January 10 at the
Hotel Bingham. The annual election
of officers will take place at that time.

Allen, Lane & Scott, Philadelphia,
Progress.

Many improvements and changes
for the better have been made in the
big plant of Allen, Lane & Scott, 1211

William H. Scott,

Head of Allen. Lane & Scott, general printers,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

and 1213 Clover street, Philadelphia,
during the last few months. To be¬
gin with, the walls and ceilings of all
the offices and mechanical departments
have been enameled snow-white, mak¬
ing the workrooms brighter and more
sanitary. This concern now has one
of the largest and best-equipped rail¬
road, mercantile and legal printing
establishments in the country. Seven
entire floors and a basement of the
building are used. Moreover, a large
warehouse at 1102 Samson street is
being utilized for the storage of large
quantities of paper stock, cardboard,
etc. Much new equipment has been
installed.

The only living member of this com¬
pany of nationally known printers is
William H. Scott. Edmund Allen, one
of the partners, it will be remembered,
died not long ago at the advanced age
of ninety-six. William P., son of Wil¬
liam H. Scott, is general superinten¬
dent of the business and plant.

A thumb-nail history of this firm
will no doubt be interesting to many
in the trade, as forty-six years of con¬
tinual success and progress in the
printing business is no mean record.

Back in the year 1864 — on the

morning of December 1, to be exact
— William H. Scott, a young law
student of the University of Pennsyl¬
vania, saw a “ Help Wanted ” adver¬
tisement in the Philadelphia Press of
that date which aroused his interest.

Thus William Scott became a book¬
keeper for H. G. Leisenring, a printer,
232 Dock street, giving up the idea of
becoming a famous “ Philadelphia
lawyer.” In 1867 Leisenring failed in
business and Edmund Allen was ap¬
pointed assignee. The name was
changed to the Leisenring Printing
House. It is interesting to note that
Stephen Greene, the great printer who
later founded the house which now
bears his name, was at that period
superintendent of the Leisenring
plant. Under the direction of Ed¬
mund Allen, the assignee, and with
the assistance of William Scott, the
bookkeeper, the business was brought
to life. Things were moving along
very nicely when, on May 19, 1872,
the plant of the Leisenring Printing
House was destroyed by fire. Three
days after the fire, the company of
Allen, Lane & Scott was formed.
Messrs. Scott and Allen continued to
take care of the bookkeeping and
general office work. C. A. Lane, a
practical, all-around printer, became
mechanical superintendent of the new
plant, which was started at 233 South
Fifth street. It was not many months
before Allen, Lane & Scott were being
mentioned as among the leading mas¬
ter printers of the Quaker City. Good
wages and excellent working condi¬
tions attracted a force of the best
craftsmen. To this day, some of the
first employees of Allen, Lane & Scott
are still working for the house, after
forty-six years of faithful service.

About twenty years ago, Allen, Lane
& Scott found it necessary to take
larger and better quarters at 1211 and
1213 Clover street. Business kept on
increasing, until today the plant is
one of the best organized of its class
in the United States.

December 1, 1917, was a day of un¬
usual interest for William H. Scott,
head of this big printing-house. That
day marked the fifty-third anniver¬
sary of Mr. Scott’s connection with
the printing business. He is a pleas¬
ant, kindly, hale and hearty gentle¬
man, as his portrait indicates. Early
in the morning of any business day he
can be found hard at work in his
office. Mr. Scott smilingly stated that,
while he would have liked to be a
successful lawyer, he is proud to be
at the head of such a useful and
important business as that of Allen,
Lane & Scott.

THE INLAND PRINTER

535

Philadelphia School of Estimating a

Success.

Under the direction of William C.
Ritzius, instructor, the School in Esti¬
mating of the Typothetse of Philadel¬
phia has been very successful. The
class meets every Tuesday evening,
from 7 to 9 o’clock, on the sixth floor
of the building, 920 Chestnut street.

About twenty men and women from
some of the leading establishments
are taking this free course in cost¬
finding and estimating.

Mr. Ritzius is also giving a special
course in estimating during the day¬
time. A moderate charge is made for
this instruction.

Efficiency the Watchword with
Iowa Press.

Iowa is beyond a doubt one of the
very best organized States in the
country so far as the printing business
is concerned. Years ago the printers
and publishers of Iowa began to feel
the need of organization, and with
this thought in mind a meeting was
called at Des Moines by a number of
far-sighted men of the quill. That
their meeting was a success is con¬
ceded, in view of the fact that from
that day to this, organization work has
gone forward by leaps and bounds.
Every county has its own organiza¬
tion, then the counties are divided
into sections — The Upper Des Moines
Corn Belt, The Southern Iowa Press,
The Association of Iowa Dailies, and
numerous others, until the final or¬
ganization of The Greater Iowa Pub¬
lishers’ Association, taking in all
publishers and printers of Iowa. A
meeting of the latter is held each year
at Des Moines, where difficulties aris¬
ing in connection with the work are
threshed out.

The imposing structure of the Grin¬
nell Herald, designed by “ Dave ” N.
Mallory, special representative and
efficiency engineer of the Intertype
Corporation, is of steel and concrete
construction, finished in Bedford stone
— fireproof throughout. The layout
of business office, composing-room,
pressroom and bindery is made along

modern efficiency lines and enables
the Herald to produce printing at a
much lower cost than heretofore. The
building is a fitting monument to the
organization of the State and speaks
well for the hard work done in this
field by the owners of the Herald ,
Messrs. Ray and Frisbie, who have
spent much valuable time with other
publishers in perfecting the different
county and state organizations.

Grinnell should be proud of her
printing-offices, as The Register is
housed in a fine new home as well
as the Herald. Two better printing-
plants could not be found in any
State.

Kaupp & Son, Philadelphia, Make
Improvements.

The firm of J. M. Kaupp & Son, of
Fourth and Vine streets, Philadelphia,
has been making great progress. One
good reason for this success is that
the business is being operated under
the Standard cost system. Kaupp &
Son recently celebrated their thirtieth
anniversary in business. Extensive
improvements have been made in the
plant, which has been enlarged until
it occupies three entire floors of the
building.

The leading specialty of this firm is
fine colorwork. Beautiful water-color
effects are produced for illustrations
on large labels, etc. Embossing is
another important specialty. In ad¬

dition, Kaupp & Son produce all kinds
of good job and commercial printing.
They are believers in the service idea.
For example, particular attention is
given to wrapping all packages of
printed-matter neatly and strongly.
Scratch-pads are inserted in packages
as gifts to the customer. This little
touch of special service has led to
many extra orders.

Otto H. Kaupp, son of J. M. Kaupp,
is the head of the concern. He is a
progressive business man, being a
member of the Philadelphia Chamber
of Commerce and of other well-known
business organizations. His slogan is,
“ Please the customer - — • give him the
best of quality and service.”

Charles D. Jones Leaves Ullman-
Philpott Company to Enter
Newspaper Business.

Charles D. Jones, Toledo, Iowa,
whose portrait appears on this page,
has resigned from the sales force
of the Ullman-Philpott Company,
printing-ink manufacturers, Cincin¬
nati, Ohio, after almost twenty-seven
years of service, during which time he
represented that company in Iowa,
Illinois and Nebraska. When this is¬
sue of The Inland Printer reaches
its readers in Iowa, Mr. Jones will be

Charles D. Jones.

of the “ brethren ” there, occupying
the position of associate editor and
business manager of the Jackson
County Sentinel, Maquoketa, Iowa.
The Sentinel is an old-established
paper, having been operated in 1856
by the grandfather of the present
editor and owner, W. C. Swigart, who
is also postmaster of the city.

Mr. Jones, who is affectionately
known as “ Jones, the Inkman ” by

New Home of “Grinnell Herald,” Grinnel), Iowa.

536

THE INLAND PRINTER

the publishers of the States wherein
he has traveled, will not enter the
printing and publishing field without
experience, for his earlier years were
spent at the printing-trade. He
learned the business in the plant of
the Toledo (Iowa) Chronicle, and at
other times worked at Marshalltown,
Iowa; Chicago, Illinois, and Huron,
South Dakota. At one time he was
superintendent of the plant of The
National Printer- Journalist, “Father”
Herbert’s paper, leaving that position
to become identified with the Ullman-
Philpott Company.

Another Philadelphia Firm Enjoys
Big Expansion of Business.

Business has been increasing so rap¬
idly with James Spencer & Co., 22
North Sixth street, Philadelphia, that
the company is seeking larger quarters
in the neighborhood. Six hot-presses,
two plate-presses, four stampers, one
power steel-die and plate press and a
battery of job and cylinder presses
have been running day and night on
a great variety of orders. So many
orders have been received during the
last few weeks that it has been neces¬
sary to politely refuse some.

James Spencer, who has been in ac¬
tive charge of this business for the
last forty-eight years, stated that
1917 was the best business year in
the life of his company. In one month
alone, there was an increase of more
than a thousand dollars’ worth of or¬
ders. It is interesting to note that
more illuminated greeting-cards were
sold this season, in large lots, than
ever before.

Printing and Publishing in Illinois.

Some interesting figures regarding
the printing and publishing industry
of the State of Illinois are set forth
in the report of the Bureau of the
Census of the Department of Com¬
merce, a section of which, covering
this State, has recently been received.
The figures are based upon the year
1914. We quote from the portion cov¬
ering the printing and publishing
field as follows:

“ This industry ranked third in
value of products among the indus¬
tries of the State in 1914, having ad¬
vanced from fourth place in 1909. It
includes the printing and publishing
of books, newspapers and periodicals,
and music, job-printing, bookbinding
and blank-book making, steel and
copper plate engraving and litho¬
graphing. Illinois ranked second in
the United States in this industry,
with products valued at $112,833,427
in 1914, an increase of 29.3 per cent

over that reported in 1909. There
was an increase of 14.6 per cent in
the average number of wage-earners,
and 4.4 per cent in the number of
establishments during the same period.
The value of products for the industry
formed 5 per cent of the total for all
industries in the State in 1914. The
principal items entering into the total
value of products for the year 1914
were job-printing, $36,161,727; book
and pamphlet printing and publishing,
$16,755,432; subscriptions and sales
of newspapers, $9,592,167 ; newspaper
advertising, $16,363,738; subscrip¬
tions and sales of magazines and
periodicals, $6,857,958; periodical ad¬
vertising, $8,974,993; bookbinding and
blank-book making, $6,428,579, and
engraving, steel and copper plate, in¬
cluding plate-printing and lithograph¬
ing, $7,522,689.”

In addition to these figures, the table
showing the relative importance and
growth of the leading manufacturing
industries of the State also gives the
following: , Paper and wood-pulp,
$6,951,794; photoengraving not done
in printing-establishments, $3,356,688;
stereotyping and electrotyping, $1,-
593,829; typefounding and printing
materials, $1,245,989. Were these
figures included with those under the
heading, “ Printing and Publishing,”
the total value of products for the en¬
tire industry would be $126,981,727.
The inclusion of stationery goods
would increase this amount by $2,-
041,713, and paper goods not elsewhere
specified would add another $4,692,-
992. This would bring the industry
somewhat nearer the second, foundry
and machine-shop products, the total
value of which was $141,328,624.

Howe Addressing Company’s
Removal.

On or about February 1, 1918, the
Howe Addressing Company, of 206-210
South Fourth street, Philadelphia, will
move its business offices and plant to
the building which was for many
years the home of the Evening Tele¬
graph, at 704 Chestnut street. Ex¬
tensive improvements have been made
in the Telegraph building, which con¬
tains five spacious floors and a base¬
ment thirty feet deep. New-style
indirect lighting fixtures have been
placed in the offices and workrooms.
Skylights have been put in so that
plenty of natural light will reach all
departments and the exterior of the
building has also been renovated.

The business of the Howe Address¬
ing Company has more than doubled
during the last year or so, thus mak¬
ing larger quarters essential.

An important department of the
business is devoted to the compiling
and publishing of the famous Boyd’s
City and Business Directories.

A. F. Lewis Completes New York
Edition of 1918 “ Printing-
Trades Blue Book.”

A. F. Lewis, publisher of the
“ Printing-Trades Blue Book,” has
returned to Chicago after completing
the New York issue. The edition will
be on the market in a short time.

United Typothetae of America
News Notes.

The demand for the services of
the national organization cost accoun¬
tants is ever increasing. Many local
Typothetse are adopting an accounting
service in connection with their other
activities. This service, under the su¬
pervision of the accounting staff of
the national organization, is con¬
ducted by having a qualified accoun¬
tant employed by the local association
to render assistance directly to each
member as the occasion demands.
Wherever tried, this plan has met
with genuine success and worth-while
results have been obtained. Many
individual members throughout the
country are requesting cost-installation
service, which puts heavy demands on
the field accountants.

Over 250 students have been en¬
rolled in the Standard Estimating
Course for Printers. Some of these
enrolments represent individuals tak¬
ing the course by correspondence,
while others represent individuals
taking the course by group study,
which is carried on through local or¬
ganizations. Those interested in esti¬
mating and cost-finding, and wishing
to obtain full particulars, are invited
to write the national headquarters,
608 South Dearborn street, Chicago.

The printers of northern Indiana
assembled at Fort Wayne on the eve¬
ning of December 3, to consider the
forming of an association. Joseph A.
Borden, national secretary, addressed
the meeting, pointing out the value of
organized effort, and as a result it is
highly probable that an organization,
to be known as the Northern Indiana
Press and Printers’ Federation, will
be formed, with local branches at
Fort Wayne, Elkhart, South Bend,
and other cities in that section of the
State.

A second edition of the treatise on
the Standard cost-finding system is
just off the press. This booklet shows
the various blanks used in connection
with the system, which are filled in
with actual records to illustrate the

THE INLAND PRINTER

537

complete methods of application. A
treatise will be sent to any printer
interested who will address the na¬
tional office.

Blanks are now being- prepared, to
be submitted to the members of the
organization for a report of their cost
for the year 1917. These reports,
when submitted by members operating
the Standard cost-finding system, are
used in making up the composite cost
statement for the past year. It is sug¬
gested that printers desiring to assist
the Cost Commission by sending in
their figures, begin the compiling of
their statistics at once, so that the
blank may be filled out promptly and
sent to the national office. An extra
effort now on the part of each con¬
tributor will mean an early publica¬
tion of the composite statement of cost
of production for the year 1917.

Revisions to the Standard Price-
List are on press and will be mailed
to the membership some time during
this month. These revisions are based
on 1916 costs, as determined by the
composite statement. Members should
issue instructions to clerks to look out
for these revised pages and insert
them in their proper places in the
Standard Price-List immediately.

San Francisco Admen Busy
Preparing for 1918
Convention.

Advices from the region of the
Golden Gate indicate that prepara¬
tions for the annual convention of the
Associated Advertising Clubs of the
World, to be held in San Francisco,
California, next July, are already
under way.

Frank H. Abbott, Jr., of the Abbott
Press, has been appointed general
manager of the local convention
board. This board will direct the
affairs of the local organization in its
relation to the convention.

Mr. Abbott has advised a represen¬
tative of The Inland Printer that
encouraging reports are being received
from all over the land, and that he
expects 7,000 delegates will be in at¬
tendance. Special trains are being
planned from some of the larger
cities. Many of the clubs in those
cities are even now making weekly
payments into a fund to defray the
expenses of the trip.

The keynote of the appeal for at¬
tendance will be, “ Spend your 1918
vacation in San Francisco, attend the
convention and see the wonders of the
Pacific coast.” To back up this ad¬
vertising, the entertainment features
will include excursions by rail and

automobile into the scenic sections of
the State. The transcontinental rail¬
roads are expected to supplement the
advertising of the local club in its
efforts toward a record attendance.

AMONG THE SUPPLY HOUSES.

A Trip Through the Plant of The
Seybold Machine Company.

One of the most pleasing and inter¬
esting bits of printing received by
The Inland Printer recently is a

Cover-Design of Handsome Booklet Issued
by the Seybold Machine Company,
Dayton, Ohio.

handsome booklet from The Seybold
Machine Company, Dayton, Ohio, man¬
ufacturers of high-grade machinery
for bookbinders, printers, lithogra¬
phers and papermakers - — - particu¬
larly cutting-machines. The title, “A
Trip Through the Plant of The Sey¬
bold Machine Company,” tells the
whole story, for, in picture and text,
a trip through the big Seybold factory
is interestingly described. One is
graphically told of the manufacture
of cutting-machines, from the receipt
of the raw product to the delivery of
the finished product. It should prove
interesting reading to every one con¬
nected with the printing business.

In its physical aspects, also, the
booklet is a beautiful one. The cover-
design, reproduced on this page, was
printed in soft, dark colors to suggest
the idea of night — the street lights
and the fire from the foundry, flaring
out, indicate that business in the Sey¬
bold plant goes on twenty-four hours
a day. The suggestion, of course, has
its advertising value — “ Business is
good — what makes it so?” The in¬

side pages are printed on mellocoated
stock, the type-matter and half-tone
illustrations being in brown, sur¬
rounded by a border printed in a
green tint.

Much credit is due The Sloman
Advertising Company, also of Dayton,
for the general excellence of the book¬
let, as it was produced under the
direction of that organization. All
printers should secure a copy for their
files, for, aside from its beauty, the
booklet contains considerable valuable
information on cutting-machines.

Eric R. Singer with Sigmund Ullman
Company.

Announcement has been received to
the effect that Eric R. Singer, for¬
merly secretary and in charge of sales
for the Carey Printing Company, In¬
corporated, New York city, has been
appointed sales manager of the Sig¬
mund Ullman Company for New York
city.

The American Pulley Company
Issues an Informative Booklet.

“ Getting Maximum Pulley Effi¬
ciency ” is the title of an interesting
and informative booklet recently is¬
sued by the American Pulley Com¬
pany, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
describing the features of its several
kinds of pulleys, particularly the
American steel split pulley. In the
booklet some vital facts in regard to
pulley efficiency are given in a brief,
non-technical way. Attention is called
to the fact that in many factories the
greatest care is exercised in the selec¬
tion of machinery, etc., but the ques¬
tion of the efficiency of belt pulleys
is given very little consideration. The
booklet explains how the result of
this is usually a loss of power, time
and production that runs into star¬
tling figures in the course of a year.

Barnhart Brothers & Spindler Bring
Out a Distinctive Type-Face.

Barnhart Brothers & Spindler, type¬
founders, Chicago, recently mailed to
the trade an envelope entitled “ Timely
Things for Lively Printers,” contain¬
ing some small folders showing a
variety of ornaments and borders
suitable for the decoration of holiday
printing, a new type-face called the
Parsons series, a showing of Publicity
Gothic and a review of several of its
more popular type successes, etc.

The Parsons series will, no doubt,
become popular, as it is an original
and distinctive letter. The swash ini¬
tials and the long ascenders and de¬
scenders of the lower-case enable the
tasteful compositor to approximate the

538

THE INLAND PRINTER

free and graceful effects of hand¬
lettering. Harmonizing ornaments
and borders are provided in liberal
variety. The Parsons letter and dec¬
orations were designed by Will Ran¬
som, the Chicago artist, whose work
ranks high. Other members of the
Parsons type family are in prepara¬
tion and will be shown very soon.

W. C. McLaughlin Now Secretary of
the Whitaker Paper Company.

The Inland Printer is advised
that W. C. McLaughlin, formerly as¬
sistant secretary of The Whitaker
Paper Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, has
succeeded the late Harrison P. War-
rener as secretary of the company.
Mr. McLaughlin has been identified
with the Whitaker organization ever
since it came into being fourteen years
ago and has grown up with the com¬
pany. During his earlier years, Mr.

W. C. McLaughlin, Secretary Whitaker
Paper Company.

McLaughlin represented the company
on the road, and at one time was man¬
ager of the Birmingham, Alabama,
branch house.

Mergenthaler Company Sends Out
Interesting Booklet.

Among the many direct-by-mail
units of the campaign consistently
maintained by The Mergenthaler
Linotype Company, “ 12,220 Ems an
Hour, a Sequel to 10,400 Ems an
Hour,” is especially interesting. Be¬
neath the words of the title-page, the
following explanatory matter appears:
“ Continuing the story of the remark¬
able strings being secured from
multiple-magazine linotypes by oper¬
ators on the Chicago Tribune .” There
is the keynote of the story, for the
booklet details the experiences of the

publishers of the Tribune with lino¬
type machines, and, in particular, how
the record of the composing-room was
made by one night operator, who set
88,595 ems in seven and one-half
hours, an average of 12,220 an hour;
how another operator piled up a rec¬
ord of 11,766 ems an hour; and about
other instances of exceptional speed.
Naturally, this is good advertising for
the linotype, especially since it is
stated that the composition was done
under normal conditions.

Advance proofs have been mailed
by the company, showing the eight,
ten and eleven point sizes of a new
series, Elzevir No. 3.

Sinclair & Valentine Company Pre¬
sent Thrift Cards to Employees.

As a means of cooperating with the
Government in urging thrift, and also
as an incentive to saving among its
employees, the Sinclair & Valentine
Company recently presented “ thrift ”
cards to all in its employ. Each card
had a 25-cent thrift stamp attached,
and was accompanied by the following
announcement:

“As an incentive to invest, you will
receive a 25-cent stamp attached to a
$5 “ thrift ” card. Write your name
and address on this card so that it will
be returned if lost. In order to be of
value, this card must be filled and ex¬
changed during 1918. While “ thrift ”
stamp and card are presented with our
compliments, it is done with a desire
to have you know just how they should
be handled. See what you can do
toward saving a penny or two each
day toward purchasing additional
stamps. Your foreman or the pay¬
master will gladly give you further
information regarding these stamps.”

This is not the first effort of the
Sinclair & Valentine Company in this
direction. The plan of aiding the em¬
ployees to purchase Liberty bonds was
described in our last issue, and other
methods have been put into practice
which show that cooperation is the
keynote among this company and its
employees.

Harry Rowley with the Hamilton
Manufacturing Company.

Harry Rowley, formerly general
manager of the Keystone Type Foun¬
dry, has accepted the position of gen¬
eral sales manager for the Hamilton
Manufacturing Company, Two Rivers,
Wisconsin, assuming his new duties
December 1. A practical printer, and
for many years a recognized high-
class salesman, Mr. Rowley knows the
requirements of printers thoroughly
and goes to his new connection with

a long experience in dealing not only
with printers, but also with branch
managers and salesmen.

Born in Illinois, the son of a coun¬
try-newspaper publisher, Mr. Rowley
entered the printing business at an
early age. At sixteen he started out
for himself, leaving for the Far West.
He stopped off at Omaha, Nebraska,

Harry Rowley, Sales Manager Hamilton
Manufacturing Company.

to visit relatives, and while there se¬
cured a position with the job-printing
firm of Klopp & Bartlett Company. A
year later he became associated with
the Rees Printing Company, of Omaha,
remaining with that concern for
twelve years. He then joined his
fortunes with the George H. Lee Com¬
pany, a young and prosperous manu¬
facturing concern of Omaha, his
special task being to create an adver¬
tising department for the sale of the
company’s products. In a short time
he was made manager of the manu¬
facturing and selling departments,
and within three years was promoted
to vice-president and general manager.

In 1912 he was offered and accepted
the position of sales manager of the
Keystone Type Foundry. The results
of his management soon led to his ap¬
pointment as assistant general man¬
ager and later as general manager.

In going to the Hamilton Company,
Mr. Rowley will give direct attention
to efficiency methods, and will organ¬
ize the efficiency service of the com¬
pany into a working unit. He assumes
his new position with a clear record
of success, and his understanding of
the requirements of printers will be
sure to add new laurels to his career.

THE INLAND PRINTER

539

John McGovern.

Another member of the ranks of the
old-time printers of Chicago, one who
has had a large part in making the
history of the industry in this city and
thereby has gained a position of honor
and respect among all with whom he
came in contact, has passed on. John
McGovern, not only a printer and.
newspaper man, but also a well-known
author, started his career in Chicago
during the sixties, at which time he
started work as a compositor on The
Tribune. Later, he held a situation
as proofreader and was then promoted
to the position of night editor. His
connection with The Tribune covered
a period of sixteen years, after which
he became chief editorial writer on
The Herald. He retired from news¬
paper work during the early eighties
and since that time devoted his efforts
to literary work and lecturing.

Mr. McGovern gained distinction as
a literary man while acting in the
capacity of an expert for Samuel
Eberly Gross, in his famous suit
against Edmond Rostand, in which the
courts sustained the contention that
Rostand’s “ Cyrano de Bergerac ” was
pilfered from “ The Merchant Prince
of Cornville,” written by Gross. His
writing's and lectures covered a wide
field. He was noted as a lecturer on
Andree, Rousseau, Shakespeare, Marie
Antoinette, Lincoln, Carlyle’s “French
Revolution,” and “ The United Breth¬
ren — Wilbur and Orville.” His writ¬
ings include, among many others,
“ Golden Censer,” “ Toiler’s Diadem,”
“ Daniel Trentworthy,” “ Burritt Du¬
rand,” “ American Statesmen,” “ Fa¬
mous Women of the World,” “ John
McGovern’s Poems,” “ Fireside Uni¬
versity,” and a number of novels
which were published as serials in
newspapers.

For a number of years Mr. McGov¬
ern held a prominent place in the
activities of the Press Club of Chi¬
cago, being a charter member and
serving as financial secretary during
1884. He was a close friend of Henry
0. Shepard, founder of The Henry O.
Shepard and The Inland Printer Com¬
panies, and at one time frequently

contributed articles to the pages of

The Inland Printer.

Mr. McGovern was born at Troy,
New York, on February 18, 1850. He
had been in poor health for the past
two years, and his death occurred at
his home, 632 North Central avenue,
on Monday, December 17. Funeral
services were held at Kampp’s chapel
on Wednesday, December 19, a large
number from the Press Club and the
newspaper and printing fraternities
gathering to pay their last respects.

Harrison P. Warrener.

In the death of Harrison P. War¬
rener, secretary and general manager
and one of the directors of the
Whitaker Paper Company, Cincinnati,
Ohio, the paper and printing indus¬
tries have suffered a severe loss.

No better tribute can be paid to the
worth and character of any man than
the high esteem of his associates and
fellow workers, and that this was the
possession of Mr. W arrener is shown
by the record entered upon the minutes
of the Board of Directors of the com¬
pany at a special meeting called for
that purpose, which we give here in
full:

It was an Ohio poet who wrote :

There is no {dory worth a moment's thought

Save that which links the memory of a man
To some fair order out of Chaos wrought

By him creating on Creation's plan.

His work it is that lifts the human life ;

While others lead by law's and battle's might.
He rises into calm above the strife

And sets new guiding stars along the night.

Such is the glory that illumines the memory
of Harrison P. Warrener. It is the crowning
glory of a life that lifted the human life at
every contact. His memory is linked to the
fair order which he wrought out of the chaos
of circumstance — a memory that is calm,
serene, beautiful, triumphant, a beacon to
guide us through the darkness of desolation
that descended upon us when he went hence.

Harrison P. Warrener was born in Athens
County, Ohio, on the twenty-sixth day of April,
1877. He died in Cincinnati on the third day
of November, 1917.

Within the brief compass of forty years he
achieved greatly. His career was one of ser¬
vice in the business, the social, the educational
and the spiritual life of the communities in
which he lived.

Mr. Warrener was one of the founders of
this company. The impress of his genius and
of his noble personality has been made on every
member of our organization and every aspect

of our business. To attempt to chronicle his
contributions to our common cause would be
to belittle them. They transcend the limita¬
tions of our words.

Beautiful in form and feature, masterful in
intellect, resolute and courageous in action.

Harrison P. Warrener.

steadfast in justice, loyal in friendship, pure in
heart, compassionate, gentle, lovable, he lived
— and his life was a Beatitude.

We who have known him intimately and
who have loved him, realize the greatness of
our loss and bow in solemn sympathy for those
of his own flesh and blood.

His work is finished. We have come together
today to pay our tribute of honor and affection
to his memory. We are left desolate by his
going. But we are grateful for the legacy of
noble example which he has bequeathed to us.
He is not dead ! For death can only claim

Those who have lived their lives for self alone
Or walked with Sin ; and he whose very name

We love had naught for which death should
atone.

There is no God ! ” we cry, when, wrung with
pain,

Our hearts rebel, and eyes with tears are dim ;
Yet his own life was refutation plain —

No one but God could have created him !

Committee: Bryant Venable, D. E. Barry,
W. C. McLaughlin.

In addition to his important position
with the Whitaker Paper Company,
Mr. Warrener was also a director of
the Union Central Life Insurance
Company and a member of the Board
of Trustees of the Marietta College.
He is survived by his widow and an
infant son.

540

THE INLAND PRINTER

PRINTER

WANT ADVERTISEMENTS

THE INLAND

Harry Hillman, Editor.

Published monthly by

THE INLAND PRINTER COMPANY

632 Sherman Street, Chicago, U. S. A.

Address all Communications to The Inland Printer Company.

Vol. GO. JANUARY, 1918. No. 4

The Inland Printer is issued promptly on the first of each month.
It aims to furnish the latest and most authoritative information on all
matters relating to the printing-trades and allied industries. Contribu¬
tions are solicited and prompt remittance made for all acceptable matter.

Members of Audit Bureau of Circulations ; Associated Business
Papers, Inc. ; Chicago Trade Press Association ; National Editorial Asso¬
ciation ; Graphic Arts Association Departmental of the Associated Adver¬
tising Clubs of the World; New York Master Printers’ Association:
Printers’ Supplymen’s Club of Chicago ; Advertising Association of
Chicago.

SUBSCRIPTION RATES.

One year, $3.00; six months, $1.50; payable always in advance. Sample
copies, 30 cents; none free.

Foreign Subscriptions. — • To Canada, postage prepaid, three dollars and
fifty cents ; to all other countries within the postal union, postage
prepaid, three dollars and eighty-five cents, or sixteen shillings, per
annum in advance. Make foreign money orders payable to The
Inland Printer Company. No foreign postage stamps accepted.
Important.— Foreign money orders received in the United States do not
bear the name of the sender. Foreign subscribers should be careful
to send letters of advice at same time remittance is sent, to insure
proper credit.

Single copies may be obtained from all news-dealers and typefounders
throughout the United States and Canada, and subscriptions may be
made through the same agencies.

Patrons will confer a favor by sending us the names of responsible
news-dealers who do not keep it on sale.

ADVERTISING RATES.

The Inland Printer reserves the right to reject any advertisement
for cause.

FOREIGN AGENTS.

John Haddon & Co., Bouverie House, Salisbury square. Fleet street,
London, E. C., England.

Raithby, Lawrence & Co. (Limited), De Montfort Press, Leicester,
England.

Raithby, Lawrence & Co. (Limited), Thanet House, 231 Strand, Lon¬
don, W. C., England.

Penrose & Co., 109 Farringdon Road, London, E. C., England.

Wm. Dawson & Sons, Cannon House, Breams buildings, London, E. C.,
England.

Alex. Cowan & Sons (Limited), General Agents, Melbourne, Sydney
and Adelaide, Australia.

Alex. Cowan & Sons (Limited), Wellington, New Zealand.

F. T. Wimble & Co., 87 Clarence street, Sydney, N. S. W.

H. Calmels, 150 Boulevard du Montparnasse, Paris, France.

John Dickinson & Co. (Limited), Cape Town, Durban and Johannes¬
burg, South Africa.

Jean Van Overstraeten, 3 rue Villa Hermosa, Brussels, Belgium.

A. Oudshoorn, 23 Avenue de Gravelle, Charenton, France.

Prices for this department: 40 cents per line; minimum charge, 80
cents. Under “ Situations Wanted,” 25 cents per line ; minimum charge,
50 cents. Count ten words to the line. Address to be counted. Price
invariably the same whether one or more insertions are taken. Cash
must accompany the order. The insertion of ads received in Chicago
later than the fifteenth of the month preceding publication not guar¬
anteed. We can not send copies of The Inland Printer free to classified
advertisers.

BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES.

OFFICIAL NOTICE — In compliance with Section <50, Constitution and
By-Laws of the Sovereign Camp, Woodmen of the World, proposals
to print and deliver at its office in Omaha, Nebraska, blanks, blank-
books, stationery, advertising leaflets, constitutions and by-laws, receipts,
blank applications, etc., as needed during the year 1918, ai’e invited.
Specifications and conditions will be furnished on application to W. A.
Fraser, Sovereign Commander, and John T. Yates, Sovereign Clerk,
W. O. W. building, Omaha, Neb., and will be submitted at the first
meeting in 1918 of the Sovereign Executive Council, it being understood
that should any or all of the bids submitted be unsatisfactory, they may
be rejected and proposals again invited. W. A. FRASER, JOHN T.
YATES. Supply Committee. Sovereign Camp, Woodmen of the World,
Omaha, Neb., October 1, 1917.

FOR SALE — Printing-plant, consisting of pony cylinder, 4 jobbers.
Miller feeder, power cutter, Boston stitcher, Portland punch,
perforating-machine, cabinets, serviceable type-faces, imposing-stones,
motors and gas engine : will inventory at about $5,000 : will sell at
invoice ; located in Pittsburgh district ; ground floor ; will sell or lease
building. J 565.

FOR SALE — One of the best job-printing plants in Connecticut ; 2

cylinders, 3 jobbers, 1 linotype, plenty type and equipment ; worth
over $17,000 ; good-will 25 years, worth over $5,000 ; active accounts on
books worth $4,000 to $5,000 a year ; largest plant in the city ; terms
arranged. If interested, state amount you can pay down. J 562.

FOR SALE — Printing-plant and bindery, equipped to do all classes of
w'ork, including fine half-tone and color work ; individual motor
equipment throughout ; business capacity about $65,000 yearly ; located
in manufacturing city near Boston ; will sell for one-half cash and
favorable terms on balance. J 438.

JOB-SHOP, prospering in thriving Connecticut city, for sale; rent
very low ; situated in heart business section ; completely equipped for
commercial work ; $500 — ■ $175 down, balance easy terms ; opportunity
for young printer ; reason — sick owner. BROCK, 491 Atlantic, Stam¬
ford, Conn.

PRESSMAN, owning and operating modern four-press plant in Brook¬
lyn, N. Y., wishes to connect with compositor who is an outside and
office man, good salesman, estimator, and can install and operate a cost
department ; object — - partnership. J 566.

FOR SALE — Complete printing outfit: 12 by 18 C. & P. press, 25-inch
Peerless Gem cutter, motor, stapler, type, etc. : or will lease shop ;
reason — - retiring from doing our own printing. CENTURY FURNACE
CO., Youngstown, Ohio.

FOR SALE — Well-equipped 3-platen press printing-plant, doing fine
business ; city of 40,000, southern California ; expect draft call.
J 457.

FOR SALE — • Best paying two-machine trade linotyping shop in south¬
ern California ; would sell half interest to right party. J 563.

NEWSPAPER FOR SALE- — -In southeast Colorado; $3,500 business;
$3,500 price, terms. For particulars, address J 553.

JOB-PRINTING OFFICE for sale cheap, in good county-seat of Indiana;
price, $3,500. J 409.

ENGRAVING METHODS.

FOR SALE.

FOR SALE — Nearly new or well-rebuilt printing machinery; our
stock is large, so can not mention all our bargains. Miehles: 35 by
50, No. 2, $2,000; 39 by 53. No. 1, $2,750; Huber Hodgmans, nearly
new, 26 by 38, 4-roller, $1,700 ; 46 by 62 at $2,400 ; 46 by 66 at $2,750 ;
45-inch Knowlton board-cutter, $450 : pony cylinders: 23 by 28 Camp¬
bell, 26 by 32 Optimus, 26 by 35 Huber. Buy the new Lee press, 26 by
38, for $975. Large stock jobbers, paper-cutters, stitchers, outfits and
materials. WANNER MACHINERY CO., Chicago.

Megill’s Patent

SPRING TONGUE GAUGE PINS

MEGILL’S PATENT

Automatic Register Gauge

Megill’s Patent
DOUBLE-GRIP GAUGES

E. L. MEGILL, Pat. and Mfr.

60 Duane Street NEW ^ ORK

From us or your dealer. Free booklets.

QUICK ON

Send for booklet this and other styles.

VISE GRIP

Send for booklet this and other styles.

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

THE INLAND PRINTER

541

FOR SALE — - Secondhand Kidder all-size adjustable rotary press, size
43 by 56 inches, minimum sheet 26 by 34 inches, cuts anything be¬
tween : prints two colors on top and one color on reverse side of the
web ; has traveling" offset web and can do 133-line screen half-tone print¬
ing ; machine in A-l condition, with complete equipment ; immediate
delivery. GIBBS-BROWER CO., 261 Broadway, New York city.

ENTIRE EQUIPMENT, paper stock and Ruxton inks; one Miehle No.

4, extension delivery; 3 autopresses, 11 by 17 ; 3 jobbers, 8 by 12 ;
big stock of white writing and coated book papers, mostly 22 by 34 — 40 ;
type at 27 cents per pound : prefer to sell as a whole. AUTO PRINT
CO., 115 S. Seventh st., Louisville, Ky.

FOR SALE — A number of Kimble varying speed. 220-volt A. C.

printing-press motors, %, %, % and 1 h. p., motors in very good con¬
dition : also 1 monotype Kimble motor with automatic governor, 220-
volt, A. C. ALFRED L. BROWN, 31 N. Foster st., Worcester, Mass.

FOR SALE — Seven-column, 4-roller , front-fly delivery, 2-i-evolution
Campbell press, size of bed 39 by 52 inches : in first-class running
condition, doing all grades of work, excellent for country newspaper ;
big bargain for some one. MAC PRESS, New Haven, Conn.

FOR SALE — Whitlock 2-revolution press, 4 form-rollers, bed 29 by 42;

also Hoe 2-revolution press, 4-roller, size of bed 40 by 60 : guaranteed
in first-class condition ; will trade in part payment. PRESTON, 49A
Purchase, Boston.

FOR SALE — Plimpton gathering-machine, with 24 pockets, with West-
inghouse motor No. 2, Type “ S,” 4 h. p., 500 volts, direct current.
If interested, write BUSHONG & COMPANY. Park and Stark sts., Port¬
land, Ore.

FOR SALE — One Babcock Optimus cylinder press, 25 by 38 ; practi¬
cally as good as new ; will sacrifice for immediate sale ; also wire-
stitcher and power punch. QUINCY PAPER BOX CO., Quincy, Ill.

FOR SALE — One of American Type Founders Company's Kelly presses,
automatic feed ; reason for selling — find machine not suited to our
line; new machine. HUBBARD PRINTERY, Richmond, Ind.

BOOKBINDERS' MACHINERY — Rebuilt Nos. 3 and 4 Smyth book¬
sewing machines, thoroughly overhauled and in first-class order.
JOSEPH E. SMYTH, 638 Federal st., Chicago.

LINOTYPE — Three Model 1 machines, with complete equipment of
molds, magazines and matrices. NEW HAVEN UNION CO., New
Haven, Conn.

LINOTYPE — Model No. 1, Serial No. 8011, with one magazine, liner,
ejector-blades, font of matrices. TRIBUNE PRINTING CO., Charles¬
ton, W. Va.

LINOTYPE — Model 5 (rebuilt from Model 3), No. 7286 ; molds, mat¬
rices, liners and blades. SUNSET PUBLISHING HOUSE, San Fran¬
cisco, Cal.

FOR SALE — Linotype keyboard typewriters. Smith Premier visible and,
non-visible models. O. C. WINIvRANS & CO., 53 W. Jackson st.,
Chicago.

FOR SALE — One large “ Dayton ” cutter, absolutely new ; motor
drive ; must be sacrificed with other equipment. BOX 283, Belmont-,

LINOTYPE — -Model 2, Serial No. 706; 1 motor, 1 magazine, 8 fonts of
matrices. ARYAN THEOSOPHICAL PRESS, Point Loma, Cal.

LINOTYPE — Model 1, Serial No. 6605; 1 magazine, 1 mold and 1 font
of matrices. METROPOLITAN PRESS, Seattle, Wash.

MULTICOLOR PRESS, used but little, good as new ; price $200. F. J.
FINCK, 310% W. Commerce st., San Antonio, Tex.

FOR SALE — ■ Autopress, 11 by 17, very little used, as good as new; will
sell cheap. LUTZ & STAHL, Keokuk, Iowa.

JOHN THOMSON JOBBERS for sale; 10 by 15 and 13 by 19; good
condition. What offer? J 494.

FOR SALE — One 14 by 22 Colt's Armory press in first-class condition.
J 520.

HELP WANTED.

_ Bindery.

BINDERY FOREMAN WANTED — Must have practical experience in
BLANK-BOOK STOCK WORK, able to handle help to best advantage
and have a thorough understanding of the value of time ; state age,
experience and previous employment. Address in first instance JAS. H.
JOHNSTON, P. O. Box 609, Montreal, Can.

Composing-Room.

WANTED — Foreman medium-sized plant ; must have positive charac¬
ter and be able to drive jobs through commercial job and catalogue
plant without delay ; practical printer and systematizer ; state experience
and wages desired. J 556.

WORKING FOREMAN — First-class compositor, with thorough knowl¬
edge of make-up and stonework ; qualified to lay out and set up jobs
in a distinctive manner ; medium-size plant. P. O. BOX 983, Tampa, Fla.

Cost Clerk.

WANTED — A young man between 30 and 40 years of age, who thor¬
oughly understands costwork in connection with a good-size job¬
printing and binding plant which employs 125 hands ; prefer a man who
is familiar with the United Typothetse Standard cost system ; when
applying, give references, state age, whether married or single, and what
salary you would expect. J 561.

Instructor.

WANTED — - A first-class instructor in printing in a School for Boys ;

man and wife without children preferred ; man to take charge of
cottage for boys and instruct in printing ; wife to act as cottage matron ;
permanent positions to right parties. Apply to the Superintendent of
the Maryland School for Boys, Loch Raven, Md.

Managers and Superintendents.

SUPERINTENDENT WANTED — Practical, all-around man, capable
of handling small force of men ; shop has $15,000 equipment, consist¬
ing of rotary presses, punches, platemaking machinery, etc., and spe¬
cializes on loose-leaf devices, office and factory forms ; position will pay
$40 per week and superintendent will be taken in as a partner in the
business if able to invest $2,000 or more ; business is just being estab¬
lished in a large city in the Middle States and will have no similarly
equipped competitor nearer than 300 miles ; excellent opening for a prac¬
tical, industrious man ; president of company has had long experience as
head of large business. J 554.

Pressroom.

ATTENTION — POSITION IS OPEN FOR A FIRST-CLASS CYLIN¬
DER PRESSMAN, CAPABLE OF TAKING CHARGE OF A
SMALL PRESSROOM ; WANT HIM TO TAKE SMALL INTEREST
IN A PROFITABLE BUSINESS TO INSURE HIS CO-OPERATION
FOR HIS AND OUR BEST INTERESTS. J 480.

Proofroom.

PROOFREADER — - First-class proofreader on book and job work ; must
be competent ; steady work and correct salary. Apply by letter,
TRIBUNE PRINTING CO., Charleston, Kanawha County, W. Va.

ILLUSTRATIONS.

ILLUSTRATIONS — New ideas by the square-inch rate. Investigate.
E. ARVING WHITWORTH, 4141 Indiana ave., Chicago.

INSTRUCTION.

LINOTYPE INSTRUCTION — 17 Mergenthalers ; evenings; $5 weekly;

day course (special), 9 hours daily, 7 weeks, $80; three months
course, $150: 10 years of constant improvement; every possible advan¬
tage ; no dummy keyboards, all actual linotype practice ; keyboards
free; call or write. EMPIRE MERGENTHALER LINOTYPE SCHOOL,
133-137 East 16th st., New York city.

HOW TO PRINT upwards of 100 different kinds of advertising articles
on a press that costs about 20 cents to make ; in use by us for over
25 years; satisfaction guaranteed. Write. GLOBE GLASS CO., Wells-
burg, W. Va.

SITUATIONS WANTED.

Artists.

YOUNG MAN with art talent desires position in art department of
engraving-house to learn illustrating, commercial designing. J 557.

Bindery.

BOOKBINDER, first-class, all-around man, finisher, stamper, marbler
and forwarder, wants position. J 368.

Composing-Room.

A COMPETENT PRINTER (compositor), with literary and executive
ability, desires position with a firm doing catalogue, publication, diffi¬
cult dictionary or commercial work in foreign languages ; familiar with
hand and machine composition, also modern engraving methods ; can
edit copy, read proof, design high-grade layouts, prepare dummies, color
sketches, etc. ; original, energetic, inventive ; Chicago preferred. J 564.

MONOTYPE KEYBOARD OPERATOR, with some experience on caster,
desires steady position ; thoroughly experienced, all-around printer ;
willing to work part time on floor ; exempt from draft ; 28, married ;
go anywhere. J 296.

All matters of current interest to Process Workers and Electrotypers are dealt with month
by month, and both British and Foreign ideas as to theory and practice are intelligently
and comprehensively dealt with. Special columns devoted to Questions and Answers, for
which awards are given. It is also the official organ of the Penrose Employment Bureau.
PER ANNUM, $0.72, Post-free. Specimen Copy, Post-free, $0,08.

Specimen copies can also be obtained from The Inland Printer Company upon request.

— — — ■ — - . A limited space is available for approved advertisements; for scale of charges apply to the Publishers.

The Journal for all up-to-dale Process Workers Published by A.W. PENROSE & Co., Ltd., 109 Farringdon Road, LONDON, E.C.

PROCESS
WORK

— and
Electrotyping

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

542

THE INLAND PRINTER

DESIGN AND LAYOUT WORK — By compositor of many years’ prac¬
tical experience on high-class advertising literature, catalogue, publi¬
cation and color work ; good executive, systematic ; union. J 317.

WANTED — Permanent position by monotype keyboard operator; 3
years' newspaper experience ; union. J 560.

Managers and Superintendents.

COMPOSING-ROOM FOREMAN, Designing, Superintendent — Thor¬
ough printer, 18 years’ high-class composition, catalogue, publication,
color work, advertising literature : 10 years foreman ; ability to handle

men ; good systematizer ; union. J 534.

Pressroom.

DEPENDABLE young printer, with an established job business, desires
to correspond with one who knows the offset business, with a view to
establishing an offset business in an absolutely open field. J 559.

PRESSROOM FOREMAN, capable executive, expert color man, at pres¬
ent employed by first-class New York house, desires to make change.
J 490

CYLINDER PRESSMAN, experienced on high-grade presswork, desires
to make change ; steady, reliable, married man ; union. J 550.

PRESSMAN, cylinder and job, experienced in all grades of work, wishes
permanent position ; married ; best of references. J 418.

Proofroom.

PROOFREADER — First-class, with 10 years’ experience on scientific
and technical books and periodicals, desires permanent position. J 558.

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

WANTED — Secondhand Kidder roll-feed, bed and platen presses, of
any size or type, with or without special attachments. GIBBS-
BROWER CO., 261 Broadway, New York city.

WANTED — Kast or Christensen stitcher for stitching booklets two-on.
THE PUBLISHERS PRESS. Atlanta, Ga.

BUSINESS DIRECTORY.

Advertising Blotters.

PRINT BLOTTERS for yourself — the best advertising medium for
printers. We furnish handsome color-plate, strong wording and
complete “ layout ” — new design each month. Write today for free
samples and particulars. CHAS. L. STILES, 230 N. 3d st., Columbus,
Ohio.

Brass-Type Founders.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

Calendar-Pads.

Carbon Black.

CABOT, GODFREY L. — See advertisement.

Casemaking and Embossing.

SHEPARD, THE HENRY O., COMPANY, 632 Sherman st., Chicago.
Write for estimates.

Chase Manufacturers.

BARNHART BROTHERS & SPINDLER — Electric-welded silver-gloss
steel chases, guaranteed forever. See Typefounders.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE — Steel chases for all
printing purposes. See Typefounders.

Copper and Zinc Prepared for Half-Tone and Zinc Etching.

THE AMERICAN STEEL & COPPERPLATE CO., 101-111 Fail-mount
av., Jersey City, N. J. ; 116 Nassau st., New York city; 610 Federal
st., Chicago, Ill. ; 3 Pemberton row, London, E. C., England.

NATIONAL STEEL & COPPERPLATE COMPANY. 542 South Dear¬
born st., Chicago, Ill.: 805 Flatiron bldg.. New York city; 1101 Lo¬
cust st., St. Louis, Mo. ; 12 East Second st., Cincinnati, Ohio.

Counting Machines.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO. — See Typefounders.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE — See Typefounders.
Cylinder Presses.

BARNHART BROTHERS & SPINDLER — See Typefounders.

Eleetrotypers’ and Stereotypers’ Machinery.

THE OSTRANDER-SEYMOUR CO., general offices, Tribune bldg., Chi¬
cago. Eastern office, 38 Park row, New York. Send for catalogue.

HOE, R., & CO., New York. Printing, stereotyping and electrotyping
machinery. Chicago offices, 544-546 S. Clark st.

Embossing Composition.

STEWART'S EMBOSSING BOARD — Easy to use, hardens like iron;

6 by 9 inches, 3 for 40c, 6 for 60c, 12 for $1, postpaid. THE INLAND
PRINTER COMPANY, Chicago. _

Embossing Dies and Stamping Dies.

CHARLES WAGENFOHR, Sr., 140 West Broadway, New York. Dies
and stamps for printers, lithographers and binders.

Hot-Die Embossing.

GOLDING MFG. CO., Franklin, Mass. Our Hot Embosser facilitates
embossing on any job-press ; prices, $40 to $90.

Ink-Fountain.

THE NEW CENTURY ink-fountain, for sale by all dealers in type and
printers’ supplies. WAGNER MFG. CO., Scranton, Pa.

Job Printing-Presses.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

BARNHART BROTHERS & SPINDLER — See Typefounders.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE — See Typefounders.

GOLDING MFG. CO., Franklin, Mass. Golding and Pearl.

Motors and Accessories for Printing Machinery.

SPRAGUE ELECTRIC WORKS, 527 W. 34th st., New York. Electric
equipment for printing-presses and allied machines a specialty.

Numbering Machines.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE — See Typefounders.

Paper-Cutters.

OSWEGO MACHINE WORKS, Oswego, New York. Cutters exclu¬
sively. The Oswego, and Brown and Carver and Ontario.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

BARNHART BROTHERS & SPINDLER — See Typefounders.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE — See Typefounders.

GOLDING MFG. CO., Franklin, Mass. Golding and Pearl.

Perforators.

F. P. ROSBACK CO., Benton Harbor, Mich. Perforating machines of
all kinds, styles and sizes.

Photoengravers’ Machinery and Supplies.

THE OSTRANDER-SEYMOUR CO., general offices, Tribune bldg., Chi¬
cago. Eastern office, 38 Park row. New York. Send for catalogue.

Photoengravers’ Metal, Chemicals and Supplies.

NATIONAL STEEL & COPPERPLATE COMPANY, 542 South Dear¬
born st., Chicago, Ill. : 805 Flatiron bldg., New York city : 1101 Lo¬
cust st., St. Louis, Mo. ; 212 East Second st., Cincinnati, Ohio.

Photoengravers’ Screens.

LEVY, MAX, Wayne av. and Berkeley st., Wayne Junction, Philadel¬
phia, Pa.

Presses.

HOE, R., & CO.. New York. Printing, stereotyping and electrotyping
machinery. Chicago offices, 544-546 S. Clark st.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE — See Typefounders.

Printers’ Rollers and Roller Composition.

BINGHAM’S, SAM’L, SON MFG. CO., 636-704 Sherman st., Chicago ;

also 514-518 Clark av., St. Louis; 88-90 South 13th st., Pittsburgh;
706-708 Baltimore av., Kansas City; 40-42 Peters st., Atlanta, Ga. ;
151-153 Kentucky av., Indianapolis; 1306-1308 Patterson av., Dallas,
Tex. ; 719-721 Fourth st., S. ; Minneapolis. Minn. ; 609-611 Chestnut st.,
Des Moines, Iowa ; Shuey Factories Bldg., Springfield, Ohio.

BINGHAM BROTHERS COMPANY. 406 Pearl st.. New York ; also
131 Colvin st., Baltimore, Md. ; 521 Cherry st., Philadelphia, and 89
Allen st., Rochester, N. Y.

Allied Firm:

Bingham & Runge, East 12th st. and Powers av., Cleveland. Ohio.

WILD & STEVENS, INC., 5 Purchase st., cor. High, Boston, Mass.
Established 1850.

Printers’ Steel Equipment.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE, originators and
manufacturers of steel equipment for complete printing-plants. See
Typefounders.

Printers’ Supplies.

BARNHART BROTHERS & SPINDLER — See Typefounders.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE — See Typefounders.

Printing Machinery, Rebuilt.

BARNHART BROTHERS & SPINDLER — See Typefounders.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE — See Typefounders.
Printing Machinery, Secondhand.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE — See Typefounders.

Printing Material.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE — See Typefounders.

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

THE INLAND PRINTER

543

Punching Machines.

F. P. ROSBACK CO., Benton Harbor, Mich. Multiplex punching ma¬
chines for round, open or special shaped holes.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE — See Typefounders.

Rebuilt Printing-Presses.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

GOLDING MFG. CO., Franklin, Mass. All makes. Big values.

Roughing Machines.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

Static Neutralizers.

THOMPSON STATIC NEUTRALIZER eliminates electricity in paper.
Sole manufacturers K. K. Dispeller. 223 W. Erie st., Chicago.

Stereotyping Outfits.

A COLD SIMPLEX STEREOTYPING OUTFIT produces finest book
and job plates, and your type is not in danger of ruin by heat : also
easy engraving method costing only $3 with materials, by which en¬
graved plates are cast in stereo metal from drawings on cardboard.

Typecasting Machines.

THOMPSON TYPE MACHINE CO., the Thompson typecaster, 223 W.
Erie st., Chicago ; 38 Park row, New York.

Typefounders.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO., original designs in type and deco¬
rative material, greatest output, most complete selection. Dealer in
wood type, printing machinery and printers' supplies of all kinds.
Send to nearest house for latest type specimens. Houses — Boston, 270
Congress st. ; New York, 200 William st. ; Philadelphia, 17 S. 6th st. ;
Baltimore, 215 Guilford av. ; Richmond. 1320 E. Franklin st. : Atlanta,
24 S. Forsyth st. ; Buffalo, 45 N. Division st. ; Pittsburgh, 323 3d av. ;
Cleveland, 15 St. Clair av., N.-E. ; Cincinnati, 646 Main st. ; St. Louis,
23 S. 9th st. ; Chicago, 210 W. Monroe st. ; Detroit, 43 W. Congress st. :
Kansas City, 10th and Wyandotte sts. ; Minneapolis, 419 4th st. ; Denver,
1621 Blake st. ; Los Angeles, 121 N. Broadway; San Francisco, 820 Mis¬
sion st. ; Portland, 47 4th st. ; Spokane, 340 Sprague av. ; Winnipeg,
Can., 175 McDermot av.

BARNHART BROTHERS & SPINDLER, manufacturers and origina¬
tors of type-faces, borders, ornaments, cuts, electric-welded chases,
all-brass galleys and other printers’ supplies. Houses at — Chicago,
Dallas, Kansas City, St. Paul, Washington, D. C., St. Louis, Omaha,
Seattle.

HANSEN, H. C., TYPE FOUNDRY (established 1872), 190-192 Con¬
gress st., Boston ; 535-547 Pearl st., cor. Elm, New York.

LET US estimate on your type requirements. EMPIRE TYPE FOUN¬
DRY, Buffalo, N. Y.

Wire-Stitehers.

F. P. ROSBACK CO., Benton Harbor, Mich. Stitchers of all sizes, flat
and saddle, % to 1 inch, inclusive. Flat only, 1 to 2 inches.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

Wood Goods.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

New and Rebuilt Printing Machinery

Printers’ Supplies Job Presses Folding Machines
Paper Cutters Electric Welding Cylinder Presses

R. W. HARTNETT CO., 402-4-6 Race St.

Philadelphia. Pa.

ECONOMY STEEL
TIERING MACHINES

enable one man to lift heavy boxes, bales,
barrels and rolls, clear to ceiling’s height.
Built to operate by hand, electric or pneu¬
matic power. Portable, safe and simple.

New Designs and Improvements.

It will pay you to get full information.

ECONOMY ENGINEERING COMPANY

423 So. Washtenaw Ave., Chicago

$7,000 Meisel Press, $3,500

A fast specialty press capable of turning out 2,000,000
“movie” tickets per day. A line opportunity to engage
in a profitable line at a great saving in initial investment.
Demonstration by appointment.

iz- 11 r* - r- 297-309 Lafayette St.

Keller Printing Company, Y ,

THE HOFFMAN ADJUSTABLE

ARTIST DRAWING STAND

(PATENTED)

Instantly adjustable to any angle, from horizontal to
vertical. Any height to draw, standing or sitting.
The board revolves. Collapsible. Weighs but 12
lbs., yet strong and rigid. Handsomely finished.
The ideal drawing stand for newspaper and commer¬
cial artists A time saver. It aids efficiency.

Write for Booklet No. 14 a. HOFFMAN CO., 11 Arnold Park, Rochester, N. Y.

LEARN MAKE $5,000.00 A YEAR

A f-v'.TTl'mpTfVTXl/'I Write for “Free Personal Analysis
J\ | J V l~b rV I lOlINtj Blank.” If our Vocational Director

will accept you, then you can succeed
in advertising. Ten practical business men will teach you the underlying principles
of this profession. They can save you ten years’ time. You learn by doing. Write
for booklet, “ Poverty to 810,000.00 a Year,” and “ Free Personal Analysis Blank.”
GEORGE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE

(Successors to Bryant & Stratton School of Advertising) 2*241 Bryant & Stratton HI da., Chicago

B. A.Wesche Electric Co.

327 E. Sixth St., Cincinnati, Ohio.

Manufacturers of Direct and Alternating Current Vari¬
able Speed Motors for all kinds of printing presses.
Constant Speed Motors for paper cutters, etc.

Write for Information and Prices.

ROUGHING

Let us handle the occasional job
of this character for you. Three
and four color half-tone illustra¬
tions, gold-bronze printing and high-grade work of every character is
improved by giving it this stippled effect. All orders entrusted to us are
given prompt attention. Charges reasonable — prices on application.
Write us your needs in this line.

The Henry O. Shepard Co.

The Prod ucNmefer

printing plants all over the country
has eliminated all possibility of mis¬
takes in counting production.

Let us send you one on 30 days’ free trial.
Attachments for any platen press.

Write for new catalog No. 41
DURANT MFG. CO., Milwaukee, Wis.

EMBOSSING IS EASY

If you use STEWART’S EMBOSSING BOARD
Simple, economical, durable
Sheets, 6x9 inches $1.00 a Dozen, postpaid

THE INLAND PRINTER COMPANY

632 Sherman Street, CHICAGO

t EVERY impression is RECORDED

if when presses are equipped with

Redington Counters

Model “D” for C & P presses $5.00 at your dealer. Ask
us about other models for cylinder presses, folding and
other machines where an accurate count is required.

F. B. RKDINGTON CO.. 112 S. Sangamon Street, Chicago

Tht ROGERS LOCKING QUOIN cannot

- s-Wo^oosE

0[Ll\4RED in u’S*A

8 1.75

PER D0Z.

E.B.R0GERS 22 rOUNTAIN ST . ORANGE. MASS.

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

FOR PROMPT SERVICE

PRINTING MACHINERY
and PRINTERS’ SUPPLIES

CARRIED IN STOCK
FOR IMMEDIATE
SHIPMENT BY ALL
SELLING HOUSES
OF THE AMERICAN
TYPE FOUNDERS
COMPANY

THE NEWEST LINE

Hamilton Steel
Equipments for
Printing Plants

ARE THE BEST

"AMERICAN
TYPE THE BEST IN
ANY CASE”

CHANDLER & PRICE PRESSES
CHANDLER 3c PRICE PAPER CUTTERS
DIAMOND PAPER CUTTERS
OSWEGO PAPER CUTTERS
THE HARTFORD PRESS
THE NATIONAL PRESS
BOSTON WIRE STITCHERS
BOSTON STAPLE BINDERS
PORTLAND MULTIPLE PUNCHES
GOLDING MACHINERY
CUT-COST EQUIPMENT
HAMILTON WOOD GOODS

Also a Complete Line of Composing and
Press Room Necessities, including

TYPE, BORDERS & ORNAMENTS
METAL LEADS & SLUGS

IN STRIPS AND CUT

METAL FURNITURE
BRASS RULE

IN STRIPS AND LABOR-SAVING

HAND NUMBERING MACHINES
TYPOGRAPHIC
NUMBERING MACHINES

ANGLE INK KNIVES
AMERICAN PLATE BRUSHES
STAPLESET BENZINE & LYE BRUSHES
ALL-BRASS GALLEYS
PRESSED STEEL STORAGE GALLEYS
RUN-EASY TAPE COUPLERS

American Type Founders Company

LOCATION OF SELLING HOUSES

BOSTON MASS.
NEW YORK CITY
PHILADELPHIA, PA.
BALTIMORE, MD.

RICHMOND, VA.
BUFFALO, N. Y.
PITTSBURGH, PA.
CLEVELAND, OHIO

DETROIT, MICH.
CHICAGO, ILL.
CINCINNATI, OHIO
ST. LOUIS, MO.

MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.
KANSAS CITY, MO.
DENVER, COLO.
LOS ANGELES, CAL.

SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
PORTLAND, ORE.
SPOKANE, WASH.
WINNIPEG, CANADA

Set in members of the Cloister Family

544

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

OVER THE TOP

of all other qualifications for success comes the power to resist destructive forces.
For that reason every bit of material used in construction or manufacture should
be tested for its enduring qualities. This rule applies to Rollers. All of the mate¬
rials used in the manufacture of “ Fibrous” Rollers, and our Lithograph Rollers
are carefully tested. The present scarcity and high price of raw materials make
conservation necessary. Purchasing a set of Rollers that are durable and lasting
will result in a considerable saving of raw materials over those that have to be
recast frequently. Aside from this, it is very satisfactory to have Rollers that
possess sufficient endurance to produce good presswork at high speed and give
continuous service on long runs. Consider these facts carefully, and then order
from any of the five addresses below.

BINGHAM BROTHERS COMPANY

(FOUNDED 1849)

ROLLER MAKERS

Allied with BINGHAM & RUNGE COMPANY, East 12th Street and Power Avenue, Cleveland

New York
(Main Office)
406 Pearl Street

Philadelphia
521 Cherry Street

Rochester
89 Allen Street

Baltimore
131 Colvin Street

l"V

any a banlirupt
taking turn less than a
man tan answer with
rascisasurtjiinhftir
tittnhingituihtnnitt
his occasions require.

£hc 0uara

miu

Designed and hand-lettered by J. L. Frazier.

QUe INLAND PRINTER

Leading Hadejbumal oftAe World
in tRe Printing and Allied Industries

-j:

’i

Vol. 60 FEBRUARY, 1918 No. 5

|f ' FEB 111918

THE FASCINATING GAME OF GUESSING
AT APPROXIMATES

No. i .-By MARTIN HEIR

Y friend, here is where you
and I will get down to cases
and for a minute or two dis¬
cuss one of the most vital
questions which confront us
printers at the present time.
Stated briefly, this question is : How are we to
eliminate guesswork in our estimating? Of late
it has been rumored quite frequently that Tom,
Dick and Harry, of the Haphazard Printing
Company, are in the habit of offering the prod¬
uct of their shop at about sixty cents on the
dollar of the cost of production. As the Hap¬
hazard Printing Company never has been
known for generosity in other respects, as was
quite thoroughly proved in the recent drive
for the second Liberty Loan, it is not easy to
believe that this is their motive. No, the rea¬
son must be sought elsewhere. And as charity
and justice always dictate leniency of judgment
until the culprit has been found guilty, we will
disregard all evil intentions and charge their
misdeeds to ignorance — not alone of actual
hour-costs, but more so of any standard or
basis upon which to figure production.

You all know the new ruling scale of the
Chicago Franklin-Typothetae binders and rul¬
ers. It is a masterpiece in more ways than one,
5-3

but its greatest value is that it is definite. It
leaves no chance for guesswork. It recognizes
the principle of efficiency of production in that
it establishes a definite minimum price for
every operation on a ruling-machine. For in¬
stance, to set the pens for a box-heading, one
four-line fancy and one double, costs thirty
cents. It has evidently been found that thirty
cents will cover the labor cost and overhead for
this operation and give a fair profit. If the
cost of labor can be decreased, the profit is of
necessity increased. As a basis for estimating
you couldn’t wish for anything more definite.

But the story of its coming into being eluci¬
dates the point I wish to impress upon you
better than anything else can do.

One afternoon in the early spring, twenty-
five or thirty representative binders and rulers
gathered around the round table at the Great
Northern Hotel. At a previous meeting the
secretary had been appointed as a committee
of one to confer with the paper jobbers about
a minimum hour rate for ruling. He reported
progress. In fact, he reported that the paper-
supply houses were more than willing to co¬
operate with the binders and rulers. The
enthusiasm that followed this statement ran to
high levels. Everybody cheered. Then some-

6io

THE INLAND PRINTER

February , iqi8

body picked up a piece of ice and threw it
with full force on the table so the ice-cold
water splashed in every direction. Said he:
“Now that we have agreed on the price of the
productive hour, let’s see how it will work in
practice. Suppose we take this hour-cost as a
basis and estimate the cost of ruling ten thou¬
sand letter-size sheets two ways, all faint lines
twelve points apart; all estimates to be made
on blank sheets of paper, folded and handed
to the secretary without being signed.”

Every mother’s son of them made his esti¬
mate — as practical and experienced rulers as
can be found. And when the secretary read
the estimates there was a difference of nearly
four and one-half dollars between the highest
and the lowest. They had all figured with
the same cost per productive hour as a basis,
mind you. The only mistake they made was
to guess at approximates in the estimating of
human efficiency as it is developed in output
per hour. But the gulf that separated the
extremes opened their eyes to the necessity of
a more sensible method of estimating, and a
committee was speedily appointed for the pur¬
pose of preparing a scale that would eliminate
such guesswork in the future. The result was
a masterpiece that in all probability will gain
national recognition before long.

Of course, it may reasonably be claimed
that when an outline of the possible costs of
any article passes from an arbitrary to a defi¬
nite stage it is no longer an estimate. I concede
the point willingly, hoping at least that the
printer’s enumeration of costs will be built on
something so substantial in the line of cost
records that it will pass out of the category
of estimates. A printer is not in the same boat
as the plumber, the steamfitter or the builder.
He can’t tack on extras at will. When his
butcher asks him the price of a thousand letter¬
heads and he says three dollars, he will have
to produce the goods at that price regardless
of his costs. It will not do to claim that he
had forgotten to figure the price of the stock
or the composition, or something else.

I have used this proposition purposely be¬
cause I know that there are printers in Chicago

even now who are selling letter-heads at that
price and think they are making money on the
deal, and I wish to use this opportunity to show
them what the actual cost price of a thousand
letter-heads is today, using as a basis for the
labor load the composite statement of last year:

Stock — 250 sheets 16-lb. bond, plus five per cent

for spoilage = 9 lbs., at 17 cents . $1.53

Handling, 10 per cent . 16

Cutting . 20

Ink . 10

Composition, one hour, at . 1.53

Lock-up, one-sixth hour . 26

Make-ready and press run, 1.4 hours, at 98 cents. ... 1.37

Packing and delivery . 35

Total . $5.50

This is the actual cost of a thousand letter¬
heads today, conservatively figured to the com¬
posite statement, as stated. If your hour-costs
are higher or lower than the average of the
country, you may substitute them and obtain
the correct cost for your shop, if you so choose.
As to details, you know yourself that the aver¬
age compositor will require an hour to set up,
read proof for typographical errors and sub¬
mit clean proof to the proofreader or cus¬
tomer. The lock-up and make-ready time here
allowed is less than reports from all over the
country indicate the average to be, and I hardly
believe it is safe to figure on more than a thou¬
sand impressions an hour from the ordinary
Gordons.

To this cost price at least twenty-five per
cent should be added as profit, which would
make the selling price $6.88.

A year or two ago a printer, not so many
miles from the heart of our city, advertised to
all the world: “One hundred thousand letter¬
heads in two colors for $87.50.” Suffice it to
say that he is no longer in our midst. His gen¬
erosity was too much for this wicked world.

To enable the printer or the printing esti¬
mator to furnish a somewhat decent estimate
to his customer — one containing the least pos¬
sible number of slips — the Cost Commission
of the United Typothetae has prepared an
estimate sheet covering all items of labor
and material necessary for the production of
printed-matter. From this sheet we learn that
the first item to be considered is the paper. It

February , igi8

THE INLAND PRINTER

611

is an important item and a costly one at the
present time. It is also a definite one; so
there can be no reason, whatever, for guess¬
work about this item.

But then there is the question of “overs”
or “wastage,” or whatever name you may
have for it. Trade customs seem to agree on
two per cent for each operation. But is this
to be depended upon? Hardly. It is not
enough, for instance, in short runs of close-
register work where a number of sheets have
to be pulled for the make-ready. If I remem¬
ber rightly, it was stated in the Zeese-Wilkinson
circular on process colorwork that two per
cent would not be sufficient for waste in close-
register colorwork. Then we also have to con¬
tend with some of the folding-machines, which
seem to delight in destroying twice, and more,
of their allotted share of the printed sheets.

Last spring a well-known shop printed fif¬
teen thousand hardware catalogues. Twelve
per cent was allowed for waste. The binding
was done by an outside firm. On delivery,
only 14,314 complete copies could be found.
I am not at liberty to state where the blame
finally was placed. However, three forms had
to be reprinted, which meant that instead of
adding to the firm’s prosperity, it cut quite a
slice from its bank balance.

In printing package stock, such as ruled
heads, envelopes, etc., trade customs do not
allow anything for waste. There are, how¬
ever, cases where such allowance becomes nec¬
essary and may endanger both the profit on
the job and the printer’s good name besides.
Let me cite a case to illustrate: A furnace
manufacturer had five thousand S}4 by 1 1 inch
catalogues printed. They cost him about four¬
teen cents a copy. The catalogues were to be
inserted in manila envelopes with patent fas¬
teners. In mailing the catalogues it was found
that not enough envelopes had been provided.
The printer had followed trade customs and
not allowed for “overs.” The customer was
peeved, very much so. Said he: “When I
pay fourteen cents a copy for my catalogues,
you must understand that I intend to send them
out. And as I can not mail them without

envelopes, it is up to you to furnish the amount
I ordered and paid for, your trade customs to
the contrary notwithstanding.” Was he right?
Decidedly, yes.

This question is, however, of a local charac¬
ter and must be decided in each individual case.
It is advisable to take all possible precautions
against misunderstanding and loss of both
profit and customer.

The next item on the estimate sheet is a
charge for handling the stock. The recom¬
mendation is “at least ten per cent” of cost
of stock. This is not very definite, to be sure.
Furthermore, it is one of those items that the
printers themselves more often than not seem
to forget. Some years ago I spent my vaca¬
tion at Isle Royale in the middle of Lake Supe¬
rior. The place is mostly populated by summer
tourists and fishermen gathering lake trout for
the Booth Fisheries Company. At the dinner
table one day the waitress rattled off a long
list of meat dishes and salads. “How about
fish?” queried one of the party. “Oh,” an¬
swered the waitress, “fish ain’t on the menu
at all. That’s thrown in fer nothin’.” So,
also, is the handling of paper — it’s “ thrown
in fer nothin’.”

But suppose a charge of “at least ten per
cent of cost price” is made for the handling
of stock, is such a charge reasonable or equita¬
ble? Hardly. It is neither fair to yourself
nor to your customer. Suppose you are han¬
dling one thousand pounds of S. and S. C. at 6
cents a pound and your competitor is handling
the same amount of bond-paper at 17 cents a
pound. According to the ten per cent rule
your charge for handling would be $6, while
his would be $17. Did it cost him more than
it did you? No; hardly as much. Then why
not agree about a definite charge per pound
for the handling of paper?

Then we come to cutting of stock. This
operation costs the printer $1.13 an hour.
Experience and cost systems have shown that
the cost of cutting folio into four pieces is fif¬
teen cents for the first ream and four cents for
each additional ream. This is definite enough
for all purposes. (To be continued.)

6l2

THE INLAND PRINTER

February , igi8

SUGGESTIONS FOR GAINING NEW BUSINESS

By ROBERT F. SALADE'

IRECT advertising, when well
written and neatly printed,
forms the master printer’s
most profitable salesman. It
can be made to help hold
regular customers, and dur¬
ing all seasons of the year it will be the means
of gaining new business. Under the classifi¬
cation of direct advertising come many varieties
of printed-matter, such, for example, as book¬
lets, folders, circular letters, leaflets, mailing-
cards, envelope stuffers, post-cards, slips, etc.
No matter how this publicity printing may
be distributed, whether by mail, inserted in
packages, letters or parcels, or handed directly
to recipients by the printer or his salesmen, it
is destined to bring in additional orders.

The printer is in a more advantageous position
to send out direct advertising for his house than
any other business man for the reason that he
has all the materials necessary for the work
ready at hand. He can have the printing done
at cost during slack periods in the shop, and
he can thus afford to use designs, paper and
color effects which would be too expensive for
many other advertisers.

With these facts in mind, it seems peculiar
that some master printers do not have a greater
volume of direct advertising produced for their
own publicity than is usually the case. These
printers would do well to set a good example
for their customers and prospective patrons by
having interesting and instructive advertising
literature distributed to them frequently. They
should “ talk up ” the merits of direct advertising
by teaching other business men how to utilize it.

Whenever the master printer adds to his
composing-room equipment a new series of
popular type he should make the fact known
to the business public through sending out
attractive publicity matter exhibiting the
beauty and usefulness of the new type-face.
A neat booklet, folder, or other piece of direct
advertising will show off the new material to

excellent advantage. Numerous business men
will admire the work, and they are very likely
to request the printer to prepare some direct
advertising of a similar kind for them.

The progressive business man is ever ready
to consider new ideas in stationery and printing,
and he looks to the printer for suggestions in
this line. He expects the printer to set styles
in business stationery and direct advertising
just as he expects his tailor to set correct style
in matters of dress. He is ready to give his
orders for printing to the master printer who
himself is a constant advertiser.

A well-known printing-firm, which is keeping
its name continually before the public eye by
means of effective direct advertising, recently
purchased a complete series of a new type-face
and immediately decided to inform the public
of it through a unique plan. A large four-page
folder was designed, showing attractive forms
of typography suitable for the business station¬
ery of professional folk, such as physicians,
dentists, etc. The specimen forms included
business-cards, envelope corners, letter-heads,
statements, announcements, prescription blanks
and so forth, the entire folder being composed
in the new type. Each page was framed with
an egg and dart border, printed in red with
the type-matter in dull-finish black ink. In
the center of the title-page was the company’s
craft-mark in red and black. On the fourth
page was a well-worded argument in favor of
Goudy Old Style, and good printing in general.
One of the display paragraphs read: “Goudy
Old Style in the hands of our typographers is
the happy combination which gives the desired
effect.”

These folders were mailed out to the com¬
pany’s list of regular patrons and prospective
customers, and it was not many days before
substantial orders for fine business stationery
began to arrive. In practically every instance
requests came with the orders to have the
typography for the work composed in the

February , 1918

THE INLAND PRINTER

613

type-face used in the folder. By means of the
folder the company had shown professional
people and other business men some new ideas
for elegant business stationery, and the orders
followed as a natural result.

It will pay any printer to point out to the
business men of his community the correct
ways of using the newest type-styles in office
stationery and direct-advertising matter. Don’t
fail to add a touch of warm color to the speci¬
mens of stationery and advertising literature,
for everybody likes a little color, especially a
few touches of bright red or orange. Use
first-class paper, good inks, and the best of

presswork so that the typography will always
present a handsome appearance. Attractive
printing is what the business man is after in
these days, for he knows that there is big profit
in it for him.

Some of the new type-faces can be made to
win a great deal of business for the master
printer who will take the time to show practical
examples of typography, set in these faces, to
the public. What the company referred to
here is doing can be done by other progressive
printers with gratifying returns. Teach other
business men how to profit by fine printing
through showing them helpful suggestions.

SELLING THE UNSELLABLE MAN

By MICHAEL GROSS

IGBY, president of the
Higby Manufacturing Com¬
pany, could not be sold. F ive
salesmen, good pluggers all,
were unanimous in the deci¬
sion. Each of them, in turn,
had taken a chance at submitting a show-card
sketch to Mr. Higby, and each had, in turn, been
met with one of Higby’s stereotyped replies.
“ Don’t waste my valuable time,” was his leader;
“I’m too busy to look at your stuff,” came next
in order; and “I’m too wise a buyer to look at
everything salesmen want to show me,” ran
a close third.

In vain each one of the men had talked him¬
self blue in the face trying to convince Higby
that his particular sketch was a winner; in
vain he spread it on thick regarding “our
plant,” and “our presses,” and “our ability to
turn the job out quickly.” Mr. Higby always
knew of a place where he could buy better
sketches for less money and get the work turned
out more quickly.

It was while Cortley, the sixth victim of
Higby’s excuses, was relating the experience to
his five comrades in misery that Strang, star
man of the sales-force, came into the room.
He took a seat and listened to the end of

Cortley’s woeful tale. Then he pulled up his
chair and faced the six men. “Do I under¬
stand that each of you fellows has been up
against this man Higby and that not one of
you has been able to sell him?” he asked.

“Your understanding is correct,” came the
answer, in chorus.

“And what excuse did Higby give for not
buying?” was the next question.

“What excuses, you mean,” Cortley cor¬
rected, and then he proceeded to rattle off
Higby’s three standbys. “We all take our
hats off to you as a salesman,” Cortley con¬
tinued, “but Higby is a nut that even your pet
theory of scientific salesmanship would not be
able to crack.”

“Do you care to bolster up that statement
with any surplus coin of the realm?” Strang
asked with a smile.

“I surely do,” Cortley came back emphatic¬
ally. “I’m willing to lay a little ten-dollar
note against your five that you can’t sell Higby,
and I’ll give you two weeks to turn the trick,
too. That ought to be time enough to bring
all your theories to play on the subject.”

“I’ll take that bet,” Strang answered calmly,
“provided Higby has never seen any of the
sketches we’ve made up for him.”

614

THE INLAND PRINTER

February , igi8

“He never has,” Cortley quickly assured him.
“Why, I’m the only fellow who ever got as far
as taking the first layer of wrapping-paper off
my sketch. Ask the others here if I am right.”

“Then consider the wager as made,” Strang
said, “and all I ask is one week’s time. If at
the end of seven days I haven’t sold Higby at
least three of the five sketches we’ve made up
for him, at a price as high or higher than the
estimate calls for, you can consider that I’ve
lost the bet.”

Three days later Strang brought in a signed
order from the Higby Manufacturing
Company for twenty-five thousand
show-cards, five thousand on each
sketch that had been turned over to
him, but instead of nine and one-half
cents, the price the other salesmen
had asked, Strang sold the complete
order, to be run together, at a straight
price of ten cents each.

That night Strang strolled into the
salesroom and walked over to where
Cortley was sitting. “ My palm has
itched frightfully all day long,” he
said good-naturedly; “I wonder can
it mean that I’m going to get some money?”

“You surely are,” Cortley answered, “but
before I pass over that ten you’ve got to tell
us one thing. How the deuce did you manage
to swing a twenty-five thousand card order
from Higby in three days, when six of us couldn’t
sell him five thousand in three months?”

“I was going to tell you boys all about it,
anyhow,” Strang said, pulling up a chair and
making himself comfortable, “if only to vin¬
dicate my ‘scientific salesmanship’ theory that
the fellows around here have been giv¬
ing such a glad laugh, for it is to that
very kind of salesmanship that all the
credit for Higby’s order is due.

“The first mistake that you boys
made,” Strang went on, “was in not
recognizing that Higby belonged to a
particular type of buyer. You figured
him as a regular mortal on whom your
regular selling ought to have worked
like a charm. Instead of which, as a
little knowledge of this same scientific
salesmanship would have enabled you
to discern, Higby belongs to the ego¬
tistical type of buyer. The quickest
way to antagonize and lose a man of this nature
is to try and convince him that he is wrong in
any opinion he may have formed of you or
your line.

“Yet that is just what you boys tried to do.
When Mr. Higby told you that your sketches
were no good, you hotly retorted that they were,
and that you could prove the fact to him if he

would let you. By arguing the question you
paved the way for Mr. Higby’s ‘too busy’ or
‘my time is too valuable’ reply. Don’t you
see that it was the only answer he could give?
If he let you show your sketch and it turned out
to be good, he would have to admit that he was
wrong in condemning it, and a man of Higby’s

Relating his experience to his jive comrades in misery.

February , 1918

THE INLAND PRINTER

615

type would rather be torn to pieces by famished
lions than acknowledge himself in the wrong.

“As soon as you boys told me the line of talk
Higby was in the habit of handing out, and I
discovered that he hadn’t even seen the sketches
he condemned so vigorously, I sized him up
and decided that my only appeal would have
to be to his vanity.

“My first move was to have the art depart¬
ment take the Higby name and trade-mark off
the sketches which had been prepared, thus
making them appear as purely a stock proposi¬
tion. Then I called Mr. Higby on the telephone-

‘but there isn’t another man in the city whose
word I would take as to the worth of these
sketches.’ Once more I stopped and waited
for the fly to take the honey.

“In a second or two Mr. Higby ’s voice again
came over the wire, this time fairly loaded down
with importance. ‘ My time is rather valuable,’
he said pompously, ‘but I’m always willing to
help a fellow along. I’d hate to see you make

Squinted at each sketch from seventeen different angles.

“ ‘This is Strang talking,’ I said, as soon as
I was connected. ‘You’ve never heard of me,
but I’ve certainly heard a whole lot about you
as an expert on window- display advertising.’
Here I paused a little to give the taffy time to
soak in.

“In a few moments Higby answered. ‘ Ahem,
ahem,’ he said importantly; ‘I guess I do know
a little about the subject. Why? ’

“ ‘I’ll tell you, Mr. Higby,’ I went on con¬
fidentially; ‘I’m in the printing business and
I’ve just finished up five show-card sketches to
take on the road with me. Before I leave,
though, I want to be sure that the stuff is right.
I’ve heard so much about you as an authority
on the subject that I’ve taken the liberty of
calling you up. Perhaps you could spare a
few moments to give me your expert opinion
on these sketches.’

“ ‘I know it’s a lot to ask of a man whose
time is as valuable as yours, Mr. Higby,’ I
hurried on, as if afraid he was going to refuse,

a failure out of your line when my advice would
put you on the right track, so come right over
and I’ll see what I can do for you.’

“ ‘Thank you ever so much,’ I said humbly;
‘I’ll be there as fast as a car can carry me.’

“In ten minutes I was in Mr. Higby’s place,
had presented my card and been asked to come
right into the private office. I entered, laid
out my sketches, and then, without a word,
stepped back to let Higby get a good look at
them.

“He squinted at each sketch from about
seventeen different angles and then stood
directly in front of them with half-closed eyes,
to impress me, no doubt, with the fact that he
was a sure-enough art critic. Finally he turned
to where I was standing. ‘That’s about the
finest lot of show-card sketches I’ve seen in a
long while,’ he said enthusiastically, ‘and when
I say so you can bet your life it’s so.’

“Mr. Higby’s statement was ‘old stuff’ to
me, for if I hadn’t realized that those sketches

6i6

THE INLAND PRINTER

February , igi8

were exactly what the Higby Manufacturing
Company needed for their line I would never
have laid a wager that I could sell them. ‘ I’m
certainly glad to hear a man with your knowl¬
edge of displays say that these sketches are
good,’ I said, ‘and I certainly appreciate your
kindness, Mr. Higby. I will be able to take
these sketches on the road with me now,’ I
added, starting to gather up the sketches, ‘with
the assurance that they are going to sell.’

“ ‘They can wait,’ Higby said sternly.
‘You’re after the money, aren’t you? Well, if
you can get it from me without the time and
expense of a road trip, why not do it? ’

“ ‘It isn’t that,’ I told him; ‘but I’ve sort
of promised my trade that I’d be around, and
they’re expecting me.’

“ ‘Tell them you broke a leg or something,’
Higby said. ‘I want this stuff and I’m going
to get it. What price are you asking ?

1 1 want this stuff and I’m going to get it.”

“ ‘Wait a moment,’ Higby said, with a
restraining gesture; ‘maybe I can save you a
road trip altogether.’

“I knew what was coming but it was a little
too early in the game to let Higby know that
I knew. I wanted him to get in a little deeper
first. So I merely slipped over another piece of
taffy. ‘It would take a cyclone to hold me
back now, ’ I said, ‘ after getting your word for
it that these sketches are worth while.’

“ ‘I don’t mean that,’ Higby said, ‘but this
stuff looks so good to me that I’m tempted to
buy it myself. I could give you enough of a
run on each of those sketches to make it worth
your while to sell them to me exclusively.’

“ ‘Oh! I couldn’t think of that,’ I said
hastily. ‘While I appreciate your kindness,
I’ve got to think of all my customers on the
road who are depending on me for suggestions
for their Fall advertising campaigns.’

“ ‘Nine and a half cents each,’ I told him.

“ ‘I’ll take five thousand of each and give
you ten cents flat on the entire quantity,’ Mr.
Higby offered.

“Of course I hemmed and hawed, but after
a little coaxing I finally condescended to take
the order at ten cents, or a half cent higher than
what you fellows were pleading to sell the stuff
for. It was merely a question of using a little
science.

“After finding out the type of buyer my man
was,” Strang ended up, “it was just a matter
of treating him accordingly. Whether you call
it scientific salesmanship or something else
doesn’t alter the fact that there are different
types of buyers and that the tactics that will
win an order from one type will cause another
to have you shot at sunrise. Why, I can
name, on the ends of my fingers, five or six
kinds of buyers, each requiring a different line

February , 1918

THE INLAND PRINTER

617

of treatment if you would get them to place an
order. There is, for instance, the cautious
buyer, who wants to argue every point and is
suspicious of everything you say. To win him,
you must get his confidence and then let him
make up his own mind. Then there is the cool,
calculating buyer who really knows his business
and a whole lot about yours. To him you
must talk short and to the point; and then the
argumentative buyer who makes you prove
every statement and show him the whys and
the wherefores; the conceited buyer on the
style of friend Higby, whose number I have
shown you how to get; and the passive buyer

who agrees to everything you say but doesn’t
order unless you get him to disagree with you
and so sell himself by answering his own
objection. There are lots of others that I
can’t think of offhand, but each one requires a
distinct method of approach, presentation and
close. Each can be sold if the salesman will
only take the trouble to learn to differentiate
types and treat each accordingly. Now, Cort-
ley, do I get that ten?”

“You sure do,” Cortley answered, passing
over the note; “not only do you get it but I
consider that I’ve got my money’s worth in
exchange for it and maybe a little over.”

COSTS OF BINDERY OPERATIONS -PERFORATING

No. 2.— By R. T. PORTE.

HIS is another very common
bindery operation on which
no two estimators have been
able to arrive at the same
figures on the same job, due,
mainly, to the fact that cer¬
tain elements of the work have been overlooked.
Those who have cost systems have been content
to let the matter rest if the guess made by the
estimator was anywhere near right, or if they
were certain that he had added something for
the perforating.

Price-lists have attempted to give some sort
of prices, but their figures took time to study
and figure out, and in many cases they told the
estimator to add certain percentages for certain
conditions. Some time ago I got out a price¬
list giving the price per thousand perforations,
and found that in many instances this was
used for the ream, and that double prices were
charged or estimated. That experience made me
very careful to take extra precautions in pre¬
paring the scales on perforating.

Many of the schemes for estimating, and the
many lists consulted, would result in figuring
two different prices on the same piece of work.

Note. — This is the second of a series of twelve articles, with tables, on the
cost of bindery work. Copyright, 1918, by R. T. Porte.

To be used generally, a list must not have this
fault, and in the scales given I have avoided this.

Round-Hole Perforating, Sometimes Called
Pin-Hole.

This class of work is the making of perfora¬
tions in a sheet of paper having round or pin
holes, similar to those in a postage stamp. The
work is done by foot and power machines having
a row of pins or dies which are pushed through
the paper into female dies underneath. There
are several makes of machines for this purpose,
but all work in the same way.

Several sheets of paper may be perforated at
the same time, and, by using adjustable front
guides, several rows of perforations may be made
the same way of the sheet without removing
the sheets from the machine. Many machines
do not have this adjustable guide, and by set¬
ting gages at the front and back of the dies
the same result can be obtained, but the work
is a little slower.

No attempt has been made to differentiate
between the two classes of machines, and the
records of cost and prices are for the machine
with the adjustable guide, as it is most com¬
monly used in shops doing a large amount of
perforating. Those having the other machines
will find their costs, perhaps, somewhat higher

6i8

THE INLAND PRINTER

than those given. Also, those with foot-power
machines may find their costs slightly higher
as the scales are based on power machines,
especially in the larger quantities. The smaller
lots will not make much difference in cost when

For Sheets
8 Vi x 14
m x 12
8 lA x 11

or smaller.

‘Perforations to a Sheet — One Way Only.

Sheets.

Rms.

250

.40

.45

.50

.55

.60

.65

.70

.75

.80

500

.40

.45

.50

.55

.60

.65

.70

.75

.80

.85

750

.40

.45

.55

.60

.75

.95

1.00

1.05

1.10

1.20

1,000

.40

.55

.65

.75

.95

1.15

1.25

1.35

1.45

1.55

1,500

.55

.75

.90

1.05

1.35

1.65

1.80

1.95

2.10

2.25

2.000

.70

.95

1.15

1.35

1 75

2.15

2.35

2.55

2.75

2.95

2,500

.85

1.05

1.40

1.65

2.15

2.65

2.90

3.15

3.40

3 65

3,000

1.00

1.25

1.65

1.95

2.55

3.15

3.45

3.75

4.05

4.35

3,500

1.15

1.45

1.90

2.25

2.95

3.65

3 95

4.35

4.70

5.05

4.000

1 30

1.65

2.15

2.55

3.35

4.15

4.50

4.95

5.35

5.75

4,500

1.45

1.85

2.40

2.85

3.75

4.65

5,05

5.55

6.00

6.45

5,000

1 60

2.05

2.65

3.15

4.15

5.15

5 60

6.15

6.65

7.15

6,000

1.90

2.45

3.15

3.75

4.95

6.15

6.70

7.35

7.95

8.55

7,000

2.20

2.85

3.65

4.35

5.75

7.15

7.80

8.55

8.25

9.95

8,000

2.50

3.25

4.15

4.95

6.55

8.15

8.90

9.75

10.55

11.35

10,000

3.10

4.00

5.15

6.15

8.15

10.15

11.10

12.15

13.15

14.15

12,500

3.85

5.00

6.40

7.65

10.15

12.65

13.85

15.15

16 40

17.65

15,000

4 60

6.00

7.65

9.15

12.15

15.15

16 60

18.15

19.65

21.15

17,500

5.35

7.00

8.90

10.65

14.15

17.65

19.35

21.15

22.90

24.65

20,000

6 10

8.00

10.15

12.15

16 15

20.15

22.10

24.15

26.15

28.15

25,000

7 60

10.00

12.65

13.15

20.15

25.15

27 60

30 15

32.65

35.15

30,000

9.10

12.00

15.15

18.10

24.10

30 10

33.15

36.10

39.10

42.10

40,000

12.05

16.00

20.10

24.10

32.05

40.05

44.10

48 00

52.00

56.05

50,000

100

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

55.00

60.00

65.00

70.00

‘Sheets going through machine two or more ways take two or more prices.

Table No. 5. — Cost of Perforating — Round-Hole.
All Papers Up to Substance No. 28.

the higher cost of the power machine and the
extra cost for power is taken into consideration.
Careful checking and comparison have revealed
so little difference that it would be useless to
make separate tables.

With the present tables is introduced, for the
first time, the wrords “Substance No.,” which
will play some part in the lists to come. I
wish here to express my appreciation of the
adoption of the “Substance No.” in making
or fixing the weights of paper, as it overcomes
many obstacles in making out a price-list. If
nothing else, it makes the figuring of a price¬
list so much easier.

The scales for perforating cover all papers
not over Substance No. 28, or the equivalent
to 28-pound folio. Papers heavier than that
cost more to perforate, but as there are so few
jobs using heavier paper that are perforated it
would not pay to get out a special list.

Two scales, or tables, are given. Table
No. 5 covers perforating sheets that are one-
quarter size sheets, or small pieces. Table

February, igi8

No. 6 covers perforating full sheets of folio,
royal or double cap.

The tables start with half reams, which
should be taken as a minimum, and for even
twenty-five sheets of paper, as it is worth that
much to set the machine and perforate a few

Diagram of a Sheet of Folio with Two Perforations
the Short Way and Four the Long
Way of the Sheet.

sheets. The first prices given in the tables are
really minimum prices.

The figures in the boxes following the word
“reams” are for the number of perforations one
way of the sheet.

To use the tables, first know the size of the

For Sheets
19x24
17x28
17x22
or smaller

‘Perforations to a Sheet — One Way Only.

Sheets.

Rms.

250

.50

.60

.65

.70

.75

.80

.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

500

.50

.65

.80

.95

1.10

1.25

1.40

1.55

1.70

1.85

750

.65

.80

1.05

1.25

1.50

1.70

1.95

2.15

2.40

2.60

1,000

.75

.95

1.25

1.55

1.85

2.15

2.45

2.75

3.05

3.35

1,500

.95

1.25

1.70

2.15

2.60

3.05

3.50

3.95

4.40

4.85

2,000

1.15

1.55

2.15

2.75

3.35

3.95

4.55

5 15

5.75

6.35

2,500

1.35

1.85

2.60

3.35

4.10

4.85

5.60

6.35

7.10

7.85

3,000

1.55

2.15

3.05

3 95

4.85

5.75

6.65

7.55

8.45

9.35

3,500

1.75

2.45

3.50

4.55

5.60

6.65

7.70

8.75

9.80

10.85

4,000

1.95

2.75

3.95

5.15

6.35

7.55

8.75

9.95

11.15

12.35

4,500

2.15

3.05

4.40

5.75

7.10

8.45

9 SO

11.15

12.50

13.85

5,000

2.30

3.35

4.85

6.35

7.85

9.35

10 85

12.35

13.85

15.35

6,000

2.70

3.95

5.75

7.55

9.35

11.15

12.95

14.75

16.55

18.35

7,000

3.10

4.55

6.65

8.75

10.85

12.95

15.05

17.15

19.25

21.35

8,000

3.50

5.15

7.55

9.95

12.35

14.75

17.15

19.55

21.95

24.35

10,000

4.25

6.35

9.35

12.35

15.35

18.35

21.35

24.35

27.35

30.35

12,500

5.25

7.85

11.60

15.35

19.10

22.85

26.00

30.35

34.10

37.85

15,000

6.25

9.35

13.85

18.35

22.85

27.35

31.85

36.35

40.85

45.35

17,500

7.25

10.85

16.10

21.35

26.60

31.85

37.10

42.35

47.60

52.85

20,000

8.25

12.35

18.35

24.35

30.35

36.35

42.35

48.35

54.35

60.35

25.000

10.10

15.30

22.80

30.30

37.80

45.30

52.80

60.30

67.85

75.30

30,000

12.00

18.25

27.25

36.25

45.25

54.25

63.25

72.25

81.30

90.25

40,000

16.00

24 . 15

36.25

48.20

60.20

72.15

84.15

96.15

108.20

120.20

50,000

100

20.00

30.00

45.00

60.00

75.00

90.00

105.00

120.00

135.00

150.00

‘Sheets going through machine two or more ways, take two or more prices.

Table No. 6. — Cost of Perforating — Round-Hole.
All Papers Up to Substance No. 28.

sheet. Say it is a sheet of folio. The sheet
has two perforations one way of the sheet and
four perforations the other way. (See diagram.)

February , 1918

THE INLAND PRINTER

619

If there are five reams to be perforated in this
manner the cost would be $5.20. The amount
is obtained as follows:

Five reams, two perforations to the sheet, folio size. .$1.85

Five reams, four perforations to the sheet. ......... 3.35

Total . . . . $5.20

Other quantities or combinations of per¬
forating may be figured in identically the same
way. The only thing necessary to know is
the number of sheets, the size, and the number
of perforations there are each* way of the sheet,
add up the result, and you have the cost.

Slotted-Hole Perforation or with any Rotary
Perforator.

While the most commonly used perforator
is the one described as making the pin-hole
perforations, machines are built on the rotary
principle to make either knife, slotted-hole or
round-hole perforations. These machines use
the principle of the cylinder press and have
adjustable knives revolving on a drum, and

For Sheets
17x14

9J x 12
or smaller.

17 x 14 or Smaller — One Way Only.

9J x 12 or Smaller — One Way.Only.

Sheets.

Rms.

250

.40

.45

.50

.55

.60

.40

.45

.50

.55

.60

500

.40

.45

.50

.60

.65

.40

.45

.50

.55

.60

750

.45

.55

.60

.65

.70

.40

.45

.50

.55

.60

1,000

.55

.65

.70

.75

.85

.45

.50

.55

.65

.70

1,500

.75

.85

.95

1.00

1.15

.60

.70

.75

.85

.95

2,000

.95

1.05

1.15

1.25

1.45

.75

.90

.95

1.05

1.20

2,500

1.05

1.20

1.35

1.50

1.75

.90

1.10

1.15

1.25

1.45

3,000

1.25

1.45

1.60

1.75

2.00

1.05

1.30

1.35

1.45

1.70

3,500

1.45

1.65

1.80

2.00

2.25

1.20

1.50

1.55

1.65

1.90

4,000

1.65

1.85

2.05

2.25

2.50

1.35

1.65

1.75

1.85

2.10

4,500

1.85

2.10

2.30

2.50

2.75

1.50

1.80

1.95

2.05

2.30

5,000

2.05

2.30

2.55

2.75

3.00

1.65

1.90

2.10

2.25

2.50

■ 6,000

2.45

2.70

3.05

3.25

3.55

1.95

2.25

2.50

2.65

2.95

7,000

2.85

3.15

3.45

3.75

4.10

2.25

2.60

2.85

3.05

3.40

8,000

3.25

3.60

3.95

4.25

4.65

2.55

2.90

3.20

3.45

3.85

10,000

4.00

4.50

5.00

5.25

5.60

3.05

3.50

3.90

4.25

4.75

12,500

5.00

5.45

5.90

6.35

6.85

3.80

4.25

4.65

5.05

5.50

15,000

6.00

6.50

7.00

7.45

8.10

4.55

5.00

5.40

5.80

6.25

17,500

7.00

7.55

8.05

8.55

9.30

5.30

5.75

6.15

6.55

7.00

20,000

8.00

8.55

9.10

9.65

10.50

6.05

6.50

6.90

7.30

7.75

25,000

10.00

10.65

11.25

11.85

13.00

7 50

8.10

8.55

9.05

9.75

30,000

12.00

12.70

13.40

14.05

15.50

9.00

9.70

10.25

10.80

11.75

40,000

16.00

16.85

17.65

18.45

20.50

12.00

12.90

13.55

14.30

15.75

50,000

100

20.00

21.00

21.75

22.50

25.00

15.00

16.00

16.75

17.50

20.00

Table No. 7. — Cost of Perforating — Slotted-Hole or
Rotary Perforator. All Papers Up to
Substance No. 28.

when the paper is fed to the guides and taken
between the knives and the drum, slots of
various widths are cut in the paper, perforating

the paper. Other machines have a mechanical
principle which is a little different from that
described, but the results are the same, the

For Sheets
19 x 24
17x28

17 x 22
or smaller.

Long Way.

Short Way.

Sheets.

Rms.

•1

250

.50

.55

.60

.65

.70

.50

.55

.60

500

.50

.55

.60

.65

.70

.50

.60

.50

.55

.60

750

.65

.70

.80

.85

.90

.50

.55

.65

.70

.75

1,000

.80

.90

.95

1.00

1.10

.65

.75

.80

.85

.95

1,500

1.10

1.25

1.30

1.35

1.50

.90

1.05

1.10

1.15

1.30

2,000

1.40

1.60

1.65

1.70

1.90

1.15

1.35

1.40

1.45

1.65

2,500

1.70

1.95

2.00

2.05

2.30

1.40

1.65

1.70

1.75

2.00

3,000

2.00

2.30

2.35

2.40

2.70

1.65

1.95

2.00

2.05

2,35

3,500

2.30

2.65

2.70

2.75

3.10

1.90

2.25

2.30

2.35

2.70

4,000

2.60

3.00

3.05

3.10

3.50

2.15

2.55

2.60

2.05

3.05

4,500

2.90

3.35

3.40

3.45

3.90

2.40

2.85

2 90

2.95

3.40

5,000

3.20

3.65

3.75

3.80

4.30

2.65

3.16

3 20

3.25

3.75

6,000

3.80

4.25

4.45

4.50

5.10

3.15

3.70

3.80

3.85

4.40

7,000

4.40

4.85

6.15

5.20

5.80

3.65

4.25

4.40

4.45

5.05

8,000

5.00

5.45

5.85

5.90

6.60

4.15

4.80

5.00

5.05

5.70

10,000

6.20

6.65

7.20

7.30

8.10

5.15

5.90

6 20

6.25

7.00

12,500

7.70

8.15

8.80

9.05

9.90

6.35

7.15

7.60

7 75

8.50

15,000

9.20

9.65

10.40

10.80

11.70

7.55

8.40

9 90

9 25

10.00

17,500

10.70

11.15

12.00

12.55

13.50

8.75

9.65

10.40

10.75

11.50

20,000

12 20

12.65

13.60

14.30

15 30

9.95

10 90

11.80

12 25

13 00

25,000

15.00

15.05

10 80

17.80

18.80

12.05

13.00

14 00

15 00

16.00

30,000

17.75

18.65

20.00

21.30

22.30

14.15

15.10

16.20

17.50

19.00

40,000

22.75

24.50

26.40

28.30

29.30

18.25

19.25

20.60

22.50

24.60

50,000

100

27.50

30.00

32.50

35.00

36.00

22.50

23 50

25.00

27.60

80.00

•Numbers indicate perforations to a sheet, one way only.

Table No. 8. — Cost of Perforating — Slotted-Hole or
Rotary Perforator. All Papers Up to
Substance No. 28.

paper being perforated by rotary methods
instead of a straight row of dies being pushed
through the paper to make the perforations.

There is also a machine on the market for
making pin-hole perforations by the rotary
method. From all records that are obtainable
the cost of perforating by this machine will be
about the same as the slot machine. Of course,
each machine will have its good points, but
discussion of them is not within the province
of these articles. I can only give the results
of the figures I have been able to gather, and
the comparison of these figures with actual
costs on jobs where these scales are in every-day
use, and work is billed from the scales or
estimated. The results so far have been
satisfactory, and the costs as given have
averaged right.

The first table for this class of perforating
(No. 7) covers two sizes of paper — the half
sheets and the quarter sheets of paper. The
same rule applies to work going through the
machine twice and the number of perforations
to the sheet. There is a great difference in
these tables over Tables 5 and 6, as the cost of

620

THE INLAND PRINTER

February , igi8

extra perforations is for setting the heads and
the slower running and feeding of the machine
where more than one head is used.

To figure a job with two perforations one way
and four the other, sheet 12 by 19 inches, five
reams, the price would be $2.70. This is found

as follows:

Five reams one way, two perforations . $1.20

Five reams one way, four perforations . 1.50

Total . . $2.70

Table No. 8 presents a little different prop¬
osition and covers full sheets of folio, royal and
double cap. While the prices cover both ways
of the sheets, yet the width of the sheets makes
some difference as to cost as it takes longer to
put 1,000 sheets 17 inches long through the
machine than it does one 22 inches long. This
has to be taken into consideration. Taking
the diagram as shown, there are two perfora¬
tions the 1 7 -inch way of the sheet and four
perforations the 22-inch way of the sheet. The
cost of five reams would be $3.70, and is

obtained as follows:

Five reams, four perforations long way of the sheet ...$2.05
Five reams, two perforations short way of the sheet. . . 1.65

Total . $3.70

I have figured only six perforations one way
of the sheet on the rotary perforator. It must
be understood that this does not mean the
limit of the machine. If more heads are used,
add as shown in the tables for the extra heads.
The amount of six heads was used for con¬
venience in getting up the tables, and also
because the great majority of work will be done
with six heads or less.

As in the tables for round-hole perforation,
papers up to Substance No. 28 only are included
in the prices.

Each class of perforating-machines has its
limitations, but it is not the purpose of these
scales to state the differences, nor to give prices
of exceptional work. The prices are for the

regular run of work — the common, every-day
variety. If there is anything extraordinary
about a certain job, the man with common
sense can add to the scales, and they need not
be condemned because they do not cover every
possible contingency.

Printers’ and binders’ prices for this work
now vary one hundred per cent, and in most
cases with no reason. Constant use of the
perforating scales begets confidence, and they
will be found so near right that all rule-of-
thumb methods, guesstimating, and “knowing
what the job is worth” will soon pass out of
existence.

Too many times, bright minds among the
printers and binders have picked up this or
that little peculiar job and then asked, “How
are you going to make a scale to cover this?”
I wrote “bright” deliberately, as I used to ask
the same thing myself ; but work on the tables,
and the practical operation of them day in and
day out in estimating and billing, has shown
me the fallacy of trying to make odd jobs stand
in the way of a working scale on bindery
operations.

There is one thing sure: The use of the
tables by the printer or the binder will make
it possible to figure the same price on the same
kind and quantity of work twice, even if figured
by different parties in the same shop. If for
nothing else, the scales in this article and the
articles to follow will be worth while.

The curse of the printing business is the
variety of prices that can be obtained, not only
from different printers, but from the same
printer or binder on the same class of work.
To get rid of this condition is one of the reasons
why this series of articles is being prepared.

These scales, also, have been carefully
checked and compared with many records of
cost and price-lists, and are believed to be a
fair average of cost.

He that understands not his employment , whatever else he knows ,
must be unfit for it; and the publick suffers by his inexpertness.

William Penn

February , igi8

THE INLAND PRINTER

621

FROM COPYHOLDER TO PROOFREADER

No. 5.— By H. B. COOPER

Smith needed a stenographer — the bureau sent a belle
Who sure had “ mastered the machine” but hadn’t learned
to spell.

Between 11 Dear sir ” and “ Truely Yours ” she typed
“We have recieve

Your fevor of the 20-first ,” “ Desireing,” “We beleive”;
“ Anappolis” and “ Allbany” and “ sepperate ” — just
like

As if the dictionaries all had gone upon a strike.

His peace in pawn from dewy dawn till hard he hit the
hay,

Ignoring pious principles Smith oft was heard to say:

( Deleted by Censor.)

H E above quotation from
“Dele -Dan, the Censor-
Man,” written by one of
our esteemed proofreader
contributors to The Inland
Printer, may well have been
inspired by some of the various copyholders
he has worked with during past years, although
for rhythmical reasons he dedicates it — with
apologies, let us hope — to the fair stenographer
who has not learned to spell.

By a curious coincidence, just as I started
typewriting this stanza as a suitable intro¬
duction to what more I have to say about
misspellings, the postman handed me two letters
from former copyholders of mine — one writing
“ dissapointment ” and “maintainance,” and
the other concluding “ Sincerly.” I remember
both these copyholders as excellent readers of
copy; but they were never trusted to do any
revising for me, and their limitations were such
that they would have fitted into the same class
with Smith’s stenographer in business school.
Like her, they too had missed their vocation.
Happily, both have long since been released
from bothering with spellings at all.

It is not for those who fail in minimum
requirements that I am writing my “From
Copyholder to Proofreader” series and handing
out tips to would-be professional readers of
proof. (If you belong to the Smith’s stenog¬

rapher class, good-by — it’s all off ! I wish
you good success at something else, but not at
this.)

I hardly know how to lay sufficient stress
upon the matter of good spelling without laying
too much stress upon it.

The world will never be impressed with any
man’s good spelling.

And proofreaders themselves share this lack
of enthusiasm for one hundred per cent spelling.
They say little about it. It is simply one of
the prerequisites of their job, just as adding
up figures correctly is a sine qua non of the
accountant’s job — “without which nothing.”

To be able to add long columns of figures
correctly would bring you no recognition as an
expert public accountant, although it goes
without saying that a paid accountant must
not make mistakes in his figures. That would
be intolerable.

Similarly, proficiency in spelling, if you have
no more than this to offer, does not classify you
as a proofreader. Your mind must also be
trained to carry the type, to carry the spacing,
to carry the punctuation, to carry the sense, to
carry the construction — incidentally to look
after correct divisions at ends of lines, to see
that lines are flush, and in alignment, and
straight, and O.K. in all respects for style.
Watch spacing between lines as well as between
words — sometimes even between the letters
of words — and watch centering of headings
and display lines. That is not all; but as the
natives of India say when they wish to stop a
lengthy enumeration, “Ho-o-o-o!”

Now, anyone can read proof, mark a few
obvious errors therein, and charge somebody
something, more or less, for his services. So
can anybody — a sententious friend remarks —
amputate a leg, or buy a horse. But in almost
any kind of a job the green hand gets stung and
the old-timer needs to keep his wits where he
can get at them. The proofsheet is not so
simple a proposition as it may seem.

622

THE INLAND PRINTER

February, igi8

Here’s where an old-timer fell down in adver¬
tising a factory clearance sale in our last Sunday
morning’s paper, the circulation of which is up
in the hundreds of thousands. Imagine the
blank amazement of readers of the following:

sateen M/J

PETTICOATS XL L

Splendid $1.00 Regulars
Patch pockets, large sailor col¬
lars and belts in contrasting colors.

Choose rose, green, purple or Copen.

Street Floor

Not a misspelling in either of these boxes;
but oh, a thousand times worse — what is the
matter? — the sense has gone wrong : Petti¬
coats with patch pockets, large sailor collars
and belts ! And sweaters with flowered ruffles !
Just a mixup of the descriptive lines set together,
same measure, on the linotype, three lines for
each box, but transposed in the lifting ! — an
error not even suggested in the enumeration
above. Some luckless proofreader was re¬
sponsible for this, and who can tell whether the
advertiser ever paid for his advertisement? I
have known of thousand-dollar rebates on
misprinted advertisements! Surely a proof¬
reader’s mind must be left free every moment
of the day to consider the most important
thing — the sense of what he is reading. What
matters good spelling or anything else if the
sense goes wrong?

Do you remember the parable in I Kings 20:
39, 40: “Thy servant went out into the midst
of the battle; and, behold, a man turned aside,
and brought a man unto me, and said, Keep
this man : if by any means he be missing, then
shall thy life be for his life, or else thou shalt
pay a talent of silver. And as thy servant was
busy here and there, he was gone.”

In proofreading, one must never lose one’s
appreciation of values so far as to offer the
paltry excuse for missing sense: “As thy
servant was busy here and there, it was gone.”
The mind must not let the sense go. It is the
most important thing committed to our keep¬
ing, hence the need of a free mind to watch the
sense always.

I am telling you this because, if my articles
in this series have made you ponder upon the

total inadequacy of your equipment, if you
realize that you need developing and that you
can not get it in twenty-four hours — not very
conclusively — the next thing is to depart and
add to your store.

Last month I emphasized what it meant to
me, psychologically, to be able to dismiss from
my anxious thoughts ninety-eight out of every
hundred words in the crowd that surged by.
It will mean as much to you. This month I
want to assist your mental processes by rigging
up a place for you in your own proofroom — a
sort of mental gymnasium that will afford you
facilities for hours of sport and practice daily.
Call the apparatus an “ automatic word grader,”
or what you will. I have already explained to
you how to catch misspellings, with three checks
for every word you are sure of and a ring around
every word you are not sure of. Now you
catch them!

It will be a surprise to see how the misspellings
get caught as in a net. As good as a game you
will find it, to read down the galleys after you
have revised them. The checks I speak of are
not pencil marks, three to every word, but
mental checks — one consciously O.K’ing the
meaning and two subconsciously O.K’ing the
letters and the syllables of every word that
comes along.

Buy last month’s issue of The Inland
Printer, or look it up in some library, if you
missed reading my article about the three
checks. In it I expressed my conviction that
the whole subject of misspellings could be
relegated to the proofreader’s subconsciousness,
to be attended to almost — not quite — auto¬
matically. The editor would not permit me
to repeat myself at any length this month; but
at least I may set you to work. From now on,
if you are a trusted reviser of galley and page
proofs, I want you quietly to assume particular
charge of the spellings, and see to it that not a
misspelling ever gets away from the proofroom.
Lend the proofreader your vigilance every
moment of the day — without laying yourself
open to such criticism as: “Let me show you
the difference between my proofreading and
yours. Why did you - ? Why didn’t

$6 BRUSHED WOOL

SWEATERS, *3.74

Fitted top styles in all the suit
shades and all-black with flowered
ruffles. All lengths.

Street Floor

February , igi8

THE INLAND PRINTER

623

you - ?” Be casual, be friendly. And

perhaps it had better be a secret between you
and me that you stand guard against mis¬
spellings going to author or to press! For your
practice work take galleys after you have revised
them and pages after you have made them up.
They should have another reading after revise,
anyway, by reason of the vicissitudes of a
printing-office. Little by little you will find
yourself able to handle misspellings expertly.

For acquiring professional authority in the
matter of spellings, three things only are needed :

First. — To know . Look in the dictionary,
whose pages are as accessible to you as to me.
It is such a simple matter, if you do not know,
just to look in the dictionary. Then there will
be no gainsaying of your authority.

Second. — To be responsible. The proofreader
is not paid for his knowledge alone, but for his

willingness to take the responsibility. “I am
responsible for this,” he says. So must you
give up your hit-or-miss, don’t-have-to way of
working and cultivate a sense of responsibility
— for misspellings at least.

Third. — To become expert. Here is where
training counts. Practice for hours daily, with
the automatic assistance of a pencil and your
left-hand fingers, as I have shown you.

A friend of mine lately said to me: “I have
often wondered why the ends of your fingers
looked as though you were a blind person read¬
ing the Braille type. They looked so sensitive
and clever.”

“I read with my fingers,” I answered, and
showed how I covered over the letters and
syllables of words as they slipped by me.

“Now what do you know about that!” was
all that she could say.

GIVING AWAY NEWSPAPER SPACE

By WILL H, MAYES

T a recent press meeting I was
seated at dinner between two
country publishers when the
conversation turned into a
discussion upon the large
amount of gratuitous service
rendered by the press for which it should
demand and get pay. “Never again,” said one
of them, “never again will I give away news¬
paper space to boost any politician or political
organization. The space in my paper hereafter
will be paid for at regular advertising rates.
Because a man has been consistently a fool all
his life it does not follow that he should per¬
sistently remain a booby the rest of his days.”

Of course an assertion and admission like that
called for further explanation, which came
promptly. “Last year there was a hot political
campaign in my county in which opposing lines
were closely drawn. Both sides were thor¬
oughly organized and liberal campaign funds
were contributed. My temperament leads
me to take sides even in a street dog fight, so I

followed my natural inclination and, with all
the enthusiasm of my nature, pitched into
the campaign, first subscribing liberally to the
campaign fund. I began with a few broadsides
and announced my intention to “lay on,
Macduff” to the end of the fight. Within a
week, subscribers began ordering their papers
stopped, and before the campaign was over,
nearly two hundred had been lost. Did I
weaken? Not a bit. I was too much in earnest
to worry over this loss, and, besides, I thought
my advocacy of the right would win at least
as much business as I was losing. I have a
job-office in connection with my newspaper
business. The last day of the contest I was
surprised to find that the only really profitable
piece of job-printing ordered by my friends had
been given to a competing job-office, the owner
of which was known to have maintained a
placid neutrality throughout the fight. I in¬
quired why I had been used for all free publicity
and had been ignored when it came to placing
business, and was told that the job-printer was

624

THE INLAND PRINTER

February , 1918

given the work in the hope that it might secure
his vote and influence in the election. I was
safe, so why worry about me?

“That was not the worst feature of it. As
usual in such campaigns, there was a financial
deficit and our committee called on me to
subscribe to a fund for paying off the debts,
including that to the competing job-printer,
who had paid in nothing and had made a plump
profit on the work he had done. Did I sub¬
scribe? Well, guess.

“On my rounds among the people, I made
some inquiries and found that I was the only
fellow in the county who had worked for
nothing. The committee had paid for adver¬
tising signs, for postage, for clerical help, for
automobile hire, for hotel bills, for telephone
and telegraph service — for everything except
newspaper space, which cost me a little over
ten cents an inch, a total of some $235.

“To cap the climax, the next week the chair¬
man of our campaign committee, who is one of
the town’s leading merchants, and who had
been a regular advertising patron, cut out his
advertising, giving as his reason that he had
spent so much money in the campaign that he
was forced to economize and had decided to
leave out his advertisement for the present.

“What do you think of that kind of treat¬
ment,” he added, “and do you blame me for
reforming?”

“Well, I believe I can go you one better,”
the other newspaper man said. “One of my
college mates from a neighboring town ran
against one of my townsmen for Congress. I
supported him with my paper because we had

been college chums. With my help he was
elected, carrying the county in which I live.
Naturally the home candidate didn’t love me
any the better for using the influence of my
paper against him, and didn’t throw any
business my way. My candidate was four
times elected to Congress, the same candidates
running against each other every time, and I
stuck loyally to my friend all the while, using
whole columns at a time in his behalf. His
opponent was a strong man, and I didn’t have
a thing against him, but merely liked my man
better because of old associations.

“Finally, my congressional friend made a
fatal political mistake and was defeated. He
decided to retire from politics to practice law,
moving out of the district to a near-by city.
The only money he had ever paid me was the
subscription price of my paper. When I saw
that he had moved to the city I changed the
address so that the paper would reach him
there promptly. In a short time I received a
courteous letter thanking me for my loyal
support, but stating that as he had retired from
political life forever he would not need my paper
longer. He did not say anything about paying
for past due subscription, but I looked over my
book and found he was owing 12 cents.”

“Did you send him a bill?” I asked.

“Of course I did, and — what do you
think? — the fellow sent me a check on his
local bank for the amount. I found it would
cost me ten cents to cash it, so I had it framed
and hung in my office as a perpetual reminder
of the days when I was more loyal to my
political friends than to my own family.”

THE question is not. Will men honor you for your |
work? but, Does your work honor you? Your concern |

is not only to create profits for yourself but to make that J

which will profit many besides yourself — Osora S. Davis. |

4“ . . ° * ° ° °« ° ° ° ° ° ° a m ° m ° a ° “ iot ‘4»

The Bridle Path in Van Courtland Park, New York City.

An excellent rendering, in four colors, of a winter scene from a photograph.
Engraved and printed by The Colorplate Engraving Company, New York city.

February, igi8

THE INLAND PRINTER

625

Special Announcement.

Owing to unforeseen contingencies — which emphasize
more forcibly than ever the fact that in this country we are
now working under war conditions — this issue of The
Inland Printer goes to our readers somewhat reduced
from its former size. It has been our custom to dose the
last form on the twentieth of each month in order to get
the issue in the mails by the first of the succeeding month.
While the present issue was well under way, there was
considerable copy still in the course of preparation when
the closing down of the entire plant and building was
precipitated by the action of the Fuel Administration,
which shut down many of the industries for the five days
from January 18 to 22, inclusive. Though efforts were
made all day on January 17 to secure a ruling from the
local board, permission to keep the plant in operation was
not forthcoming, and no further work could be done until
the twenty-third. To have a sufficient amount of matter
to complete the issue in its regular size put into type after
that date would necessarily mean considerable delay in
getting into the mails: and in view of the fact that many
copies of our January number were delayed in reaching
subscribers owing to the unprecedented weather condi¬
tions in this section of the country, it was considered
advisable to close with the amount of matter that was
already set in type and make deliveries as early as possible,
rather than inconvenience or disappoint our readers who
look for their copies early in the month. We are certain
our many readers will bear with us in this emergency, and
we assure them that the following number will appear in
its regular size.

In the correspondence columns of this issue appears a
letter relating to the printing of copyrighted popular songs
without permission. The letter is self-explanatory, and
hardly requires further comment. Printing the words
of popular songs on the back of cards announcing certain
classes of social functions, such as picnics, masquerades,
etc., is a practice that has been followed to a very large
extent, and when these songs are copyrighted, as most
of them are, the practice is a violation of the copyright.

Appeals for magazines and newspapers for the boys
at the various camps, and also at the front, have come
from several sources. Two letters are inserted in the
correspondence columns this month. Our readers can do
a great deal toward brightening the leisure hours of these
5-4

boys by sending copies of periodicals which they have
finished reading and have no further use for. Placing a
one-cent stamp on any periodical, without wrapping or
addressing, and handing it to any postal employee, will
insure its being placed in the hands of our soldiers or
sailors at the front. This is one of the little things we can
all do, and it is a service that is greatly appreciated by
those who are giving their lives for our welfare.

To those following the course of the fourth national
foreign trade convention, held in Pittsburgh a year ago,
it is unnecessary to state that the one to be held in April
of this year — a brief announcement of which appears
in the news columns of this issue — will be of even greater
interest and importance, as this country is destined to
occupy a far more prominent place in world commerce
in the future. The part of foreign trade in winning the
war, the demands and problems of the renewed compe¬
tition after the war, the war-winning value of foreign trade
in sustaining credit through the maintenance of the gold
reserve, and in insuring supplies of necessary raw materials
for war use, will be given thorough consideration and
discussion. The printing industry is vitally interested
in the welfare of all other industries, therefore this con¬
vention should have the hearty support of printers
throughout the country.

No Increase in Third-Class Postage.

In the following letter, J. A. Pierce, manager of The
Pierce Printing Company, of Fargo, North Dakota, calls
our attention to a statement appearing in The Printer’s
Publicity department in our last issue.

We are surprised to see on page 511 of the January issue, under the title,
“Selling by Mail,” the statement that “the advance in the cost of distrib¬
uting direct-by-mail advertising has caused no worry,” etc., and we are
wondering if your editor is laboring under the quite common belief that
third-class mail postage has been increased.

We have had considerable difficulty proving to our own clients that it
does not cost any more to mail direct advertising than it did before the new
postage rules went into effect.

If your use of the word “distribution” covers other than postage, of
course it is correct; but if it does not cover postage, we are wondering upon
what grounds the statement is made. We have certainly mailed out large
quantities of direct advertising since the law went into effect, without any
increased cost to our customers, and in consequence we would expect that
there would be no let-up in the amount of that kind of advertising sent out
from that cause.

The editor of The Printer’s Publicity department did
not refer to increased postage in the statement quoted,
but, rather, to the general increase in the costs of pro¬
ducing advertising literature. We realize, however, that

626

THE INLAND PRINTER

February , 1918

there is a possibility of the statement being misinterpreted
and taken as a direct reference to increased postage.

Mr. Pierce has brought forward a point that it would
be well for all printers to keep in mind. In some
manner or other, we can not explain, third-class postage
was overlooked, either intentionally or otherwise, by the
framers of the Revenue Bill, and no increase was tacked
on this section of the postal service. (Second-class post¬
age should have received the same treatment, by the way,
but it didn’t, which also is beyond explanation.)

Something for Employing Printers to Think Over.

The following letter from a master printer in New
York contains considerable food for thought on the part
of employing printers, and we give it without comment:

We have made increases all along the line in the different scales, averaging
from fifteen to twenty per cent. The increases to unskilled and unorganized
labor have been much greater than those to the higher priced men and bring
the total increase up close to twenty per cent. The business in sight does
not warrant this, but the cost of living and the scarcity of men made it
necessary. As the war continues it will become more and more difficult to
secure labor, particularly unskilled labor.

In 1905 we had a fifty-four-hour week and the scale was:

Compositors (hand men) . . 36 cents per hour

Feeders . 28 cents per hour

Flat-bed pressmen . 40.8 cents per hour

In 1918 we have a forty-eight-hour week and the scale is:

Compositors

(hand men) 58 1-3 cents per hour — an increase of 62 per cent

Feeders . 43.8 cents per hour — an increase of 65 per cent

Flat-bed press¬
men . 60.4 cents per hour — an increase of 30 per cent

In 1903 we required at those prices fewer men to accomplish the same
amount of work.

Rollers, oil, tympan paper, rags, benzine, tools, repairs — everything
that enters into the business — have continuously and greatly increased.

The standard prices in 1905 were, per hour:

Hand composition . $1.30

Presswork, sheet 33 by 4 6 or larger, exclusive of ink . 2.50

In spite of all this, many printers are charging the same prices that they
did in 1903, are assuming new contracts running over at least a year and
sometimes several years, agreeing to give future service at a certain stipulated
price when they do not know what it will cost them to get it or if they can
get it at any price at all.

It seems to me that it behooves us to do two things: The first is to make
it sufficiently attractive in these stressful times for our employees to remain
in this business and not seek new fields; the other is that we take immediate
means to secure proper compensation and profit from our chosen business.
Some are talking about an increase of twenty per cent, some an increase of
twenty-five per cent, and some say they hope to do this and hope to do that.
The amount of increase we really want and should charge depends entirely
upon what we are now getting for the work. Many of the prices being
charged would not pay if increased twenty-five per cent. The printer should
get cost plus a reasonable profit, not less than ten per cent.

No printer can tell what he is entitled to without knowing his costs.
My advice for the new year to all printers is to install a Standard cost
system and to know what costs really are, not what somebody says or guesses
they are, so that when the printer makes a price he will make it at known
cost and add thereto a reasonable profit, instead of making it, as so many
are now, on what the other man’s price is or what the customer says the
other man’s price is. No customer will deny that we are entitled to cost
plus a reasonable profit.

When we tell our men that we can not give them an increase because
there is not the money in the business, we confess ourselves very poor busi¬
ness men; when customers jockey one man against another, then they tell
us we are a very poor lot of business men; and when the printer runs around
to a possible customer to tell him where another printer is charging him too
much in the eyes of the hungry customer-hunter, then that babbler is demon¬
strating himself to the customer as a very poor business man.

If the printers would only get together and discuss costs they would
learn many things good for their suffering businesses. If, instead of trying
to see how low they can figure a job, the bidding printers would get together
and discuss the costs of that job, they very often would find mistakes in
figuring, either in the time or the material, or the cost of that time and
material. They won’t get every job after such discussion, but they don’t
get them now — none of us get ten per cent of the jobs on which we esti¬
mate — but on the jobs secured under this consultation scheme the printer
will make money, and that is more than can be truthfully said right now.

The Printing-Ink Situation.

Fortunate, indeed, are those printers who possessed
foresight sufficient to enable them to lay in reserve stocks
of materials. It is probably safe to say, however, that
they were very few, as it would require far more foresight
and prophetical power than is given to ordinary human
beings to tell what the morrow will bring forth for any of
the business interests of the country. Furthermore, the
nature of the printers’ product is such that it does not
permit of telling in advance, to any great extent, just
what the requirements for the future will be.

That we are at war is a fact that can not be too strongly
emphasized, and methods of doing business must be
reorganized constantly to meet new conditions. Prefer¬
ence will, and must, be given those industries directly
essential to the conduct of the war, but there are also
industries that are absolutely essential to those engaged
in the production of war materials and supplies.

The question naturally arises : Is the printing industry
one of these? We answer, most emphatically, that it is.
This fact we endeavored to set forth in these columns in
our December issue.

One phase of the present situation which has probably
not received the consideration it should from all in the
allied industries is that confronting the manufacturers of
printing-inks, which is set forth in the following extracts
from a letter sent out by David Goe, secretary of the
National Association of Printing-Ink Makers:

A grave crisis faces the country because of the failure of the Priority
Board to grant cars for carbon black and other absolutely essential raw
materials for the manufacture of printing-ink.

Unless the sixty factories — where every pound of printing-ink used in
America is made — get an immediate supply of materials, and especially
carbon black from the gas-wells of West Virginia, the supply of ink to news¬
papers and publishers, and printers for railroads, express and other common
carriers, must necessarily fail.

We have been shifting small lots of supplies remaining on hand from
one plant to the other in the effort to equalize the tension and the production
at various points. We are, however, at the end of our resources in that direc¬
tion. We have between twenty-five and fifty cars of raw material blockaded
between West Virginia points and New York city, and have been unable
to get any orders from Washington officials which will enable us or the rail¬
roads to move these cars. We are even anxious to ship material by express
and pay the excessive cost.

We fully realize that war materials, coal and foodstuffs must be moved.
We also realize that a continual supply of print-paper, now under considera¬
tion with the Federal Trade Commission, is necessary. But of what arail
will be print-paper ■without printing-ink ? And how will public utilities, such
as railroads, telegraph and telephone companies, do business without the
necessary printed blank forms? How will the various departments of
Government transmit orders and intelligence without the necessary printed
forms?

We do not know how to make the situation any plainer or how to point
out any more urgently the serious and menacing condition because of the
vanishing supply of printing-ink. It requires nearly forty thousand pounds
daily for New York city papers alone.

As a group of manufacturers we have in the last three years invested
many millions in increased plants for the production of materials — dyes,
chemicals, etc., formerly imported from abroad.

It is unnecessary to say that this is a matter in which
printers are vitally interested, and it brings more forcibly
to mind the fact that, just as no man can live unto himself
alone, so each industry is dependent upon all others for
its existence. Printers in every part of the country should
give their immediate and whole-hearted support to the
printing-ink makers in order to have this situation straight¬
ened out without delay.

February, 1918

THE INLAND PRINTER

627

W$m!am

CORRESPONDENCE

While our columns are always open for the discussion of any relevant subject, we do not necessarily indorse the opinions of contributors. Anonymous letters
will not be noticed; therefore correspondents will please give their names — not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. All letters of

more than one thousand words will be subject to revision.

Send Trade Papers to the Boys in the Camps.

To the Editor: Camp Dix, N. J.

Having been in camp three months, I have never yet seen
a trade paper of any kind among the large numbers of maga¬
zines sent to the various camps.

If the printers and pressmen who are “left behind” will
place a one cent stamp on their trade papers and magazines
they will be sent to the camps. No wrapping or address is
required. And they will be doing the men of our craft a real
service.

Possibly a line or two in your correspondence column about
this will aid in getting them started.

Until recently I subscribed to your valuable paper myself,
and I hope to soon have my name on your mailing-list again.

Wishing The Inland Printer more success than ever in
19x8, I am Linn D. MacDonald,

Band, Corporal , 310th Infantry , Headquarters Co ., Camp Dix.

Publishing Copyrighted Songs without Consent of
Owner of Copyright.

To the Editor. New York, N. Y.

We are the attorneys for Leo Feist, Incorporated, engaged
in the publishing of copyrighted musical compositions. From
time to time, at various points throughout the United States,
we find frequent instances where printers have violated the
Federal Copyright Law by publishing, without the consent of
the copyright owner, copyrighted works.

This occurs most frequently in the following manner:

A group of individuals, or some club or society desiring
to hold a public ball, dance or other gathering, in order to
advertise the affair gives an order to a printer to print a
quantity of “throw-away cards.” On one side of the card you
will find the announcement of the proposed affair and on the
other side of the card you will find the words of some song.

The printers are probably ignorant of the fact that the
printing of the words of a copyrighted song constitutes a
violation of the Copyright Law and is punishable as a mis¬
demeanor. Section 28 of the Copyright Law provides as
follows :

That any person who wilfully and for profit shall infringe any copyright
secured by this act, or who shall knowingly and wilfully aid or abet such
infringement, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction
thereof shall be punished by imprisonment for not exceeding one year or
by a fine of not less than $100 nor more than $1,000, or both, in the discretion
of the Court.

Our client, being the owner of a great number of so-called
popular songs, feels that it is seriously damaged by these
frequent violations of the law and has therefore determined to
stop this practice.

The matter has already been referred to the United States
Attorney in various districts, but before proceeding further we
thought that it would be better to notify printers so that they

generally would know of the law and would take care not to
violate it any further.

We have written to various people in the locality of New
York connected with the printing-trade, and it has been
suggested by the secretary of the Essex Trade Council of
Newark, New Jersey, that you publish a trade journal and that
you would be glad to have an opportunity of calling this matter
to the attention of your subscribers. We appreciate that in most
cases the printers do not intend to violate the law, and we,
therefore, are taking advantage of every opportunity that is
presented to us to call the matter sharply to their notice, so
that they may guard against any further unwitting violations.

If you can give this matter prominence in your paper, we
think it would be greatly appreciated by the trade. If you
have any suggestions as to how we can effectually reach all
people in the trade, we would be glad to consider them and
endeavor to follow them out. Gilbert & Gilbert,

By Francis Gilbert.

Newspapers and Magazines Wanted for the Boys
at the Front.

To the Editor: London, England.

Since America’s entry into the war we have been besieged
with requests for American newspapers and periodicals for the
American troops in France and in Great Britain.

You may easily understand that those lads are clamoring
for their “home” news, but as they are always moving it would
be difficult for them to keep track of their home newspapers.

For this reason I have established a department here which
has grown to very large dimensions already, solely for the
purpose of supplying American troops with American news¬
papers. We are acting for the American Y. M. C. A. in this
connection, and several philanthropic Americans in London
have placed funds at our disposal to facilitate this work.

It occurs to me that some of the American newspapers
might like to cooperate by putting us on their mailing-lists for
regular copies of their newspapers, and they can rest assured
that such papers will certainly reach the hands of some one or
another of the American troops from their particular city.

Would you not be inclined to insert a paragraph in The
Inland Printer asking the newspapers to render this little
service to the men who are fighting their battles?

Newspapers can be addressed to the Borland Newspaper
Agency, 16 Regent street, London, S. W. 1, and from us they
will be circulated suitably.

Several American newspapers and magazines are already
doing this.

Outside this gratuitous service, we are sending, on behalf
of American troops, regular subscription orders to a large
number of American newspapers for those who want a regular
copy. G. W. Kettle,

Managing Director, Dorland Newspaper Agency.

628

THE INLAND PRINTER

February, igiS

INCIDENTS IN FOREIGN GRAPHIC CIRCLES.

BY OUR SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT.

GREAT BRITAIN.

Effective January i, the electrotypers and stereotypers
have advanced their current prices another twelve and one-half
per cent, making the total increase so far twenty-five per cent.

For reasons sufficient from his point of view, says the
British Prink’, the average printer has for many months
refrained from adding to his stock of composing-room material,
and sorts of every kind are running short. As one result of
this policy, directly new work of any magnitude comes to hand
the average office is industriously occupied in “picking,” and
body stuff in particular becomes much ground down. It is
true that secondhand type has flowed into the market as a
result of closing up businesses, but against this is the steady
drain upon old type to feed the all-devouring maw of munition
purposes. Thus it comes about that printing-establishments
throughout the country are in all probability understocked
with material in the composing department. This might not
matter overmuch if the typefoundries were able to supply
any demands made upon their resources, now and in the near
future. They are not. The various foundry staff's were too
skilled in metal questions to be overlooked when the country
took stock of its resources, and, even when men were not with¬
drawn directly for the forces, so many were required for
government work that very few indeed are left to carry on the
normal business of typecasting. When the demand for new
type comes it will come in hosts, and it is pretty certain that
the typefounders will be unable to supply everybody, with
so much leeway to make up, new staffs to train and new metal
conditions to face.

GERMANY.

The German Master Printers’ Association, according to
its last annual report, has 4,241 members and assets to the
amount of 103,000 marks ($24,514).

The paper scarcity caused the Kamenz Tageblatt to print
an issue on green circular-paper, and the Zeitung fur das
Meissner Hochland, at Neustadt, to print a number of issues
on wrapping-paper.

The power printing-press factory of Koenig & Bauer, at
Zell, near Wurzburg, has set aside a fund of 200,000 marks to
assist those of its employees who have been wounded or
incapacitated in the war, and their widows and dependents.

Because of the war drawing away skilled male labor from
the printing-trades about 3,000 unskilled male and female
workpeople have been installed. The results are not as
satisfactory as could be wished. The general verdict is that
the female workers can not earn the wages that are ordained
for them.

The fire-insurance association of the German master
printers during iqi6 received 110,550 marks in fees, etc., and
disbursed 4,457 marks in payment of losses, which would show
relatively small damages sustained by the trade through fires.
The association’s outstanding policies amount to 92,560,070
marks ($22,029,296).

It is reported that fifty-six new printing-trade companies
have been formed in Germany, representing a capital of
15,207,000 marks. On the other hand, it is estimated that
of the nine thousand printing-offices existing in Germany
before the war, two thousand are now closed, because of
proprietors and employees being called to the front, as well as
because of other war effects.

A communication not long ago addressed by the Associa¬
tion of Metropolitan Newspaper Publishers to the royal
chancellor reads about as follows, this being a translation:
■“For several weeks, because of the totally inadequate delivery

of news-paper, which does not even assure the Berlin dailies
of the amount allotted to them, it has become the rule that
the publishers at noon do not know if their journals can appear
the next day. As the danger that this or that publication may
be prevented from appearing is constantly becoming greater,
the members of this association have entered into an agree¬
ment, according to which every publisher who at 1 p. m. is not
sure of having a certain minimum quantity of paper for the
next morning’s edition, may demand of other publishers that
they issue no papers on the same morning. The members
felt it to be necessary to enter upon the agreement to hinder
members who may be more fortunate in securing paper supplies
from enjoying advantages over the less fortunate.”

SWEDEN.

It is intended, at Stockholm, to reproduce photographically
the celebrated manuscript Bible of the Gothic bishop Ulfila,
which is now in the University Library at Upsala. This
Bible is known as the “Codex Argenteus,” because of the fact
that for the most part it was written in silver letters upon a
purple-colored parchment, which in time has faded to a sort
of pale lilac. This Ulfila manuscript, by far the most complete
of all the fragments surviving of this Bible translation, was
discovered in the sixteenth century in the monastery at
Werden am der Ruhr, Germany, and put into the literary
collection of Emperor Rudolph II., at Prague, Bohemia, from
whence, at the capture of that city in 1548 by Count Konigs-
marck, it was taken by him to Stockholm. Later on it found
its way to Holland, where the Swedish royal chancellor, Count
de la Gardie, repurchased it for his country. He had the work,
which embraces 177 leaves, bound in silver covers and deposited
it in the Upsala Library, where it has since been that institu¬
tion’s most cherished treasure.

HOLLAND.

The boycott is used by the Dutch Master Bookbinders’
Association as a legitimate means of bringing the members of
the trade and others into line. In a recent issue of its official
journal, in a prominent position on the front page, are the
names of a couple of Dutch printing-firms from whom the
association houses are forbidden to accept binding work.
Just below is the name of another firm from whom the boycott
has been lifted, following its submission to the association’s
rules.

Holland has the following general organizations in the
printing-trade: Of the master printers — Federation of Print¬
ing Offices, Catholic Association of Master Printers and
Christian Association of Master Printers. Of the employees —
General Typographical Association, Catholic Federation of
the Graphic Arts, Christian Federation of the Graphic Arts
and Federation of Local Typographical Unions. All these
societies enjoy civil rights.

ITALY.

The Milan Book-Trades School, which is under the
protectorate of the Societa Umanitaria, last October started
day courses for boys in the sixth grade of the public schools,
to teach them hand composition; letterpress, litho and process
printing; sterotyping, electrotyping and bookbinding. The
teachers will receive 250 lire per month remuneration.

FRANCE.

The printers at Bayonne, Mantes, Lebourne, Mont-de-
Marsan, Constantine, Oyonnax and Bordeaux have secured
advances in wages. At Nantes, the linotypers have also
secured an advance, and the other printery workers are agi¬
tating for a similar purpose.

DENMARK.

The exportation from this country of goatskins of all kinds,
prepared and unprepared, has been prohibited.

February , igi8

THE INLAND PRINTER

629

BY S. II. HORGAN.

Queries regarding process engraving, and suggestions and experiences of engravers and printers, are solicited for this department. Our technical research
laboratory is prepared to investigate and report on matters submitted. For terms for this service address The Inland Printer Company.

Christmas Greetings.

The use of Christmas, Easter and other holiday-greeting
cards is growing, as evidenced by the increased number received
by the editor of this department this season. It is a custom
that should be encouraged by engravers and printers as an
aid to business. Still, out of the number received from relief-
plate engravers, many were cards made by intaglio-plate
engravers, thoughtlessly sent, not realizing that it was a reflec¬
tion on their own engraving method. Cards engraved and
printed by a visiting-card engraver have a stiffness and for¬
mality not in keeping with the joyousness of the Christmas
season. Photoengravers should design their own cards if for
no other reason than to show confidence in the art possibility
of their own establishment. Louis Flader says in the Photo-
Engravers' Bulletin: “The greatest gift bestowed upon the
world is the birth of Christ,” so, when getting up a Christ’s
birthday card, do not be afraid to refer to Christ. Think of
how senseless a Washington’s birthday card would be without
reference to Washington. Furthermore, the stable at Bethle¬
hem, the virgin mother and the infant Christ will continue to
be the finest of art subjects for all ages.

Explosives Law and Negative-Making.

F. W. Fay, Boston, writes: “Now that the Government
is demanding that we photoengravers take out a license and
put up a bond before we can use alcohol and nitro-cellulose for
the making of collodion, I write to ask if there is not a dis¬
carded process of negative-making that we might use as a
substitute for the collodion process. Many of these tried-out
processes were too slow, but now that we have powerful electric
lights and quick-working lenses they might help us out until
this ‘blank’ war is over.”

Answer. — There are a number of the early processes that
might be improved in the light of modern knowledge and put
into practical use, such as the calotype and Greenlaw’s process,
which furnished negatives on paper and which have their
counterpart in some of the modern bromide papers. The
great trouble with them is the difficulty of reversing unless a
prism is used, which doubles the length of exposure. Negatives
on glass supports might be made with albumen or gelatin as
the medium of holding the sensitive salts, and here again comes
difficulty in stripping the negatives. Of course, dry plates can
be used, either gelatin or collodion, and where the number of
negatives required is not great they are really economical.
It is a splendid opportunity for the marketing of a reliable
collodion dry plate as a wet-plate operator can handle it so
much more satisfactorily than a gelatin plate. In fact, the
situation may bring out an entirely new method of negative¬
making. It is suggested that the term “nitro-cellulose” be
not used, nor “guncotton” either, as they sound too explosive.
The proper word is “pyroxylin” for the soluble cotton used in
collodion. It is further suggested to our correspondent that

he apply for a license, put up his bond and continue the use of
collodion if he wants to save himself time and money and
continue to do high quality half-tone engraving.

Photoengraver Becomes Public Printer.

Few photoengravers are better known to organizations of
union men and employing photoengravers than Peter J. Brady,
who has just been made Public Printer by Mayor John F.
Hylan of New York city. Mr. Brady has held all the offices

Peter J. Brady,

Supervisor of The City Record, New York city.

in Photoengravers’ Union No. 1, being vice-president for three
years and president from 1910 to 1916. He is first vice-
president of the International Photoengravers’ Union of North
America, and president of the New York State Allied Printing
Trades Council. He was secretary of the conference of organ¬
ized labor on industrial education and attracted attention by-
accusing Rockefeller influences of manipulating the Board of
Education. He also demanded, in a public investigation, that
the names of unions whose telephone wires the police were
listening in on be given. For many years he has been a hard
fighter for legislation to protect workers in factories, and also
against child labor. He was one of the early advocates of the
Workmen’s Compensation Law, which became law under Gov¬
ernor Glynn. Mr. Brady was recommended to the attention

630

THE INLAND PRINTER

February, igi8

of Mayor Hylan by a petition signed by the officers of the
trade-unions of New York city. The metropolis expends
nearly a million dollars annually in printing and stationery,
and though Mr. Brady is but thirty-six years old he knows
intimately the manufacturing end of the allied printing-trades
and the people connected with them. He carries the good
wishes of all photoengravers for his success in office.

“ The Weekly Times Annual,” Melbourne.

From Melbourne, Australia, comes once more the welcome
Weekly Times Annual, showing more ambitious use of color¬
printing, three-color plates being used in the advertisements
to great advantage. In fact, there is a basket of fruit printed
in three colors in an advertisement that would be creditable
to engravers and printers anywhere. There appears to be
excellent cooperation between artist, platemaker and press¬
man on this publication to obtain the artistic results shown
through the use of tint-plates in combination with half-tones
printed in black, and in the graded color-tints in backgrounds
and skies by the aid of split ink-fountains. All of the half¬
tones have a crispness and brilliancy, due to getting the effects
without “flashing,” which is overdone in this country. They
are not afraid to leave solid blacks in half-tones in Australia,
and do not gray them with small white half-tone dots as is the
rule here, consequently there is greater depth in Australian
half-tones, from the solid blacks of the deepest shadows to the
almost pure whites of the highest lights. In short, the Aus¬
tralian photoengraver “gets it in the negative,” which has
been constantly advocated in this department.

Answers to a Few Correspondents.

S. J. P., Detroit: Though at least 150 men have enlisted
from the offices and workrooms of the engraving houses in
New York city, there appears to be no scarcity of help at
present, owing to the decreased demand for engraving.

“Prof.”, Notre Dame University: Telegraphing pictures
will likely be developed rapidly after the war, since it has been
discovered that tungsten is more sensitive to light than sele¬
nium. Pictures may be transmitted by wireless.

P. J. O’Neill, Boston: There are many forms of solid
bitumen, such as gilsonite, from Utah; grahamite, from West
Virginia; and albertite, from Nova Scotia. Many of these
are used in inkmaking and all are acid resists.

Enlarged Photographs with Coarse Grain.

“Engraving house,” New York, showed the writer some
exhibits of photographic copy which had been received to make
half-tones from. They were from a moving-picture concern
for which the company does a large amount of engraving.
The customer admitted that the photographs showed too
coarse a grain to make good half-tones and would improve the
copy if they but knew how. An opinion was asked as to the
possibility of getting rid of the coarse grain in the photos.

Answer. — The photographs shown were all enlargements
from small negatives, some of them from the miniature nega¬
tives made in the moving-picture camera, and of course all
the blemishes and grain of the original negatives were greatly
exaggerated by magnification. Coarseness of grain in dry
plates increases with the speed of the plate, but it is multiplied
to a great extent by rushing the development in a warm
developer. Slow tank development in cool developer makes
for finer grains in the developed image. Then, if the negative
is treated to a bath of, say, thirty grains of chrome alum to
an ounce of water after fixing, this will shrink or contract the
gelatin film so that the grains are brought closer together and
are not so conspicuous. The best way to get satisfactory
enlargements from such small negatives is to make a greatly
enlarged transparency or bromide print, have either of these

retouched by an artist experienced in this line, and from these
retouched enlargements make the reduced negatives and the
final prints for half-tone reproduction.

Chinese Have a Photoengraving Plant.

From the China Photoengraving & Printing Company,
Shanghai, China, comes the letter reproduced herewith. Fear¬
ing that it might contain something seditious it was returned

‘t

\K * $ *

s*Q V?p 'S'

ttfi-

«. M M
% Sir Al

it $

-*T

't' &

Sr §

jr :l f §• t

J? ^

Jfitff

F A? A V

9r * 5J- & 5

T -- -r <?*-

?• £ * A* % *4

S' Jr 5\ 2. *£

for a translation in English. The following was sent back
with the original, and readers can judge for themselves if the
translation is correct:

“A Book Which We Learned From. Mr. Horgan’s Half-tone
is a book from which we learned a great deal about the photo¬
engraving processes. A beginner of this line of business will
find this book a very important and valuable one. Mr. Hor-
gan has more than twenty years of experience in all the photo¬
mechanical works. He was also many years in charge of the
photoengraving departments of both the New York Tribune
and The Inland Printer of Chicago. We have found that
this book is a great companion and most of our works and
formulas are based upon it.

“China Photoengraving & Printing Company, Shanghai,
China. New York office, 16 Pell street. This is the only
photoengraving plant owned and run entirely by Chinese in
China.”

The last sentence is most interesting as it tells that, though
there are several photoengraving plants in China, they are
owned by foreigners, while this one in Shanghai is what they
would call in Ireland a “Sinn Fein” or “for ourselves” shop,
from the fact that it is for Chinamen, run by Chinamen and
owned by Chinamen. May success attend it.

February , 1918

THE INLAND PRINTER

631

_ ^

<]‘ • 1

PROOFROOM

BY F. HORACE TEALL.

Questions pertaining to proofreading are solicited and will be promptly answered in this department. Replies can not be made by mail.

Same Old Dispute as to Number.

M. A. B., Williamsport, Pennsylvania, writes: “Will you
please give your opinion whether the apostrophe in the follow¬
ing is in the correct position? ‘An L. C. Smith & Bros. No. 5
Model Typewriter at One-Half Manufacturers’ Price.’ The
compositor made the word ‘manufacturer’s,’ claiming L. C.
Smith & Bros, constitute a firm and for that reason the word
should be expressed in singular form. The proofreader asserts
the word should be plural, as printed, because the noun when
used in the same sense elsewhere in the advertisement indicates
the writer wished to express a plural meaning. A copy of the
whole advertisement is enclosed.

“Also, will you please say whether an apostrophe should be
used in such expressions as ‘ten days’ trial,’ ‘three weeks’
vacation,’ etc.?”

Answer. — This is a repetition of questions that have been
answered frequently in this department, but repetitions seem
to be necessary in such cases. Direct request is made only
for my opinion, which is a good request, as it implies that there
may be other opinions, and that mine is not to be taken as a
final decision for everybody. My opinion is, to me, however,
an absolute conviction, which I do not think any one can ever
change — that is, my opinion on the first question here asked.
It is that the apostrophe is correctly placed. The proof¬
reader’s assertion is right, and should have settled the matter
finally. Compositors have no right in such cases to change
what is in their copy, except when some plainly accidental error
appears. When a firm or a corporation is considered simply
as one aggregation, the singular verb should be used; but when,
as here, the writer’s thought is evidently of the members as
individuals, the plural verb is right. In other words, correct¬
ness of construction depends on the nature of the writer’s
thought, so that with a collective noun sometimes the verb is
correctly singular, sometimes plural, and the choice rests with
the writer. In the case in question the copy should be followed
whether the word appeared elsewhere or not; but the case is
strengthened by the other use of the word, which was “manu¬
facturers’ guarantee,” and which seems to have passed un¬
challenged. Undoubtedly the two uses of the word should be
alike, both singular or both plural. My opinion is that as here
used the plural is correct. The only correct use of the singular
is when the firm is mentioned as a firm only, for instance in
asking such a question as, “What firm is involved?” That is,
as a firm, not as so many individuals.

As to the other expressions inquired about I can not answer
so as to fix a set practice for all cases. Where the sense is
plainly genitive or possessive the apostrophe should be used.
Thus, if a trial (or testing) period of one day is mentioned we
say “one day’s trial,” and for ten days it should be “ten days’
trial”; but of a trial in court, or anything similar, I should
probably say “a ten-day trial.” Many persons now seem to
object to use of the apostrophe in places where formerly it was
demanded, and it is almost impossible for an old fogy like me

to keep track of where the new idea applies. Therefore I can
not be more specific. One case is that of geographic names, as
the now prevalent Governors Island, etc. If I had my way
such names would always have the apostrophe.

Some Errors and a Lesson.

Occasion is afforded plentifully in current print, most often
but not only in newspapers, to have a good laugh over errors
made by other people, even if we fail to find much to laugh
at when called to account for the errors we make ourselves.
But something more than a laugh may be derived from an
occasional consideration of errors in print, when these errors
are not noted in a spirit merely of carping criticism. I have
always avoided the too common habit of making fun of other
people’s errors, which seems to be the most frequent intention
in writing about them, and therefore am led to hope that
those who read this will find in it a sincere spirit of helpfulness
and an actual indication of beneficial practice.

Recently two evening papers in New York published a
story from Camp Upton about a soldier’s study of an old
Venetian writing. One of the papers called the soldier “a
romance language scholar,” and said that “the question
whether Cicero or Conificius wrote the Herennium has agitated
numerous scholars.” It also mentioned a pamphlet entitled
“Les Filigaranes,” which should have been “Les Filigranes.”
It had Conificius three or four times.

The other paper reported the soldier as saying, “Cicero
did not write the rhetoric to Herennium,” and “I am of the
opinion that Confucius wrote it.”

As a matter of fact, there are Romance languages, but no
romance languages; and absolutely every person fit to be a
proofreader should know it. Of course every reporter should
know it also, but we are not concerned with reporters. Re¬
porters are not given to carefulness in such matters, but
proofreaders should make the needed correction. It would
often pay a proofreader to consult the dictionary.

It would be absurd to assert that every proofreader should
know that Conificius was an error for Cornificius, yet how
much more satisfying the result would be if it had been sus¬
pected, as it should have been, and the correct name had been
found in encyclopedias. But books of reference are not
always at command, as they well might be, and without them
chances must be taken on the accuracy of copy.

Copy or no copy, what proofreader should be so utterly
ignorant as to think it possible that Confucius could have been
the author of a Latin book on rhetoric? And another exhibit
of ignorance was made in saying that the rhetoric was dedicated
“to Herennium.” It was dedicated u ad Herennium,” which
means “to Herennius.” “Les Filigaranes” may have been a
mere typographical error.

The lesson pointed by these errors is one of general need,
that has been learned fairly well by some of our people, but
not In' nearly enough of them. Everybody needs to have a

032

THE INLAND PRINTER

February, 1918

certain amount of suspicion instantly aroused by these doubtful
matters, enough to force the instant effort to ascertain by some
means, research or inquiry, what is correct.

Mark to Indicate N or U.

G. S., Chicago, writes: “We had in copy the name Heupel,
with mark above the middle letter. We made this read
Henpel, and the customer says we should have known that the
dash above indicated a u (Heupel). Who is at fault in this
matter?”

Answer. — The customer, decidedly, is at fault. I have
never heard of any one else who would use the distinguish¬
ing dash as he did. His use of it above the letter plainly
ordered an n. The dash always indicates the closed part of
the letter, and for a u it should be beneath. This customer
seems to be an impulsive man who does not stop to learn
common sense, but finds fault with others who do not know
the true inwardness of his crooked mind. We always will have
too many men of this kind. The only thing for us to do is to
keep on doing what is right, and indulge the laugh which is
invited by such inanity, even when we have to obey its insane
orders.

NEWSPAPER ENGLISH.

BY F. HORACE TEALL.

MONO the various uncertain classifications
which have been made by many writers about
what they call “bad English,” none is of less
value than the one they attempt under the
name “newspaper English.” It is true that
writers for newspapers, especially average
reporters, are not specially good users of
literary language; and a good reason for this
is not hard to find. It is simply due to the fact that newspapers
are not literature, in anything like an accepted sense of the
term literature. Their main function is reporting news of the
moment, and the news sense is often strong in men who are not
language adepts, to say the least. Ordinary reporters, in fact,
are seldom well qualified in grammar or diction, and even those
who are so qualified often have their facility in these respects
practically nullified by the stress of the inevitable rush of their
work. Much is done by desk workers in the way of correc¬
tion, but this is often too much rushed to be carefully done.

The foregoing seems to be enough of a practical summary of
conditions to indicate sufficient excuse for a laxity in English
composition, that might be called newspaper English. But the
term would be a misnomer if it were supposed to indicate any
fixed quality peculiar to newspapers, for they have no monopoly
in language of any kind.

It would not be difficult to name newspapers in which the
matter of real literary nature exemplifies the best of English
language use continuously. One will suffice. The Sun, New
York, beginning in 1868, when Charles A. Dana became its
editor, and continuing unbrokenly up to the present time, has
carefully excluded from its columns, aside from the ordinary
up-to-the-moment news which can not be delayed, everything
that can with propriety be called bad English. But we must
remember our qualification “with propriety,” and avoid, as
Dana always did, such things as William Cullen Bryant’s
accumulation of individual words that must not be used, as
casket for coffin, which is sometimes not only justifiable, but
really preferable. Dana, by the way, was slightly given to
notions of this kind, but not nearly so fussy as Bryant. One
unreasonable dictum of this sort by him was that the word
malarial must not be used, as it was not a good word!

Some of our greatest litterateurs have been newspaper men,
and undoubtedly journalism will be the chief stepping-stone for
many more, although the vast majority of newspaper workers

will always be mere reporters. It seems interesting, and also
instructive, to consider what one of our graduate journalists
said about newspapers. He was Adams Sherman Hill, who
was a newspaper writer and afterward professor of rhetoric and
oratory in Harvard University. He wrote a number of maga¬
zine essays later published as a book entitled “Our English.”
He did not mention newspaper English as a separate and
distinct classification, but one of the essays has the title “Eng¬
lish in Newspapers and Novels.”

“If,” says Professor Hill, “newspapers and novels had only
a general effect upon a reader’s mind, they would still be likely
to injure his English; but they have a direct and specific
influence upon his use of language — an influence more wide¬
spread, more insidious, and more harmful than any other; and
this is especially true in the United States, where almost every
man has his daily or at least his weekly journal, and almost
every woman spends many hours on current fiction.”

Elsewhere he says: “The misfortune is that it is the
defects rather than the merits, the bad English rather than the
good, that strikes the eye and sticks in the memory.”

I shall not criticize the statements in our first quotation,
beyond the remark that their assertions would not be easily
proved, and I personally think they are not strictly true. The
misfortune spoken of is not peculiar to reading, but is found in
all human experience. Bad habits of every kind are always
more easily acquired than good ones.

Professor Hill also tells us: “As most novelists read news¬
papers, and most journalists read novels, writers of each class
catch bad English from those of the other and adapt it to their
own purposes. Hence such differences as exist between the
two are, for the most part, traceable either to differences in
subject-matter or to the fact, already adverted to, that news¬
papers are read by more men than women, and novels by more
women than men.

“In both novels and newspapers precision in language and
nice distinctions in thought are rare. Superlatives abound.
There is little gradation, little light and shade, little of the
delicate discrimination, the patient search for truth, and the
conscientious effort to express truth exactly, which characterize
the work of a master.”

Professor Hill distinctly states that he does not consider
grammar and idiom in his criticism of newspapers and novels.
It is in these that the principal badness is found, nevertheless;
and if any certain quality of expression or construction is to be
known as newspaper English, grammar and idiom must be
included. But, after all, what is meant by that name is not
something well defined, but rather the somewhat vague quality
of badness hinted at by Mr. Charles A. Dana in the following,
from an editorial article on New York journalism, published
in 1873:

“The World is too often written in too fantastic language.
Its young men seem to vie with each other in tormenting the
language. They will do better when they learn that there is
more force in simple Anglo-Saxon than in all the words they
can manufacture.”

He said in another article: “Certain newspaper critics and
doctrinaires are in distress if the literary proprieties are violated,
and if the temper and blood of the writer actually show in his
work. They measure our journalistic production by an English
standard, which lays it down as its first and most imperative
rule that editorial writing shall be free from the characteristics
of the writer. This is ruinous to good writing, and damaging
to the sincerity of writers.”

These quotations are taken from old writings advisedly,
because the difference between their time and now, if there is
a difference, is merely one of individual detail, not of general
quality. Much newspaper English was bad in the old times,
and at least most of it is not much better now; but the bad
quality is not found in newspapers and novels alone.

DEMONSTRATING THE VALUE OF COLOR IN
CATALOGUE PRINTING.

Printed by The Henry O. Shepard Company, Chicago, in five colors — four-color process and tint
background — from engravings made direct from the goods, by The Brock-Haffner
Press, Denver, Colorado. Ault & Wiborg process inks used. Reprinted
by courtesy of the Gano-Downs Company, Denver.

February, igi8

THE INLAND PRINTER

633

BY BERNARD DANIELS.

Estimating Service.

For a long time the Cost and Method department has been
furnishing its readers with estimates as asked for and making
no charge for this service. The demand lias grown to serious
proportions, and instead of small jobs about which some of
the less experienced might be in doubt we have been receiving
numerous requests for large estimates, some of which require
several hours’ work. With many of these requests we receive
no more information than a sample of the job and the number
of copies; in many cases we are not even told whether it is a
reprint job or a similar one from new copy. This makes it
extremely difficult to figure, accurately, what the cost should
be, as there are frequently problems in connection with the
production which do not show in the finished work.

We have just finished one estimate that took two hours,
and the other day received a saucy letter and refusal to pay
the bill for an intricate estimate which was to be used as evi¬
dence in a trial in court to recover on a bill for $2,000 which
the customer disputed.

While we are always ready to help the man who is endeavor¬
ing to learn how to estimate correctly, and to go as far as
reasonable to help our subscribers to verify their estimates,
we do not maintain a clerical department devoted to estimating,
and, therefore, in the future shall be compelled to make a charge
for estimating sufficient to cover the cost of the actual work
of the necessary correspondence and postage. That this may
fall as lightly as possible on those we are anxious to assist we
have decided to make a minimum charge of 50 cents for each
estimate made for a job of the value of $50 or less, and an
additional charge of one-half of one per cent on all amounts
over $50. This will not always cover the cost of making the
smaller estimates, but will care for the clerical work and
postage.

We shall, as usual, answer all inquiries regarding cost¬
finding and office methods, either directly by mail or in these
columns, according to their interest to our readers generally.

Accurate estimating is based on the results of cost-finding
plus the records of production and efficiency. Therefore. low
hour-costs, because of low wages or other labor conditions,
do not always mean low total cost of production, as the work¬
man who is willing to work for low wages is generally less
efficient and productive.

Experience has proved that actual cost of production varies
but little in different localities when the same quality of work
is considered, and careful investigation has proved that the
cost averages found by the United Typothetae of America are
fair and safe, and we recommend them to our readers and will
use an approximation to them in our estimating. The printer
who has a lower cost per hour will probably find that he takes
a larger number of hours to do the work, while the one with a
higher cost should look for the leak in his plant and get down
to the proper basis.

This being the case, we shall use the following cost rates in
all our estimating, and will make the estimates at cost, adding

a percentage for profit on the total cost; this percentage will
be twenty-five per cent on all the better classes of work and
twenty per cent on envelopes and post-cards, and the dodger

class :

OPERATION. Per Hour.

Hand composition, make-up and lock-up . $1.50

Linotype composition . ' . 1 . go

Monotype composition, keyboard . 1.30

Monotype composition, caster . 1.50

Cutting stock . 1 . 10

Job presswork, 10 by 15 and smaller . 80

Job presswork, 12 by 18 and larger . r.oo

Pony cylinder, 25 by 38 and smaller . 1.60

Cylinder press, 28 by 42 or smaller sheet . 2.00

Cylinder press, 33 by 46 or smaller sheet . 2.20

Cylinder press, 38 by 50 and larger . 2.40

Folder, small, automatic feed . 1 .50

Folder, large, hand-fed . 1.60

Folder, large, automatic feed . 2.00

Ruling machine . 1.20

Wire-stitcher, one girl . 80

Girls, handwork . 50

All estimates will be made at these rates and no attention
will be paid to the claims of correspondents that they have
lower costs of production in some one or more departments.
The time allowance for each operation will be that shown to be
the best average practice in well-managed plants.

In making requests for estimates be careful to specify the
size, weight and quality of stock you intend using or quoting
on, and the price of that stock in your city, as it is impossible
for the Cost and Method department to know what grades are
found in your locality or the prices. Be careful to give all the
details you can regarding the job, and where there is reason to
expect many changes in the proofs, note the fact, as that may
make a difference in the method of setting or running it. For
all ruled blanks, a sample of the ruling will be required.

The fee for making the estimate should accompany the
request in the shape of a postoffice money order, bank draft
or check, payable to The Inland Printer Company.

Should you find it necessary or advisable to have further
correspondence regarding any estimate made for you there will
be no extra charge for the letter, and we will esteem it a courtesy
on your part if you will advise us as to the result of the estimate,
whether you received the job, and how nearly you were able
to work it out to the estimate.

It is the desire of the management of The Inland Printer
and of the editor of Cost and Method to make this department
as useful to as many of our readers as possible, and to render
them every service in our power toward making their busi¬
nesses profitable and smoothing out the wrinkles of trouble and
doubt that are often found in every business. But there is
one class of inquiries that we do not desire even though the
sender may be willing to pay liberally for an answer, and that
is, “How can the other fellow do it so cheap when my cost is
more than he gets?” Such discussions benefit no one, as we
can not say why, but can only estimate the right price, which
is of no value after the order is placed elsewhere.

634

Keeping Samples of Paper.

Every estimator and office man knows the value of having
just the right sample of paper at hand when making an esti¬
mate or a sale, but the average printing-office sample-file is a
snare and delusion so far as getting at it quickly and certainly
is concerned. You know the collection of sheets of various
ages and degrees of decrepitude that fill the ordinary sample-
drawer, and the uncertainty that any of them can be matched
or that they are within a mile or more of being real samples
of recent make.

An English estimator has solved the problem and given
his method to the trade in a recent issue of the British and
Colonial Printer and Stationer , and, based on his idea, we sug¬
gest the following system of handling samples of paper:

Provide a series of drawers and some 9 by 1 2 inch envelopes
of strong manila stock, or a vertical filing section and either
folders or envelopes (the writer prefers the envelopes because
they keep the samples in better condition). If the series of
drawers is used, label one for each class of stock; if the filing
cabinet is used, provide a heavy cardboard guide for each class.
Label these as “News,” “M. F. Book,” “Super,” “Coated,”
“Antique,” “Tinted Book,” etc., according to the number of
kinds that you desire to keep. Then, as each sample is re¬
ceived, mark it with the date, the name of the maker, the price,
and the weight and size; place it in an envelope, using the
fewest possible number of folds, so as to leave it in presentable
condition, and mark on the envelope the class, price and
weight of the paper it contains. This will not take any appre¬
ciable time if it is done at once when the sample is received.

Thus far you will have done nothing that many others
have not done, except that you will have done it systematically
and carefully, and have all samples of one class of stock filed
in one place.

Now our English friend comes in with his original thought.
He considers each sample the best he can buy for the price
marked on it, and when he receives another sample of a like
stock and price he carefully compares the two and determines
which is the better and files it, destroying the other. Thus he
has only one sample of each grade and price, and that is the
best that he has been offered at the price, so that he can with
confidence tell his customer that it is the best buy at the figure,
and that to get a lower figure he must use a poorer grade.

Of course, such a system of sampling requires a knowledge
of paper on the part of the printer, but he should have that to
entitle him to be an estimator or salesman of printing.

This improvement in handling samples and purchases of
paper has much to recommend it, and we advise our readers
to try it as a substitute for the present method of saving all
kinds of samples and mixing them up.

Cutting Stock Affects Register.

This does not refer to careless cutting, where the different
cuts are slightly different in size, nor to those cases where from
improper clamping the stock has drawn under the pressure of
the cut, though these will undoubtedly affect the register on
certain classes of work.

Every printer knows that paper, except certain high-grade,
hand-made papers, has a decided grain running one way,
similar to the grain in a wooden board, and that it is somewhat
easier to tear with the grain. It is also a fact that paper sub¬
jected to atmospheric changes is affected by them and swells
or shrinks according to the degree of moisture in the air, but
this shrinking is not equal, nor does the sheet always return
to the same size. In absorbing moisture the paper expands
most in the direction across the fibers; that is, in the direction
at right angles to the way in which the web ran in the machine.
To many printers these facts are well known, and they are
careful in buying cover-paper and cardboard because of the
effect of this on the folding, but few realize that the same

February , igi8

care should be exercised in buying and cutting paper for jobs
requiring register.

Few printers would think of cutting cover-paper so that
the grain ran one way in part of the sheets and the other way
in the balance, yet they will cut three and five to the sheet for
work requiring close register and blame the feeder when they
do not get it. A sheet of bond-paper will expand about one
two-hundredth part of its length with a change of humidity of
twenty degrees. Not enough to be noticed on a job printed
in one color on an n by 17 inch sheet, or in two colors that
are not in close register, but enough to spoil a job with hair-line
register. Such a sheet will expand as much as one-sixteenth
of an inch under extreme conditions, and frequently half that
much under seemingly ordinary ones.

Now, if the stock is cut all one way it is possible to shift
the form to make register, but when one part of the stock has
expanded the 17-inch way and the other the n-inch way,
because they were cut three out of 17 by 28 stock to use up a
lot of stock that could be bought a few cents cheaper, trouble
for the pressman is in sight.

This may seem a small matter, but we have seen it cost
many dollars more than the saving on stock, besides demoraliz¬
ing the pressroom, as such things are sure to do.

Make it a rule to cut all stock for colorwork so that the
grain runs the long way of the sheet, especially when it is a
job run two or more up. It is a simple remedy in advance for
the trouble that has made many a pressman weary. And
bear in mind that the only way you can be sure of the paper
running all the same is to cut it out of the same mill-run and
to specify to the paper-house that the grain must be right, for
the mill is sometimes guilty of cutting both ways to secure
the maximum output from the machine.

The Obvious in Efficiency.

Many printers, especially those running what might be
called medium-sized shops, lose a considerable amount of actual
efficiency in waiting for some special method or elaborate rules
and forms that they fondly hope the national or the local
organization is going to bring out in the near future, when they
might add to their output and profit by doing the obvious
thing and making the best of the conditions as they find them.

For instance, one such was anxiously waiting until a com¬
mittee should report on the advisability of doubling up on
certain work while he was running it single on a small jobber
and could easily have run four up on his larger press by doing
three hours’ composition. The job was costing 65 cents a
thousand for 30,000, and could have been run for 35 cents by
using 10 cents’ worth of extra paper for each thousand, which
would have left him 15 cents a thousand extra profit and a
few cents for the extra waste paper.

In nearly every job-composing room in the country we find
well-paid compositors wasting 65 to 7 s cents a day hunting
and picking sorts, and next day, or next week, picking the same
sorts, when the money wasted on the first offense would have
bought enough type to make the second unnecessary.

The pressroom is often the most efficient department of
the average job-printing plant, but the reports of the various
shops that form the basis for the United Typothetai of Amer¬
ica cost report show that the loss of time is fully thirty per
cent of the possibility. Why? Because of failure to see the
obvious in many cases and keep the size of the plant in close
relation to the size of the business by providing facilities for
handling the normal amount of work in ordinary time and
working overtime during the rush seasons to make up for the
lost time in the dull ones; also, in lack of standardization of
work and stock so as to allow for doubling up and quick
handling.

Many printers arc adding fast-running presses of various
kinds to their equipment without considering that one fast

THE INLAND PRINTER

February , 1918

THE INLAND PRINTER

635

press, which replaces two to four small jobbers, will turn out
the work so rapidly that unless special care is given to laying
out the work for it there will be such an excess of small waits
that the total results will fail of being profitable. The press
that runs 3,000 an hour loses three times as much when it is
standing as the press that does only a thousand, and the same
applies to short stoppages — the slow press loses eighteen
impressions for each minute it is stopped during the run, while
the fast one loses fifty impressions a minute.

You will not have to wait for an expert to show you where
to start in to increase the efficiency in your plant if you will
just keep your eyes open to see and your thinker working to
prevent the little waits and wastes that are accumulating into
big losses and eating the life out of the profits.

At the present time the shortage of skilled labor makes
this more important. Machinery must be made to take the
place of the missing labor and each addition of machinery adds
to the fixed expenses, and also to the possibilities for miscal¬
culation. Men can be shifted from one job to another to keep
things moving and save time that would otherwise be wasted,
but a machine is generally constructed for one class of service
and is not available for any other. This requires a higher
intelligence from foremen, and more care in planning the work
to fit the plant. The man who is always alert to do the thing
that is obvious, even though it is not what the experts recom¬
mend, is the one who will make out the best in the transfor¬
mation that is taking place in the trade, and the experience he
will get is going to be valuable, as the old conditions will never
return.

The Cost of Lock-Up.

“What does it cost to lock up ordinary forms for the job-
presses?” asks one who admits that he is a beginner in cost¬
finding and is greatly surprised at the results of his records for
stonework.

As lock-up is usually done in a medium-sized job-office, it is
difficult to keep the time on individual jobs without increasing
both the amount of clerical work required of the stone-man and
the actual time on the individual form, therefore it is customary
to bunch the time and record it as so many hours for an indi¬
cated number of forms. Then the cost clerk can average the
time over the number of forms and charge to each its pro¬
portion. In this connection, it is wise to charge two units
(two-tenths of an hour) as a minimum to any form, even
though the actual time should be a fraction less in some cases
of very small forms.

The following description of the method used in a successful
shop may help our correspondent. The stone-man picks out
several jobs that are wanted at once and lays them along one
side of the stone; from the dead-rack he then takes chases of
the right size which contain jobs of sizes similar to those he has
laid out for lock-up, laying each chase on the other edge of the
stone directly opposite to the job nearest the size of the one
in the chase; then, as he unlocks the dead jobs, he places the
chases and furniture around those to be locked up, and puts
the dead matter on a galley or ties it up as is the custom of the
shop; he then finishes the lock-up of each of these new forms
in turn, and when he has completed the lot, he makes a record
of the time on his daily time-ticket as “Lock-up of — forms,”
giving the number of forms. These being completed, he puts
them in the live-rack or sends them to the pressroom and
repeats the operation with another series.

This is an economical procedure for small commercial
forms, such as cards, bill-heads, statements, etc. When there
is a form requiring more than ordinary time, as eight pages of
a booklet or a four-page circular, time is kept on the individual
form as it will amount to enough to be easily separated and
recorded. In colorwork and forms requiring accurate register,
of course, the time is kept on each form.

Looking over the records for several months, which were
kept in this manner, it appears that the average small form
requires a fraction over ten minutes, and it has been the habit
of this firm to charge two units, or twelve minutes, for all forms
not having an individual cost-record. On mentioning this to
another printer, he asserted that his man was getting an average,
of seven forms per hour, but that he thought the two-unit charge
small enough as there were always a number of little things the
stone-man had to do which could not get on the time-ticket.

At an average cost of $1.50 this means 30.cents per form for
the lock-up, an item which many printers fail to charge for at
all, though they do not carry the stone-man’s wages into the
non-productive expense column. Therefore, they must over¬
charge those items which are reported on his time-ticket or
lose that much legitimate return.

'In an office where there are a large number of small forms
of identical size and shape to be locked up, much better time
can be made. We know of one imprint job, which required
the locking up of over three hundred forms containing two
imprints each, on which the time was only 28 hours, a little
more than five minutes each. In this case there were duplicate
forms and one man was kept busy changing them as fast as
they were returned from the presses. In such a case the total
time should be charged to the job and no attempt made to
separate the time for one form.

It is possible that a charge of 25 cents per form as cost
would be sufficient in a shop having many small forms, while
the 30 cents would be less than cost in shops where there were
only a few such forms a day and each had to be locked up at a
different time from the others.

But rest assured that it does cost something (usually more
than you have been getting) to lock up forms for the small
presses, and that it is better to be on the safe side and charge
a minute or two too much than to omit the charge altogether.

Proofs.

Who is responsible for errors that appear in the proofs sent
the customer and which he fails to mark? Why send a proof,
if the customer is not made responsible thereby?

These two questions on the same subject come from a West¬
ern printer who is evidently suffering from a customer’s claim
that he is not responsible for errors and merely wanted to see
the proof to see how the job w'as going to look. We have all
met specimens of this genus of printing buyer.

As a matter of fact, the printer is responsible for the correct¬
ness of the job in so far as spelling and following the language
of the copy goes. That is to say, he must spell the words cor¬
rectly and use the words and arrangement of sentences that the
customer gives him unless he is specially instructed or given
permission to change the grammatical construction of the copy.
The fact that he has sent the customer a proof containing a
misspelled word does not excuse him for printing that word in
the wrong spelling, even though the customer fails to see it or
mark it.

When a word is wrongly used, or used in such a way as to
defeat the object intended by the customer, the printer is in
duty bound to call his attention to the misuse of the word
when sending the proof or even before setting the job. This
is only a part of the service which the printer has been rendering
his patrons for years, and which they have a right to expect.

Of course, every job should be carefully read before being
finally proved and sent to the customer for approval, and each
proof should be accompanied by a notice that the printer will
not be responsible for the correction of any errors or the making
of any changes that are not legibly marked or written on the
proof, and that the job will not be proceeded with until the
proof is marked O. K. This will not relieve the printer from
responsibility for palpable errors or mistakes in spelling, but it
will make the customer more careful.

February , igi8

THE INLAND PRINTER

636

THE WAR TAX RETURNS OF THE PRINTER.

BY WALDON FAWCETT.

HE morning of the present year has brought a
brand-new responsibility for the average pro¬
prietor of a publishing house or commercial
printery. He must bestir himself, on or be¬
fore March 1, 1918, to file with the proper
authorities a “return” which will serve as the
basis for the collection by Uncle Sam of the
first instalment of the new “war tax,” namely
that for the calendar year 1917. It is more of a job than many
printers realize, and it is a chore that can not safely be post¬
poned or neglected, for Congress has hung a sword, in the
form of heavy penalties, over the heads of business men who
fail to step up and report.

In so far as the printing-trade is concerned, the new war
tax is a very democratic levy. That is to say, it will hit nearly
everybody except the proprietor of the most modest print-shop.
To be exact, only the printer whose profits or income were
below $2,000 last year is relieved from helping foot the war
bill in this wise, and if the aforesaid printer is so unfortunate
as to be unmarried he must pay, pay, pay, if his receipts
exceeded his losses and expenditures by more than $1,000.

For many a small printer, this coming to the scratch by
March 1 constitutes his first experience with a direct Federal
tax, war or no war. As our readers probably know, the
United States has had corporation and income taxes in force
for some years, but these were so gaged that they hit only the
more prosperous business men. A corporation has been
allowed to make a pretty fair percentage of profit on its invested
capital before it had to pay any tax (and then only two per
cent on net income), while unmarried individuals with a net
income of less than $3,000, and married persons whose net
income did not exceed $4,000, have never had to bother their
heads over the personal income tax. And just here we rise to
remark, for the benefit of those who have been sufficiently
prosperous to pay a Federal tax, that all these old taxes stand
just as in the past. The new “war tax” is clapped on top of
the existing levies, and incidentally reaches out and takes in
sundry thousands of small business men who were immune
heretofore.

Granted that every member of the printing-trade is cheer¬
fully willing to bear his share of the expense of making the
world safe for democracy, there is no question but what this
responsibility for making out the detailed statement required
by the United States Bureau of Internal Revenue is a perplexity
and a bother. That is another way of saying that the reporting
is worse, for a busy man, than the paying. However, there
is no help for it; Uncle Sam wants that bill of particulars, duly
sworn to, and the printer who has his books in such shape that
he can, without undue fuss and feathers, give all the informa¬
tion demanded by Uncle Sam can figure that he has right here
and now a reward for his systematic propensities.

At best, however, the War Revenue Act, under wdiich the
new war taxes are levied, is a complex and complicated piece
of legislation. Some of the clauses are susceptible of various
shades of meaning, according to the lights of the person reading
them. In order that the every-day business man might not be
too confused when it came time to transcribe his business
history for the year 1917, the Secretary of the Treasury has,
for some weeks past, had hard at work in an advisory capacity
a group of live-ware business men whose task has been to inter¬
pret the involved phrases of the new law. The printing
industry may be said to have had representation on this board
of advisers in the persons of E. T. Meredith, publisher of
Successful Farming, and T. W. McCullough, of the Omaha
(Neb.) Bee. There remain some points to be cleared up —
perhaps rulings by the United States Supreme Court will be

required in a few instances — but in the main the Treasury
Department’s legal experts, counseled by the business volun¬
teers just mentioned, have been enabled to figure out what
Congress meant or thought it meant. To give a rapid-fire
survey of the aspects of tax reporting most likely to concern
printing-trade executives is the object of this article.

Probably the printer, when he takes his pen in hand, will
be most concerned as to the “exemptions” which he is to be
allowed — that is, the expenses and allowances which are to
be deducted from the amount on which he is to pay income
tax or excess profits tax. There is a wide difference in the
range of items that can be “charged off” as between business
income and personal income. Before the net income of a going
business falls under the knife of the tax-collector there can be
set aside, so to speak, everything that has been paid out in the
legitimate conduct of the business. Not only rentals, cost of
paper and ink and other necessities are to be subtracted, but
even such expenses as the price of the dinners at which printing
salesmen entertained prospects in an effort to land orders.

In the case of personal income, on the other hand, there
is not allowable nearly so wide a gap between gross and net.
For instance, the printer may deduct from his turnover the
amount he has paid for insurance upon his stock or business,
property, but life-insurance premiums and fire-insurance
premiums on his residence property are held to be items of
personal expense and consequently can not be deducted in
making up his personal net income. He can not even count
out the amount paid for repairs on his dwelling-house, nor,
indeed, any items of personal expense connected in any way
with the support and maintenance of a family. To cite another
illustration, it may be related that the printer who has a
motor-truck or delivery-car is well within his rights in charging
off depreciation and cost of upkeep of that vehicle before he
begins to pay corporation or excess profits tax, but he has no
such privilege when it comes to the touring-car that he uses
for purposes of pleasure.

A point that has puzzled many small printers and pub¬
lishers, judging from the letters of inquiry that have been
received at Washington, is what rendering of accounts is proper
in the case of a printer who rents a building for use as a com¬
bination print-shop and dwelling. Perhaps the printer has his
place of business on the first floor and the family resides
upstairs. The answer in such a case is that the portion of the
rent properly chargeable to the rooms used for business pur¬
poses may be claimed as a deduction, w'hereas the rental of
the living quarters may not. This same principle extends to
fuel, light and other expenses connected wdth the occupancy
of a building and. as we have seen, to insurance premiums.
But to be let off on his payments for a telephone under such
circumstances, the printer must be prepared to swear that the
telephone is used only for business purposes.

Another responsibility that has befuddled some printers in
this tax-reporting adventure is what disposition is to be made,
in making up a balance-sheet for Uncle Sam, of the remunera¬
tion paid to members of the printer’s family who help in press¬
room or composing-room. Obviously the printer deducts, in
his business show-down, all payments to hired help or employees
just as he subtracts his expenses for advertising, for ink, dray-
age and freight bills, etc., but how, he asks, is he to proceed with
respect to payments made in lieu of wage to his son or daughter.
The reply is, that if the son or daughter has attained his or
her majority, payments for services may be claimed as a
deduction, but if the helpers in the print-shop are minor
children of the proprietor there will be nothing doing in the way
of exemption.

This brings us to that very interesting angle of the wrar-tax
proposition which concerns the status of a commercial printer’s
own remuneration. When the question first came up, the
experts at the United States Treasury w'ere inclined to say that

February , 1918

THE INLAND PRINTER

637

no deduction should be made by a proprietor for remuneration
drawn from his own business. The theory was that the wages
or salary drawn by a taxpayer from his own business are more
in the nature of a charge out of profits than a charge against
profits. In other words, this view of the situation surmised
that such a deduction from business profits would merely be
added to the income of the individual and that therefore the
effect would be to take money out of one pocket and put it
into another. Later, though, it developed that this interpre¬
tation did not cover all angles of the situation, and the Treasury
made a ruling that an individual carrying on a trade or business
having an invested capital may designate a reasonable amount
as salary or compensation for personal service actually rendered
by him in the conduct of the trade or business.

The effect of this allowance of reasonable salaries in the case
of partnerships and individuals is to so arrange matters that
the partnership or the one-man business shall not be at a dis¬
advantage as compared to a corporation, which, of course, pays
salaries to its executives and duly lists such payments as
expenses. However, the printer who, in his bookkeeping for
the benefit of Uncle Sam, enters up a wage or salary for himself
must be careful not to put opposite his name an amount larger
than the average remuneration of men of relatively the same
experience and qualifications who are actually employed on
salary.

With respect to this salary proposition, the members of a
partnership in the printing-field are in the same boat as the
craftsman who is playing a lone hand. In other words, the
rule is that in computing net income for purposes of the excess
profits tax a partnership is allowed to deduct as an expense
reasonable salaries or compensation paid to the individual
partners for personal services, provided — and don’t overlook
this, ye printery partner — the payments have been made in
accordance with prior agreements and are properly recorded
on the books of the partnership. For last year’s showing there
is to be no insistence by the Government on this “previous
agreement,” but printers in partnership who want such deduc¬
tions to hold good for 1918 and succeeding years had better
arrange to be regular in the matter of formal salary or com¬
pensation agreements at the beginning of each year. A
partner in his individual capacity will not be considered engaged
in trade or business with respect to his share in the profits of
the partnership, and consequently is not subject to the excess
profits tax thereon; but the partner or the printer operating
single-handed who is liable to the excess profits tax of eight
per cent must expect to settle on that score also in the case of
any salary or compensation that he has drawn from the busi¬
ness. As our readers, of course, realize, however, the “excess
profits” or “war profits” tax is not applicable to every business
man or corporation by any means. There is a flat exemption
of $3,000 earnings for corporations and $6,000 for individuals
.and partnerships, and, on top of that, any printing-firm to be
liable for “excess” tax must have shown last year such a spurt
in earnings that profits were carried to a point above, say,
nine per cent of the invested capital. Any taxpayer who, under
such circumstances, is content to accept, instead of a safety
zone of nine per cent, a deduction of only seven per cent upon
his invested capital will not be called upon to make a complete
return of his pre-war capital and income.

How to make, for the purposes of the war income and
excess profits taxes, inventories of supplies, raw materials,
work in process of production and unsold merchandise is, for
many a printer, something of a Chinese puzzle. It is a thorny
subject for the retail storekeeper with a straight mercantile
stock which is reasonably fresh by virtue of several turnovers
each year, and obviously it is worse for the printer, some of
whose paper stock may have been on hand for several years and
all of which has been subject to the violent fluctuations in prices
that have obtained the past year or two in the paper market

and certain other branches of the printers’ supply trade.
Daniel C. Roper, United States Commissioner of Internal
Revenue, has ruled that inventories of stock, work in process
of production, etc., may be taken either at cost or at market
price, whichever is lower. However, whichever method of
figuring is now adopted will probably have to be adhered to
in subsequent years, even if the shoe of advantage is then on
the other foot.

If the printer has a harder row to hoe than some other
business men in making inventory of materials, etc., on hand,
what shall be said of his responsibilities when it comes to cal¬
culating depreciation? It is well known that there are few
classes of industrial property that depreciate so rapidly as do
many lines of printing-office equipment. The tax law stipu¬
lates that the business man shall make “reasonable allowance”
for depreciation, and then leaves him to his own devices. In
administering the law the officials seem disposed not to attempt
to make any hard and fast rules, but to realize that circum¬
stances alter cases and that there must be taken into account
all such factors as local conditions, the probable “life” of a
piece of property under normal business conditions, etc.

The one point upon which Uncle Sam is disposed to be
insistent in this connection is that any depreciation that is
claimed can be shown to be due to actual exhaustion or wear
and tear, arising out of the use or employment of the property
in business or trade. Losses in value due to changing condi¬
tions or shifts of popular favor will not be accepted as bona-fide
depreciations. For example, if a printing-firm has invested
heavily in type that has become dead-wood on its hands
through a sudden loss of favor in the estimation of purchasers
of printing, the holder of the bag can not deftly charge up that
slump to depreciation. He would, on the contrary, be allowed
only such measure of credit as could be attributed to twelve
months’ wear on the type, or, in other words, the physical loss
sustained. Similarly, if a press or other piece of printing
machinery has become obsolete or lost heavily in value during
the year 1917 owing to the appearance on the market of a new
invention or an improved machine, the resultant loss to the
owner may not be defined as depreciation.

Nevertheless, the printer who, in order to keep right up
to date, is progressive enough to scrap some of his equipment
before it has actually outlived its usefulness can have a credit
mark therefor when paying his war taxes. He is authorized
to enter in his deductions that portion of the cost or value of
the equipment which would be properly chargeable to the
period it might have remained in usable condition. The
printer who owns, instead of rents, his print-shop can figure
depreciation on the basis of a life of twenty-five years for a
frame building or thirty-five years for a brick building. How¬
ever, if a property owner claims the full quota of depreciation
he can have no deduction of the amount expended for repairs.

Bad debts and losses are to come out of business income
before that income is open to levy by Uncle Sam for war pur¬
poses, but not all business men have the same idea as Uncle
Sam with respect to what should be accounted losses. A bad
debt must be sure enough “bad” to be so classed. That is,
it must have been definitely ascertained to be worthless and
uncollectable. Unless a debtor has no assets whatever, it is
virtually necessary that bankruptcy shall have been declared
and the receiver discharged ere the printer who has been left
waiting for his money can be sure that he will not be called
upon to pay taxes on the money he didn’t get. Losses, to
have standing in a printer’s bookkeeping for taxpaying pur¬
poses, must have actually been sustained during the year for
which he is reporting. That is, the loss must have resulted
from a completed and closed transaction. Let us say that a
printer purchased paper during the early part of 1917 when
prices were considerably higher than at the close of the year,
and that he has that paper on hand at the beginning of 1918.

638

THE INLAND PRINTER

He looks upon himself as out of pocket on this transaction,
but Uncle Sam will not take that view of it. The war tax
interpreters will take no chances. They figure that paper
might go up again in price during the year 1918 and until the
stock is actually disposed of they will not concede that the
printer can say that he has actually lost or profited.

Presumably, there are mighty few printers who in this age
of business do not keep books in a more or less systematic way.
However, if there are any such who are liable to the war tax
it is up to them to report income for tax purposes on an actual
receipt basis. If a printer has a continuing contract — say for
the publication of a periodical of some kind — which was not
completed during the year 19x7, and upon which he is unable
to determine the amount of gain or profit until the job is
finished, he need not include in his present tax return the
advance payments he received in 1917, but can hold over this
item until a year hence when it would be incorporated in the
return for 1918. Generally speaking, a printer can count upon
receiving credit, in the form of exemption from taxation, for
every business expense, but it must be reiterated in conclusion
that there is such a thing as overdoing the thing. The printer
who has his home in a suburb so that he can not walk to his
place of business, and who is obliged to purchase a noon lunch
in the city instead of returning to his own fireside, can not
enter carfare and lunch items under business expense, and yet
a printing salesman working on commission can deduct from
his taxable total every item for transportation, hotel bills, etc.,
incident to the securance of business.

HOW TO KEEP IN TOUCH.

By H. Addington Bruce, in the Chicago Daily News.

You are anxious to get on in your chosen calling. You long
for promotion. Perhaps, having lagged for some time, you are
beginning to feel discouraged.

But are you doing all that you can to deserve success?

Are you, for one thing, making it a point to read and study
some authoritative journal of the profession, business or trade
in which you are working?

All truly alert business men read trade journals as a matter
of real necessity. They feel that it is impossible for them to
continue progressing unless they keep abreast of the latest
developments in their particular line of business as recorded in
the journals they read.

You, let us suppose, are an electrician — a young, ambitious
electrician.

Well, there are trade journals specially addressed to you.
They are published in your interest, published for the express
purpose of helping you to become skilful at your trade.

Do you read any of these journals?

Do you even know their names?

If you are a plumber, there are other journals of particular
value to you as a plumber. Likewise if you are a hotel clerk, a
bank clerk, a salesman, a hardware merchant, a dealer in china,
a cigarmaker, or whatever else you may be.

For every vocation there are trade journals — some of them,
of course, much better than others. And he is indeed a wise
young man who early becomes a subscriber and constant reader
of a good journal dealing with his trade.

He will learn from it how other men in the trade have won
success. Almost every week he will glean from it something of
direct helpfulness in winning success himself.

One week he will be specially enlightened by a leading edito¬
rial. Another week he will profit most of all from a seemingly
insignificant item of three or four lines, of peculiar interest to
him because it chances to touch on a problem with which he is
for the moment much concerned.

Or, tucked away in some letter in the trade journal’s cor¬
respondence columns, he may come across an idea opening up

February, igi8

to him new vistas of thought, perhaps a new avenue of oppor¬
tunity.

Knowing these facts, I would say to any young man: Read
the newspapers. Read general magazines. Read good books.
All of these are broadening and strengthening to the mind.

But in addition, read at least one good journal specially
intended for men in your trade.

If leaders in the business world feel that they can not afford
to miss the reading of trade journals, can you afford it?

Moonlight from Rosario Beach, Deception Pass,
San Juan Islands.

Photograph by J. A. McCormick, Friday Harbor, Washington.

WANTED — ALL THE HOUSE-ORGANS.

There are perhaps 1,000 periodicals issued in the United
States of which no list can be found in any of the regular news¬
paper directories. These are the house-organs, issued by
business concerns for their employees and customers. The
Trade and Technical Press Section of the Food Administration
has a list of nearly 800, to which the Weekly Bulletin regularly
goes, and is constantly adding others as names and addresses
are secured. These house-organs are among the best mediums
for food-saving information to the public, and it is desired to
have as complete a list of them as possible. Business concerns
publishing house-organs, not already receiving the Weekly
Bulletin, are requested to send in names and addresses to the
Trade and Technical Press Section, Food Administration,
Washington, D. C.

February , igi8

THE INLAND PRINTER

639

The assistance of pressmen is desired in the solution of the problems of the pressroom in an endeavor to reduce the various processes to an exact science.

Rules Slur in a Blank Form.

A Cincinnati pressman submits a blank form having vertical
rules extending from the heading. These rules appeared to
slur, but the adjacent type did not show any signs of slurring.
He writes as follows: “I am a continuous reader of The
Inland Printer and would like to have your advice concern¬
ing the blurring of the rules on the printing submitted herewith.

Have had several jobs similar to this (all run on a - press),

and have tried different ways of stopping the blur, but have not
been successful, so decided to write to The Inland Printer
for information.”

Answer. — The slurring of the rules is doubtless due to the
air imprisoned beneath the sheet, or to a “ bagginess ” of the
tyrnpan. We would suggest that you use only about four sheets
of manila with a sheet of pressboard, and have the top sheet
drawn tight so that it is not “ baggy.” The clamps should
press the sheet without making it bulge when they close
down on the platen.

Red Plate Filled Up Frequently.

A Southern printer submits several specimens of three-color
work printed on enameled stock. The yellow plate appears
to be unusually heavy, making it necessary to carry quite a
lot of color. It also appears to have an unusual quantity
of ink, which may, in a measure, account for the trouble
described in the following letter: “I am enclosing samples,
printed in three colors, from process plates, which gave me
considerable annoyance, causing me to wash out the red plate
about every fifty impressions. The yellow has been drying
three days. The red plate, when worked alone, seems to be
O. K. — the specimen marked No. 1 is the hundredth sheet —
but when applied to the yellow it fills up after about fifty
impressions. Is this caused by the plates, stock or ink?”

Answer. — We are of the opinion that the filling up of the
red plate is due to the yellow ink, not to either the plates or
paper. Possibly you carried too much ink with an insufficient
make-ready. Make the yellow plates ready in black ink,
using a mechanical overlay in preference to one that is hand-
cut. The yellow ink should have dried a trifle harder, but not
necessarily bone dry. We are also of the opinion that too much
ink was carried, and that it was picked up by the red plates
because it was not dry enough. The remedy is obvious.

Powdered Mica Eliminates Electricity from Paper.

Edward S. Barber, editor of the Shoshone (Idaho) Journal ,
writes: “I notice by The Inland Printer that printers are
having trouble with static electricity and I have made a dis¬
covery that, while it does not entirely eliminate it, relieves the
situation enough to more than justify- I have for many years
used talcum powder on the tyrnpan to dry up the ink when an
impression has been accidentally made on it. Last winter it
occurred to me that as my car used mica to insulate the spark
plugs, and the auto-supply stores carried pulverized mica as
a powder to dust the inner tubes to make them slip, the same
mica powder sifted on the tyrnpan might act as an insulator

and overcome the static electricity. I bought a can of it and
it has proved so valuable that we use it all the time. We have
a hand-fed folding-machine where static electricity gives us
the most trouble. 1 just stop every few minutes and sprinkle
the tables and tapes, and all parts of the machine where there
is friction with the paper, and the trouble disappears. In the
dry climate of our mountains here, static electricity is worse
than in a morg moist climate, but this mica powder is surely
a source of great relief from it.”

To Secure Register on Cardboard.

Several interesting letters have been received regarding
register on cardboard, in response to two notes (Nos. 1888 and
1896) which appeared in our November issue.

F. C. B. writes: “In the November issue there was a note
(No. 1888) regarding trouble with register on cardboard. In
going over the precautions taken to avoid any trouble in
register, I observe that he makes no mention of the relative
position of the side or end guide on the sheet at each printing.
If the sheet is not square, the register would be out sidewise
of the sheet if the guide were placed either lower or higher on
the second printing. The drop-guides may also be at such an
angle as to ‘kick’ the sheet back when rising if it is allowed
to form too great an arc in lifting. This can be tested by
placing a sheet to the guides and lifting them by hand to note
the action they may have in rising. One other thing which
might disturb a sheet, or ‘kick’ it back, is setting the sheet too
far ahead or over the edge of cylinder. I believe a sheet of
cardboard would register much better if set flush with the
edge. The suggestion offered in your columns — that is, using
a piece of muslin for holding the sheet in position while being
taken by the grippers — is a good one.”

Thomas F. Whitehead, of Chicago, writes as follows:
“Your article, No. 1888, in pressroom section of the November
issue, attracted my attention, and it seems as though you have
overlooked a point which makes a vast difference on register
work, especially cardboard. I have had considerable experi¬
ence on this class of work and have found that on paper or
cardboard about 20 by 30 inches in size, the sheets shrink and
stretch as the degrees of humidity in the air change. I would
advise keeping a room in which this class of work is handled
at about the same degree of humidity as that in steam-heated
buildings in fall and winter. By hanging open water-cans
over radiators the evaporation of the water will keep the
humidity at about the same degree as long as heat is sent
through the radiators. If the stock on the job is piled it should
be turned over and used on successive colors in the same order
as on the first run. Do not allow some of the sheets to dry
near a radiator, or other heat conveyor, and the rest near an
open window or a door that is frequently opened or there
surely will be trouble with the register. It seems as though
this pressman gave all his attention to machine adjustment
and none to the stock, which is just as important as the setting
of his cylinder bands, which may have been dragging or set
too loose.

640

THE INLAND PRINTER

February, 1918

“The writer has also found that the varying degrees of tem¬
perature — or, to be more explicit, the varying degrees of
humidity — have the same effect on rollers as on paper. If
the humidity of a room is kept uniform the rollers and paper
will not vary even though the temperature changes 30°. It is
not the varying degrees of heat or cold that cause trouble with
register, but the amount of: moisture in the air. All old press¬
men know that in summer a roller may melt one day with the
temperature at 88° F., and the next day rollers made under
the same conditions, and at the same time, will not melt with
the thermometer at ioo° F. Therefore, in order to secure ideal
printing conditions in the pressroom, provision should be
made to keep, as near as possible, the same amount of mois¬
ture in the air at all times.”

“Rolling Stone” writes: “In your November issue I
notice query No. 1896, in which the writer expresses the belief
that irregular speed is not the fault of the press, or the cause
of imperfect register. Let me say that I know the writer very
well, though 1 have not seen him for ten years, and know that
he is a good pressman. However, I will take issue with him
on the above subject. The press, as a whole, may not be
directly at fault, and a sheet may be fed to the guides and still
be out of register when the speed is changed on the second color.
I am in a good position to know as I handle a sheet four times
before it is completed, hair-line register, and the power is fur¬
nished in the building and is very irregular. It is possible
to get perfect register at various speeds on a top sheet when
testing bed and cylinder for register, but it is impossible to get
a hair-line register on a sheet fed to the guides at different
speeds. To prove this, take three sheets and feed each from
a dead stop; then take the same sheets, speed press up to
1,500 an hour, run them through, and notice the change.

“In a recent issue Mr. Vandercook gave a very good expla¬
nation of the cause of imperfect register with change of speed.
I find, and have always held, that his theory is correct — that
the trouble is to be found in the gripper motion. The motion,
as we all know, is of cam action and spring tension, the gripper
being opened by the action of the cam and closed by the cam
and tension on a spring or two. Right here is where the trouble
begins. There is a slight loss of motion on high center, which
plays an important part in the closing of the grippers on
the sheet — a fraction of a second means a great deal when the
sheet is traveling about 300 feet a minute. The fault is in the
closing stroke of the grippers and may be improved by a little
more tension on the spring, or springs, as the case may be.
This does not entirely correct the fault. I have taken pains
to notice the change this makes in register. It will be noticed
more on a jump of speed from 900 to 1,200 than froi.n 1,200 to
1,500. Bearing in mind that a change of speed will affect
register, that a press must be set for register before starting,
and that a good, even temperature is necessary in the press¬
room, the finished sheet should be all right.

“I do not want to be misunderstood in the above. One
may run a color sheet on the first form at 1,000 impressions
an hour and change to 1,200 an hour on the second form and
get good results, provided the speed is uniform in each case;
that is, the speed on the first form must be 1.000 an hour all
through the run, and if the second form is to be rushed through
a higher speed can be used, but it must not be changed during
the run.

“ For good register, the press, as a whole, must be given very
close attention — register between bed and cylinder; grippers;
sheet-bands; timing of the guides; clrop-fingers; the feed-
board and strippers (or guide-tongues); position of sheet on
the cylinder edge (it should not hang over too far) ; also, a
good, hard, smooth packing should be used, and the position
of the guide should be the same on every form, then if the sheet
is out of square it will give little or no trouble. Care should be
taken to set the air chambers as near right as possible, as too

much air will cause the bed to slack on either end, and too
great a slack on the center at the front is one cause of imperfect
register. A good authority on setting presses for register can
be had of The Inland Printer in the ‘American Manual of
Press work.' ”

Tapes Mark the Paper.

A publisher in the State of Washington sends a copy of his
paper, on which he has marked places where the folder tapes
mark the sheet. His inquiry is directed toward correcting the
trouble.

Answer. — We would suggest that you wash the tapes in
gasoline while they are on the machine. This can be done by
holding a cloth saturated with gasoline against both sides of
the tape. It should be done just after machine has been used.
After several hours, start the folder and hold a piece of block
magnesia against the tapes so as to have the surface cleaned.
The magnesia tends to stop the taking up of ink by the tape.
You can secure the block magnesia from a druggist. If you
are unable to secure the block, use powdered magnesia.

Slipping of Bearers Preventable.

A pressman writes: “Is it permissible to put powdered
chalk or magnesia on the bearers of a cylinder press to keep
them from slipping? The bearers are iron.”

Answer. — Keep the bearers of both the cylinder and the
bed clean and free from oil. If there is the proper pressure
of the cylinder bearers on those of the bed, there should be suffi¬
cient friction to prevent slipping without the use of the materials
named.

COMPETITION — THE DEATH OR THE LIFE
OF TRADE.

The printer who cuts his regular price to get a job is injuring
not only his own business but the printing industry in general.
The printer who gives the customer the kind of work he wants
and gets the right price for it is establishing his own business
and improving the standing of the entire trade.

Cut-throat competition results in one of two things: Either
the quality of work is lowered to meet the price or the printer
loses his just profit. In the first case, the individual shop and
the local printing industry are condemned by the customer.
In the second, both shop and industry are again injured
because the strength of a single shop can not be impaired
without affecting the local industry as a whole.

Legitimate competition means that every job is taken on a
basis that will allow the printer to deliver what the customer
expects and get a price that will pay a fair profit. It makes
the individual shop prosper and helps to give the entire industry
a standing which eliminates the necessity of price-cutting.

A thorough knowledge of costs, plus acquaintanceship with
one’s competitors, is the best antidote for chronic price-cutting.
To really know what must be paid out to produce a certain
job deters one from selling that job at a confiscatory figure.
And to think of one’s competitors as so many men like oneself,
instead of as so many impersonal concerns, is to adopt a policy
of live and let live which is the only basis for doing business
profitably.

Active participation in the Cleveland Ben Franklin Club
(we would add in any employing-printers’ organization) is a
liberal education in cost accounting, and is the best way to
meet your competitors man to man and find out what regular
fellows they are. — “Ben Franklin News,” organ of the Cleveland
Ben Franklin Club.

Sometimes large metal types are placed in the boxes in the
case with the face exposed. This is a dangerous practice, as a
careless compositor is likely to drop large quads or other letters
on them and spoil the faces, making them unfit for further use.

Help Win the War!

Hoover’s campaign for conservation must
not end at the kitchen. Carry it into
the shop.

Wide trimmings of book and bond papers
make excellent envelope inserts and pads and
order blanks. Save them and use them.

And remember! Scrap is raw material for
the paper mills, and it’s raw material
that costs.

Patriotic display page of particular interest to
printers, from “Paragraphs,” house-organ of
The Whitaker Paper Company, Cincinnati, Ohio.

BARNEY McGEE

AT Christmas time, John Henry Nash, San Francisco, California, sent
his friends copies of a “limited edition’’ of “Barney McGee,” which he
reprinted by permission of Small, Maynard & Company, publishers,
and owners of the copyrights. Pages were 9J2 by 12 inches, hand-made
paper being used throughout. In the original of the title-page, shown above,
the rules were in gold, the decorative border in light green, the harp in red
and the type in black. The book was bound in boards, covered with gray
hand-made paper on the sides and with India Japan at the hinge. The gray
of the cover was of a green hue, and the title was printed in light green.

HOUSE-ORGAN COVER DESIGNS

Four striking covers from the house publication of the Sunset Publishing
House, San Francisco, California. Originals in appropriate and striking colors.

Proof

November

CHRISTMAS’ 1Q17
NEW YEAR 1018

A,? a PeryonalityL
As* One Priend

To Anotlner _

The Dakota Parmer
Extandy

Chrmmay Gfreetind/1
And

Hew Year WiyheiT

OUT OF THE ORDINARY

The Dakota Farmer, appropriate to the season and to the
character of its business, used a photograph of a farm
house surrounded by snow-laden trees as the basis for its
Christmas-greeting card. The result speaks for itself.

February, 1918

THE INLAND PRINTER

641

JOB COMPOSITION

BY J. L. FRAZIER.

In this department the problems of job composition will be discussed, and illustrated with numerous examples. These discussions and examples will be
specialized and treated as exhaustively as possible, the examples being criticized on fundamental principles — the basis of all art expression. By this method
the printer will develop his taste and skill, not on mere dogmatic assertion, but on recognized and clearly defined laws.

Greeting-Cards Received.

The Inland Printer gratefully acknowledges receipt of
holiday greeting-cards from the following: Page Printing &
Binding Company, Sherbrooke, Que.; Mr. and Mrs. Howard D.
Mosher, De Kalb, Ill.; The Keim Print Shop, Meadville, Pa.;
Weekly Advertiser , Royersford,

Pa.; The Ailing & Cory Com¬
pany, Pittsburgh, Pa.; The
Herbert C. May Company,

Houston, Tex.; Elmer Deputy,

Camden, N. j.; Monroe Print¬
ing Company, Huntsville,

Ala.; Calvin Martin, Pea¬
body, Mass.; Sunset Pub¬
lishing House, San Francisco,

Cal.; Jersey City Printing
Company, Jersey City, N. J.;

Everett R. Currier, New York
city; Robert W. Leigh, Mil¬
waukee, Wis.; Harry Albert
Mansfield, 319 Columbus ave¬
nue, Boston, Mass.; William
J. Wayland, Lynchburg, Va.;

The Observer Publishing Com¬
pany, Dover, Me.; VanPavey,

New York city; Mr. and
Mrs. Daniel Boyle, Chicago,

Ill.; Louis Flader, Chicago,

Ill.; Mitchell & Vandersluis,

Thief River Falls, Minn.; Mr,
and Mrs. B. W. Radcliffe,

Macon, Ga.; Worcester Boys’

Trade School, Printing De¬
partment, Worcester, Mass.;

Mr. and Mrs. Irvin A. Medlar
and daughter, Omaha, Neb.;

Oliver Wroughton, Kansas
City, Mo.; Mr. and Mrs.

R. T. Porte, Salt Lake City,

Utah; Jay Ahl, New York
city; John A. Sleicher, New
York city; Frank L. Stebbins,

Fresno, Cal.; The Stone Print¬
ing & Manufacturing Co., Ro¬
anoke, Va.; H. C. Lippincott,

Cleveland, Ohio; A. H. AIc-
Quilkin, New York city; Gil¬
bert P. Farrar, New York
city; Charles Edgar, New
York city; The Western Star,

Curling, Newfoundland; Hico
Printing Company, Hico, Tex.;

5-5

F. M. Keating, Chicago, Ill.; Edward P. Mickel, Nashville,
Tenn.; Carl S. Junge, Chicago, Ill.; Andrew Alexander
Hamilton, Kansas City, Mo.; Kuhl & Bent Company, Chicago,
Ill.; 0. E. Booth, Cherokee, la.; Charles S. Newman, Roches¬
ter, N. Y.; Harry G. Kriegel, New York city; Mr. and Mrs.

F. Wm. E. Cullingford, Char¬
lotte, N. C.; Clark & Fritts,
New York city; The Dakota
Farmer, Aberdeen, S. D.;
F. H. Lounsberry & Co., Du¬
luth, Minn.; The Seybold
Machine Company, Dayton,
Ohio; Lead Mould Electro¬
type Foundry, New York
city; Otto H. Wisotske,
Cleveland, Ohio; The New¬
man family, Rochester, N. Y. ;
Aime H. Cote, Springfield,
Mass.; R. C. Stuart, Ithaca,
Bertsch & Cooper,
Chicago, Ill.; Thomas J.
Erwin, Chicago, Ill.; American
Type Founders Company,
Kansas City, Mo.; Brooklyn
Daily Eagle, Job Printing
Department, Brooklyn, N. Y.;
Bert Belyea, Boston, Mass.;
J.M. Bundscho.Inc., Chicago,
Ill.; Robert F. Salade, Phila¬
delphia, Pa.; Walter J. Ellis,
Chicago, 111.; The Paulis,
Winona, Minn.; Mr. and
Mrs. William Pfaff, New Or¬
leans, La.; E. A. Atherton,
Madison, Wis.; Gatchel &
Manning, Philadelphia, Pa.;
J. A. Hall, Chicago, Ill.;
Franklin Photo - Engraving
House, Philadelphia, Pa.;
Duplex Printing Press Com¬
pany, Battle Creek, Mich.;
Asbestos Protected Metal
Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.;
Stanley Smolka, Jersey City,
N. J.; Mr. and Airs. Fred W.
Gage, Battle Creek, Mich.;
The Globe Engraving & Elec¬
trotype Company, Chicago,
Ill.; Daniel Baker, Philadel¬
phia, Pa.; Ernst B. Fiedler,
Raspeburg, Aid.; Gazette
Printing Company, Alontreal,

jM,ay^ lour^
Christmas' be
& Happy One
And max the
Nevtearbrin^
lou Gmtentment

Mr. Pich is a Chicago commercial artist, and the original of his card, herewith
reproduced, was printed in green, red and gold. The bulk of the design was in green;
Santa’s cap, the holly berries and the lights in the windows in red, and the insides
of the initial letters in gold. We consider it a decidedly clever design.

N. Y.;

642

THE INLAND PRINTER

February , igi8

PLEASE ACCEPT MY BEST
WISHES FOR A HAPPY AND

zJMay It Tfng <-^4 gain
e'er the dawn of another Vfew Tear
is our prayer and greeting to you
at this Tuletide , our good
i American friend

•JKr . ITThlrs. B?K>, ‘fa del iffe
rSCyneteen Seventeen

PHILADELPHIA
DECEMBER • MCMXVII

A dignified greeting-card illustrating the idea of personally signing the sentiment.
By Harvey Hopkins Dunn, a Philadelphia artist.

A greeting-card with an appropriate patriotic flavor. By B. W. Radcliffe, Macon,
Georgia, whose typography is always correct and pleasing.

Que.; D. Buckley, San Francisco,
Cal.; T. E. Abbott, Riverside,
Cal.; Arthur C. Gruver, Pitts¬
burgh, Pa.; Mr. and Mrs. H. W.
Leggett, Ottawa, Ont.; FI. Emmet
Green, Eldorado, Kans. ; South-
worth Printing Company, Port¬
land, Me. ; Milwaukee - Western
Fuel Company, Milwaukee, Wis.;
William Edwin Rudge, New York
city; Acme Printing Company,
Louisville, Ky. ; Biggers, Houston,
Tex.; Ashton G. Stevenson, Chi¬
cago, Ill.; E. C. Andrews, Chicago,
Ill.; Edwards & Deutsch Litho¬
graphing Company, Chicago, Ill.;
Coquemer, Paris, France; A. J.
Wingenroth, Greensburg, Ind.;
Frank A. Kidd, Washington, D. C.;
Mr. and Mrs. Henry S. Cobb (post¬
mark illegible) ; School for Appren¬
tices, Lakeside Press, Chicago, Ill.;
H. G. McCrea, The Herald, Hanna,
Alberta; Art Engraving & Color-
type Company, Cleveland, Ohio;
Evening Bulletin, Wayne, Pa.; Stoll
Printing House, Detroit, Mich.;
Colonial Printing Company, Mans¬
field, Ohio; H. S. Smith, Colorado
Springs, Colo.; Baumgardt Pub¬
lishing Company, Los Angeles,
Cal.; J. C. Blair Company, Hunt¬
ingdon, Pa.; P. S. Foster, Elmer,
N. J.; Charles S. Peabody, Ottawa,
Ont. ; The Ludtke Printing Works,
Markeson, Wis.; J. P. Gomes,

OSCAR F JACKSONS

Prinim^Ari Service
looNorih’ 'Ceiwjfifccl
IANSING, .MICHIGAN

The printer’s building as the basis of his holiday greeting. The sky
was in a rich blue; the building, trees and lettering at the bottom in
black; the lights in the building in yellow-orange; the stars and the
lettering at the top showing in white, the color of the stock.

Jr., Honolulu, Hawaii; Maruzen
Company, Tokio, Japan; Albert
Scheible, Chicago, Ill.; Harvey
Hopkins Dunn, Philadelphia, Pa.;
The Blackwell Printing Company,
Blackwell, Okla.; W. R. Colton,
Columbus, Ohio; Troy Times Art
Press, Troy, N. Y.; John C. Lewis,
Natchitoches, La.; Walter Wallick,
Champaign, Ill.; John S. Farr
(postmark illegible), Pa.; The Leon
H. Roberts Company, Toledo,
Ohio; Fred Herzberg, St. Louis,
Mo.; Ralph W. Polk, St. Joseph,
Mo.; The Holmes Press, Philadel¬
phia, Pa.; George 0. McCarthy,
Gordon, Neb.; C. W. Smith, Phila¬
delphia, Pa.; Gustave E. Hult,
New York city; Express Printing
Company, Connersville, Ind.; J. H.
Birch, Jr., Burlington, N. J.; Mr.
and Mrs. Claud Peters, Dallas,
Tex.; Frank Lavon Boyles, Gor¬
don, Neb.; The Gordon Journal,
Gordon, Neb.; Western States
Envelope Company, Milwaukee,
Wis.; The Minden Courier, Min-
den, Neb. ; The Morris Reiss Press,
New York city; The Chestnut
Street Engraving Company, Phila¬
delphia, Pa.; L. A. Simons, Kansas
City, Mo.; Huron Printing Com¬
pany, Alpena, Mich.; A. M. Col¬
lins Manufacturing Company,
Philadelphia, Pa.; Switzer Print¬
ing Company, Webb City, Mo.;

February, igiS

THE INLAND PRINTER

643

Kathleen and
Thomas Erwin
wish you a
Merry Xmas
and a Happy
New Year

Riding at anchor in a enug harbor
Chie Christmas Day:

JVIay your ship put forth on Cime’s
flood -tide
In the JSew Year;

Hnd find each day a rolling billow
Co drive it boldly o’er a prosperous sea
Of health and fortune
Co another happy Christmas haven

6V6R6CC R. C0RR16R

The

Biggerses-
send Greetings
6? best wishes
for a very
Merry Christinas
so^orth

Houston

An adaptation of the modern art idea in the design
of a greeting-card. Mr. Erwin is an artist identified
with the Bertsch & Cooper organization, Chicago.

Mr. Currier, of New York city, has given his greet¬
ing-card a real old-time flavor. The harmony of
illustration and type is admirable indeed.

Mr. Biggers is a printer at Houston, Texas. The
card was printed in violet on heliotrope Italian hand¬
made stock, the effect being decidedly pleasing.

The Holyoke Vocational School,
Holyoke, Mass.; A. B. Doerty,
Findlay, Ohio; Ralph Schwam,
Seville, Ohio; Oscar F. Jackson,
Lansing, Mich.; Will Ransom,
Chicago, III. ; Charles F. Skelly,
Altoona, Pa.; H. J. Van Val-
kenburg, Rochester, N. Y.;
John T. McCaw, Columbia,
S. C.; Alex. F. Pich, Chicago,
Ill.; The Mortimer Company,
Ottawa, Ont.; Carlton K.
Smeed, Detroit, Mich.; Axel
Edward Sahlin, East Aurora,
N. Y.; A. B. McCallister, Los
Angeles, Cal.; Mr. and Mrs.
David J. Gildea, Jersey City,
N. J.; Tim Thrift, Cleveland,
Ohio; Department of Print¬
ing, Carnegie Institute of Tech¬
nology, Pittsburgh, Pa.;

Frank D. Webb, Balti¬
more, Md.; M. C. Modi
& Co., Gaiwady, Bom¬
bay; The Clipper Belt
Lacer Company, Grand
Rapids, Mich.; Mr. and
Mrs. Jay Glenn Holman,
Champaign, Ill. ; Marsh
Printing Company, New
Philadelphia, Ohio; Sea¬
man Paper Company,
Chicago, Ill. ; Clyde Mor¬
gan, Rockford, Ill.; Louis
A. Hornstein, New York
city; The Esleeck Manu¬
facturing Company,
Turners Falls, Mass. ; The
Trott Printing Company,
Billings, Mont.; M. H. How
Hoffman, Savannah, Ga.;

T’ve skimped on Beer and Beefsteak,

L On Butter, Beans and Bread.

I’ve cut my diet out and dined
On Something Else instead;

I’ve scrimped on Salt and Sugar,

On Skittles, Lights and Lard,

And now that Christmas Cheer is here
I’ve Hooverized this card.

3 rotfih you a ornj

M. <E. an& a S. N. g.

S?. 3. BanHalkmburg

This line is red.

A “Hooverized” greeting-card. Read it; it’s clever. By H. J. Van Valkenburg
Rochester, New York. Note how the second color is avoided.

. Wp Extend Giwtin/fc to

In lav* 4 Pviniev .

ond our wish at this timo 1$ that your happinos/ may
equal the hap pine// that haf come to us combined by
bain4» able to /oi-vo you in the pa/t.

^ pfon/x>c> Printing

1917-15 /Cun ts »

CovcmO

IS ComDinoa oy

’nt/nfC Company
/a C _ AS

Daniels Printing Company,
Boston, Mass.; Mr. and Mrs.
Frank Gimbel, Cleveland, Ohio;
Journalism Press, University
of Kansas, Lawrence, Kans.;
Air. and Airs. 0. A. Blevins,
Ossian, Ind.; Schauer Print¬
ing Studio, Santa Barbara,
Cal.; The Service Printing
Company, Canton, Ohio;
The Smith-Grieves Typesetting
Company, Kansas City, AIo.;
Chamber of Commerce, Nor¬
folk, Va.; Alichael Gross, New
York city; Air. and Mrs. N.
S. Amstutz, Valparaiso, Ind.;
W. Dutton Stahl, Prescott, la.;
The A. L. Scoville Press,
Ogden, Utah; DuBois Press,
Rochester, N. Y.; The Fred
S. Lang Company, Los
; Angeles, Cal.; The Fuhr-
mans, Pittsburgh, Pa.

the whole force may extend its greetings — Rastus along with the rest. On reverse side of
the card, each has signed his name. That’s how we know it’s Rastus, not “ Rastus.”

IT MIGHT HAVE
BEEN TRUE.

“Typographical errors,”
said William Dean How¬
ells, “are always amus¬
ing. When I was a boy
in my father’s printing-
office in Alartin’s Ferry,
I once made a good typo¬
graphical error. My fa¬
ther had written, ‘ The
showers last week, though
copious, were not suffi¬
cient for the millmen.’ I
set it up ‘ milkmen.’ ”
— Christian Register.

First Page of a Notable Greeting-Folder.

Of all the handsome greetings received by The Inland Printer none was more pleasing than the one
sent by the Speaker-Hines Printing Company, Detroit, Michigan, of which the above is the opening page.

fiest flushes fos the

Third Page of Speaker-Hines Greeting.

Printed on a heavy weight of rough Japan stock, white, with deckled outside edge, the effect produced by
these exceptional designs was gratifying indeed. On the second page a sentiment was printed from type.

646

THE INLAND PRINTER

February , igi8

MR & MRS

DAVID JEROME GILDEA

LITTLE DAVID
WISH YOU

A MERRY CHRISTMAS
AND

HAPPY NEW YEAR

C //r/j/rihuC'.

■w

£ C/v cYC'-W ' i.

CLYDE MORGAN

■ J rad Family

fffnd fyld*n ‘Poppy
eJKr. and tSifrMDanitl^Buciley

CATCH EL (^MANNING

OktefjiuhptiuitftcxOfott

in Mt (‘i Jihi V

/A- (7rri*®t)v o/'Mj-

Q/& CHRISTMAS

JjJlT

and NEW VRAR

Z,e/< to right, top to bottom:
David J. Gildea,

Jersey City, N. J.

Lead Mould Electrotype
Foundry ,Jnc., New York city
Clyde Morgan,
Rockford, Ill.

Daniel Buckley,

San Francisco, Cal.
Gatchel & Manning,
Philadelphia, Pa.
Arthur C. Gruver,
Pittsburgh, Pa.
Herbert C. May Company,
Houston, Tex.
Baumgardt Publishing Co.
Los Angeles, Cal.

Carl S. Junge,
Chicago, 111.

The Stoll Printing House,
Detroit, Mich.

’ old-fa thinned Qhris
from t. Arthur ('. C,>

THE

Stoll Printing House
WISHES YOU A MERRY CHRISTMAS &
A HAPPY NEW YEAR
1917-1918

aAa? Ihosnow-
Iliball down

SlsSffltei

ce?j£ teppiherr

vour Ponded
areamc fulmf-

(jjjristmas:

Mreetmgs

Greet tn 11,0

CREDITS :

With marv? monks for favore past,
And hope for Christmas cheer,
“Mop” Printing serCe you well.
Throughout (he coming year.

Herbert C. May Company

1 Sjipceciation of
our eorftiaf
relations duetmj
ffe post Hear and
t>f our earnest
iffortjw tf)t con-
tuiusmec of 4)0'-—
Same+Ufe uuslujou
a TjJemj Cltrlstmas
ano awapjjjj
JH eu) ‘Sear

GfLit/ p/enjone fcf hdpf»/ "*
Beneatfi ifour roof today
^eUofiepp me// tfidt come/
c4nd iWer oo?s awtayf*

mg €' 0 mb a m/ >

'fittt and ^iov5ds3Jt^v&^

February , igi8

THE INLAND PRINTER

647

SPECIMENS

BY J. L. FRAZIER.

Under this head will be briefly reviewed brochures, booklets and specimens of printing sent in for criticism. Literature submitted for this purpose should be
marked “For Criticism” and directed to The Inland Printer Company, Chicago. Postage on packages containing specimens must not be included in package
of specimens, unless letter postage is placed on the entire package. Specimens should be mailed flat, not rolled.

From William Eskew, Portsmouth, Ohio, we
have received some excellent specimens of print¬
ing done on the orders of the Wortman Roller
Company, Cincinnati, Ohio. Mr. Eskew’s work
shows commendable originality.

J. F- Widman & Sons, McGregor, Iowa.— The
tax-receipt and the assessment-roll forms are
admirably set and exceptionally well printed.
Such work is all too often carelessly gotten up,
and an example of good work along this line is
refreshing.

Harry E. Morrison, Ayrshire, Iowa. — The
specimens of theatrical printing are of exceptional
merit, and they are appropriate to the character
of the business without being too loud or bizarre,
as is usually the case with printing of that
character.

Ed Kysela, Sapulpa, Oklahoma. — We admire
your work. Good taste in the selection of type¬
faces and in their well balanced and
orderly arrangement, with good display,
makes your one-color printing so good
we consider it without a superior in all
the work we are privileged to see. Letter¬
heads are especially good.

The Lutterman Process Company,
Cincinnati, Ohio, sends a sheet illustrat¬
ing results from the offset press in multi¬
color. These specimens show clever
manipulation of both half-tone and hand
stippling at the hands of a well trained
artist lithographer. The printing is
excellent.

The Praja Bandhu Printing Works,
Ahmedabad, India, has sent us a large
collection of Hindu New Year greeting-
cards printed in both English and
Gujerati, a native language. The speci¬
mens are especially interesting and of a
very good grade of workmanship in both
typography and presswork. Color selec¬
tions are satisfactory.

Massey-Harris Company, Toronto,
Ontario. — Your new catalogue is a great
improvement over the previous one, if
our memory serves us right regarding the
latter. Presswork is good, and typog¬
raphy is clean, neat and readable. The
cover, in colors, is striking and should
prove interesting to the class to which it
is intended to appeal.

Alvin E. Mowrey, DuBois, Pennsyl¬
vania. — The two blotters sent us some
time ago are good from both the printing
and advertising standpoints. On the one
beginning “Have you printing trials?”
the words “Printers” and “Publicists”
should have been set in the bolder italic
if the most pleasing artistic effect was
desired.

J. H. Milkey, of Landers, Frary &

Clark, New Britain, Connecticut, sends
us a menu and program cut out in the
shape of a composing-stick, the title-page

being printed from a half-tone of a stick, the
type set therein giving the particulars of the
banquet. It is quite a novelty, and, since
the banquet was one tendered advertising men,
the idea is appropriate.

Bobby Northrop, San Quentin, California.—
Typography on the Christmas greetings is very
neat, and you are to be complimented thereon.
The green ink is too weak in tone and color,
containing too much yellow. It should have
inclined more toward blue. You will note that
the red stands out much more prominently,
whereas the tone of the two should balance.

Walla Walla Bulletin, Walla Walla, Washing¬
ton. — The specimens are all of a good grade,
sensible to a high degree and quite pleasing as
well. The only fault we have to find with any
of them is the use of extra-condensed type on
the “Foreword” page of the high-school annual.

Novel hand-lettered greeting by Will Ransom, commercial artist, Chicago,
Illinois, whose clever work has often embellished the
pages of The Inland Printer.

Such narrow letters are difficult to read in masses,
especially small sizes, and should be avoided.
Condensed letters can be used only for large
display lines with good results.

Hyde Brothers, Marietta, Ohio. — - Your
December blotter, which serves as a greeting,
too, is attractive in design and is well printed.
The firm-name and address should have been
set in bolder type, because, printed in red-orange,
which is weaker in tone than green, in which the
bulk of the design appears, it is too weak. The
form letter, “It’s a long leap from the old-time
print-shop to the modern one,” etc., is well
written and nicely printed.

W. E. Hortor & Co., Johannesburg, South
Africa. — The Overland insert, designed and
printed by you for The Farmer's Weekly, is quite
striking. The wide border in red, “bled,” com¬
pels attention. Typography is of a good grade,
display is effective and presswork is
satisfactory, although slightly more black
ink should have been carried. The solids
of the illustrations appear gray and the
type is not as black as it should be for the
sake of best appearance and to make
reading easy.

John C. Cathcart, Columbia, South
Carolina. — The specimens you have sent
us are very good examples of every-day,
ordinary work. You have handled them
simply, as such work should be handled,
and, although we can not say a great
deal in their favor, we can say nothing
against them. Purpose must always be
taken into consideration. Much as we
admire exceptionally fine work, we realize
that price must always govern the char¬
acter of the product. Avoid the use of
lake reds; use reds that incline toward
orange, especially with black.

William Hanselman, Toledo, Ohio. —
The Christmas card for the Lewis Steel
Products Company is interesting in ar¬
rangement. The green is a little weak in
tone as compared to the red. It should
have been made stronger, or the red
weakened, so that a balance of tone wrould
have been obtained. Inasmuch as the
heading and the matter following form
continuous reading they should be closer
together, which means that the small
group should be raised. Ink seems to
have been too soft; a slur is evident.

Lawrence A. Weston Detroit, Minne¬
sota. — - The greeting-card embellished by
the stars and stripes is well designed and
printed. The flag is not in good balance
from side to side. We refer you to the
“Job Composition” department of The
Inland Printer for January for informa¬
tion on the correct balancing of irregular
and unsymmetrical forms such as the
flag usually is. We note, too, that the
stars in the flag do not show, presumably

648

THE INLAND PRINTER

February, igi8

PHILADELPHIA

Photography in Cover-Design.

Seasonable and effective cover from December issue of Etchings, house-organ of
Gatchel & Manning, photoengravers, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, demonstrat¬
ing possibilities of this character of illustration when intelligent care is given
selection of subject, position of lettering, making of plates and, finally, printing.

February , igi8

THE INLAND PRINTER

649

because the cut is an old one, pretty well worn
down. It should be discarded.

J. Orville Wood, Cleveland, Ohio.— We ad¬
mire the November issue of The Tatler. The
cover is unique and striking. Make-up and
typography of text pages are good and we like
the use of one style of type in the advertisements,
which are well displayed, composed and designed.

As a Christmas greeting to his friends, William
Edwin Rudge, who is forever sending out printed
things which for downright quality and beauty
can not be surpassed, took a story which appeared
in Hearst's Magazine, entitled “Merry Christ¬
mas,” and produced it in “limited edition”
style. The book contains only sixteen pages,
but, by printing the text on heavy-weight hand-

and still larger quarters, until today it is one of
the largest plants in Chicago, occupying exclu¬
sively a large modern building, built especially
for the organization. The story of the growth
is interesting, and yet it is the same old story of
growth — the result of service, which the writer
has in some instances called “accommodation,”
to carry the idea not only of preparing the

F%reve r*

Jewels

_ AWf>

s<LVer

Three noteworthy specimens received during the past month. Credit for their production is due, in the order of their arrangement
from left to right, to William Edwin Rudge, Inc., New York city; National Printing & Publishing Company, Chicago, Ill.; and
Shreve & Co., San Francisco, Cal., under which names reviews are made in this department, giving particulars of their production.

On the text pages there is hardly enough space
between the boxed headings and the matter which
follows, and we would prefer to see the panels
continuous on these headings. It seems that
the pressman should have been able to do better
work with the half-tones.

W. J. Stookey, Vallejo, California. — The
commercial specimens are quite satisfactory. No
faults worth mention can be pointed out in any
of them. We admire most the especially pleas¬
ing business-card for The George E. Bangle Com¬
pany. The effect produced by one small spot
of color would prove a lesson to those printers
who feel that when they use a warm color it
must be extensively used. Restraint in the use
of bright colors, in everything except posters,
perhaps, is advisable; and even in that class of
work too much bright color sometimes spoils the
effect, and, to a degree, the advertising value.

From Shreve & Co., jewelers, San Fran¬
cisco, California, we have received an especially
handsome catalogue, the format, design and
typography being in thorough keeping with the
character of the business. The work eminently
suggests quality and value, important consider¬
ations indeed in the printing for jewelers. The
catalogue is dignified and chaste, as one may see
from the reproduction of the cover which appears
on this page. To give a better idea of it, how¬
ever, we will state that the cover is of double¬
thick white antique stock. The printing was
done in brown inside a deep sunken panel and
the book was tied with a brown cord, matching
the color of the ink. The goods sold by the firm
are admirably illustrated on the inside pages with
faultlessly printed half-tones. Credit for this
production is shared by Frank Dailey, advertis¬
ing manager for the company; the Sierra Art and
Engraving Company, makers of the plates; and
H. S. Crocker & Co., which well-known firm of
printers put on the finishing touches by print¬
ing it in high-class style.

made stock — white, of course - — supplying end
leaves and binding it in boards, Mr. Rudge has
gotten out a volume of sufficient “heft” to grace
any library. As stated above, the text pages are
printed on white hand-made stock, in black, the
only color being put in by hand with water colors
on a decorative initial with which the story is
begun, the letter being in gold, and green being
painted inside the floral decoration of the block.
A readable old-style roman type-face, with large
and well proportioned margins, makes the text
pages beautiful indeed. The boards of the backs
were covered on the sides with a particularly
pleasing shade of green hand-made stock, white
Japan being used around the back and hinges,
as can be seen in the illustration. The panels
around the words “Merry Christmas” (printed
in green), as well as the toy illustrations between
the outer and inner panels, were blind stamped.
The spots on the cover appearing in the illustra¬
tion are gold on the original book and add won¬
derfully to the beauty and distinctiveness of the
production. Those who are not so favored as
to be privileged to view the productions of Mr.
Rudge can not know' what they are missing.
The fellow, too, who says we must go to other
countries or back to other periods for good print¬
ing has not seen any of Mr. Rudge’s work. For
quality it can not be surpassed.

Commemorating its twenty-fifth year in busi¬
ness, The National Printing and Publishing Com¬
pany, 2144-2150 Blue Island avenue, Chicago,
combined an idea of sentiment and one of busi¬
ness and issued a handsome booklet, “Twenty-
five Years of Progress,” which not only serves
admirably as a memorial, but is so written as to
effectually influence readers in favor of the com¬
pany. In the text, the story is interestingly told
of how the business was begun in “a little ram¬
shackle plant at 700 Loomis street,” and how,
to keep pace with increased business, it has been
compelled to move from time to time into larger

customer’s copy but of giving him what he wants
when he wants it. As the writer of “Twenty-
five Years of Progress” puts it, it was “Accom¬
modation that meant willingness to meet the
other fellow 99% of the way.” The text is sur¬
rounded by a border on all pages, below which
marginal illustrations are printed, showing the
various buildings previously occupied by the
company and views in the present plant, all done
in line. The inside pages were printed on a good
quality of heavy-weight antique white stock, the
cover being the same stock, double folded and
extending slightly beyond the text pages. A
reproduction of the cover is shown on this page,
but, of course, it does not do justice to the
original, which was well printed in unusual but
particularly pleasing colors. The bulk of the
design — the printed panel — was in deep olive;
the outlines of the figure, the building and the
hair on the head of the figure were in black; and
the words in the open book in the panel at the
top, the arms and neck of the figure, the inking
portions of the ink-balls and small spots here and
there were in light orange. The clothing on the
figure was worked in Ben Day screen, showing,
in effect, in a tint of the olive, whereas tints were
used in both the olive and orange to give the
apron and shoes distinction. The booklet was
tied with an olive green cord. Surely a beautiful
piece of work — one which will redound to the
credit of the organization.

J. J. Little & Ives Company, New York city,
sends out an especially neat and attractive folder
commemorating the fiftieth anniversary of the
establishment of the firm. The typography, in
Cloister Old Style, is dignified and readable, and,
printed on white stock with wide margins, the
effect is chaste. On the title-page the work-
mark of the company is printed in black inside
a sunken panel, printed in light buff. On the
second page, like treatment is accorded the illus¬
tration of the firm’s building. The printing is

THE INLAND PRINTER

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February , igi8

Bertsch & Cooper’s Greeting.

February, igi8

done on one side of the sheet only, the blank
side being folded in, and the sunken panels do
not appear on the reverse sides.

We are reproducing on this page a rather
unusual and decidedly attractive letter-head
design, hand-lettered for his own use by W.
Irvin Brennan, Boston, Massachusetts.

We are indebted to Louis A. Braverman, of
the Heintzemann Press, Boston, Massachusetts,

THE INLAND PRINTER

years in reading the latter has made them most
easily recognized, and matter set in them is
therefore most readily comprehended. Capitals
are satisfactory for short display lines of few
words and for signatures, where the contrast
afforded gives emphasis, but they should be used
with restraint.

Irby C. Haynes, Tazewell, Tennessee. — In
spite of the fact that your equipment is limited,

651

held on Washington’s birthday. The emblem
printed in red over the items of menu printed
in blue, on the third page, makes it difficult to
read the type beneath owing to the strength of
the red. Such a plan is good only when such
emblem, or illustration, is printed in a weak tint,
in which case it will not conflict with the type.
The emblem could have been worked into the
border at the top in the same manner as the

WM JWfo -ipnnfln • Omd£ ^ottfer^ • ife • 53f

IM dffoMiSp-iKiistmtion^af- 516 Jfflaitfie
Boston (§mjj(p

Unusual handling of a letter-head for an artist. By W. Irvin Brennan, Boston, Massachusetts.

for another collection of his exceptionally good
typography. Mr. Braverman enjoys consider¬
able success in giving his work an antique.
Colonial atmosphere which is quite interesting
and pleasing. He uses Caslon almost exclusively.
A program on this order is reproduced.

One of the best sample-books of paper we have
ever had the pleasure of examining has been
received from The Marchbanks Press, New York
city, the printers, it being the latest showing of
the well-known Sultan line of covers, made and
sold by the Niagara Paper Mills, Lockport, New
York. The colors of the stock are of rather
unusual shades and The Marchbanks Press has
intelligently imprinted the samples with designs
which are particularly attractive, in colors which
harmonize perfectly with the colors of the stock.
It is a sample-book that will prove valuable as
a medium of suggestion in any printing-plant.

R. G. Webber, Augusta, Maine. — The circu¬
lar gotten up by you for Needlecrafl is rather
pleasing, but is subject to improvement. The
matter on the right side is crowded as com¬
pared to that on the left and the design is
therefore poorly balanced both as to weight
and extent of white space. A rearrangement
of the cuts would perhaps have permitted
you to balance the typography to better
advantage, and would make it possible at the
same time to overcome the crowding which
is in evidence in the type on the right-hand
side. By avoiding the crowding you could
have used larger sizes of display type, in
which case you would not have had to use
extended type, and that change would bring
about better harmony.

The Cincinnati Post has issued its new
“Annual Edition of Information for Adver¬
tisers.” Gotten up in the form of a miniature
edition of the Post, this pamphlet gives in a
brief and compact form information which
the advertiser, agency or manufacturer would
most probably desire to have regarding Cin¬
cinnati. We believe that this booklet sets a
high-water mark in cooperation with adver¬
tisers and agencies. Information about the
field is given preference throughout; informa¬
tion about the Post being given in advertising
space, and subordinated. Make-up, typog¬
raphy and presswork are of high order.

E. C. Krewson, Elmcreek, Nebraska. —
Considering that the specimens sent us are
of a character demanding economy, you are
to be complimented on their general excel¬
lence. No metropolitan plant could have
done more on them. We discourage the
practice of setting large masses of matter in
capitals as you did on the announcement for
the banquet of October 23, held to boost the
sale of Liberty Bonds. Capitals are not so
readable as lower-case characters; practice of

we see much merit in your work, especially from
the standpoint of typography. You seem to
realize the value of simplicity, or a shortage of
decorative material makes it impossible for you
to get up bizarre, overdecorative designs, which
are generally displeasing. When possible, avoid
the combination of text and block letters, for the
two styles have nothing of shape or design in
common and do not harmonize. The statement¬
heading for the Progress is neatly and effectively
arranged. The use of condensed and extended
capitals of about the same size for adjacent lines
on this form is a representative example of the
poor effect which results when types of con¬
trasting shape are used together.

Theodore T. Moore, Fowler, Indiana. — The
menu for the Annual Masonic Banquet of 1917
is interesting and appropriate. The colors used,
red and blue, are particularly good from the
standpoint of appropriateness, the banquet being

sup^p-Atr -sf ft epyyo ozf

jflustcale

Qiven a/j'c Neighborhood Club
at Quincy, Masses.
on Sunday, Dfovembcr

CMftrtf HERBERT T. DRAKE, HofteJ

Alice Roberts, Violinist Beatriz Barrington, %tadtr
Earl Bellis, Tenor Helen Rumsey Smith, Contralto

Ernest Harrison, ^Accompanist

programme

Duet

Passage Bird s Farewell

Hildach

Violin

a Hejie Fan

Hubay

b Qkoptn Dfocturne

Arr. Sarasotb

Tenor How Fain is (from Judas J)faccabeus) Handel

Reader

Selected

Contralto

ful'laby from Jocelyn

Godard

Duet

a Jfearesl and Dearest

Ca'racciolo

» Kjjs of Heaven

Old Enclish

Reader

Selected

Tenor

A zDforning Hymn

Henschel

B Inter l\os

MacFayden

c C^tre Jfuit

Bachelet

Contralto a

Habanera (from f'armen)

Bizet

Boat Song

Ware

Sing, Smile, Slumber (by Bequest)

Gounod

Duet with Violij.

f Barcarolle

Offenbach

‘it <0 T T T L- o? of- df C[7 00 T sc T T ii? cT- cz? IT- co

Originally printed on brown hand-made stock, this program
by Louis A. Braverman was decidedly pleasing.

shield was handled on the first page. Had a
narrower rule been used for the blue on the first
page, allowing a little white of the stock to show
through between the red and the blue lines, a
better effect would have resulted, for, as printed,
the blue nullifies the effect of the red.

The Metropolitan Press, Oakland, Califor¬
nia, recently sent out to a large list of attorneys
a circular advertising its facilities for printing
law briefs, attached to which was a specimen
brief page printed by the company. The work
was well handled in every particular. In the
circular, attention is called to the quality of
typography represented by the specimen page;
the grade of paper used — and the fact that by
buying this paper in large quantities, and for
cash, the customer gets the benefit of the saving
effected; special equipment; ability to get out
such work promptly, citing one example where
a brief was turned out complete in a single day;
the firm’s proofreader, who, because of long
experience, is especially qualified to read proof
on briefs, insuring the customer against em¬
barrassing errors; and last, but not of least
importance in the opinion of attorneys, no
doubt, the prices per page for such work.

B. F. Wade & Sons Company, Toledo,
Ohio. — The four-color illustration on the
Oxpra folder is a little too low on the page
and a little too far to the left. In irregular
forms such as this, balance must be deter¬
mined by the eye, and they should not be
placed according to their limits. An attempt
was made to do this from the horizontal stand¬
point, and in the right direction, but it was
not carried far enough. From top to bottom
the cut was centered on the page as to mar¬
gins, but the bottom of the cut is wider and
consequently heavier than the top, which
makes the page as a whole bottom-heavy.
The top margin should have been somewhat
smaller than the bottom margin even though
the illustration were rectangular, but, being
irregular, and larger at the bottom, it should
have been placed still higher to offset the
added weight at the bottom. Your own
advertising broadside will be reviewed by
Mr. Martin in the department of “Printer's
Publicity,” perhaps next month.

Palmer L. Zerbe, Pittsburgh, Pennsyl¬
vania. — The title-page for The Merchants’
Association of Pittsburgh is nicely arranged
and displayed and is wholly pleasing. The
yellow is not a good color for printing type¬
lines, especially small, light-face lines. It
would be next to impossible to recognize by
artificial light, the words which are printed
in yellow on that particular page. Red-
orange should have been used. Remember,
the smaller and weaker in tone the type is
the stronger in tone the color should be that

652

it is printed in. The cover-design is poor. The
fact that you have begun words on the cover of
such a book with lower-case letters, such as is
sometimes done for effect in newspaper adver¬
tising, constitutes the most serious fault. The
border, of so many and so pronounced units, is
“spotty,” both displeasing in appearance and of
a character that cries so loudly for attention to
itself that the type is subordinated. The deco¬
ration throughout is the most prominent thing
and it is a style of decoration that possesses no
beauty — a style that should be abandoned.

Marken & Bielfeld, Fred¬
erick, Maryland. — Specimens
of your printing are surely
striking and effective. While
your typography is of a more
elaborate style both in design
and color than is now custom¬
ary, it is exceptionally good,
and, unlike most work of that
character, does not appear
overdone. For this your good
taste and judgment deserve
commendation. Two of your
specimens, representative of
the general character of your
work, are reproduced.

Harris-Huntley Printing
Company, Tacoma, Washing¬
ton. — Most of your specimens
are of a good grade. The “We
Thank You” card is so ar¬
ranged that it appears complex
and the white space is not
distributed with that uniform¬
ity which is essential to pleas¬
ing results. The large mass
of space in the upper right-
hand corner is not balanced
by a similar amount in other
corners, particularly in the
lower left-hand corner, as is
essential to uniformity. It
seems that one generally gets
into trouble when he goes to
building up rule arrangements
which are not essential to the
display of the type. Rules
serve real, worth-while pur¬
poses, and when used for such
purposes are valuable equip¬
ment; but, when they are used
for stunts which do not serve
a purpose, poor printing is the
inevitable result. Gray-tone
types do not print well on
rough bond-papers. If enough
ink and impression are used to
make the letters print sharply
the type has a tendency to
fill up, causing blotches to
appear in spots. Color selec¬
tions are good.

We are in receipt of Volume
1, Number 1 of Houghton's
Herald for War Workers, a
house-organ issued by E. F.

Houghton & Co., a chemical
and engineering concern, Philadelphia, Pennsyl¬
vania. It is one of the best written, best made
up, best printed and most pretentious publica¬
tions of its kind we have ever seen. Credit for
its production is largely due the Dando Company,
also of that city, which organization specializes
in direct advertising. The cover in colors is
especially striking and shows the interior of a
munition factory in operation, the large machin¬
ery therein suggesting admirably the magnitude
of the business of manufacturing munitions. In
mailing the copy to The Inland Printer, the
Dando Company wrote in part as follows; “It
was conceived, edited and contributed to, as well
as designed and printed, by this organization.
The technical matter, however, of course, belongs
to the chemists and engineers of the client’s com¬
pany, E. F. Houghton & Co., Philadelphia. The

THE INLAND [PRINTER

significant feature of the magazine is that it
is being published for the 150 munition-makers
in this country today, working under govern¬
ment contracts for material, which necessitates
the cutting of metal, as our client’s entire business
with them is the sale of oil and its combinations
used in quenching and cooling the tools used for
this purpose.”

Probandt Printing Company, San Angelo,
Texas. — The card, “Christmas Red Cross Drive
for New Members,” is too loud in the use of
color. Furthermore, harmony of colors is not

good. Red and brown are especially difficult
to harmonize and you did not succeed in your
attempt with them. The illustration of the eagle,
with flag and wreath, the only item in the large
design printed in brown, should have been printed
in green. This would have made harmony bet¬
ter, made the job better all around — because
simpler — and would have saved expense in pro¬
duction. Too large a portion of the design is
printed in the warm color, red-orange. The type
inside the Red Cross panel should have been
printed in green instead of red, and the flag
which is printed beneath this type in green should
have been printed in red. By this change the
illustration of the flag would not conflict with the
type to such an extent as it now does. The type
below the panel should have been printed in
green also. The green is too light; a green more

February , 1918

like the green of holly leaves should have been
used. Summing up, the border of rules and holly
would be printed as you have printed it, the
heading at the top in red, the eagle ornament
in green, the red cross panel and the flag in red
and all the type (except the heading) in green.
The “Buy It Now” card is much better, for the
cold color predominates — and happily it is
stronger than in the Red Cross card. The design
is simpler by far. The green is too light on the
card advertising Holiday-Greeting Cards and
the form is carelessly arranged.

The Christmas number of
The Superior Craftsman, the
inside-the-house-organ of The
Superior Printing Company,
Akron, Ohio, is one of the
handsomest examples of print¬
ing on which a holiday motif
was employed that we have
ever seen. It reflects credit
on every one having a hand
in its production. The cover
is especially pleasing and we
would like to reproduce it, but
the colors are such that a
half-tone reproduction would
be an injustice to the original.
The basis of the design is a
large bell, outline and shading
of which are in black, under
which, throughout, bronze is
printed. The bell is suspend¬
ed from a ribbon band in red,
apparently running around
the page about an inch from
the top, the drawing suggest¬
ing that it is run through slits
in the paper. This ribbon is
tied in a bow in the center,
the bell being suspended
below this bow. Across the
upper portion of the bell, the
words, “Merry Christmas,”
are printed in red and black,
and at the bottom of the bell,
as though a part of it, the
title of the publication, The
Superior Craftsman, is lettered.
Several sprigs of holly leaves,
berries and stems work in
nicely here and there in the
design. Regarding this cover,
Mr. Hollingsworth of the com¬
pany, writes: “The entire
first page of this number,
except the words ‘December,
Nineteen-seventeen,’ is the
work of our artist-engraver,
Thomas A. Schneider, who
made the original sketch, wood
engraving and color-plates in
metal. The electrotypes were
made from the color-plates,
and the job was put on the
press and printed, without any
color-proofs being pulled for
register purposes, and with no
tooling of the plates except in
the case of three or four high spots.”

The Quality Print-Shop, Sterling, Illinois. —
“A Message to the Buyer of Printing” is good.
Presswork on half-tones is excellent. Typography
is satisfactory; in fact, the only serious fault with
the work is incorrect margins. Take the full-page
half-tone as an example of the case in point;
Note that the top margin is greater than the
bottom margin, whereas the reverse should be
the case. Hold this page at arm’s length and
it appears bottom-heavy. If margins are the
same, the top margin will appear the larger
because of an optical illusion, and balance will
be poor even then, hence the need for the bottom
margin being greater than the top margin. On
the other hand, best results in book and booklet
work result when the back margin is smaller than
the front margin, on the ratio of two to three.

The originals of these designs were especially pleasing, skill in manipulation of colors saving
them from the failure which usually results when such elaborate and decorative effects are at¬
tempted with only type and utilities to work with. The letter-head was printed as follows:
Type, lines of ornament, two inside rules and gray-tone border (outside) in black; the heavy line
inside gray-tone border was printed in red-orange, as were also the roses in the ornament; the
inside of the panel occupied by the type was printed in a light yellow tint; the inside of the circle
surrounding monogram and the background of the ornament were in light green; and the mono¬
gram was in dark green and embossed. Inset, folder title-page, was printed as follows; Rules,
type and ornaments in green; roses and inside of circle at top in light orange; inside of panels at
top in light green tint; and the monogram was printed in dark green and embossed.

February , igi8

THE INLAND PRINTER

653

BY FRANK L. MARTIN.

This department will be devoted to the review and constructive criticism of printers’ advertising. Specimens submitted for this department will be reviewed
from the standpoint of advertising rather than typography, from which standpoint printing is discussed elsewhere in this journal.

“ T & T Imprint.”

One essential, it seems to me, in the production of a piece
of good printing, is the sense of pride that one has in producing
it. So it must have been in the case of the production of the
winter issue of T dr T Imprint, published by Taylor &
Taylor, of San Francisco. Not only because of the typo¬
graphical excellence of the booklet itself, but because of what
the contents represent to the company in the way of every-day
work well performed, the special issue of the house-organ
should inspire a feeling of pride in those responsible for it.

This last issue of T & T Imprint is one of the most preten¬
tious of the many specimens of printers’ publicity material that
has come to The Inland Printer recently. There were two
motives in getting it out, the company says. The first is to
present in permanent form the exceptional praise given to the
work of the Taylor & Taylor plant by a noted critic, and to
give to the public as far as possible a glimpse of representative
specimens of printed-matter in all of its varied forms that
come from the company’s presses day by day. The result is
a convincing argument to the
buying public of the character
of Taylor & Taylor’s books,
catalogues, cards, etc.

The cover design (Fig. 1)
is made up of typefounder’s
material with the exception
of the monogram, which, to¬
gether with the Forum type,
was designed by Frederick W.

Goudv. The title-page and
the headings of the leading
articles are also set in Forum.

Mr. Goudy also designed the
head-band and the initial letters.

The main text is set in Kenner-
ley Old Style, another of Mr.

Goudy’s type designs. Other
pages are set in Caslon Old
Style. The cover is a light¬
weight vellum stock. The text
paper is an offset bond book
and the color illustrations are
printed on enameled paper.

The booklet is 9F2 by 12 inches,
and it contains twenty-eight
pages. This technical descrip¬
tion alone will give the printer
a good idea of the care taken in
preparing the publication and
of its effectiveness as a repre¬
sentative piece of good printing.

Approximately one third of the

Imprint is devoted to a review of specimens of the plant’s work
by Mr. French, who tells in the language of a layman why the
company’s products will appeal to the people intended to be
reached in the most direct and most powerful manner. The
critic classifies the Taylor & Taylor printing as artistic, but all
printing to appeal, he argues, must be artistic. One page is
given over to extracts from letters from patrons testifying
to the satisfaction that the company’s printing, service and
prices afford. These and the several pages of unusually well-
printed specimens of printing that the company has produced
and sold give the “proof of the pudding” to the reader. A
sample page (Fig. 2) is reproduced on the following page.

Until recently, printers generally have made little use of
the method much used in other lines of business, namely that
of presenting specimens of their products in the advertising and
publicity literature. The firm that sells hardware, or the com¬
pany that offers shoes for sale, will use a picture of the prod¬
uct and a detailed description. That is as near as either can
get to supplying a customer with a sample of his wares in his

catalogue or other advertising
literature. But the printer can
supply to prospective customers
actual samples of his product
on the printed page. More
and more printers are coming to
see the advantage they have in
utilizing this effective means of
advertising and many house-
organs, booklets and other
forms of publicity issued by
printers now contain these spec¬
imens. They do more than ac¬
quaint the public with the kind
of printing that your plant is
able to produce. They spread
valuable ideas used by others
and thus become creators of
new business. And, if the spec¬
imens disclose the quality that
those in this issue of Imprint do,
then every printer will have
pride in exhibiting them.

Knoxville Lithographing
Company.

The Knoxville Lithograph¬
ing Company, Knoxville, Tenn.,
has issued a booklet, 9 by 12
inches in size, containing speci¬
mens of “advertising literature
that have stimulated actual
business.” There are six pages

654

THE INLAND PRINTER

February, igi8

EXAMPLES OF THE WORK OF TAYLOR <V TAYLOR, SAN FRANCISCO

? N Wednesday evening
r October the third , at
j seven o’clock, adinner
will be given by the
members of the Bohe-
1 mian Club to HENRY
MORSE STEPHENS
i in honor of his sixtieth
birthday. 1 1 will be your privilege at that time
to do homage to a Bohemian whose loyalty,
devotion, and service to
during the fifteen year
an example for us all. Y
and opportunity to pay
friendship, but to celebr
tion to health and to B
so recently, he was for
away.

edge. The folder was en¬
closed in a special envelope
with square flap. In the
original printing there is
a deep plate-marked border
framing the type, which
adds considerably to the
appearance of the work.
This specimen is a good illus¬
tration of how much moie
effective and dignified really
good printing is than the
ordinary stereotyped copper¬
plate engraving customarily
used for affairs of this sort,
(xi) This business card,
done for Messrs. Schussler
Brothers, the art dealers, of

emian

—Fellowship, Our Grove
Bohemia, The Owl. But to
more than to him we wish
cause, like him, we would e
like him— the author of “St.
the grove; and because, like
the Owl, there has been pre
without a gay and whimsica
good St. Patrick, entitled

CMaking
The Triumph

San Francisco, California
September 26, 1917

'Please fill tut and mail

( XVII )

■i

4gS

-41

Apollo

A Music Drama

BOOK AND LYRICS BY FRANK PIXLEY
MUSIC BY EDWARD F. SCHNEIDER

Being the Thirteenth Grove Play
of the Bohemian Club of
San Francisco, presented
in MfBohemianGrove
Sonoma County
August 7^

MC M X V

San Francisco
BOHEMIAN CLUB

M C M X V

(xvni)

Fig. 2.

of reproductions of catalogues, college annuals, booklets,
brochures, folders, circulars and mailing-cards that the company
has issued for its patrons, offered as proof of the firm’s readiness
to produce the same effective sort of advertising for new clients.
What the company has done for some in stimulating business,
the booklet tends to convince, it can do for others.

This method of advertising employed by the Knoxville
concern forms a direct, specific appeal for new business. It is
a method that printers, fortunately, are learning to use effec¬
tively in their literature. Some printing establishments, now
hopelessly in the minority, still cling to the old style of pub¬
licity; that is, acquainting the public with the fact that they
do printing, telling in an indefinite way about a “service”
they can supply and perhaps mentioning quality. That sort
of publicity helps in a way, of course, but it fails in creating a
demand for printing, and hence a demand for new business.
The Knoxville publication says to you, and says it as forcibly
as if it were opening a sample case on your desk: “Here is
what we have done to bring new business to other firms; we
can build the same sort of advertising literature for you from
the ground up and bring that new business to you.” It offers
the reproductions of work done by the company as proof of
its ability to print the right sort of advertising.

The front cover of the booklet (Fig.
3) bears a picture of the sales manager at
his desk. The reproductions are clearly
printed on enameled stock. A confi¬
dential information blank is included
for manufacturers, wholesalers or jobbers,
and retailers to fill out and mail to the
sales manager in case they are interested
in having the company propose a direct -
by-mail advertising campaign, designed
to promote the sale of their goods.

“ Etchings.”

The printer who is fortunate enough
to have Etchings , the house-organ of
Gatchel & Manning, Philadelphia, come
to his desk regularly probably will get a
new view-point regarding the character
and use of half-tones and line drawings.
There are undoubtedly many printers
to whom a half-tone is just a half-tone
and a zinc etching an etching, no matter
how or where made. Not all, but too
large a proportion, of the printing in
circulation shows that this indifference
in the matter of providing the right kind
of cuts exists. It is to correct this that
the Gatchel & Manning company issues
Etchings for distribution among printers,
believing that “a better knowledge of
the advantages of quality engravings will
be mutually profitable.”

Newspapers bear the brunt of con¬
demnation from the public for the lack
of quality in their illustrations. But
newspapers have an excuse, if there is
such a thing as an excuse for poor print¬
ing. With a newspaper there is always
that fight against time in the preparation
of the photograph or drawing and the
making of the plate. Then the illustra¬
tion must be produced on news-print,
unless there is a special section. But,
for the printer, there is no more reason
for poor printing as regards pictures than
as regards type and make-up. Etchings
will serve its purpose if it aids in remedying the defects in the
phase of the production of printing it has set out to correct.

By comparison the
company shows in its
publication the differ¬
ence in the finished
product between the
ordinary half-tones
and line drawings, and
half-tones and etch¬
ings of quality. Under
the heading, “Give
the Artist His Due,”
the editor says:

“He can take a
commonplace photo¬
graph and from it
make a pen drawing
in which he can put
action, life, feeling or
emotion. Instead of
the cameo-like, mo¬
tionless branches of

February , igi8

THE INLAND PRINTER

655

the photographic tree, he gives us swaying limbs and whisper¬
ing leaves. He takes Old Independence Hall, photographed
in its quiet and placid dignity, and turns loose around it the
driving, elemental forces, or he can have the snowflakes filter¬
ing down on it as softly as a mother’s benediction. (Fig. 4.)

“Even the prosaic foundry building with its practical lines
and its gaunt towering stacks — he takes it, silhouettes it

in each month’s issue is a small card calendar for the month,
attractively printed in colors with an appropriate design. The
same plan is followed by many house-organ publishers.

“ Copco Facts.”

The Central Ohio Paper Company, Columbus, Ohio, issues
a house-organ, Copco Facts, which affords a fairly good example

OLD INDEPENDENCE HALL

Fig. 4.

Fig. 5.

+ - - — - — — - - - - - —

against a darkening sky and the imagination sees it the dimly
suggested, shadowy embodiment of industry.

“This ability acquires a distinct commercial value when
he becomes familiar by experience with advertisers’ needs, and
paper and press restrictions and limitations.”

This company attempts through Etchings, its house-organ,
to help its patrons get results for those for whom they produce
printing. It goes about it in a practical way. Each month
it reproduces specimens which will enable the reader to develop
ideas for his own use. Every engraving, the company believes,
should be made for its specific purpose, to be used under
certain understood conditions. In the December issue, among
other things, it gives some pertinent suggestions on the care
and filing of engravings for future use. Another helpful and
interesting suggestion carried has to do with the effective use
of especially designed borders for advertisements (Fig. 5).
Borders, it is pointed out, used on small advertisements can
make a display out of all proportion to the amount of space
used. These borders can be designed to harmonize with any
type, any style of illustration and to print on any stock.

Etchings is 4J/2 by 6 inches in size, printed on a heavy
enameled stock particularly adapted to illustrations. Enclosed

- - - - - - - . - - — - - +

of the field a house-organ can successfully cover — a medium to
carry direct-to-the-consumer advertising and a publication
that can be of service to the company’s organization. There
is reproduced here a sample page (Fig. 6) illustrating the
character of the contents — including that personal element
which tends to bind the members of the organization closer
together and to keep the outsiders in closer touch with the
firm — and the advertising material. Other pages carry a larger
amount of direct advertising matter, however, than the one
shown here.

The house-organ might not pass muster typographically
under analysis of the critical printer, for the use of color and
the make-up could be materially improved. Yet from the
view-point of text it contains much information of value to
printers and users of paper generally. That information is so
presented that it is quite likely to be read. An article on
shipping conditions and the necessity of placing paper orders
far ahead; another on the question of credit in dealing with
paper houses; another on the selection of stock, and another
on the necessity of printers asserting their independence in
business give an idea of the nature of the contents that the
printer ought to be willing to peruse. Then, there are the

656

THE INLAND PRINTER

February , igi8

news articles about what
the company and its staff
are doing and the adver¬
tisements of the com¬
pany’s wares.

The house-organ is
published on an enameled
stock sold by the com¬
pany and attention is
called to its adaptability
to good printing and to
the reproduction of half¬
tones. I11 the December
issue, the front cover
(Fig. 7) carries an attrac¬
tive drawing depicting
Santa Claus presenting
soldiers at the front with
stationery handled by the
publishers of Copco Facts.

Stilted Letters.

Several publicity or¬
gans recently issued by
printers have devoted
considerable space in an
effort to get the writers
of business letters to cast
off the stilted phrases that
have so long character¬
ized correspondence of
this nature. It is to be
hoped that their sugges¬
tions are heeded. If any
form of writing needs re¬
form, certainly it is the
unoriginal, hackneyed
epistle dealing with busi¬
ness affairs which gener¬
ally states what the writer has to
say in the roundabout way so
long and constantly employed.
The criticisms directed against
these stilted letters are that they
are monotonous, that they do not
present what the writer wants to
say in a simple, direct style, which
is the most effective in any form
of writing, and that there is a
vast waste of time, energy, space
and words. Glance over the aver¬
age business letter that you re¬
ceive and there is little doubt
that you will agree.

Under the heading, “Don’ts
for Letter Writing, ” the current
number of Dash, the house-organ
issued by Quinlan-Fricke Print¬
ing Company, St. Louis, Mis¬
souri, gives some advice taken
from “Talks on Business Corre¬
spondence” by Cushing Bam-
burgh. Since they are directed
against the most glaring evils
contained in most business corre¬
spondence, I believe they are
worth reproducing here:

“You would never think of
talking such phrases as ‘came

Cppco In cl a

December. 1917

Still Selling Stationery

THE Sammy with the smile is Private Harry
J Rowe of the 146th Ohio Ambulance
Company. The tent marked "13” is the one
he occupies at Camp Sheridan. It’s also the

headquarters for Copco Stationery at the Camp,
for Rowe hasn’t gotten over the habit of selling
he acquired as a member of the Columbus sales
force. He's spending odd time selling stationery
to his mates and has sent in several nice orders.

Ideas lor Color Combinations

STRONG color combinations are one of tne
best assets of good printing. White paper
and black ink are always effective. The fol¬
lowing table will be found helpful when seeking
other color combinations:

Paper Inks

White Crimson red.

Navy blue.

Emerald green.

Light blue Light red.

Dark blue.

Light yellow and yellow brown.
Dark blue Dark red and gold.

Light blue and white.

Green and orange.

Light brown Dark brown and silver.

Green, gray and lilac.

Dark brown Black and white.

Light drab.

Orange.

Light green Yellow and dark brown.

Gold and orange.

Dark green.

Copco Flag Has 17 Stars

THE Copco Service Flag now bears 17 stars.
In addition to those mentioned previously
in Copco Facts, Joseph Whitcomb
of the Service Department, and Thomas
Dunkle, of the Office force, have entered
the service from the Columbus house.

Jerome F. Page, of Columbus, who en¬
tered the Second Officers' Reserve Camp,
has been appointed a first lieutenant.

The list of Copco men in the service
would be augmented by over half a dozen
but for rejections because of physical defi-
ciences. These men, while not represented
by a star in the flag, nevertheless are, like
so many men in similar positions, "doing
their bit.” They are filling, with their added effort,
tfie gaps felt in the national commercial army by
their fellows.

Olive and gold.

Rich green.

Blue and white.

White and gold.

Dark green.

Orange and dark blue.

Dark red.

Gold and white.
Light blue and silve

Good Dummy Record for Year

DURING the year ending December 1st, 512
dummies were furnished to printers bv the
Copco Service Department. In nearly as
many other instances, stock to make dummies
was furnished.

These dummies were all specially made. They
went out into the hands of printers to help them
"get the business" No record has been kept of
how many dummies "got the order,” but the
figures tend to show how much printers appreci¬
ate dummies in soliciting business.

Nothing so surely lands a pamphlet or catalog
order as the actual presentation in an attractive
wav. of what is to be delivered The dummy
fulfills this function. It is the answer to the man
from Missouri.

The Copco Service Dcpart-
rm here 19 tay /or^ ment is always ready to make

That xf you haven't had up dummies according to
A Mtrry Mery specifications or as suggest-

\d ,r. Ca,P hc,P y°U "gCt

(nil nrner

Knew “Swan when it was a “Cygnet

ALLOW us to in¬
troduce our sen¬
ior salesman. H,

C. Lemert, if you have
not met him already.

Probably you have.

Everybody calls
him Howard, which is
his first name. We
don't know what the
“C" stands for. but
it's probably "Copco.”

Whatever it is, it
isn't any more a part
of him than Copco is.

Twenty-seven years
handling Copco
products, including 2o
years in selling them,
is his record. He
started “shoving a
truck" when Copco didn't have many — or need
them. As Copco grew he helped the process,
proved big enough to grow with it — and did.

Fig. 6.

G)pcofhcts

Fig. 7.

duly to hand,’ ‘thanking
you in advance,’ ‘I beg
to remain.’ Why spoil
your letters with them?

“ Carefully avoid such
words and stock phrases
as ‘beg to acknowledge,’
‘beg to advise,’ ‘beg to
inquire,’ etc. Don’t beg
at all.

“Don’t say ‘kindly’
for ‘please.’ Avoid ‘the
same’ as you would the
plague.

“Don’t write ‘would
say.’ Go ahead and say
it.

“Don’t say ‘enclose
herewith.’ ‘Herewith’ is
superfluous.

“Don’t ‘reply’ to a
letter; ‘answer’ it. You
answer a letter and reply
to an argument.

“Don’t use a long or
big word where a shorter
one will do just as well or

! better.

“Carefully avoid the
appearance of sarcasm.

“Beware of adjec¬
tives, especially superla¬
tives.

“Finally, don’t forget
that certain small words
are in the language for a
real purpose — ‘and,’ ‘a,’
‘the,’ are important, and
their elimination often
makes a letter read bald, curt and
distinctly inelegant.”

Dash has given some principles
about writing that have been
accepted by the best of authors,
except the authors of business
letters. It will be an effort well
directed if it and the other
printers’ publications succeed in
breaking down the old-fashioned
rules that guide the writers of
business letters. It will cause
business epistles to carry a little
more refreshing air along with
them to their destination.

Some Publicity Hints.

Arcady’s Ink Pot. issued by
the Arcady Press and Mail
Advertising Company, Portland,
Oregon, contains, among other
good things, a brief statement
of the new postal rates, for the
benefit of those who are using
three-cent stamps where two-
cent stamps will do and trying
to get letters through for two
cents when three cents is re¬
quired. The Ink Pot says that
so many misunderstandings of

February , igi8

THE INLAND PRINTER

657

the law have come to its notice that it is certain that everybody
is not conversant with the rates. The company is preparing
a large wall-card giving the new rates in simple, concise form
so that “it doesn’t take a Philadelphia lawyer to understand
them.”

Patterson & White Company’s house-organ, Impressions,
has as its leading article a discussion of the paper situation.
After reviewing the changing prices it concludes with this
advice: “We feel that we are right in advising all those who
are contemplating the use of advertising literature to go ahead,
rather than to wait for a lower market, as the chances of their
finding it are practically negligible, and, added to this, one
must consider the loss of time, which, in the majority of cases,
is not to be outweighed by a barely possible saving of half a
cent per pound in the price of paper.”

“Pictures, illustrations and decorations of one kind or
another are an absolute necessity in modern advertising,” says
a recent issue of Northern, published by the Northern Engraving
Company of Canton, Ohio. “They are used in their various
forms principally for the following reasons: First, to attract
attention; second, to arouse interest; third, to aid understand¬
ing; fourth, to help the reader form a favorable decision.”
Then Northern gives proof of illustrations as a necessity by
presenting statistics regarding the use of them in the advertise¬
ments appearing in the leading publications in this country.

In the December issue of Ammunition, the publicity organ
of the Barnes-Ross Company of Indianapolis, we find this
advice about the buying of printing: “There is only one
sensible, economical way to buy printing. Choose the printer
who, by previous work of the same kind, proves he is best
qualified to produce the particular work you have in hand.
Then trust him implicitly to work out your ideas at a price
which will be fair to each of you. Mutual confidence and
cooperation in this manner will do more to increase your returns
per dollar invested than any amount of ‘shopping.’”

A warning to printers against the making of promises
regarding delivery and other matters that are not kept is con¬
tained in the Advocate Junior, the house-organ published by
the Advocate Printing Company of Newark, Ohio. It suggests
as a New Year’s resolution for printers that they stop breaking
promises. “If you expect to remain in business,” it says,
“you must establish the faith or confidence of the people. If
they do not have faith or confidence in your firm they will buy
elsewhere. Keep your promises! ”

WISCONSIN’S LEADING SOLDIER A PRINTER
AND PUBLISHER.

BY ERNEST A. ATHERTON.

HILE various parts of the country have told
of their loyal sons who have been honored with
positions of trust by the Government, Wisconsin
has one of whom she is justly proud and con¬
fident, in Brigadier-General C. R. Boardman,
of Oshkosh, now commanding the 64th Brigade,
32nd Division, a volunteer Wisconsin National
Guard organization. In civil life, General
Boardman is a life-insurance man and, what is more interesting
to our readers, a printer and publisher, being vice-president
of the Hicks Printing Company, publishers of the Oshkosh
Daily Northwestern, and treasurer of the Globe Printing Com¬
pany, of Oshkosh, commercial printers and binders.

He graduated from the University of Wisconsin in 1884,
located in Oshkosh and went to work for Allen & Hicks, serv¬
ing as reporter and later as business manager.

While in college, he won honors as a leader in the cadet
corps. He brought his interest in affairs military to his new
home, and soon, by reason of his unusual capacity for leader-
0-6

ship and his sustained enthusiasm, attained to the captaincy
of Company F, which shortly became one of the highest rated
companies in the Wisconsin National Guard, and is now a
part of the Rainbow Division. His progress here was rapid;
the thoroughness of his work as an organizer soon gained recog¬
nition throughout the State, and later, after his appointment

Brigadier-General C. R. Boardman.

as Adjutant-General, throughout the nation, which he served
in a military capacity as a member of the Militia Board and
the Board of Military Affairs, an unusual distinction for a
National Guardsman.

Meanwhile, he found a little time in the strenuous days to
devote to civil pursuits. With able associates he built up a
commercial-printing business, the Globe Printing Company,
at the same time maintaining an active interest in and connec¬
tion with the Hicks Printing Company.

At this time there was founded in Oshkosh what is now a
thriving life-insurance business, the Wisconsin National Life
Insurance Company. General Boardman was active in its
promotion, bringing to the new work the same energy, appli¬
cation and broad, clear vision that won him success in other
lines. He proved an invaluable man in the development of
the life-insurance company, of which he is now president.

The growth of these interests forced a retirement from
military life and in 1913 he resigned from the service to which
he had given twenty-nine years of earnest effort.

His respite was short, however, for with America’s entrance
into the Great War, the Governor of Wisconsin accepted Gen¬
eral Boardman’s tender of services, and called him out to lead
the Wisconsin forces.

Wisconsin is content and glad to have her leading soldier
at the head of her volunteer brigade. Knowing the sterling
character of the man, and also the loyalty that his men bear
toward him, she has no doubt of the part they will play in the
great struggle. And Wisconsin printerdom is proud — and has
a right to be — that from its ranks should come a man to
serve his country in so high and important a capacity.

65S

THE INLAND PRINTER

February , igi8

TEACHERS' ROUND TABLE

BY W. H. HATTON.

Instructors of printing are here offered the opportunity of discussing the various problems that arise during the course of their work. The editor will be glad to

receive ideas and suggestions that will be of value to the fraternity.

A Method for Teaching Spacing to the Apprentice.

A knowledge of correct spacing is perhaps the most impor¬
tant factor in the preliminary education of a printer, and the
most difficult factor to teach. If the thought is allowed to pre¬
vail in the mind of the printing student, or the apprentice, that
spacing is a matter of little consequence so long as the type is
speedily assembled, then habits are formed that decrease his
value as a workman. But if the student, or the apprentice, is
made to realize that a knowledge of correct spacing is a vital
factor in the making of a printer, and that unless he becomes a
thorough master of the elements that enter into it he can never
be a leader in the craft or a credit to it, then he will strive to
perfect himself in this subject and will form habits that eventu¬
ally produce a skilled workman.

It is very necessary, then, that as the apprentice begins to
assemble his type characters into lines, and to take his first steps
in printing, every precaution be taken to surround him with
only such methods as will produce the highest degree of skill.

But it is not always easy to surround the apprentice with
only such methods as will produce the highest degree of skill.
Particularly is this true in the matter of teaching correct
spacing.

Workmen in a majority of the trades work to fixed standards.
There is very little left to judgment. But in printing, the judg¬
ment of the workman is continually called into play. Take, for
example, the spacing in the following line:

Rotogravure is an art, but, like many other new inventions.

In this line the compositor finds that it is necessary to drive
in the “s” and the comma. If his training had been only for
speed he would immediately take out the spaces nearest the
point where his thumb was and replace them with thinner
spaces until the comma and the letter “s” could be driven in.
But, on the other hand, if his judgment had been developed and
the beauty of the work he was producing had been his greatest
pleasure, he would have gone back to the commas after the
words “art” and “but” — and to the spaces after angled char¬
acters like the “y” in many and the “w” in new — and driven
in his thinner spaces there. It would have taken a second longer
and a little more thought, but the result would have been much
better printing.

How can this judgment, such a necessary part of good print¬
ing, be developed in the apprentice in the workshop and the
schoolroom?

With the conditions that surround the apprentice in the
printing-office we are all familiar. After doing routine work
for several months he is at last given a piece of copy with
instructions as to what type to set it in, and the number of ems
in width. It is probable that he might be given detailed instruc¬
tions regarding his spaces, and the point system as it is related
to spaces taught him, but in nine cases out of ten it is not even

probable. More often the shop apprentice begins his work
at the case in entire ignorance of the fine adjustments that are
possible by the several combinations of type spaces. In many
cases he depends upon the aid of a friendly compositor for
answers to his questions regarding the method of spacing cer¬
tain lines and overcoming certain difficulties. He is not sur¬
rounded, as a rule, by a system that will develop the judgment
we have mentioned above as being such a necessary part of
good printing, for, if he were, some competent workman would
oversee each line as the lad assembles his letters in his stick,
point out each instance of poor judgment and help him decide
where best he could drive in necessary characters, or how best
he could space out his words to the full measure.

He is not taught — he is only given an opportunity to handle
type, and for his knowledge he must depend almost entirely
upon his sense of observation and his ability to ask questions.

On the other hand, we find the instructor of printing con¬
fronted with from ten to twenty students on the opening day
of his class. They are taught how to lay the case, the correct
method of holding the stick and the use and misuse of spaces.
They begin to set type from copy especially prepared and
usually to a measure of twenty picas. The “swift,” for he
develops early, is ready with his first line. The teacher takes
the stick and tries the line for justification, reads the words for
incorrect spelling and criticizes the spacing, for it is almost sure
to be wrong when set by a student of this nature. Within the
next twenty minutes he must repeat these operations as many
times as he has students in his class, and in order to surround
his students with methods that will produce the highest degree
of skill he should repeat those operations for at least the first
fifty lines. In the meantime his students are gaining in speed
with each succeeding line and the process becomes not only
difficult, but impossible.

The result of this situation in the schoolroom is incorrect
spacing at a lime when correct spacing should by all means be
insisted upon. It is surely a fundamental of the trade that should
not be neglected.

It was under conditions similar to those described that the
writer, teaching in the Baron de Hirsch Trade School, developed
the idea of using special spaces and quads for beginners. Why
not have spaces that would print and thereby establish in the
mind of the student their exact use and thickness? It seemed
perfectly logical and practical.

The matter was taken up with Mr. Zimmer of the Hansen
Type Foundry, and from plans submitted the following char¬
acters were cast:

Three-to-em Four-to-em Five-to-em

Em quad En quad space space space

(IJ H = = I

Showing the Special Spaces for Teaching Beginners.

Boxes were made in the sheet-metal department of the school
that would fit the en and em quad boxes and the three, four

February, igi8

THE INLAND PRINTER 659

and five to em space boxes, and they were tilled with a supply
of the specially designed quads and spaces.

Before the student is allowed to use these quads and spaces
a lecture is given to impress upon his mind the system of points
upon which type bodies and spaces are based, and in this lecture
illustrations are also given of the em quad divided into three,
four and five to em spaces. A very earnest effort is also made
to have the student remember his ten-point spaces not only as
three, four and five to em, but as containing points, 2 N
points and 2 points, respectively. The reason for this being
that as he advances in the work a knowledge of the points in

IMMBEARLYlPRINTINGlINlAMERICAfcoQ

fro|AlLwriters:ion:ithe|5|historyE:of|5|printing::agree::that|5lthe
first=press=in=the=New;World;was;establisliedAn=the;city
ofiMexico^andAhatAhis^eventAooNplacedmthe^sixteenth
century;^but^when5;detailsA:omeSto[5]beA:onsidered,kcon-
flicting:theories;are;set=up=and=diverseSstatementsSmade.
One;oPthese5accounts-claims;that;the;first-Spanish:Vice-
oy5oPMexico,5AntonioNe;Mendoza,5who5wentAoiMex-
ico=in=1535,;and2who=was=distinguishedyfor=his=devotion
to=literature,;established=aj;printingyoffice=some;years=be-
fore;1551,;andythatytheyprintememployedyby;him,2whose
nameywas=JoannesyPaulus=Brissensius,yoryLombardus,ya
native;oLBrescia,dn;Italy,5was;the-first;who:plied;the;art
preservative-in-America.[rc|For-a-time-one-of:diis-bcoks.-a
folio;volume;executed-in;1549;was;cited;as;theTrst;bock
printed-in-America.|TolAnother-andiiperhapsirmcreilccrrect
theory;isithatiprinting-was;first;establisheddn:Mexicoihy
theiSpanish;missionaries,;and=theyfact;seems;toibe;estab-
lished|5lthatl^under^their[5]auspicesya[|book,?one[5jmutilated
copyyof=which=is=stillyinyexistenceyin-yayprivateklibraryyin
Madrid, ;was;printedyin=1540,;byNuan;Cromberger,;who
died=about=1544,;andywho;wasyprobably;theyfirstyprinter

INlt=is5quiteScertain=that::the=printing-presS"was-activelv
employedAn^MexicoHn^lessHhan^a^century^afteritheniew
art=became=generally;known;in=Europe,iand=fomnearlyia
centuryybeforeyayprinting-pressywasSintroducedyintoythe
present-hmits-of-the-United-States.--|5|fro|[ro||l~^[ro||l Oil 011 1 OlTp]

First Exercise in Spacing for Beginners.

the spaces of the several type-bodies is valuable information
and can be made use of continually in displaywork.

The first exercise, page one, is then taken up with the class
and the spacing is discussed line by line. Each student is given
a copy and the little problems that puzzle him are threshed out
until he understands. It is perfectly easy with this system to
show the student why a line was spaced a certain way, but
under the old system it was nearly impossible to make many of
them understand. When the questions that arise in the minds
of the students have been solved they are instructed in the use
of the composing stick and rule and taught the manner of pick¬
ing the letter from the case and the method of placing it in the
stick.

Exercises numbers one, two and three are set entirely with
beginner spaces and the instructor finds that it is not necessary,
as before, to look over every line, for the student after a short
time understands the system and will produce not only correct
spacing, but correct justification. The system answers, at a
glance, a multitude of questions that continually arise in the

minds of the students, and the difference in the thickness of his
spaces is a mechanical certainty.

When exercises numbers one, two and three are finished and
the spaces returned to their proper boxes, something that was
impossible before unless closely inspected by the instructor, the
boxes are returned to a cabinet and are ready for the next class.

The student is now ready to begin work using the regular
spaces.

NEWS-PRINT MARKETING CONDITIONS AGAIN
UNDER FEDERAL SCRUTINY.

BY OUR WASHINGTON CORRESPONDENT.

IKE the proverbial cat, there comes back to
original environment the perennial controversy
between printers and publishers on the one
hand and paper manufacturers on the other
hand, with respect to the prices and marketing
conditions governing news-print. The open¬
ing of the new year saw the inauguration on
the part of the Federal Trade Commission at
Washington of another attempt to arrange a basis that will be
mutually satisfactory to both producers and consumers of print-
paper, and that will endure at least for the period of the war.
Before much progress had been made it became necessary to
postpone further moves in the matter until February, but the
outlook is that by April 1, 1918, the trade will be apprised of
the prices that must henceforth prevail on all roll and sheet
paper that comes under Uncle Sam’s mandate — and, inci¬
dentally, on all news-print purchased by the United States
Government for its rapidly expanding needs.

This is not the first time that the Federal Trade Commission
has put its finger in the print-paper pie. It will be recalled
that when the paper market was most disturbed in 1916, and
when prices had mounted to levels that most consumers
regarded as virtually prohibitive, the Trade Commission, under
authority from Congress, made an exhaustive investigation of
the paper industry — an investigation that produced the
reports upon the news-print and book-paper industries, respec¬
tively, that came from the press only a few months ago. As
the outcome of the solicitude of the Trade Commission at that
time, arrangements were made whereby a certain considerable
proportion of the producing interests placed their entire out¬
put in the hands of the Trade Commission for apportionment
and distribution to publishers. Similarly, there was acceptance
by this part of the trade of the basic price of 2M cents per
pound for roll paper in carload lots, which the Trade Commis¬
sion deemed equitable.

However, the understanding thus arrived at, and which
seemed to warrant hope for the ultimate solution of the print-
paper controversy, was short-lived. A Federal court in New
York, at the instance of the United States Department of
Justice, returned indictments charging conspiracy and restraint
of trade against a number of the leading paper-manufacturing
corporations, and these interests, finding that they must fight
in defense of their business policies, declined to continue to be
parties to the Trade Commission’s love-feast or to longer
furnish paper at the compromise price of 2N cents, although
one of the paper companies, the International, did bow, under
protest, to the order of the Secretary of War requiring it to
furnish, at the price, sufficient news-print for the

Official Bulletin, Uncle Sam’s new daily paper, printed primarily
to give circulation to the Government’s orders and statements
in connection with the war.

The paper manufacturers who were haled before the Fed¬
eral judges in New York were unable to put up a defense such
as would entitle them to a clean bill of health, and finally, as
the result of extended negotiations, a treaty of peace was
drawn whereby the Department of Justice, in effect, released

66o

THE INLAND PRINTER

February , igi8

the paper men on their own bond, pending good behavior, and
in accordance with a promise that they would abide by what¬
ever prices the Federal Trade Commission might fix for their
product — said prices to go into effect on April i of the present
year and to continue until three months after the war. Inci¬
dentally, it may be remarked that in the background there
loomed the prospect of the Congressional measures now pending
which would authorize the Commission to permanently con¬
trol the output of all the news-print mills and dictate prices.

A tentative price of 3 cents per pound for roll paper in
carload lots was fixed for the first quarter of igi8 in order to
give the Trade Commission time to make a thorough investi¬
gation of costs of production in the paper industry with a view
to fixing a just price on April r. The Trade Commission, for
all that it has within the organization a News-Print Section,
the experts of which, under the direction of Dr. Merchant, are
well versed on news-print costs, felt that it was up to the paper-
producers to make out their case as to investment and cost of
production, etc., and in order to give opportunity for the
presentation of all evidence in support of the producer’s ideas
of proper prices the Trade Commission arranged for public
hearings to begin at Washington on January 7.

At the appointed time, Henry A. Wise, counsel for the
paper manufacturers, appeared before the Commission but only
to plead for an extension of time in which to compile the
statistics which the producers desired to file in support of their
case. Expert accountants in the service of the papermakers
had, during conferences in December with the cost-accounting
specialists on the staff of the Trade Commission, agreed upon
uniform schedules and standard forms of cost accounting, but
the paper companies declared that they were not ready with
data on all the elements of cost and investment and they
asked for a postponement.

In response to this request the Trade Commission set for¬
ward to February 4 the date for the general hearings, which
are to be given over primarily to the evidence and argument
of the papermaking interests. In the meantime, however,
the Trade Commission granted a hearing to the representatives
of the publishing interests, who are in the role of paper con¬
sumers. In announcing that arrangements had been made to
give audience to the print-paper producers, the Trade Com¬
missioners had let it be known that they would be glad to hear
from newspaper and periodical publishers, printers, dealers in
paper or any other “interested parties.”

The contingent of consumers was liberally represented when
there was called to order the initial session scheduled for
January 7, but these users of paper came, naturally, with the
expectation of listening rather than of talking. It was their
expectation that they would hear what the producers had to
say and later would present their side of the case, with refuta¬
tion of any of the papermakers’ statements in which they
should be able to pick flaws. The sudden postponement took
them, naturally, somewhat aback, but they seized the oppor¬
tunity to draw to the attention of the Trade Commission what
is known as the “standard contract,” under which print-paper
has been sold during the year 1017, and to point out various
injustices which it is claimed are worked upon paper buyers
by this form of compact.

From the standpoint of the printing-trade, probably the
most interesting feature of the protest has to do with the first
clause of the standard form of contract which, it has been
testified, operates to narrowly restrict a paper purchaser in the
use of the paper which he has bought outright and paid for.
As written, this clause — although the fact might not be
apparent at a casual reading of the instrument — obligates
the signer to use the print-paper furnished to him for printing
the editions of the publication stipulated in the contract, and
to use it, moreover, during the period (presumably the interval
of a calendar year) specifically covered by the contract.

Publishers were on hand to relate first-hand experiences of
the hardships that these restrictions have worked. According
to some of the evidence given, some of the publishers have, on
the score of violation of contract, been compelled to abandon
a profitable business in printing supplements for other publi¬
cations within their territory. In other instances, when pub¬
lishers, by a commendable exercise of economy in the use of
paper, had closed a year with a surplus of news-print on hand,
they were compelled to pay a forfeit equivalent to an increase
in price before they could use that paper in the ensuing year.
A New York newspaper publisher, Emil M. Scholz, of the
New York Evening Post, testified that when his concern
attempted to print for an outside interest the weekly class
paper known as the Army and Navy Journal, the International
Paper Company had insisted that contracted paper was for
their exclusive use and could not be furnished to another pub¬
lication. Publishers presented other grievances in connection
with the standard contract, notably the restrictions imposed
with respect to paper of standard size and the liability of
publishers to extra expense for postage when paper is over¬
weight, which it allegedly is in many instances. In short,
indications are that the first three months of igi8 will see the
issue of print-paper — production, distribution, price and speci¬
fications — threshed out pro and con at Washington with a
thoroughness never equaled in the history of this controversial
subject.

A RARE OPPORTUNITY.

The three-year plan being undertaken jointly by the
United Typothetse of America and the allied industries, offers
promise of being put into execution within a short time. There
is, however, an insistent demand from all parts of the country
for immediate organization help, and the Typothetse is striving
to meet the demand. It now has several field organizers at
work who are demonstrating the methods to be employed
under the three-year plan. Several cost accountants are also
employed to meet the awakened interest in this subject in all
parts of the country.

There can be no more noble calling than that of a repre¬
sentative of the United Typothetse of America in carrying
on the great unselfish work it has on hand, and this line of
work is going to prove a regular profession with adequate
compensation. Local organizations are being formed and
secretaries arc in great demand. Cost installation contracts
are being entered into and cost accountants are imperatively
needed.

Men who have had experience along these lines, or who
consider that their general knowledge of the printing business
would fit them to carry on any part of these activities, should
get in touch with the national office of the organization, 608
South Dearborn street, at once.

WHEN “ U ” IS V.

Why do some modern architects assvme that U is V and
carve in stone that palpable and bold absvrdity?

Now that we possess the U, with soft and graceful cvrve, of
vnexcelled docility and willingness to serve, why do they carve
UNITED STATES and PUBLIC SCHOOL and svch and
make the English langvage look as fvnny as the Dvtch,
with RESTAURANT AND PULLMAN CAR and UNIUER-
SITY and other marks of edvcational perversity?

That U impresses some of vs as cheap and gavdy blvff
which parvenves may pvll in place of more svbstantial stvff,
bvt people who are fashioned ovt of vnpretentiovs dvst view
all svch affectation with an vnassvmed disgvst. Svch exhibi¬
tions always make vs glvm and blve. Now, honest Injvn,- don’t
they have the same effect on yov? — Printers' Ink.

February, igi8

THE INLAND PRINTER

661

THE FIRST MOVABLE METALLIC TYPE.

BY FRANK L. MARTIN.

0 China has long been awarded the distinction
of giving to the world the first printing from
movable type. For this, of course, the Chinese
deserve great credit from the world, yet how
many closely connected with printing know
that these movable types were of clay and that
the first metal type was molded and put to
effective use in Korea, for centuries known as
the “hermit kingdom,” the most backward and unprogressive
of all nations? This is not a new fact in the history of print¬
ing, but one that is not generally known by printers or others
outside of the trade. It also leads up to the fact that the use

of metallic movable type first spread to Japan, whose people
are today more inveterate readers of printed material — news¬
papers, magazines and books — than those of any country
elsewhere.

It was the idea of Yung-lo, a progressive ruler of a seclusive
and uneducated people in Korea, that brought about copper
type. He conceived the idea that, in order to govern his people
correctly, he must have books. Accordingly, an investigation
of ancient records made a few years back by Ernest Satow in
Japan shows that in the second moon of the spring of the first
year of Yung-lo (1403) that ruler issued this order to his
attendants:

“Whoever is desirous of governing must have a wide ac¬
quaintance with books, which alone will enable him to ascertain
principles and perfect his own character, and to attain success
in regulating his conduct, in ordering his family aright, in
governing and tranquilizing the State. Our country lies be¬
yond the seas, and but few books reach us from China. Block
cuts are apt to be imperfect, and it is moreover impossible to
thus print all of the books that exist. I desire to have types
molded in copper, with which to print all the books that I may
get hold of in order to make their contents widely known.
This would be of infinite advantage. But as it would not be

right to lay the burden of the cost on the people, I and my
relations, and those of my distinguished officers who take an
interest in the undertaking, ought surely to accomplish this.”

Subsequent events show that the invention of metal type
was born of this desire for knowledge and education. A royal
board was appointed and the Koreans began casting type, fol¬
lowing the general principle used by the Chinese in making
clay type, on “the nineteenth day of that moon,” and in a few
months several thousand had been cast. While it is agreed
by those who have studied Korean printing that there must
have been earlier works, the first volume from this copper type
now in preservation was issued in 1409. It, with another book
of the same year, is the property of the Imperial Historiograph¬
ical Bureau of Japan. There is contained in it this interesting
account of the incentive of Yung-lo for type and books:

“It was his earnest desire to develop morals and religion,
so as to improve them in the present age and thus to transmit
them to posterity. He consequently had these types cast in
order to print all books. May they extend to a myriad volumes
in number and be handed down during a myriad generations.
Thus vast was the design, so deep was the thought that inspired
it. The tradition of the king’s teaching shall last as long and
be as imperishable as the Sacred Calendar.”

Records show that the Koreans had some labor troubles,
because workmen complained that the casting of type was no
easy job. Because the ideographs, or characters, were at first
made too large and the molds imperfect, the printing was not
of good quality. Yung-lo ordered them made smaller, and
better results were obtained. Later he complained that the
small type was too difficult to read and went back to the larger
size. After considerable experimenting they succeeded in get¬
ting the larger type satisfactorily cast.

It is characteristic of Japan that that empire was the first
to “borrow” Korea’s new invention. Although Korea later
was under Chinese rule and China herself was the inventor of
clay type, it was some time after Japan was using copper type
that we find any trace of its use in China. Japan, then, as
now, had a habit of making excursions to the shores of her

Making Type with Modern Machinery in the Office of the “Asahi.”

Women and children are used in the work of distributing this type after it is cast.

662

THE INLAND PRINTER

February, igi8

western neighbors and bringing back what she wanted in the
way of civilization and other things. There is a tradition that
she had found out what Korea was doing with copper type
soon after the first Korean book appeared, but the most authori¬
tative account is that Japan did not begin using the type until
after the first invasion of Korea by the armies of Hideyoshi in
the early sixteenth century. A large quantity of Korean copper
type was brought back by one of the invading Japanese gen¬
erals, Ukide Hideihe. This type was not only used by the
Japanese in printing books, but served as models for the print¬
ers in casting type. The first books issued by the Japanese

paper so as to give it a smooth surface, and 5,819 boxes to hold
the type. The type was cast and finished off with engraving
tools afterward. The workmen received as their wages a small
portion of rice per day, except the correctors and the copyists,
who received three times the portion of the others. All worked
from six o’clock in the morning until six o’clock at night.

Japan, although it clung to the use of the wooden blocks,
especially for small publications, made rapid advancement in
the use of movable metallic type. Books were printed and
widely circulated, and, as far as the records show, the people
of that country were much larger users of printing than the

A Scene in the Composing-Room of the Tokio “Asahi.”

The Asahi (Rising Sun) is one of the leading newspapers of Japan and has a circulation of approximately 250,000.
Note the long cases and the number of compositors with the sticks made of wooden boxes at each case.

are exact copies typographically of the Korean books, including
the ornamental type used in the margins.

The first book was issued by the Japanese with the Korean
invention in 1596. It was in three volumes, averaging a little
more than ninety folios, with the pages 6% by 6 inches. Deal¬
ing with the early Japanese books, there is an interesting story
of a printer, by the name of Iheyasu, who, in 1615, ordered a
collection of stories written by a Buddhist priest printed in book
form from copper type. He gave the order in March. On
April 9 the compositors were at work, and one Chinaman was
engaged to make any type that was needed in addition to the
supply already on hand. The compositors worked at the rate
of thirty pages a day and the book was out of the printers’
hands by the middle of July. More than 13,000 new types
were made by the Chinaman alone. The printer himself had
a fatal disease and wished to live to see the work completed,
but died a month before it was finished. He arranged all the
minute details of the work, however, before his death. There
were twenty-three workmen employed in all, consisting of two
block-cutters, three engravers, ten compositors, five pressmen
and three correctors of the press. There was some trouble in
getting correctors of the press with sufficient intelligence, so
monks from the famous temple at Kamakura had to be hired.
The quantity of type in stock was 67,490 of large type and
32,708 of small size. There were thirteen printing boards or
tables, forty-eight wedges, five boards for beating out the

Koreans in those early days. Their use of the Korean inven¬
tion has resulted in the development of a race of readers, and
the use of printing for everything except advertising, that rivals
the countries of the western world from which it has gleaned
its civilization of today. Everybody in Japan, from the coolie
up to the cabinet officer, reads his newspaper, book or maga¬
zine. Today there are published in the empire some 5,000
newspapers and periodicals. As long ago as 1911, the last
year for which statistics are available, there were published
some 50,000 books in one year.

Every large newspaper in Japan today has its printing-
establishment and its own typefoundry. To the American
printer, accustomed to dealing with a language of twenty-
six letters or a type-case of only seventy-eight letter-boxes,
the difficulties that the Japanese compositor has in printing
with movable type are readily apparent. The Japanese lan¬
guage is expressed visually by ideographs instead of letters,
and the compositors must differentiate between 10,000 ideo¬
graphs. It means that no one can become a compositor unless
his training begins in childhood. The printing of the average
newspaper there calls for 9,500 separate characters, of which
4,000 are in common use. The printer uses a wooden stick,
and when he comes to a character that is not within his reach,
he calls out to a boy, who scampers away to the other end of
the case and gets it for him. These cases are about twenty
feet long and five feet high.

February, igiS THE INLAND PRINTER 663

MACHINE COMPOSITION

BY E. M. KEATING.

The experiences of composing-machine operators, machinists and users are solicited, with the object of the widest possible dissemination of knowledge

concerning the best methods of obtaining results.

Line Governor Not Needed with Thermostat.

A Nebraska operator writes to inquire if a line governor is
required for artificial gas where a thermostatic governor is
used on the metal-pot.

Answer. — A line governor is not needed as the valves in
the thermostat control the orifice through which the gas must
pass to the burner.

Stretching Bar-Point Prevents the Raising of
Two Thin Matrices.

A Western operator sends the following reply to our sug¬
gestions: “I made the tests you mentioned as to the distrib¬
utor, and stretched the bar-point. On replacing it, I found
everything working all right in the test. The figures were
lifted one-thirty-second of an inch, and the small letters (thin
matrices) came up all right, one at a time. This is a great
improvement over what it was before I followed your instruc¬
tions.”

Irregularity in Recasting of Slugs.

An Ohio printer writes as follows: “A machine in our shop
has developed a peculiar kick such as I have never before
experienced, and I would like to enlist the aid of the Machine
Composition department. The trouble appears to be in the
justification, but it is more than I can do to figure out the
cause. It has happened every time so far in a line having six
spacebands. The line will cast every other time only, and upon
recasting it misses regularly every second time.”

Answer. — The cause of the peculiar action of lines when
justifying is rather obscure and we are unable to assign a
reason for it, but suggest the following plan to determine it:
Examine the face of the mold for protruding screws or metal.
Take a brush and graphite the mold-keeper grooves and the
grooves of the first-elevator jaws, also the top of the justifica¬
tion block. The aim is to minimize the friction. Then send
in a line such as you mentioned. Lock spaceband shifter and
recast. Watch the pump-stop block while recasting and see
if the pump-stop is released each time, also observe how much
clearance is given.

Matrices Drop Irregularly.

A Texas operator writes: “Will you please advise me how
to remedy this trouble on a Model 5 machine? Lower-case
‘b’ and ‘y’ frequently fall in lower-case ‘g’ channel. Also,
lower-case ‘p’ falls in lower-case ‘v’ channel. Matrices and
channels are in good shape; there is no oil or dirt in sight;
machine is one year old and no adjustment has been tampered
with, and there are no matrices lying flat in channels. This
trouble occasionally happens on ten-point. Eight-point runs
all right. The partitions are not bent or battered.”

Answer. — We would suggest that you try the following
plan: Run out all the characters in the “g” channel; send a

“b” and a “y” into the distributor-box separately; turn the
distributor-screws by hand, and when the character is near its
dropping point hold it elevated so it will pass over its channel
and re-engage the rails on the distributor-bar; continue turning
the screws until the matrix finally falls. Touch the “g” key
to see if it has fallen into that channel. We have found by
experiment that matrices will often be carried beyond their
original dropping point and fall into other channels because
they were held up by a thin, flat matrix at their regular dropping
point. You state that no flat matrices were found. However,
the foregoing test may show that the offending matrices will
always go into the same channel when they pass the proper
point of dropping. Repeat the test several times and also
try the other characters.

Transpositions Can Not Be Corrected by Oiling
Assembler-Slide.

A Texas operator states that he has quite a number of
transpositions marked on his proofs and also has trouble with
the assembler-slide. He wonders if they are related troubles.
He has oiled the assembler-slide and changed tension of the
brake-spring, but to no purpose, as the proofs do not improve.
He waits advice.

Answer. — We believe you can correct some of the trouble
you are having by undoing what you have done by applying
oil to the assembler-slide. Clean off all of the oil with gasoline,
and do not in any case apply oil, or graphite, to the slide.
Examine the square blocks, or shoes, on the brake. If you
find these have their corners worn, change them so as to have
the sharper corners bite on the slide. Increase the stress of the
brake-springs and try operating, and see if the trouble is not
minimized or entirely overcome. We would like to see one of
your proofs, as we have, in other cases, noted transpositions
that did not originate in the assembler. If you will send a
proof we will examine it and submit our opinion.

Matrix Bruised on Under Side of Lower Front Lug.

A West Virginia operator encloses a matrix with the follow¬
ing letter: “Would you please tell me what is damaging our
matrices on both bottom ears? They stick in the magazine
when it looks perfectly clean. Gum rollers are new; matrix-
release in magazine works fine. I think this widening out at
the bottom ear holds them in the channels.”

Answer. — When sending a question like the above, the oper¬
ator should mention the model of the machine. We can then
be more specific in our reply. The spreading of the lower corner
of a matrix lug indicates an impact with something harder
than the fiber piece in the assembling elevator, and we would
suggest that you examine the point of contact in that elevator.
If the fiber piece is worn or grooved, order a new one; in fact,
order about six of them, and change as often as they appear
worn. Examine the top of the lower assembler glass or brass

664

THE INLAND PRINTER

February, igi8

piece to see if there are any marks to indicate contact from lower
front lugs. From the appearance of the matrix it would indicate
impact of undue force in falling. Take a fine file and remove
the burrs. ' The matrix will not be harmed by this treatment.

Transposition of Spacebands and Matrices.

A California operator writes: “I have had considerable
trouble on a Model K with transpositions of the kind shown in
the accompanying proof — that is, the spaceband coming in
after the first letter in a new word instead of before. This
seems to be the letter ‘ t,’ lower-case, more frequently than any
other, but it always occurs in one of the first rows of lower-case
letters — those that drop and assemble almost entirely by
gravity, rather than those letters that are carried a distance
by the assembler-belt. The spaceband seems to come down
late, even after the ‘ t ’ is assembled within the retaining pawls,
but frequently it will come at the same time and land on top
of the letter — the lower-case ‘ t.’ The keyboard is not speeded
up; the chute-spring is not bent too low, and seems to be
all right. I have taken off the spaceband box and cleaned it
thoroughly, and it appears to be in perfect working order.
The only change I have made since I came to work here was
when I found the spaceband very stiff, so that it had to be
pressed much harder than the other letters. I lightened the
spring of the spaceband on the keybar a trifle, which remedied
that trouble, so that the spaceband responds apparently all
right to a reasonable touch; but the transpositions I mentioned
persist, no difference one way or the other.”

Answer. — Remove the spaceband cam and see if its pivot
is dry, or if its milled edge is blunt. Attend to these details,
if they require it. Some machines have a cam that is a trifle
larger than the other cams. If this is the case on your machine,
remove it and substitute- some other cam, then tryout a few
lines. If none of the foregoing require attention, try roughing
the roller with coarse sandpaper. If that does not improve
matters, cut off about one-fourth of an inch of the spring on the
spaceband keyrod. We are unable to suggest any further
treatment, except to remove both front and back rolls and see
that their bearings are not dry. A dry roller-bearing will
cause the roller to rotate slowly and may cause some trans¬
positions, although this does not seem to apply in the present
case. Let us know the result of our suggestions. Possibly
a close scrutiny of the parts may reveal some other details.

More About the Electrically Heated Metal-Pot.

The following statements have been received in reference
to the electrically heated metal-pot, mention of which was
made in this department in the December issue:

From the Intertype Corporation, San Francisco agency:

“The Intertype Corporation is manufacturing a direct-
current electric metal-pot and also an alternating-current
electric pot. The latter is commonly called an induction pot.
The heating elements we are now using are manufactured by
the General Electric Company, which company is using them
in all of its electric heating apparatus, as well as in metal-
pots.”

From the Orphans’ Industrial School, Loysville, Pennsyl¬
vania: “A query in the December number of The Inland
Printer about the electrically heated metal-pot for linotype
machines came to my notice, and although you have very
ably answered the question of the operator from the State of
Washington, I desire to relate my experience to any others who
may seek information. In December, 1915, a Model 15 linotype
was installed in our printing-office, heated by a Cutler-Hammer
electric pot. I was just a bit timid about the heating part,
though the machine itself gave me no worry whatever, having
spent the last eighteen years around a linotype. There was no
electrician within miles of us who had ever seen one of these
newfangled pots, or even a linotype, and the operator of

our electric plant — a very busy man — is four miles away. At
that time the pot was not much more than an experiment.
After the machine was erected, an electrician was secured and
the pot connected with our private plant. The switch was
turned on and in forty-five minutes we were ready to send in our
first line, and perfect slugs have been cast from the first. No
electrician has seen the machine since. All the necessary
work, which consists of cleaning the contact points on the
thermostat, has been done by ourselves, and after two years’
use we are ready to declare the electric pot as far ahead of gas
as the automobile is ahead of the ox and the cart. Most of our
work consists of straight composition, thirteen and sixteen
ems, six to twelve point, although we cast four to thirty ems
six to twelve point with the same good results. Our machine
is operated mostly by boys from twelve to sixteen years of age;
in fact, the primary object of the plant is to teach the orphan
boys at the Tressler Memorial Home a trade whereby they may
earn a livelihood at the age of sixteen years, though at present
we are doing upwards of $20,000 worth of business (mostly
church work) each year, and the profits go toward the support
of the home. At the above age, our boy operators are able
to make all the changes necessary from one job to another,
and very little attention is necessary from older ones except
to oversee the work. You are at liberty to use any part or all
of this in your valuable journal, which comes to us regularly
every month and is part of our equipment for instructing the
boys.”

GERMAN CONTROL OF CHILEAN PAPER
TRADE.

Germany’s pre-war control of Chile’s paper trade is described
in detail in a report by Special Agent Robert S. Barrett, who
has just finished an investigation of South American paper
markets for the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce,
Department of Commerce.

In 1913, Germany sold Chile fifty-five per cent of its total
imports of paper, England fourteen per cent, the United States
thirteen per cent, France five per cent, and Belgium and Spain
each four per cent. Probably not more than half of the paper
credited to Germany was manufactured in that country, but
the organization for world-wide export and the large buying
power of the Hamburg wholesale paper merchants enabled
them to quote lower prices than their competitors.

Since the war started the United States has greatly increased
its share of the trade, and Special Agent Barrett believes that
if this new business is handled carefully, with an eye to the
future, much of it can be made permanent. It will take many
years for firms to live down bad impressions made at this time.

Copies of “Chilean Market for Paper, Paper Products,
and Printing Machinery,” Special Agents Series No. 133, can
be purchased at 15 cents each from the Superintendent of
Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.,
or from any of the district or cooperative offices of the Bureau
of Foreign and Domestic Commerce.

ACCURATE.

An editor had a notice stuck up above his desk on which
was printed: “Accuracy! Accuracy! Accuracy!” and this
notice he always pointed out to the new reporters.

One day the youngest member of the staff came in with his
report of a public meeting. The editor read it through and came
to the sentence: “Three thousand nine hundred and ninety-
nine eyes were fixed upon the speaker.”

“What do you mean by making a silly blunder like that?”
he demanded, wrathfully.

“But it’s not a blunder,” protested the youngster. “There
was a one-eyed man in the audience!” — Minneapolis Tribune .

^Jhe

business man, lauuee
prin tee priest or poet
who earnestly tries to
serve his neighbors will
earn both money cj real
happiness, but the man
who works for ‘moneip
alone, gels that and
nothing else. "

Pleasing wall-hanger by The Holmes Press, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Original
was printed on white Japan stock, which was mounted on heavy brown cover.

February, igi8

THE INLAND PRINTER

665

“ PRINTING FOR PROFIT.”

BY STEPHEN H. HORGAN.

jHARLES FRANCIS tells in his book, just to
hand, the experience of one who has spent
fifty years of a most active life in the printing
business and enjoyed it all, consequently his
book is, primarily, pleasant reading. There are
also wholesome philosophy and sound business
ethics taught in every page. Practical details
of every department of the printer’s work,
from the time he learns the trade until he establishes and con¬
ducts a business, are gone into, so that “Printing for Profit”
is indeed profitable reading.

By way of preface, Mr. Francis says: “It is time that
printing received its proper recognition as one of the greatest
of world industries, the thing that makes
civilization possible, the art that permits
cooperation among mankind. . . . One
aim of the present work is to make clear
the modern conditions surrounding print¬
ing as a manufacturing industry; to
demonstrate that, while it is an art, it
has developed to such commercial pro¬
portions as to present broad manufac¬
turing problems, very different from
those that confronted printers of the last
century, and requiring recognition for the
future progress of the industry. Like
other manufacturing, it tends to special¬
ization, and the moneymakers in print¬
ing today are those who have most suc¬
cessfully developed some special line of
work, doing it either better, faster or
cheaper than before, and in many cases
making progress in all three of these fun¬
damentals of success.

“This is primarily a business book,
but I have tried to present everything
from a standpoint higher than the mere
coining of dollars. While recognizing the
necessity of measuring much of the
progress of our industry by the popular
commercial standard of money, yet I
feel that we make real progress only as
we make our surroundings harmonious, and that this always
entails a development in that brotherhood which is willing
to live and let live, which desires only a fair profit, and is unsel¬
fishly glad to see others also reaping a fair return.

“I have always seen to it that a profit was charged on every
bit of printing that went through my establishment, even if
it was not always collected. I have sought a profit, not only
in dollars, but in character, and the esteem of my fellows in
the world of ink and types. If I have won the latter I am
indeed rich; if only the former, then I am poor. Therefore,
in urging Printing for Profit’ on the craft, I desire to be under¬
stood as urging profit in the broad sense of ‘any increase of
good from labor and exertion,’ this being the excellent definition
found in the Standard Dictionary.”

It is an intensely interesting story, in itself, how this
Australian boy wandered to Tasmania, where he began to
learn the trade of printing with a wage of 62 cents a week,
passed on to New Zealand, thence to London and finally to
the United States, where, after many wanderings, he settled in
New York and at the age of seventy years owns and manages
a printery that does the printing and mailing of a publication
every business day in the year. His life spans the printing
industry from the day when everything was performed by hand
until today, when machinery does it almost entirely.

Charles Francis,
Author “Printing for Profit

Young Francis began printing on a hand-press that could
be depended on to register within a half inch. The printer
had to cast his own rollers, make his own lye from wood ashes,
and got his imposing-stone from the tombstone-maker. He
never saw a type-cabinet until 1870. Chases were made by
the blacksmith. Type was considered fit for the hell-box when
it was said to be “worn down to the second nick.” When
there was trouble in bringing up the impression, the remedy
was a simple one “involving only plenty of squeeze.”

The story of the rise of the Charles Francis Press is told by
Spencer Lathrop. He tells something of the genial personality
of this tall human dynamo who developed it all, who still gets
to his office at eight o’clock in the morning, and who proves
by his success that work wins. Mr. Lathrop says: “Other
men in business recognize the rules for success, and violate
them when they feel like it; so far as I know, Mr. Francis never
did. He was a stickler for old-fashioned
straightforward methods. He never had
anything to conceal or cover up. When
he did business with another man he
laid all his cards on the table face up.
By which I mean he never kept back
what the other man had a right to
know.”

Of the twenty-eight chapters in the
book, the one on “Relations with Em¬
ployees” is most valuable. “My boys,”
Mr. Francis always calls his men. He
says they are loyal producers. “When I
conceded the eight-hour day to them,”
says Mr. Francis, “I called them to¬
gether saying: ‘Boys, I am going to
give you the shorter day at the old pay.
We won’t fight about it, but remember
that we will have to compete with some
shops running nine hours at the same
pay you are getting for eight, and if you
don’t make good, and produce as much
as they do, this shop will have to either
close up or be ratted.’ The next month,
running at eight hours, we had a larger
production in the composing-room than
we ever had under the nine-hour
schedule.”

Mr. Francis says that the flat scale
of wages tends to the overpayment of the slow men and poorer
workers and underpayment of the best and fastest workmen.
He suggests that there be three grades of workmen, with three
different wage rates according to their capacity. New men
start in the lower grade and have to show a certain production
and skill before they are raised to a higher class. He is very
insistent on the necessity of schools for apprentices, and the
reading of trade journals and technical books in the absence
of such.

Telling of the starting of a printing business, Mr. Francis
says that capital is always waiting for brains. Then he shows
how mistakes are made. To illustrate: “There is a machine
in the Charles Francis Press that cost $25,000 to install. Prob¬
ably it will be thrown out within fifteen years to make way for
something better. The sinking-fund charge against that
machine to replace its cost with interest is therefore $12 a day.
Other charges run the cost of operation up to $60 a day, and
as it has to be there ready for business at all times, with the
men ready to run it, the cost is at least $45 a day when it is
not running. As it must sometimes be idle, it is obviously
necessary to charge $75 a day for its use, to be sure of a profit
in the long run. This brings the cost up so that the work can
be done about as cheaply on smaller, old-fashioned machines.
However, this rapid machine turns out the work, which is in the

666

THE INLAND PRINTER

mails often a week before it could get there if produced by the
old methods. So we look to the gain in service rather than
reduction of cost in purchasing such a machine.

“This machine always has some idle hours, and as it stands
there eating up $45 a day, and costs only $15 more if kept going
on live work, there is a temptation to take in some job, say at
$35 a day, to fill in idle time. The poor business man would
be very apt to yield to such temptation, and grab such a job
as a tiller. The more far-sighted recognise that the printery
that starts to take tillers on which the overhead charge is not
included, usually keeps on until all the work of the place is
tillers taken below cost. Then it is too late to save things and
an assignment follows.”

Speaking of machinery, he says: “I see to it that my old
machinery is broken up. It would be well if all old machinery,
turned in in exchange, went to the junkman instead of being
‘rebuilt’ and put to work again to depreciate prices. I regret
to say that a press manufacturer tells me that 1 am the only
printer who does break up his old machines.”

The chapters on “Profitable Financing,” “Problems in
Salesmanship,” “Office Management and Keeping Accounts,”
“Securing Profit in Presswork,” “Problems in Purchasing,”
“Estimating and Price-Making,” “Ethical Problems of the
Printer,” are all subjects which Mr. Francis has learned about
in the school of experience, and he gives freely of his knowledge.
So highly valued is his opinion on financial matters that he is
frequently consulted in the unscrambling of business eggs.
This is not told in his book, neither is the fact that he is pres¬
ident of a bank and a director in many other enterprises.

A chapter is given to the “Growth of Trade Associations,”
and another to “The Printers’ League of America,” of which
Mr. Francis is justly proud, as he was not only the founder of
the league but its first president. This league has eight
branches, or locals, with 313 employers as members, covering
shops with 25,000 men and an invested capital of about
$50,000,000. As the trade -unions are part of the league he
gives among the ten advantages gained by the league that:
“Peace and harmony exist, strikes and lockouts are forgotten,
arbitration of difficulties has proved a gain for both sides, and
conciliation has reduced the previously existing friction to a
minimum.”

And so one might continue pointing out some of the valuable
features of this book, but its most valuable purpose is to compel
the reader to appreciate the printer’s art. It is an inspiration
to the young man entering the business, and will be a source
of pride to those who have spent years engaged in what is now
known to be the third largest industry in the United States.
The book is published by Bobbs-Merrill Company, Indianapo¬
lis, and can be secured through The Inland Printer Company.
Price, $3, postage 10 cents extra.

STANDARDIZING CATALOGUE SIZES.

Paper-dealers and printers have long realized the bad
practice of ordering catalogues and other publications without
any regard to the question of whether the size selected cuts
without waste from the regular size of paper. If the catalogues
take a sufficient quantity to be what is called a “making”
order, it is assumed there can be no question of the waste
because the paper can be made the exact size.

The paper-dealer and the printer know better, and there is,
if the printer estimates correctly, an additional charge made
to insure against loss from overruns or underruns, possible
delays in transit, the extra charge for less than 5,000 pounds,
and possibly the extra freight for a less-than-car shipment.

Unfortunately, all the economic loss is not always borne
by the consumer, but is likely to fall on the printer, the paper-
dealer and the mill. When, for instance, the mill overruns
the inside stock and underruns the cover, there is a loss which

February , 1918

someone has to pay for, and, unfortunately, it is not usually
the man who orders the catalogue.

No systematic effort has yet been made to standardize the
sizes of catalogues, but the same old wasteful, slipshod methods
are employed that have been in vogue ever since catalogues
were first issued. There has been some improvement in this
respect among small weekly and monthly publications, but
catalogue-makers have not as yet recognized the economy of
standardization.

The National Association of Purchasing Agents seems to
have grasped the idea, but has carried it to an extreme con¬
clusion. At its annual meeting this summer it recommended
that all catalogues be standardized to one size — 8p2 by n.
This size was evidently selected because of its adaptability for
filing in a letter-cabinet. But this size does not cut from any
standard size of paper and would not fit in any machine-made
envelope. It would require, for economical printing, a size
larger than 32 by 44, but presses which will print larger than
this size are exceptional and not in common use. Moreover,
it is wholly unsuitable for most lines of business.

The size 7 A by 10 1 2 is the nearest size to this which will
cut without waste from a regular size paper, 32 by 44, and
could be one of the standard sizes, but it is useless to expect
all catalogues to be made one size, as different lines of business
require different sizes. It would be just as reasonable for the
hatters to issue an edict that a No. 7 Derby should be the
standard for all men.

The most that we can hope for is to secure the adoption
of four standard sizes — 4A by 7, 6 by 9, 7% by 10N and
9 by 12. The small, or pocket, size {\lA by 7), which fits the
requirements of a large number of lines — ■ including the
paper-dealer and envelope manufacturer — can be varied
somewhat to suit the stock sizes of bond or book papers,
according to which is used, without doing violence to the
principle of standardization. These sizes ought to be sufficient
to meet all requirements. Paper, envelopes and filing-cabinets
are already standardized to suit these sizes.

In marked contrast to the purchasing agents’ recommenda¬
tion is the suggestion of a well-known advertising house that
catalogue-makers confine themselves to forty-eight sizes, all of
which, it is shown, can be cut from seven regular sizes of paper.

This suggestion is supposedly offered in the interest of
standardization and economy. It has the merit, at least, of
being one step in the right direction. Somewhere between
these widely divergent ideas lies the true solution of the
problem.

Probably nothing practical will ever be accomplished until
representatives of advertising houses, purchasing agents,
paper men and printers get together and agree on something.

At no time has there been such urgent need for this reform.
We are learning the folly of waste and the necessity of greater
efficiency. With a congested freight condition, which is getting
worse every day, it is impossible to promise deliveries of odd
sizes within any reasonable time, and a rush order is out of
the question.

Service and efficiency are the watchwords of every business
house today, and standardization means service and greater
efficiency. — Arthur II. Smith, in “The Al-Cor,” House-organ of
The Ailing & Cory Company, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

A “ LESS ” WEEK.

Wheatless Wednesday and meatless Tuesday have been
supplemented with an icecreamless Thursday by San Fran¬
cisco. Optimistic Seattle has added a blueless Monday, and
Tacoma; not to be outdone, offers a jinxless Friday. Another
well-known city — not calling any names - — has adopted a
bathless Saturday. And as there is only one day left we will
do our bit by observing a restless Sunday. — Exchange.

February, igi8

THE INLAND PRINTER

667

Brief mention of men and events associated with the printing and allied industries will be published under this heading. Items for this department should be

sent before the tenth day of the month.

Mrs. Clara J. Shepard Resigns
Official Positions.

Because of prolonged absence from the
city, Mrs. Clara J. Shepard, treasurer and
a director of The Inland Printer Com¬
pany, and also of The Henry O. Shepard
Company, has resigned her official
positions in both corporations. The
vacancies thus created will be tilled at
the annual meetings.

Standard Engraving Company Buys
Another Large Plant.

Late in December the management of
The Standard Engraving Company,
Incorporated, 143-145 West 40th street,
New York city, purchased the plant and
good-will of the engraving department
conducted by the New York office of
the American Press Association. When
advising The Inland Printer of the
purchase of the association’s plant, E. F.
Chilton, president of the Standard
organization, wrote that as soon as
alterations were completed the con¬
solidated plants would occupy the
twelfth floor of the American Press
Association building. The name of the
amalgamated plants will be The Stand¬
ard Engraving Company, Incorporated.

Joseph E. Ralph Located.

When Joseph E. Ralph resigned as
director of the Bureau of Engraving and
Printing, at Washington, he was pre¬
sented with an immense chest of silver
from his old employees as an indication
of the esteem in which they held him.
He then disappeared from Washington
and his old friends wondered what had
become of him. He was taking a well-
earned rest, and is now back in Wash¬
ington as vice-president and general
manager of the American and Foreign
Sales Corporation, the business of which
is to act as manufacturers’ representative
before this government and foreign
countries.

The corporation will bring the United
States government purchasing depart¬
ments into direct contact with manu¬
facturers both in this country and
abroad. He expects to have agencies in

all parts of the United States and in
foreign countries, and will specialize in
print-paper, printing machinery and
equipment, in which Mr. Ralph is widely
known as an expert.

Sam J. Turnes Now with Burnett
& Weinberger Company.

The Burnett & Weinberger Company,
successors to Schlau, Burnett & Co.,
has announced the addition of Sam J.
Turnes to the organization, his position
being that of sales service manager.
The identification of Mr. Turnes with
the Burnett & Weinberger Company is
an indication that the company intends
going out after business on the complete
service basis to a greater extent than ever.

“The Romance of Types.”

Frederic W. Goudy, the type-designer,
presided at the meeting of The American
Institute of Graphic Arts, New York
city, at which “Type-Faces” was the
subject for discussion. He illustrated
his address on “The Romance of Types”
with enlargements of type-faces, and
showed pages of rare books in which
famous types were used. It was indeed
a romantic story, that of the origin of
the roman types, the influences that
brought about deterioration and the
reaction that restored purity of style.
Among the large audience were numbers
of women who showed intense interest
in the subject under discussion.

“The Legibility of Type” was the
subject of Dr. Harry L. Koopman’s talk.
Doctor Koopman is librarian at Brown
University and has made a study of the
comparative ease with which different
types can be read. He explained the
scientific tests made on this subject at
Clark University and their value in
type-designing.

J. Horace McFarland, of the Mount
Pleasant Press, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania,
explained how different readers scanned
type-pages. Some of them developed a
faculty for taking in at a glance not only
words, but whole sentences. Colonel
Roosevelt, he said, had developed the
latter faculty, and by actual test Mr.

McFarland found that the Colonel could
glance over a full page of type-written
matter and not only read it in a few
seconds but be able to repeat it from
memory. Being a hasty reader, Colonel
Roosevelt is intensely interested in the
legibility of types.

Henry L. Bullen, librarian of the
Typographic Library and Museum of
the American Typefounders Company,
Jersey City, showed how inadequate the
present copyright and patent laws were
in protecting type-designs. He urged
that the American Institute use its
powerful influence with the present
congress in the matter.

Edward B. Edwards will preside at
the February meeting of the Institute,
when Jay Hambidge, the artist, will
explain the simple principles which he
has discovered that underlie all Egyptian
and Greek art.

United Typothetae of America News
Notes.

Blanks have been sent to the members
of the United Typothetae of America,
for reports of their hour-costs for the
year 1917. These reports, when sub¬
mitted by members operating the
Standard cost-finding system, are used
in making up the composite cost average
for the past year. It is suggested that
printers desiring to assist the Cost
Commission by sending in their figures
begin at once the compiling of their
statistics so that the blanks may be filled
out promptly and sent to the national
office. An extra effort now on the part
of each contributor will mean an early
publication of the composite statement
of cost of production for the year 1917.

Over 250 students have been enrolled
in the Standard Estimating Course for
Printers. Some of these enrolments
represent individuals taking the course
by correspondence while others represent
individuals taking the course by group
study, which is carried on through local
organizations. Those interested in
estimating and cost-finding and wishing
to obtain full particulars are invited to
write national headquarters, Chicago.

668

The demands for the services of cost
accountants is ever increasing. Many
local organizations are adopting an
accounting service in connection with
their other activities; this service, under
the supervision of the accounting staff
of the national organization, is conducted
by having a qualified accountant em¬
ployed by the local association to render
assistance directly to each member as
the occasion demands. Wherever tried,
this plan has met with genuine success
and worth-while results have been
obtained. Many individual members
throughout the country are requesting
cost installation service, which puts
heavy demands on the field accountants
of the national organization.

A Clearing-House for Teachers of
Printing.

The International Association of
Teachers of Printing has established a
cooperative bureau for placing printing
instructors in teaching positions. The
association has its home at 444 West
Fifty-seventh street, New York city,
and is preparing to list all applicants for
teaching positions and to receive requests
from school boards and superintendents
where vacancies exist. The association
will charge no fee and will make no
direct recommendations of applicants
or positions. It will rather afford a
clearing-house for bringing together the
school system which is in need of a
teacher and the teacher who is in need
of a position.

Joseph A. Donnelly, president of the
association, will be glad to answer all
inquiries concerning both the work of
the association and of its cooperative
teachers’ agency.

John Wesley Ostrander Passes
Away.

Again, with deep regret, The Inland
Printer chronicles the passing on of a
well-known, familiar figure in graphic
arts circles. John Wesley Ostrander,
founder of The Ostrander-Seymour Com¬
pany, manufacturer and dealer in
machinery for electrotypers, stereotypers
and engravers, Chicago, Illinois, passed
away in Los Angeles, California, Decem¬
ber 3, 1917, in his seventy-fourth year.

Mr. Ostrander was born in New York
State, and when twelve years of age
removed with his father and family to a
farm near Plainfield, Wisconsin. When
the Civil War broke out he enlisted in
an artillery regiment and served through¬
out the struggle. At the close of the
war he came to Chicago, where he first
attended business college and then
secured a position in a small machine-
shop owned by Messrs. Hartt and
Hobson, who specialized in the repairing
of printing-presses. In 1866 he was

THE INLAND PRINTER

made a partner in the concern, and,
largely through his efforts, Hartt & Co.
became one of the leading firms of its
kind in Chicago. Things were going
along nicely when the company’s plant
was totally destroyed during the great
Chicago fire of 1871. Having carried
insurance in local companies, all of
which failed as a result of their immense
losses, the loss of the company was
complete, and Mr. Ostrander was made

John Wesley Ostrander.

penniless. Once more he began to build,
and in 1881 he purchased .an interest in
the firm of Huke & Spencer, the name
of which was changed to Ostrander &
Huke and later to The Ostrander-Sey¬
mour Company, of which Mr. Ostrander
was president until his death.

Mr. Ostrander lived an active and
useful life, although beset with more
difficulties than the average man. The
result of his troubles, however, was to
strengthen him, developing in him
courage and determination which had
much to do with his ultimate successes.
His counsel was valued by many business
acquaintances and friends.

National Foreign Trade Convention.

The Executive Committee of the
National Foreign Trade Council has
issued an announcement to the effect
that, owing to the railroad congestion
and the desire of the council to cooperate
with the Government in the relief of the
situation due to the war, the dates of
the fifth national foreign trade conven¬
tion, to be held at Cincinnati, Ohio,
have been changed from February 7,
8 and 9 to April 18, 19 and 20.

The theme of the convention will be
“The Part of Foreign Trade in Winning
the War,” and approximately one-half of

February, 1918

the time will be devoted to the presenta¬
tion and discussion of papers and reports
dealing with different phases of this
theme. The remainder will be given
over to group sessions for the intensive
discussion of single problems under the
leadership of specially qualified experts.
Several of the papers to be presented
will deal with measures necessary for
American foreign trade in order to meet
the new situation after peace is restored,
and to hold the gains it has made in
recent years — organization in produc¬
tion and cooperation in marketing.

Those desiring complete particulars
regarding the convention may obtain
them by addressing the secretary, 0. K.
Davis, 1 Hanover square, New York.

The Denver, Colorado, Printing-
Trades.

The Denver printers are to be con¬
gratulated upon securing the services of
Henry Allen as secretary of their organ¬
ization, the Denver Typothetae. Mr.
Allen is too well known throughout the
country to need introduction. His wide
knowledge of the printing business, his
former connection as national secretary
of the Ben Franklin Club of America,
and also as secretary of the Ben Franklin
Club of St. Louis, give him an insight
into organization work and the needs of
the printers that will make him an
exceptionally valuable addition to the
Denver field.

The work of the Denver Typothetie
is going on with vigor. At a meeting
of the members, held recently, officers
were elected as follows: President, J. B.
Stott; vice-president, Thomas C. Egan;
treasurer, C. F. Hoeckel; recording
secretary, Rollie W. Bradford.

President Stott has named the chair¬
men of the various committees as follows:
Educational, T. K. Wonderly, of the
Robinson Printing Company; Cost¬
finding, B. Z. Miles, of Miles & Dryer;
Membership, C. M. Welch, of the
Brock-Haffner Press Company; Finance,
M. R. Foley, of the Smith-Brooks Com¬
pany; Legislation, A. D. Meyer, of
Alexander & Meyer Company; Credits
and Collections, C. F. Hoeckel, of the
C. F. Hoeckel Stationery & Litho¬
graphing Company; Trade Matters,
Otto F. Thum, of the Union Printing
Company; Insurance, J. Harry Carson,
of the Carson-Harper Company; Enter¬
tainment, C. C. Houston, of the United
Labor Bulletin Company.

The headquarters is at 420 Chamber
of Commerce building. A suite of three
offices serves the members, including a
large assembly hall for classes and other
meetings.

The annual meeting of Group No. 43
of the Denver Civic and Commercial

February , igi8

Federation, which embraces the printing
and allied industries of the city, was
held on December 14, at the Hotel
Metropole. Dinner was served under
the presidency of Orville Smith, of the
Smith-Brooks Printing Company, who
has acted as head of the group during
the year. J. H. Canfield, of the Carson-
Harper Printing Company, was unani¬
mously chosen to succeed Mr. Smith,
and J. H. Hines, of the United Labor
Bulletin Publishing Company, was
chosen as vice-president to succeed Otto
Thum, of the Union Printing and Pub¬
lishing Company. The rest of the
evening was given to discussing matters
of interest to the printing business, and
Secretary Henry Allen of the Typotheta;
delivered an address, in the course of
which he spoke of the satisfactory prog¬
ress that had been made by the organiza¬
tion since its inception and of plans for
its further development.

The oldest printers’ organization in
Denver, known as the Pioneer Printers’
Association, will celebrate Horace
Greeley’s birthday on February 4 with
a banquet and ladies’ night at the
Metropole Hotel. The attendance will
be large, as the event is looked upon as
one of the best held in the city.

Seventy Years of Successful
Business.

Seventy years of continuous and highly
successful business — this is the splendid
record of the William Mann Company,
of 5 29 Market street, Philadelphia.
This remarkable enterprise has steadily
grown to its present size from a small
and modest beginning back in 1848.
The growth and development has been
healthy and substantial from year to
year. Today, the William Mann Com¬
pany stands in the first line of the leading
printing, lithographing, engraving and
stationery manufacturing concerns of
the United States.

So full has been the business success
of the company, its good reputation and
trade extend not only through all States
in the Union, but extend also through¬
out South America, Cuba, and other
foreign countries. These gains have come
as a reward for the company’s honest
dealings with patrons, excellent service,
rendered and the uniform high quality
of the products it handles.

The William Mann Company was
founded by the late William Mann,
whose well-known name the house con¬
tinues to bear. Upon the death of the
founder, his son, Joseph H. Mann,
became head of the business. When he
died, he was succeeded by a younger
brother, Charles H. Mann, who passed
away in October, 1910. The business
then came under the control of Harry
A. Prizer, who at that time was vice¬

THE INLAND PRINTER

president of the company and is now
president and general manager.

The other officers of the company are:
John B. Buzby, treasurer; C. H. Prickitt,
assistant treasurer; H. A. Davis,
secretary, and Joseph S. Wilds, assistant
secretary.

New Secretary for Central Division
of Printing Teachers’ Organization.

Harry R. Hayes, of Denver, Colorado,
has been appointed secretary of the
Centra! Division of the International
Association of Teachers of Printing.
Mr. Hayes has been identified with

Harry R. Hayes.

vocational school work in printing since
19 1 1 , in which year the Denver Board
of Education considered the opening of
the Denver School of Trades. After
consultation with several of the leading
employing printers of the city, Mr. Hayes
was selected to take charge of the school
and has made a wonderful success of it.
His course of study is pronounced by
many of the leading educators of the
United States as the best of its kind, as
it is absolutely original and carries the
student from one branch of composition
to another, step by step, and incorpo¬
rates an unusual personal interest in the
work. The course comprises 275 speci¬
mens of all kinds of composition, from
the most simple card or envelope to the
most intricate tabular work, imposition,
lock-up, presswork. bindery and office
exercises; in fact, every kind of work a
compositor must do.

The Denver Board of Education has
recently installed several new printing
plants in the city schools and Mr. Hayes
has been appointed supervisor of print¬
ing. He is endeavoring to get his course
of study in print so that other teachers
of printing may have the benefit of it.

669

Mr. Hayes was born in Des Moines,
Iowa, June 8, 1877, and after attending
the elementary schools and high schools
of that city, began working in the office,
bindery, pressroom and composing-room
of the George A. Miller printing-plant.
He was placed in charge of the composing-
room in 1897. and was promoted to
superintendent of the printing depart¬
ment in 1903, in which position he
remained until 1906. After one year on
the newspapers of Des Moines he went
to Colby, Kansas, where he operated
the Colby Tribune for about nineteen
months. Having no special love for the
western plains, and desiring to go farther
west, he arrived in Denver, Colorado, in
August, 1908, and went to work in the
composing-room of the W. H. Kistler
Stationery Company, where, after six
months, he was promoted to superin¬
tendent.

Mr. Hayes enjoys the distinction of
being numbered among the prize winners
in many ad writing, ad setting, and
technical composition contests, among
which are the Century Dictionary,
Cyclopedia and Atlas advertising contest
of a few years ago, and the Wetter
Numbering Machine contest.

Craftsmen See Industrial Exhibits.

The regular monthly meeting and
dinner of the Philadelphia Club of
Printing House Craftsmen was held on
Thursday evening, January 10, on the
Winter Roof Garden of the Hotel
Bingham, with about 100 craftsmen and
guests in attendance.

After giving close attention to several
exhibits of printing machinery and
appliances, the Craftsmen got down to
regular business. Norman E. Hopkins,
secretary, read a report which proved
that the club was in first-class financial
condition. The annual election of officers
was then held, with the following result:
Ray Miller, president ; John A. Harbison,
vice-president; Justin Miller, treasurer;
Norman E. Hopkins, secretary. Board
of Governors: G. W. Umpehent, Edward
Magee, Ralph Ezekiel, Oscar Hale, Harry
Blaetz and H. C. Appleton.

Retiring President Charles W. Smith
was presented with a solid gold insignia
of the craftsmen. Charles Stinson, of
the Gatchel & Manning Company, made
the presentation address. Mr. Smith
had served the club as president for the
last two years. He spoke with feeling
in response to the kind mark of appre¬
ciation bestowed upon him by the crafts¬
men in attendance.

The annual meeting and banquet of
the club will be held at the Bingham
Hotel on Thursday evening, February 14.
This will be the most important celebra¬
tion of the club for the season, as it marks
the eighth birthday of the organization.

6yo

AMONG THE SUPPLY HOUSES

Walter W. Quinby Now with A. C.
Allen Paper Company.

Walter W. Quinby, who for several
years past has been connected with the
Duboc Paper Company, is now associated
with the A. C. Allen Paper Company,
of Chicago, as manager of sales. Mr.
Quinby is well known in the printing-
trade, having formerly been in the
photoengraving and printing business.
While superintendent of the publishing
plant of the W. D. Boyce Company he
originated the idea which resulted in the
organization of the Chicago Printing
Crafts Association, and was its first
president. The A. C. Allen Paper
Company is a concern that is doing a
large and growing business in mill
shipments of papers of all kinds and
grades, representing many of the best
mills in the country, and Mr. Quinby,
with his wide knowledge of the printing
business, should prove an especially valu¬
able addition to its force.

Chicago Branch of American Type
Founders Company in New
Quarters.

The Chicago offices of the American
Type Founders Company are now located
at 517-519 West Monroe street, having
recently been moved from 210-212 West
Monroe street where they had been for
the past twenty years.

The new location is between Canal and
Clinton streets, just a block west of the
Union Depot and the same distance
south of the Northwestern railroad
station. This is in the midst of the
new “Monroe street district,” the scene
of much business activity resulting from
the building of the new Union Station
and also the Monroe street bridge,
which will make this street a most
important east and west thoroughfare.

That this is a well-selected location
from a standpoint of service to the
general trade is evident by its proximity
to shipping centers and city transporta¬
tion lines. These facilities will even be
improved by the new bridge, now well
on its way to completion, and the new
union station which is to be located on
Adams street nearby.

Oswego Machine Works Makes
Large Growth.

During the past year, the Oswego
Machine Works, manufacturer of cutting
machines, has practically doubled its
machine equipment, has added a new
steel, stone, glass and cement building,
and has otherwise increased its facilities
to conserve the condition, always aimed
at, of being able to ship any one of the

THE INLAND PRINTER

many sizes and styles of Oswego cutters
promptly, even in the face of greatly
increased business.

Neil Gray, Jr., of the company, has
made announcement to the trade of the
appointment of James I. Beall as South¬
western representative. Mr. Beall’s
headquarters are 1500 Central National
Bank building, St. Louis, Missouri, and
he expects to cover the Middle West and
the Southern States.

Since the above announcement was
received, The Inland Printer received
a personal call from H. L. Thompson,
who is now opening a new office for the
company in Chicago at Room 436, First
National Bank Building. Mr. Thompson
was formerly connected with the Boston
office of the American Type Founders
Company in the capacity of western New
England representative, holding that
position for nineteen years. He will
cover the States of Illinois, Wisconsin,
Michigan, Indiana and Iowa for the
Oswego Machine Works.

Berger & Wirth an American
Concern.

Now that the Government is desirous
of learning whether American firms
which formerly held German connections
retain such relationship, and since the
“Made in Germany” sign has lost its
prestige and fallen into disrepute, houses
which formerly had branches in Germany
or which were branches of parent houses
in the land of the war lords, or which,
while American, had German names,
are busy making their status plain to
the Government and the people. The
ink-manufacturing firm of Berger &
Wirth, which at one time was connected
with a house of similar name in Germany,
is now a strictly American concern.
Since the incorporation of this company
in 1908, almost ten years ago, not one
dollar’s worth of stock has been owned
by any one outside the United States, so,
apparently, the firm is entitled to a clean
bill of health and the good-will of all
other American firms.

J. A. Richards Company Announces
Two New Composing-Room Saws.

The J. A. Richards Company, formerly
of Albion, but now of Kalamazoo,
Michigan, announces the addition of
two new machines to its popular line of
Multiform composing-room saws and
diemaking machinery. One of these is
a large pedestal style of machine, every
feature of which, even to the motor, is
enclosed inside the frame or pedestal.
The various changes from one operation
to another are made by shifting nickeled
levers on the front of the massive pedestal.
The circular trimming saw, drilling and
routing heads, or jig-saw mortising com¬

February, 1918

binations, can be brought into action in
an instant’s time. The name of this
machine is the Multiform DeLuxe saw.

The company has also added to its
line of moderate-priced saws a new
combination of the No. io style, having
improved point-system gages, a large
and heavy swinging neck and other
improved features designed to make the
machine more efficient.

Any one interested in saws, diemaking
machines, or dies for cutting cardboard,
paper, etc., would do well to write the
Richards Company for its descriptive
literature.

New Sales Manager for Ware
Coated Paper Company.

Henry J. Fackiner, who has been with
Louis Dejonge & Co., 6q Duane street,
New York city, for the past nineteen
years, has accepted the position of sales
manager of the Ware Coated Paper
Company, Ware, Massachusetts. Mr.
Fackiner started in his new position on
January i, making his headquarters in
new offices established by the company
at 710 Park Row building, 13-21 Park
Row, New York city. From this office
Mr. Fackiner will direct the selling for
the company and will do considerable
traveling himself.

The mill of the Ware Coated Paper
Company at Ware, Massachusetts, has
been in operation but a few months.
It was built especially for the production
of fine coated papers. Even though a
newcomer in the field, the plant is
working at capacity, the business show¬
ing a steady growth.

West Virginia Pulp and Paper Com¬
pany Opens New York City
Warehouse.

On January 15, the West Virginia
Pulp and Paper Company invaded New
York city, on which date a warehouse
and sales office similar to that operated
for a number of years at 732 Sherman
street, Chicago, Illinois, was opened at
200 Fifth avenue. This company, one
of the largest manufacturers of book-
paper in the world, sells its product
direct to the printer.

The company has stocked only eleven
of its lines of paper in the metropolis but
will carry large quantities of each
individual item, thus assuring customers
prompt delivery. Printers, publishers
and lithographers should get their names
on the company’s mailing-list for copies
of the “Mill Price-List” which is issued
on the first and fifteenth of each month.
Write the nearest house.

The announcement of the opening of
the New York office is especially striking,
being a broadside printed on heavy
enameled stock.

February , igiS

THE INLAND PRINTER

671

PRINTER

WANT ADVERTISEMENTS

THE INLAND

Harry Hillman, Editor.

Published, monthly by

THE INLAND PRINTER COMPANY

632 Sherman Street, Chicago, U. S. A.

Address all Communications to The Inland Printer Company.

Yol. 60. FEBRUARY, 1918. No. 5

Members of Audit Bureau of Circulations ; Associated Business
Papers, Inc. ; Chicago Trade Press Association : National Editorial Asso¬
ciation ; Graphic Arts Association Departmental of the Associated Adver¬
tising Clubs of the World : New York Master Printers’ Association :
Printers' Supplymen's Club of Chicago ; Advertising Association of
Chicago.

SUBSCRIPTION RATES.

One year, $3.00; six months, $1.50; payable always in advance. Sample
copies, 30 cents; none free.

Foreign Subscriptions. — To Canada, postage prepaid, three dollars and
fifty cents ; to all other countries within the postal union, postage
prepaid, three dollars and eighty-five cents, or sixteen shillings, per
annum in advance. Make foreign money orders payable to The
Inland Printer Company. No foreign postage stamps accepted.
Important. — Foreign money orders received in the United States do not
bear the name of the sender. Foreign subscribers should be careful
to send letters of advice at same time remittance is sent, to insure
proper credit.

Single copies may be obtained from all news-dealers and typefounders
throughout the United States and Canada, and subscriptions may be
made through the same agencies.

Patrons will confer a favor by sending us the names of responsible
news-dealers who do not keep it on sale.

ADVERTISING RATES.

The Inland Printer reserves the right to reject any advertisement
for cause.

FOREIGN AGENTS.

John Haddon & Co., Bouverie House, Salisbury square, Fleet street,
London, E. C., England.

Raithby, Lawrence & Co. (Limited), De Montfort Press, Leicester,
England.

Raithby, Lawrence & Co. (Limited), Thanet House, 231 Strand, Lon¬
don, W. C., England.

Penrose & Co., 109 Farringdon Road, London, E. C., England.

Wm. Dawson & Sons, Cannon House, Breams buildings, London, E. C.,
England.

Alex. Cowan & Sons (Limited), General Agents, Melbourne, Sydney
and Adelaide, Australia.

Alex. Cowan & Sons (Limited), Wellington, New Zealand.

F. T. Wimble & Co., 87 Clarence street, Sydney, N. S. W.

H. Calmels, 150 Boulevard du Montparnasse, Paris, France.

John Dickinson & Co. (Limited), Cape Town, Durban and Johannes¬
burg, South Africa.

Jean Van Overstraeten, 3 rue Villa Hermosa, Brussels, Belgium.

A. Oudshoorn, 23 Avenue de Gravelle, Charenton, France.

Prices for this department : 40 cents per line ; minimum charge, 80
cents. Under “ Situations Wanted,” 25 cents per line; minimum charge,
50 cents. Count ten words to the line. Address to be counted. Price
invariably the same whether one or more insertions are taken. Cash
must accompany the order. The insertion of ads received in Chicago
later than the fifteenth of the month preceding publication not guar¬
anteed. We can not send copies of The Inland Printer free to classified
advertisers.

BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES.

OFFICIAL NOTICE — In compliance with Section 30, Constitution and
By-Laws of the Sovereign Camp, Woodmen of the World, proposals
to print and deliver at its office in Omaha, Nebraska, blanks, blank-
books, stationery, advertising leaflets, constitutions and by-laws, receipts,
blank applications, etc., as needed during the year 1918, are invited.
Specifications and conditions will be furnished on application to W. A.
Fraser, Sovereign Commander, and John T. Yates, Sovereign Clerk,
W. O. W. building, Omaha, Neb., and will be submitted at the first
meeting in 1918 of the Sovereign Executive Council, it being understood
that should any or all of the bids submitted be unsatisfactory, they may
be rejected and proposals again invited. W. A. FRASER, JOHN T.
YATES, Supply Committee, Sovereign Camp, Woodmen of the World,
Omaha, Neb., October 1, 1917.

LARGE JOB-PLANT — The owners, publishers, wish to be relieved of
the work necessary to superintend it ; plant now making money ;
with a progressive owner, will be one of the most profitable in this city ;
plant has 12 up-to-date cylinders, 4 late model linotypes, automatic job¬
bers, bindery machinery for the publications printed ; work from the
present owners will be enough to meet payments extending over 2 years :
$20,009 cash necessary ; intertype with motor, $1,200 ; 16-page list of
bargains for the asking. PECKHAM MACHINERY CO., Marbridge
bldg., New York city.

PRINTING-PLANT with established business location, only $950 ; one
28 by 42 cylinder, two 10 by 15 C. & P. presses, one Pearl, electric
motors for each ; large variety of type ; one 32-inch cutter, lead and rule
cutter, perforator ; most everything needed in an office ; retiring from
business and will give long lease. $16 per month as rent, electric power
3 cents per unit. C. B. MORGAN, 2514 Church av., Cleveland, Ohio.

PRINTING-PLANT FOR SALE in factory town near Chicago ; first-
class equipment ; linotype with 5 sets of matrices, 2 large presses and
2 Gordons, motors, bindery, etc. ; doing nice business, magazine and book
contracts, catalogues and commercial work ; will sell on suitable terms.
F 417.

FOR SALE — Best newspaper and job plant in Pennsylvania county-
seat town ; county and county officers Republican ; war draft breaks
partnership ; gilt-edge proposition for man who has the money ; no
triflefs. JOS. S. JOHNSTON, Drawer H, Emporium, Pa.

PARTNER — Printer wanted to assist in developing fine job-printing
business ; first-class plant, doing about $25,000 a year, which can be
doubled in this field ; want inside man, a producer with a good record,
also must invest $3,000 in the business. F 93.

A FAIR-SIZED FIRM in Middle West desires connection with two real
linotype men, the object being the leasing of its two-machine plant and
contracting its composition ; fine opportunity for right parties ; corre¬
spondence confidential. F 578.

BUSINESS FOR SALE — Complete, up-to-date job-office in town of
40,000 ; manager gone to war and the plant to be sold ; fine oppor¬
tunity ; investigate. F 571.

PRINTING-PLANT, Chicago, Ill., central location ; 1 pony cylinder, 4
jobbers, regular equipment ; doing $25,000 a year business ; price
$5,500, terms. F 574.

FOR SALE — Best-paying two-machine trade linotyping shop in south¬
ern California ; would sell half interest to right party. F 563.

ENGRAVING METHODS.

ANYBODY CAN MAKE CUTS on ordinary sheet zinc at trifling cost
with my simple transferring and etching process ; skill and drawing
ability not required : price of process, $1 ; circular and specimens for
2-cent stamp. THOS. M. DAY, Box 1, Windfall, Ind.

FOR SALE.

FOR SALE — Secondhand Kidders ; one all-size adjustable rotary press,
size 43 by 56 inches, minimum sheet 26 by 34 inches, cuts anything
between, prints two colors on top and one color on reverse side of the
web, has traveling offset web and can do 133-line-screen half-tone print¬
ing ; machine in A-l condition, with complete equipment ; immediate
delivery ; also one Straight Kidder rotary press, size 28 by 20 inches,
printing one color on each side of the web, press equipped to deliver
product either flat or folded, speed 8,000 to 10,000 revolutions per hour ;
machine in perfect condition, has never been used : possession at once.
GIBBS-BROWER CO., 261 Broadway, New York city.

Megill’s Patent

SPRING TONGUE GAUGE PINS

QUICK ON

Send for booklet this and other styles.

MEGILL’S PATENT

Automatic Register Gauge

E. L. MEGILL, Pat. and Mfr.

60 Duane Street NEW YORK

From us or your dealer. Free booklets.

Megill’s Patent
DOUBLE-GRIP GAUGES

VISE GRIP

Send for booklet this and other styles.

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

672

THE INLAND PRINTER

February, igi8

FOR SALE — Special machinery: 22% by 24% Universal embosser and
cutter and creaser, $550 ; 29 by 42, 4-track Hoe drum cutter and
creaser, $1,000 ; 47 by 66 Babcock Optimus cutter and creaser, with rear
bottom delivery, $1,500 ; 12 by 16 plate Hoe rotary for bags, etc., $400 :
20 by 28 Union all-size rotary, with adjustable cut-off, $900 : 15 by 29
two-color rotary, with rewind, $400. Tell us your wants. WANNER
MACHINERY CO., Chicago.

FOR SALE: DEXTER COMBINATION FOLDING - MACHINE —
Will take sheet from 19 by 25 to 36 by 48 : this machine is quickly
adjustable to make 3, 4 or 5 right-angle folds ; this machine has recently
been rebuilt by the Dexter Folder Company and has never been used
since ; it is as good as new in very respect ; a bargain. THE
KEMPER-THOMAS COMPANY, Cincinnati, Ohio.

FOR SALE — Large stock printing and binding machinery, pony and
large two-revolution and drums, paper-cutters, stitchers, circular
folding-machines, Sheridan and Seybold book-trimmers ; 30 and 36 inch
table-shears ; Hickok and White foot and power numbering-machines :
28-inch power punch. Tell us your wants. WANNER MACHINERY
CO., Chicago, Ill.

ENTIRE EQUIPMENT, paper stock and Ruxton inks : one Miehle No.

4, extension delivery ; 3 auto presses, 11 by 17 ; 3 jobbers, 8 by 12 ;
big stock of white writing and coated book papers, mostly 22 by 34 — 40 ;
type at 27 cents per pound : prefer to sell as a whole. AUTO PRINT
CO., 115 S. Seventh st., Louisville, Ky.

FOR SALE — Optimus cylinder press, No. 43, 3 rolls, prints sheets 25 by
38; Gaily Universal press, 13 by 19; New York drying-rack, 20
shelves, 24 by 36 ; A. B. Dick circular letter folding-machine ; Globe-
Wernicke sectional filing cabinet for cards or coi’respondence. THE
I. TRAGER CO., Cincinnati, Ohio.

DO YOU NEED A FOLDER? We have a No. 315 Brown job folder.

sheet range 6 by 7 to 19 by 25, folds 4, 8, 12, 16 and 32 pages ; good as
new ; cost $750, will sell at about half price : splendid machine ; reason
for selling — have bought larger folder. HYDE BROTHERS, Printers,
Marietta, Ohio.

FOR SALE — High-grade, two-revolution presses: 35 by 50 and 39 by 53 ;

4-roller Miehles : 28 by 36, 46 by 62, 46 by 66 ; 4-roller late-style Huber-
Hodgman presses ; nearly new or overhauled and guaranteed. Please
write for proposition. WANNER MACHINERY CO.. Chicago.

FOR SALE — One Babcock Optimus cylinder press. 25 by 38 : practically
as good as new ; will sacrifice for immediate sale ; also wire-stitcher
and power-punch. QUINCY PAPER BOX CO., Quincy, III.

FOR SALE — Hoe two-revolution press, size of bed 44 by 60, four-roller
for printing or cutting and creasing ; will trade in part payment
RICHARD PRESTON, 49A Purchase st.. Boston. Mass.

FOR SALE — No. 5 single-magazine, quick-change linotype, Serial No
12134, with 1 magazine. 1 font of mats, liners, etc. : cash or time
THE ZIEGLER PRINTING COMPANY, Butler, Pa.

FOR SALE — One 38 by 50 Dexter jobber, with latest model Dexter pile
feeder with automatic points and 8-page paster ; price, $2,700 ; terms,
$500 cash, balance easily arranged. F 567.

FOR SALE — One 25 by 25 Hall folder, 3-fold right angle, 2-fold parallel,
with McCain feeder; very fast; price, $1,300; terms, $300 down,
balance easily arranged. F 572.

BOOKBINDERS' MACHINERY — Rebuilt Nos. 3 and 4 Smyth book¬
sewing machines, thoroughly overhauled and in first-class order.
JOSEPH E. SMYTH, 638 Federal st., Chicago.

FOR SALE — Kimball 2 h.-p., single-phase, 220-volt A. C. motor, with
D. T. A. T. controller and transformer ; erected, but never run. W.,
Box No. 620, Trenton, N. J.

LINOTYPE — Model No. 1, Serial No. 8011, with one magazine, liner,
ejector-blades, font of matrices. TRIBUNE PRINTING CO., Charles¬
ton, W. Va.

LINOTYPE — Three Model 1 machines, with complete equipment of
molds, magazines and matrices. NEW HAVEN UNION CO., New
Haven, Conn.

LINOTYPE — Model 5 (rebuilt from Model 3), No. 7286; molds, mat¬
rices, liners and blades. SUNSET PUBLISHING HOUSE, San Fran¬
cisco, Cal.

LINOTYPE — Model 2, Serial No. 706: 1 motor, 1 magazine, 8 fonts of
matrices. ARYAN THEOSOPHICAL PRESS. Point Loma, Cal.

LINOTYPE — Model 1, Serial No. 6605: 1 magazine, 1 mold and 1 font
of matrices. METROPOLITAN PRESS, Seattle, Wash.

FOR SALE — No. 7 Boston wire-stitcher, in splendid condition. RICH¬
ARD PRESTON, 49A Purchase, Boston, Mass.

FOR SALE — One 64-inch Seybold automatic clamp trimmer, one 44-inch
Seybold automatic clamp trimmer. F 576.

FOR SALE — One 14 bv 22 Colt's Armory press in first-class condition.
F 520.

HELP WANTED.

Bindery.

WANTED — Experienced forwarder and finisher: shop doing general
line of loose-leaf and blank-book work ; town of 60,000 ; experienced
ruler wanted also in same shop. Write fully, giving age, experience and
references. F 569.

Composing-Room.

COMPOSITOR who can handle stonework wanted ; new building, old
established business ; ideal working conditions, fine modern equipment.
Steady position for competent workman with good habits ; opportunity
for advancement ; no cigaret smoker need apply ; open shop ; give refer-
ences. THE GRAY PRINTING CO., Fostoria, Ohio. _

WANTED — Working foreman: union: wages $30; no transportation;

only first-class commercial printer looking for a permanent position
need apply. PR1MBS & SONS, Pocatello, Idaho.

SUPERINTENDENT WANTED in medium-sized commercial plant in
New York city, who can keep work moving; must have forceful char¬
acter ; state wages and experience. F 556.

WANTED — Efficient, reliable, sober foreman job and book plant with
newspaper combined ; complete equipment ; good class work ; must
favor operation of cost system. F 584.

WANTED — English-German compositor with thorough knowledge of
make-up and stonework ; qualified to lay out and set distinctive jobs.
F 577.

WANTED — Job-printer; must be good on composition and platen
presses. COMMERCIAL PRINTING CO.. Clearfield. Pa.

Organization and Cost Men.

WANTED — Men who have a general, all-around knowledge of the
printing business, with sales experience, are offered most attractive
employment as district organizers ; also accountants to install the Stand¬
ard Cost-Finding System. UNITED TYPOTHETAC OF AMERICA, 608
S. Dearborn st., Chicago.

Pressroom.

ATTENTION — POSITION IS OPEN FOR A FIRST-CLASS CYL¬
INDER PRESSMAN CAPABLE OF TAKING CHARGE OF A
SMALL PRESSROOM ; WANT HIM TO TAKE SMALL INTEREST
IN A PROFITABLE BUSINESS TO INSURE HIS CO-OPERATION
FOR HIS AND OUR BEST INTERESTS. F 480.

Proofroom.

WANTED — Man of exceptional ability to take charge of proofreading
department ; must be capable of reading proof and O.K.'ing sheets
from press for margins, positions, corrections, etc., in a plant in the
Middle West; running 30 presses, including cylinders and platen presses;
when answering, state age. whether married or single, and if union or
non-union. F 580.

INSTRUCTION.

LINOTYPE INSTRUCTION — 17 Mergenthalers ; evenings; $5 weekly:

day course (special), 9 hours daily, 7 weeks, $80; three months'
course, $150; 10 years of constant improvement; every possible advan¬
tage ; no dummy keyboards, all actual linotype practice ; keyboards
free: call or write. EMPIRE MERGENTHALER LINOTYPE SCHOOL,
133-137 East 16th st., New York city.

MISCELLANEOUS.

BOOST YOUR SUBSCRIPTION LIST with original subscription-getting
campaigns, prepared by a circulation expert, adapted especially to
your publication ; no contests ; subscriptions come on merit and “ stick.”
Write GEORGE W. BUCKNAM, Box 2792, Boston, Mass.

SITUATIONS WANTED.

All-Around Man.

PRINTING QUALITY EXPERT seeks connection with well-equipped,
progressive Chicago printing establishment ; practical printer, suc¬
cessful typographer ; knows presswork ; 18 years' experience ; 5 years in
present position — dealing with customers, satisfying them in typographic
dress, choice of paper stock, color schemes and finished product ; now
supervising quality in all departments ; commendable reason for desiring
change. F 583. _

Bindery.

BOOKBINDER, first-class, all-around man, finisher, stamper, marbler
and forwarder, wants position. F 368. _

Composing-Room.

PRACTICAL PRINTER of original, refined and highly artistic ideas in
initiating unique literature, from selecting stock to the finished prod¬
uct, desires connection with house seeking the services of such a man in
the capacity of foreman of composing-room or assistant superintendent :
20 years' experience, 8 years as an executive, a natural leader of a force of
men ; accustomed to hard work and who makes printing a hobby ; age
34 ; union ; salary $35 to begin. F 575.

PROCESS

WORK Electrotyping

The Journal for all up-to-date Process Workers

All matters of current interest to Process Workers and Electrotypers are dealt with month
by month, and both British and Foreign ideas as to theory and practice are intelligently
and comprehensively dealt with. Special columns devoted to Questions and Answers, for
which awards are given. It is also the official organ of the Penrose Employment Bureau.
PER ANNUM, $0.72, Post-free. Specimen Copy, Post-free, $0.08.

Specimen copies can also be obtained from The Inland Printer Company upon request®

A limited space is available for approved advertisements; for scale of charges apply to the Publishers.

Published by A. W. PENROSE & Co., Ltd., 109 Farringdon Road, LONDON, E.C.

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

;

3 i

One INLAND PRINTER [

3 <IRe Leading Oracle Journal oftRe World ;

d in tRe Printing and Allied Industries

I "• ' - - - : — T ! — . —

p7 !

Vol.60 MARCH, 1918 'v 1 3 jgjg No. 6

V * £ L

THE FASCINATING GAME OF GUESSING
AT APPROXIMATES

Concluded.— By MARTIN HEIR

HE next item on the estimate
sheet is composition — the
very bug that has upset many
a good printer’s mental equi¬
librium and cut mercilessly
deep into his bank account.
Time and again I have heard it stated: “Could
we only discover a sane and sound method of
estimating composing-room output, the prob¬
lem of estimating would become child’s play.”
And it is true. But instead of adopting sane and
sound methods, we rush pell-mell at the first
opportunity to throwT away all that experience
has taught us to be reliable in favor of stand¬
ards that are questionable in the extreme.

Twenty-five or thirty years ago so-called
piece rates determined the cost of composition,
both inside the shop and to the customer. We
paid the compositor at the case 35 cents a thou¬
sand for anything from small pica to agate,
and we charged our customers what we be¬
lieved would make a reasonable profit. Under
such conditions, estimating printing was an easy
task. But then the machines came, with new
methods and increased output, destroying the
established rates and leaving the estimator be¬
tween the devil and the deep sea. When our
cost-finding system came into being, the produc-
6-3

tive hour became the standard by which the
cost of a job of printing was to be computed.
But before this productive hour could become
a marketable commodity it had to represent
something tangible in the line of output. For
it would not do to go to one’s customer and
tell him that in the future we would take care
of his work at such and such a rate per pro¬
ductive hour, plus the cost of raw materials and
a reasonable margin of profit. No, it would
hardly satisfy him. It would not be definite
enough. What he wanted he would state
plainly: “I am not interested in your hour-
costs, gentlemen. The price of this page de¬
livered at the foundry or in the pressroom is
what interests me.” Therefore, it again be¬
came necessary to approach the piece rates of
former years.

By faithful watching and watchful waiting
somebody discovered that the average com¬
positor could produce 700 ems of composition
in an hour; the average operator could pro¬
duce 3,500 ems of machine composition in an
hour, and the average make-up man could make
up two hundred square inches of plain machine
composition. This is an appreciable approach
to the definite, and it is about where we stand
at the present time.

738

THE INLAND PRINTER

March, igi8

Let us see, therefore, where this will lead us.
If it is true that the average output per pro¬
ductive hour in our shops is 700 ems of hand
composition per man, and this same hour costs
us $1.53 per man, it is evident that 1,000 ems
of hand composition will cost

$1.53 X 1000

- - = $2.19.

700

It is likewise evident that if 3,500 ems of
machine composition cost $2, 1,000 ems of this
same composition must cost $2 divided by 3.5,
or 57 cents.

But the mathematician and the practical busi¬
ness man are not satisfied with theories. They
want facts — facts that can be proved by ac¬
cepted rules or methods. And the trouble with
composition is that it must be subdivided into
classes with a definite meaning if its produc¬
tion is to be gaged by a certain standard. For
instance, a line 16 ems long contains 19.2 ten-
point ems, 24 eight-point ems and 32 six-point
ems. Is it possible, then, that the hand
compositor or the machine operator in a given
time can produce as many ems of ten-point as
of six-point? If composition of this kind is
to be produced on a slug-casting machine at
regular speed, the machine will produce 115
ems of ten-point, 144 ems of eight-point or 192
ems of six-point a minute. See the disadvan¬
tage of the man who has to set the ten-point?
As a general proposition, it can be stated that
if two men of equal speed are setting eight and
ten point, the one setting eight-point has a
fifteen per cent advantage over the other fellow.
If the type-sizes are six and eight point, the
advantage will be at least twenty per cent.
Likewise with the handling of machine compo¬
sition by the make-up ; if one man can make up
200 square inches of composition 16 ems wide
in an hour, another of no greater efficiency can
make up 366 square inches of composition 30
ems wide. Two hundred square inches of com¬
position means one page 69 by 105 pica ems,
or five pages 30 by 48 pica ems, or twenty pages
15 by 24 pica ems.

Referring to my article in The Inland
Printer for September, I again wish to state
that it is an easy matter to estimate composi¬

tion correctly if correct methods are used. As
I pointed out in that article, there exists a defi¬
nite relation between the different type-bodies.
An understanding of a knowledge of this rela¬
tion enables us to quickly and accurately deter¬
mine the number of ems of a given type-size
in a given piece of composition as long as we
know the dimensions of this composition in pica
ems. If our cost records, then, show what the
cost of producing 1,000 ems of composition in
that type-size is, a simple operation in multi¬
plication will give the desired result.

In mixed composition, such as catalogue
pages containing two or more type-bodies, it
will, of course, be necessary to develop a cer¬
tain sense of proportion in judging the matter
in hand. In such cases it may be of interest
to know that there are 1.56 ems of eight-point
or 2.78 ems of six-point where there is one em
of ten-point. There are 1.78 six-point ems
where there is one eight-point em.

Suppose we are to estimate a page 34 by 55
pica ems, containing two-thirds ten-point, one-
fourth eight-point and one-twelfth six-point.
What is the number of ems in the page?

The page contains 34 X 55, or 1,870 pica ems.
Two-thirds of 1,870 equals 1,246. Multiplying
this by 1.44 we find that this part of the page
contains 1,792 ten-point ems. The one-fourth
of the page set in eight-point contains 468 X
2.25, or 1,053 ems, and the six-point portion
contains 156 X 4, or 624. Adding these sums,
we find the page to contain 3,471 ems. If it
costs us $2.19 to produce 1,000 ems of compo¬
sition, the value of the page is $7.10.

Suppose we consider a page from a whole¬
sale catalogue, the composition covering a space
of 50 by 70 picas. Our first known factor is
50 X 70, or 3,500 pica ems. Suppose the page
is set in eight and five and one-half point. For
a ready illustration, let us say that the five and
one-half point matter covers a space of 20 by
20, or 400 pica ems. Then

(3,500 — 400) 3,100 X 2.25 = 6,97s
400 X 4-76 = 1.904

Total number of ems . 8,879

Another page in the same catalogue is divided
equally between ten, eight, six and five point.

March , iqi8

THE INLAND PRINTER

739

What is the total number of ems in the page?
The problem is easily worked out thus:

(3,500 4- 4 X 875) 875 x 1.44 = 1,260
875 x 2.25 = 1,969
875 X 4 = 3,500

875 X 5-75 = 5,040

Total number of ems in page . 11,769

At the recent Typothetae convention the
American Type Founders Company distributed
a four-page circular about the Kelly press. I
suppose all printers attending the convention
saw this circular and may even now have it so
handy that they can verify my statements.
The type-pages are 42 by 62 picas. They are
set in double-leaded ten-point, with double rule
border, eighteen-point running-head, one forty-
eight-point heading with two subheads twelve
and twenty-four points, and seven half-tones,
five of which have “run-around” type-matter
and small six-point captions. What is the cost
of composition and make-up?

In all probability a careful layout had been
made before the matter was given to the printer.
Its production into type-forms thus became
solely a matter of mechanical action.

The circular contains 42X62X1.44X4 =
15,000 ten-point ems. Add to this one- third,
or 5,000, for the “run-arounds” and make-up,
which gives a total of 20,000 ems. If we figure
on the basis of 700 ems an hour, this circular
could be produced in type-forms in 28.6 hours
at a cost per hour of $1.53, or $43.76. If we
figure the composition at $2.19 per thousand,
the price would be $43.80.

A shoe catalogue of a Chicago mail-order
house is made up with pages 41 by 60 ems.
The body-matter is six-point machine compo¬
sition. Each page contains three 13-pica col¬
umns, with cuts mortised so that most of the
type-matter is set on the side of the cuts. The
prices are set in twelve-point bold-face on a
double slug. When the copy comes from the
layout man, the instructions to the operator
read something like this: Three lines 13 ems,
four lines 10 ems, two lines 7 ems, three lines
4 ems, rest 2 ems. The operator must, of
course, follow this layout accurately. He also
runs the risk of having some of the lines spoiled

in cutting. What is the correct cost price of
such a page?

You will probably protest that this is no mat¬
ter for the slug-casting machine — that no one
can successfully set measures two and four ems
wide on these machines. But let me hasten to
assure you that it is as fat machine composition
as any one could wish. Let’s see.

The page contains 41 X 60 X 4 = 9,840
ems. Catalogue composition, as a rule, is fig¬
ured at a penalty of price and one-half or
double price. Let us consider this page at price
and one-half, or 9,840 X 1.5, which equals
14,760 ems, which at 57 cents a thousand gives
a value to the page of $8.41 for the machine
composition. An average operator can pro¬
duce the page in three hours at his first trial
and in two hours after he has gained expe¬
rience in this class of work.

The make-up of the page requires from two
to three hours, according to the equipment of
the shop, the most important of which for this
class of work is saws and trimmers for cutting
the slugs. With four, five or six men waiting
for a chance to get near the saw, the make-up
costs are “kited” considerably.

Caution: In estimating machine composition
by the standards of hand composition, guessing
at approximates becomes a costly pastime. The
machines have so many advantages on the one
hand, and so many limitations on the other,
that it often happens that what is fat in hand
composition is extremely lean in machine com¬
position, and vice versa. Any composition con¬
taining characters not regularly run into the
machine, such as fractions, braces, brackets,
etc., should be charged at a penalty. Also bear
in mind that no machine composition is charged
at price and one-half or double price because
it requires exceptional skill to produce it, but
because it requires more time. A case that
recently came to my notice illustrates this
point clearly. In a printing-office where the
cost-finding is brought down to its minutest
detail, the probable labor cost of every job is
estimated before it is sent to the plant. If the
finished product shows a higher labor cost than
estimated, the cost department will want to

740

THE INLAND PRINTER

March, igi8

know the reason why, and somebody is called
upon to explain. In this particular case four
pages of tabular matter, 40 by 58 ems, set in
eight-point and containing from six to four¬
teen columns of figures, with . box-heads set in
six-point, were estimated at four hours for the
linotype work. To produce the pages required
a little over twelve hours. The cost depart¬
ment took up the matter with the superinten¬
dent of the plant, and he in turn with the
estimator and operator. The estimator insisted
that his figures were right. The operator, on
the other hand, claimed that they were wrong
— wTrong enough to be ridiculous; for, said he,
each column contained so many figures of the
same kind that if the matter were set on two
slugs of twenty picas each there would not be
figures enough to fill a line; if it were set on three
slugs it would be necessary to wait for every
other line until the machine had distributed
the matrices. Besides, all lines contained char¬
acters which must be put in by hand. He then

volunteered the information that less than a
year ago he had set four pages of the same kind,
and he was quite sure that the cost records
would prove his assertion to be correct. Upon
further investigation of the records of the plant
this was found to be the case.

Now, then, this is the very point that should
be brought home to every printer with such
force that it will touch the very quick: If you
are trying to run a printing-office without com¬
plete cost records you are in the position of the
mariner that sailed the seas without a compass.
You know not where you are nor where you
are going to land. You are every day playing
the game of guessing at approximates, and you
will find that it will quickly sap your vitality.
All honor to the United Typothetse for having
hammered this fact into the consciousness of the
printers. If it had done nothing else in all its
existence, this one feature would entitle it to be
recognized as the greatest factor in the upbuild¬
ing of the printing industry in this country.

LEISURE is the time for do¬
ing, something, useful ; this
leisure the dilig,ent man
will obtain, but the lazy
man never, for a life of leisure and
a life of laziness are two thing,s.

— BENJAMIN FRANKLIN.

March , igi8

THE INLAND PRINTER

74i

GETTING OUT OF THE RUTS

By WILL H. MAYES

HEN the big war in Europe
started on its second year,
Joe Terrell — we will call
him that simply to prevent
identification — had a small
printing-plant, a wife, three
children, a mortgage, and the blues. It was
the morning of September 1, 1915, when the
little Texas town in which Joe published a
weekly paper and ran a job-printing plant
apparently had forgotten everything except the
European war and its probable effect on this
country, but Joe was thinking and worrying.

Joe Terrell couldn’t forget, for there were
the wife and children in the little room up-stairs
over the printing-office, and before him lay
the notice from the bank that the interest on
the mortgage was due. Business had been
going badly with him for some time. The long
drought had cut down the volume of advertising
and job printing, and had caused the loss of a
number of subscribers who could not be spared
from the rather small subscription list. The
uneasiness caused by the war ; had further
demoralized his business by bringing about
another excuse for retrenchment on the part of
the advertisers. Added to this, despite the
hard times, another printing-office recently had
been opened in the town, and Joe regarded the
place as entirely too small for two shops.

It was the one day in the month that Joe
Terrell had come to dread more than any other
day. For more than a year he had felt that
he had to economize closely by reducing his
mechanical force to one printer and a “devil,”
and to keep up with the work he had gone to
the case regularly with the others and had
remained there through the day, except when
interrupted by business calls. In order to save
still more, he had moved his family from the
pretty little suburban cottage to the cheap
little rooms over the office. This allowed him
to go down-stairs after supper every night and
prepare the copy for the next day’s composition,

and do the odd jobs that the force had been
unable to finish during the day. He also took
this time to make up his accounts from the
newspaper files and from the little yellow-leaf

It was the one day in the month that Joe Terrell
had come to dread.

day-book on which the job accounts were
entered when the orders were received.

He had stayed in the shop so long, away from
his townspeople, that he no longer felt he was
one of them, and at times he really dreaded to
meet them. It is strange how naturally one
becomes a hermit when he excludes himself
from the company of others. But he had to
go out on the first of each month and face the
business men of the town, for he had to get
the money with which to meet certain bills,
the payment of which could not be put off.

Those bills seemed heavier than ever that
day; some of them had already been extended,
and Joe had made definite promises to pay
them. Could he meet those promises? That
question was worrying him.

742

THE INLAND PRINTER

March, igi8

It was true that he had some nice accounts
against the merchants who advertised with
him, but in some cases he owed the merchants,
he feared, more than enough to offset his
account, although he had kept no record of

for your subscriptions ? ”

his purchases from them and did not really
know. Some of these accounts had not been
presented for two or three months because he
feared the balance would be against him. With
other merchants he had agreed to “trade out”
their bills for both advertising and job printing
in order to hold their business. Then, the
printer, with whom he was behind on the pay¬
ment of salary, owed some accounts that had
to be settled. No wonder that Joe Terrell
felt blue when he thought of these things, and
that winter was near and the family had to be
fed and clothed and the children sent to school.

He was deploring and resenting his con¬
dition, and was charging his bad plight to the
poor trade that he had picked up as a boy, and
from which he had made a fairly good living
until a competitor had come to town to divide
business with him and to make the drought and
the war harder to face, when a neatly dressed
young woman, whom he recognized as the
daughter of a well-to-do country subscriber,
entered the office.

“I am Anne Parker and I have come in to
pay my father’s subscription to the paper,”
she announced in a businesslike way.

Terrell was glad to lay down his batch of
accounts and look for the subscription account

in an old book lying open on the desk. He
soon found the entry, but to his surprise found
nothing credited on it for several years past,
although he knew the subscriber to be prompt
in his payments. Then he fumbled through
some slips on a dust-covered file on the desk,
and, after a search of several minutes, he con¬
fusedly stated that he could not find the
account just then, and that if she would call
later in the day or when in town again he would
have it ready.

“Why, Mr. Terrell,” she exclaimed in
surprise, “don’t you keep a card-index system
for your subscriptions? I studied journalism
at the university, and we were taught the
importance of the card system for keeping all
newspaper accounts, and I thought all offices
used some such system.”

Terrell was forced to admit that, while he
had read something about such systems, he
had never given the matter much attention
and did not regard it as worth the expense of
putting it in and the time required to keep
it up from day to day.

That wasn’t the worst setback she gave him.
She soon told him that since she had been a
student of journalism, knew something about
such things and expected to take up the work
in some country office, her father had asked
her to get an estimate on some stationery and
some cards, the designs for which she had
roughly made out. After much figuring, Terrell
finally said he “guessed the bill would be in
the neighborhood of $5.50.”

“Why, Mr. Terrell, don’t you know what it
will cost?” she asked in greater surprise. “We
use the cost system at the School of Journalism,
find exactly what everything — stock, ink,
composition, presswork, and overhead expenses
— will be, add a profit and that is the price.
Don’t you know what the hour-cost for pro¬
ductive time is for yourself, for each of your
printers, and for your presses?”

Terrell had to admit that he had never
exactly figured it out, and to himself silently
admitted that he didn’t even know just what
she meant by “productive” time. The truth
was that system — card, cost, or any other

March , 1918

THE INLAND PRINTER

743

kind — was something about which he had
never bothered. So long as he had a little
money ahead after meeting his debts he was
doing a good business, he thought, and when
he got behind, business was poor; so why worry
about anything else?

That night at supper, Joe Terrell was so
thoroughly discouraged and disheartened that
he could not keep up the good humor habitual
with him when with his family. Of course, his
mood affected the others and caused his wife
to ask what troubled him. He said that poor
business and poor collections had ruined him
and about sent them all to the poor-farm;
that he saw nothing else to do but to close the
office, as it could not be sold, let the mortgage
be foreclosed, and hunt a job as a printer some¬
where else. While plainly worried, the good
wife consoled him as best she could and begged
him to try another month in the hope that
business might improve.

He kept thinking about the Parker girl with
her enthusiastic self-confidence. He wished
that he had some of the same spirit and won¬
dered to what to attribute it. Before she
returned the next day to place the order for
the printing and get the amount of the sub¬
scription account, he had rightly decided that
she was confident because she had been taught
to 11 know ” just what she was doing and was
capable of putting her knowledge into actual
practice.

He wasn’t much surprised when she proposed
that he should employ her to put his accounts
in shape, make his estimates, and do his office
work in the way she had been taught to do.
He at first protested that the expense would
be excessive and the business would not justify
it; but she met that argument by saying that
as she could live at home, coming and going
each day, he need not pay her a salary until
she had shown him that she was worth the
money she would receive from him.

Nothing but the fact that he was “at the
end of his row” could have persuaded this
printer of the old type to admit that a mere
slip of a girl fresh from a school of journalism
could possibly straighten out his business for

him, after he had failed to do it; but, after
talking it over that night with his wife, Joe
decided to let Anne Parker take charge of his
business office to see what she could do with it.

Just what followed will be told as Joe Terrell
told it a year later at the first press meeting
he ever attended :

“Well, sirs, that young woman with her
newfangled ideas certainly made a quick change
in my office. Two years ago I wouldn’t have
thought for a minute of putting any young
woman in charge of my business. But with
the change in the times, and with the high
price of everything, and competition coming to
town, I had about gotten where I couldn’t see
a week ahead and was desperate enough to try
almost anything rather than give up my
business or let my wife and children suffer,
when along came this girl graduate from a
school of journalism.

“You should have seen the way she took
hold of things. The first day she spent cleaning
up the accumulation of dust and trash that
had been gathering in the front office for years,
and with the assistance of the ‘devil’ she had it

looking like another place by night. Of course
I was pleased with that, but, when she said
she would have to spend about thirty dollars
for index cases and blanks for the subscription
accounts and a cost system, I nearly fainted,
and told her I had hired her to save money for
me and not to spend it.

744

THE INLAND PRINTER

March, 1918

“She was spunky, though, and insisted that
the only way to save money was to spend
some for that newfangled system of keeping
books, and there was nothing for me to do but
to go in debt still deeper for it.

“By the time the outfit arrived she had
worked over my old subscription-book and job-
book until she had them about as well straight¬
ened out as they could be, and had prepared a
form letter to be sent out with accounts to all
our subscribers, asking each one to come in

about those who had been in to pay up, and
they were written up in such a way that ours
looked like the most prosperous county in
Texas, with a monopoly on all the fine people,
and there wasn’t a line of exaggeration in them
either. Taffy? Of course, much of it was,
but it pleased the people and they showed it
to their neighbors, and the neighbors soon
began coming in to take the paper to see what
nice things would be said about them and what
they were doing.

and square up and get acquainted, adding that
if the account was not correct it would be
corrected. I knew that I wouldn’t get back
my postage, but I was in for it anyway, so I
let it go. But there was something about that
letter that seemed to catch them, and the
subscribers came piling into the office, many of
them raising a howl about their accounts being
wrong. She handled them all herself, and
straightened out every complaint.

“While talking with them she managed to
get something of the family history of every
one who came in, and she jotted this down on
a card as soon as they left, and filed the card
away for future use. That card told just where
the subscriber lived, how much land he farmed,
the names and ages of his children, his hobby,
and all the interesting little things she picked
up about him that might be worked into future
newspaper stories from time to time. Those
‘information’ cards, as she called them, have
already come into good use a number of times.

“ Every morning she would come to the
office with a bunch of personal paragraphs

“Pretty soon all the subscription accounts
were transferred to the cards, and a cost
system had been worked out by which one
could see at a glance just how much every hour
of time for every hand and machine in the
office cost, and even the ‘devil ’ could tell, if he
cared to, whether money was made or lost on
a job of printing. I soon saw where many of
my losses had been coming from and began to
make prices accordingly, always figuring on a
reasonable profit.

“It went hard sometimes to see my com¬
petitor get a job that I wanted, but that new
assistant insisted that it was better not to
work at all than to work without any profit,
which sounded to me like good sense, so I let
her have her way. She was soon figuring most
of the jobs and, more than that, was taking
the merchants into her confidence and showing
them just what the work cost and how much
profit was figured on it, and arguing them into
being willing for me to make a reasonable
profit just as they did on their goods. I was
surprised that most of them, even the hardest-

March , 1918

THE INLAND PRINTER

745

fisted, stood for the higher prices, but when
they saw the reasonableness of the proposition
they nearly all turned in their work without
asking for other bids.

“In the same way she figured out the cost of
getting out the paper, and then showed me that
in many cases I was getting too little for
advertising space — that I was losing money
on all foreign advertising. Nothing would do
but that I should get out among the merchants
and show them how I had been losing money
on their business and solicit advertising at a
higher rate. I had been in the office so long
that I hated to do it, but since enough money
was coming in on subscriptions and job-printing
to justify the hiring of a printer to take my
place at the case, I finally decided to try it.

“Well, I haven’t been at the case since, and
never expect to be again. I had a time of it
raising those rates, but I soon became interested
as a matter of business pride and stayed with
the merchants until I kept every advertise¬
ment that I had secured at the former rate
and also added several new customers. I found
that the people like to have the publisher

himself go to see them and talk over business
with them. My office assistant handled the
foreign advertisers, and while we lost some of
them, we are getting more money out of the
foreign advertising now than we did at the
old prices.

“I also find that by spending most of my
time among the people I get many news stories
that once escaped my attention, and the paper
is so much improved that I wonder that it was
patronized at all as I used to run it.

“My assistant insisted that I should attend
this press meeting, which is the first I have
ever found time to attend in the fifteen years
I have been in business. She said that she
would do her best to improve the paper while
I am away this week, and — well, I have
enough confidence in her and these up-to-date
ideas to believe that the people will never miss
me, unless they notice that the paper is better
than usual.

“I have decided that when a fellow gets into
a rut so deep that he can’t see over the top, it
is time to crawl out. I am out and never
intend to get back. That is why I am here.”

IET us have faith that right makes
might, and in that faith let us,
to the end, dare to do our duty as
we understand it. — Abraham Lincoln.

□

746

THE INLAND PRINTER

March , 1918

COSTS OF BINDERY OPERATIONS -NUMBERING

No. 3.— By R. T. PORTE

HE “good old way” of figur¬
ing what it was worth to
number a job of printing was
to use some sort of a figure
that one had in his head and
thought should be the price
of a thousand numbers, then multiply that
amount by the number of thousand numbers
in the job. Very frequently, when duplicate
or triplicate numbering was to be done, a
mistake was made and but one-half or one-third
the amount was estimated.

The binder who is doing work for the trade
must have something to go by in order to
convince the printer that his charges are right.

In no bindery operation is the cost-list more
valuable than on numbering, as there is no
possibility of making an error when the scales
are used, and the binder will receive the right
pay for his work, while the printer will know
the price is correct when making an estimate.

Hand Numbering.

The most commonly used method of number¬
ing is the hand numbering-machine, which will

Perhaps I had better explain what I mean
by numbering. No doubt most of my readers
have an idea as to what is meant, but these
articles will be read by many beginners in the
printing business, and while it seems unneces¬
sary to explain in detail the various operations
of bindery work, yet I feel that it is as necessary
as the actual figures of cost, in order that even
the one reader who is not posted on the opera¬
tions will understand or get some idea of what
the prices cover.

Numbering is the process of stamping or
printing successive numbers on sheets of paper
in order that a record of the sheets may be kept.
Duplicate and triplicate numbers are often
used when copies of the sheets are to be retained,
and also for numbering stubs and originals, as
on bank checks with stubs. There are three
methods in use for doing this work — hand-
operated machines, foot and power machines
(most commonly called paging-machines), and
numbering-machines for use on presses, which
can be run with the type-form or separately
as occasions require.

The estimator must have something at hand
that will give him, easily and quickly, the costs
of doing numbering by all these methods.
Rule of thumb will not do, as different con¬
ditions and costs apply in each, and there is
also a difference in the methods of work.

Note. — This is the third of a series of twelve articles, with tables, on the cost
of bindery work. Copyright, 1918, by R. T. Porte.

number consecutively, in duplicate, or repeat
the same number. The machine is very light

Numbers on a single sheet.

Sheets.

100

$ .20

$ .25

% .30

$ 30

$ .30

$ .40

$ 50

$ 60

200

.25

.30

.35

.40

.45

.50

.65

.80

.95

300

.30

.35

.45

.55

.66

.70

.90

1.10

1.30

400

.36

.40

.55

.70

.85

.90

1.15

1.40

1.60

500

.35

.45

.65

.85

1 00

1.10

1.40

1.65

1.90

600

.55

.75

1.00

1.15

1 30

1.60

1.90

2 20

700

.40

.65

.85

1.10

1.30

1 50

1.80

2.15

2 50

800

.45

.70

.95

1 20

1.45

1.65

2.00

2.40

2 80

900

.45

.75

1 05

1.30

1 55

1.80

2.20

2.65

3.10

.50

.80

1 10

1 40

1.65

1.90

2.40

2.90

3.40

.90

1.55

2.15

2,76

3.25

3.75

4.70

5.55

6.70

1 30

2.30

3.10

4.00

4.75

5.50

7.00

8.25

10.00

1.70

3.05

4.05

5.25

6.25

7.25

9.25

11.00

13 25

2.10

3.80

5.00

6.50

7.75

9.00

11.50

13.75

16.50

2.50

4.55

6.00

7.75

9.25

10.75

13.75

16.50

19.75

2.90

5 30

7.00

9.00

10,75

12.50

16.00

19.25

23.00

3.30

6.05

8.00

10.25

12.25

14.25

18.25

22.00

26 . 25

3.70

6.80

9.00

11.50

13.75

10.00

20.50

24,75

29.50

10m

4.10

7.50

10.00

12.75

15.25

17.75

22.75

27.50

32.75

llm

4.60

8.25

11.00

14.00

16.75

19.50

25.00

30.25

36.00

12m

4.90

9.00

12.00

15.25

18.25

21.25

27.25

33.00

39.25

13m

6 30

9.75

13.00

16.50

19.75

23.00

29.50

35.75

42.50

15m

6.00

11 00

14.50

18.50

22.50

26.25

34 00

41.00

48.00

Table No. 9. — Cost of Numbering with Hand Machine.

and can be used by any girl or boy in the shop.
Ink is put on a pad and must be renewed
frequently, and the numbers are stamped on
the sheet in the same manner as when using an
ordinary rubber stamp. By being careful, very
good work can be done.

The scale for hand numbering (Table No. 9)
does not take into account the number of
thousands of numbers, but the number of sheets
and the numbers to the sheet. One thousand
sheets with two numbers to the sheet cost
80 cents, while two thousand sheets with one
number to the sheet cost 90 cents. There
are two thousand numbers in each case, but
with one job there are only one thousand sheets

March , 1918

THE INLAND PRINTER

747

of paper to handle and jog, while on the other
there are two thousand sheets to handle and
jog. There is no question as to which costs
the most. The more numbers there are to
each sheet the lower the cost per thousand
numbers will be, and that is the reason no
price is given by the thousand numbers.

When duplicate sheets of paper are used —
for instance, five thousand originals and five
thousand duplicates, each with two numbers to
the sheet — they should be figured as two
separate jobs, and not as ten thousand sheets
with two numbers to the sheet.

A minimum cost of 20 cents is figured for
any job of numbering. This has been ascer¬
tained by keeping records of a large number
of jobs, and in many cases this amount has
been exceeded. On the average, 20 cents is
the lowest cost that can be obtained on any
one job. This has led to some apparent
discrepancies in the smaller quantities of sheets
given in the scale, and although many changes
have been figured it was necessary to go back
to the original scale each time as it proved more
correct than any changes that could be made.

The careful use of Table No. 9 will save
many errors in figuring numbering with hand
machines, and with fairly competent help there
is no reason why costs should not equal those
given. If costs are lower, then the operator
is exceptionally good, or the numbering has been
hurriedly and poorly done. Good work, done
by careful help, can not be produced for less
than the cost figures given in the scales. No
scale in this series has been tried out more
thoroughly than this one, and it has always
proved to be correct.

Like all the scales that will be presented in
this series, this one was carefully checked and
compared with many records of cost and price
lists gotten out in various parts of the country,
and is believed to be a fair average of cost.

Numbering on Paging-Machine.

The work covered by this classification in
Table No. 10 is the usual paging of blank-books,
and any other numbering that is done on foot
or power paging-machines. These machines do
a better class of work than the hand numbering-

machines, but are more expensive to operate.
They are self-inking, have the same range of
work as to duplication and repeating, and are
sometimes provided with “skip” wheels for
use when called for on special classes of work.

Numbers on a single sheet.

Sheets.

100

8 .25

8 .30

$ .35

8 .40

$ .45

$ .55

S .65

$ .75

200

.30

.40

.50

.60

.70

.SO

1.00

1.20

1.40

300

.35

.50

.70

.85

1.00

1.15

1.45

1.75

2.05

400

.40

.60

.90

1.10

1.30

1.50

1.90

2.30

2.70

500

.45

.70

1.05

1.35

1.60

1.85

2.35

2.85

3.35

600

.50

.80

1.20

1.55

1.90

2.20

2.80

3.40

4.00

700

.55

.00

1 35

1.75

2.20

2.55

3.25

3.95

4.65

800

.60

1.00

1 50

1 95

2.50

2.85

3.70

4.50

5.30

900

.65

1 10

1 65

2.15

2.75

3.15

4.10

5.00

5.90

1.25

1.80

2.35

2.90

3.45

4.50

5.50

6.50

1.30

2.35

3.40

4.45

5.50

6.55

8.60

10.00

12.60

1.90

3.45

5.00

6.55

8.10

9.65

12.65

15 65

18.65

2.50

4.55

6.60

8.65

10.70

12.70

16.70

20.70

24.70

3.10

5.65

8.20

10.75

13.25

15.75

20.75

25.75

30,75

3.70

6.75

9.80

12.80

15.80

18.80

24.80

30.80

36.80

4.30

7.85

11 35

14.85

18.35

21.85

28.85

35.85

42.85

4.90

8.95

12 90

16.90

20.90

24.90

32.90

40.90

48.90

5.45

9. 95

14.45

18.95

23.45

27.95

36.95

45.95

54.95

10m

6.00

11.00

18.00

21.00

23.00

31.00

41.00

51.00

61.00

llm

6.50

11.80

17.20

22.80

28.00

33.40

43.20

55.00

65.80

12m

7.00

12.60

18.40

24.60

30.00

35.80

46.40

59.00

70 50

13m

7.50

13.40

20.60

26.40

32.00

3S.20

49.60

63.00

75.40

15ra

8.50

15.00

22.00

29.00

36.00

43.00

57.00

71 00

85.00

Table No. 10. — Cost of Numbering with Paging-
Machine. For larger quantities than given in
the table, multiply the above prices
and deduct 50 cents.

For paging blank-books, or numbering lines
on pages, and the more intricate numbering,
these machines must be used if good work is
wanted. A hand machine might be used, but
not successfully.

The scales for work on the paging-machines
are arranged in the same manner as for hand
machines,’ but at a higher rate. Work of the
character that is generally done by a hand
machine, but which is put on a paging-machine,
must be figured according to the cost tables
given, and if it is sold in competition with hand
numbering a smaller profit should be taken,
unless the customer is willing to pay for the
better class of work.

These scales, also, have been checked care¬
fully and compared with reliable records, and
are believed to be a fair average of cost.

Numbering on Job-Press.

There is no question but that numbering
on a job-press can not be classed as bindery
work exclusively. With the many excellent
numbering-machines on the market, and with
“skip” wheels and other improvements, more
and more of this work is being done on job-
presses. It seemed right to me, however, to

748

THE INLAND PRINTER

March , 1918

have scales for this class of work added to the
numbering scales as a purely bindery operation,
and they are necessary for the estimator who
has to compare various methods and costs in
doing work. For that reason, I give the cost
scales for numbering on job-presses.

Numbers on a aingle sheet.

Sheets.

250

$ 50

$ .50

$ .75

$1 00

$1.25

$1 50

500

.75

1.00

1 00

1.25

1 25

1.50

1.76

1 00

1.00

1 25

1.25

1 50

1.75

2.00

1 75

1 80

2.05

2.10

2.35

2.40

2.70

2.80

3.10

2 50

2 GO

2.85

2.95

3.20

3.30

3 65

3.85

4.20

3.25

3.40

3.65

3.80

4.05

4.20

4.60

4.90

5.30

4 00

4.20

4 45

4.65

4.90

5.10

5.55

5.95

6.40

4.75

5 00

5.25

5 50

5.75

6.00

6 50

7,00

7.50

5.50

5.80

6.05

6.35

6.60

6.90

7.45

8.05

8.60

6.25

6.60

6.85

7.20

7.45

7.80

8,40

9.10

9.70

7.00

7.40

7.65

8.05

8.30

8.70

9.35

10 05

10.80

10m

7 75

8.20

8.45

8.90

9.15

9.60

10 30

11.00

11.90

11m

8.50

9.00

9.25

9.70

10.00

10 50

11.25

12.05

13.00

12m

9.25

9.80

10 05

10.50

10.85

11.40

12.20

13.10

14 00

13m

10 00

10.60

10 85

11.30

11.70

12.30

13.15

14.15

15.00

14m

10 75

11.40

11.65

12.10

12.55

13.20

14.10

15.20

16.00

15m

11.50

12.20

12.45

12 90

13 40

14.10

15.05

16.25

17.00

16m

12 25

13.00

13.25

13.70

14.25

15.00

16,00

17.30

18.00

17m

13.00

13.75

14.05

14.50

15.10

15.90

16.95

18.35

19.00

18m

13.75

14.50

14.85

15 30

15.95

16,80

17 90

19.40

20.00

20m

15 00

16.00

16 45

16.90

17.60

IS. 00

20 80

21.50

22.00

25m

18.75

20.00

20.20

21.25

21.85

23.00

25.55

26.75

30.00

50m

35 00

37.50

40.00

41.50

42.50

45 00

47.50

50.00

55.00

Table No. ii. — Cost of Numbering on Job-Press —
Separate Form.

Table No. 11 follows the same lines and
ideas as the previous scales, but takes in larger
quantities. The number of sheets are given,
with the number of numbering-heads used in
the form. The scales include the cost of lock¬
up, make-ready and everything necessary in
the production of a job where the numbering
is a separate item and is run on a job-press
instead of by hand or with a paging-machine.

These scales have been thoroughly tried
out and all of the reports received are very
nearly alike. A few reported that the scales
were high, some reported that they were low,
but a greater number reported that their
records showed that with efficient management
the cost will be as shown in the scales.

Many jobs of numbering can be done cheaper
on a job-press than with a hand numbering-
machine or with a paging-machine, but there
are many jobs that can not be handled on the
job-press, no matter what the cost may be.
Therefore, before figuring on doing the work
on a job-press, the job should be gone over
carefully to make sure that it is practical.

If but very little numbering is done in a shop
it is wise to use a hand numbering-machine

only. On the other hand, long runs can be
handled to better advantage on the job-press,
and in many respects the work is far superior.

There must be a considerable investment in
numbering-machines in order to handle the
work on a job-press, but the same machines
may be used on a cylinder press as well.

Use the scales in exactly the same manner as
those for hand numbering and the cost can
readily be obtained.

These scales, like the others, have been
checked and compared with cost records and
price-lists, and are believed to be a fair average
of cost.

Numbering on Cylinder Presses.

Very little of this work is done in the average
office, but occasionally it becomes necessary to
figure on running a job of numbering on the
cylinder press; so no list would be complete
without including scales covering the cost of
numbering in this manner. Table No. 12
covers this class of work, and is used in the
same manner as the other scales. The costs

Numbers on a single sheet.

Sheets.

250

$1.50

$1 55

$1.75

$1.95

$2 15

$2.40

82.75

500

1.50

1 65

1.80

1 95

2.10

2,30

2 55

2.80

3 15

2 00

2.20

2.40

2.60

2.80

3.00

3.40

3.60

4.00

2 m

3.00

3.30

3.60

3.90

4.20

4.45

4.95

5.20

5.70

4.00

4.40

4. SO

5.20

5.60

5.90

6.50

6. SO

7.40

5.00

5.50

6.00

6 50

7,00

7.35

8.05

8 40

9.10

6.00

6.60

7.20

7.80

8.40

8.80

9.60

10.00

10.80

7.00

7.70

8.40

8.10

9.80

10 25

11.15

11.60

12 50

8.00

8.80

9.60

10.40

11.20

11.70

12.70

13 20

14.20

9.00

9 90

10.80

11.70

12.60

13.15

14.25

14.80

15.90

10.00

11.00

12.00

13.00

14.00

14.60

15.80

16.40

17.60

10m

11.00

12.10

13.20

14 30

15.40

16.05

17.35

18.00

19.30

11m

12.00

13 20

14.40

15.60

16.80

17.50

18.90

19.50

21 00

12m

13.00

14.30

15.60

16.90

18.20

18.95

20.45

21.20

22.70

13m

14.00

15.40

16.80

18.20

19.60

20.40

22.00

22.80

24 40

14m

15.00

16.50

18,00

19.50

21.00

21.85

23.55

24.40

20.10

15m

16.00

17.60

19.20

20.80

22.40

23 30

25.10

26.00

27.80

16m

17.00

18.70

20.40

22.10

23.80

24.75

26 65

27.60

29.50

17m

18.00

19.80

21.60

23.40

25.20

26.20

28.20

29.20

31 20

18m

19.00

20 90

22.80

24.70

26.60

27.65

29.75

30. SO

32.90

20m

20.50

23.00

25.10

27.20

29.35

30.50

32.75

33.90

36 20

25m

25.25

28.00

31.00

33 20

36.00

37.00

40.00

41.75

44 25

50m

50.00

55.00

60.00

65.00

70.00

72.50

77.50

80.00

85 00

Table No. 12. — Cost of Numbering on Cylinder
Press — Separate Form — Based on pony for
four heads, and cylinder for five or more.

include lock-up of the numbering-heads, -with¬
out any type-forms, and the make-ready and
running. If any type or extra work is necessary
for either the cylinder or the job press when
numbering- machines are used in the same form,
the estimator must add sufficient to cover that
work. The scales given are the very lowest
costs on the work; anything other than a form

March, igi8

THE INLAND PRINTER

749

of numbering-heads will cost much more than
the scale prices and should be added to the
scales given here.

These scales have not had as much checking
as the others that have been given, but they
have had enough to prove that they are very
nearly right and can be used with every degree
of confidence that they are as nearly right as
anything that has been figured before this
time. If anything, they lean a little bit to a
low cost, and if the work is of a very particular
nature the costs may run somewhat higher.
In very rare instances will the costs be lower.

Many specialty houses run very large forms
of numbering-machines on cylinder presses, but
no attempt has been made to cover this work
in these scales. The table covers the general
run of work that almost any commercial shop
is called upon to do.

There is no doubt but that this table belongs
to the costs of cylinder presswork, but the
answer to this same argument as it appears in
the job-press scales also applies here. Each
year there is more numbering done on both
styles of presses, and while numbering may be
considered a bindery operation the pressroom
is invading the bindery and doing some of its
work. On these grounds, the scales given are
not so much out of place after all. In the
majority of plants the lines drawn between the
departments are not too fine, therefore we can
say that the presses become a part of the
bindery when they do numbering, and to
properly figure on this work we must take the
presses into consideration.

These scales, also, have been checked care¬
fully and compared with reliable records, and
are believed to be a fair average of cost.

SOME THOUGHTS ON SELLING PRINTING

By SPENCER A. PEASE

ITH the action of Congress in
abolishing the use of intoxi¬
cating liquors, the printing
fraternity will be bettered to
an extent that one not inti¬
mately connected with it for
at least twenty years can scarcely realize. Rank¬
ing, as it does, among the first industries of this
great country, with a credit far from the highest
as behooves a vocation of its size and impor¬
tance, printing has grown up and, sad to say, has
strayed from the straight and narrow path.

During the next ten years, brought about by
the decision of our national Government, and
by the growing tendency of the big buyers of
printing to be intimately connected with the
institutions producing their work, there will un¬
doubtedly grow up a stronger and more intimate
feeling between the printer and his customer
than has ever existed before.

The salesman of the future, especially in the
printing business, will cultivate the acquain¬
tance of the men with whom he deals. He will

be a student of his product to an extent that it
will mean more to him than so many reams of
paper and so many days of presswork. He will
be a student of human nature, of advertising, of
printing and of salesmanship, each one of these
so closely related and overlapping that he will
study them individually and collectively, and
gradually.

The salesmanship day of the vendor of pat¬
ent medicines is on the wane — in fact, it is
almost extinct. Just so the day is passing when
the man who has undertaken to spend the
money of his employer wisely will lend ear to
the friendly salesman who suggests a dinner
party, a theater trip, or the many little diver¬
sions that have nothing to do with business on
the side of the buyer, and not much on that of
the salesman.

We have tried that age and found something
wanting. In that method we have found ineffi¬
ciency, the bane of the successful sales manager
or shop superintendent. We have found that a
man, once sold in that manner, must be sold

75°

THE INLAND PRINTER

March , 1918

each time a proposition is up. We have found,
with not many years of study, that the profit¬
able customer is the man who is sold once, and
the reorders pay the profit. Where the work of
selling must be repeated each time, that addi¬
tional cost is the profit.

Under the new regime, the buyer of printing
will be a man with knowledge of the product.
He will know the best methods to pursue to
produce the results he desires. He will learn
that through study, and the friendship of men
in the printing business who are proficient in
their art. In that study a friendship will be
formed that will later lead to profitable business.
That business will be lasting.

Some eighteen years ago, when printers were
just as numerous and Gordons came on easy
terms, a printer saw a sign on a wholesale house,
bearing a name now well known in certain
wholesale trade. He and his brother had a
Gordon press and a frame of type, partly paid
for. It was his day on the street and his broth¬
er’s day in. He saw a chance for some business
and he went in, asked for the manager, and
asked permission to bid on some work. He
was a salesman, a vastly different salesman from

the men you meet today. When he got his first
job, delivered it, and billed it, he took that in¬
voice in his pocket and marched back to his
customer and delivered the longest and best
speech of his life. It ran something like this:
“Now I’ve done some work for you. I don’t
want just one job. I want all the business you
have. I can’t make any money on one job,
neither can you. You want a customer. In
order to get a customer you must persuade him
your goods are right, and you are right. Then
he can order, and be sure you will deliver what
he should have, at the right price. That is my
position. I will do anything to prove to you
that I am honest, capable of doing the work you
need, and my service and prices give me a fair
profit, and give you satisfaction. Then I want
your business.”

Just how good a sales speech that may have
been is judged by the fact that that customer’s
name has been on his books ever since he started.
He has done business with two generations of
the owners of the business, and a succession of
men who have bought printing for that business.

He had something to sell, he sold it, and it
stayed sold because his product was right.

WHAT gunpowder did for war, the
printing-press has done for the
mind; the statesman is no longer clad in
the steel of special education, but every
reading man is his judge.

—WENDELL PHILLIPS.

March , 1918

THE INLAND PRINTER

75i

FROM COPYHOLDER TO PROOFREADER

No. 6— By H. B. COOPER

T was my pleasure to spend
the Christmas holidays in
Chicago, where I met the edi¬
tor of The Inland Printer
and others interested in this
series of articles which I am
writing. “Do you think I am giving away too
many proofroom secrets? ’’was the question I
asked of them. The answers I received were
various and sundry, but not one of them held
me back. Said the editor: “We do not believe
there should be any proofroom secrets. We are
here to help people, and to help them in every
possible way.”

Said my brother, a real-estate lawyer from
Boston: “Proofreaders will never become a
drug on the market, I take it. Tell all you
know to copyholders, and reiterate it, as I put
all my business knowledge at the disposal of
the office help continually, and little good will
it do unless it leads someone to think. There’s
nothing that I keep back from the others in
the office, but they just flub along. I suppose
it’s with you as with us: We’ve got five
hundred or a thousand tricks of the trade, and
we’re always in need of some of them or some
combination or combinations of them. Skill
isn’t in memorizing anything, it’s simply in
having the intelligence to use the proper thing
at the proper time. But you can’t make me
believe that anybody who wasn’t born to a
particular line could ever get those combina¬
tions. Your Inland Printer articles would
possibly help to make a person theoretically
perfect, but they wouldn’t be worth a tinker’s
dam unless that person had a peculiar gift —
in which case he’d pick up what he wanted to
know somewhere, just as you did yourself,
whether arranged in book form or not. I
suppose that copyholders, as a rule, won’t
think.”

Said a university professor, who was present :
“They’re no different from almost everybody
else. Nobody who sticks at less than fifteen

dollars a week really thinks. That is why the
great mass of people are working for fifteen a
week or less. All ordinary stenographers belong
to that class — also clerks.”

“To be a good proofreader,” I remarked,
“one must be competent to direct the services
of twenty-odd-dollar-a-week men, and it would
not do to be worth less than that oneself, else
they might refuse to make the corrections
marked for them in the proofroom. That has
been known to happen many a time. But,
after all, money is no fair measure of any man’s
thoughts. I count it as one of the greatest
honors of my business life that for years I had
a compositor ‘making my marks’ at the stone
who is now a senior captain in the United States
Army. Evidently he thought to some purpose,
out there at the stone! When the war broke
out and the National Guard was federalized,
he, as captain of the National Guard in his
home town — one of the best rifle shots in the
State, by the way — found his status changed
from that of compositor to captain of infantry
in the United States Army attached to the
Headquarters Division at Camp McClellan.
There he is helping to prepare the old National
Guardsmen, now Federal troops, for the Great
Adventure. One day a notice was posted on
our office bulletin-board to the effect that a
major having dropped out of the ranks above
him, he had been granted the promotion and

was now Major - , of the United

States Army. This report has never been
confirmed; but whether our ex-stoneman is a
major already or only a major-to-be in the due
course of events, he certainly is in line for
promotion, and I smile to think that all the time
he was ‘ making my marks ’ at the stone he was
making his own mark too. Do you appreciate
the honor of having a United States major
‘make my marks’ for years, without protest?”

“That’s good,” my brother acknowledged.

“It illustrates the fact,” said my literary
friend, “that the applied use of brains counts

752

THE INLAND PRINTER

March, igi8

anywhere, everywhere, and certainly in the
proofroom. In your articles you seem to
relegate many of your proofroom duties to the
subconscious mind, to be attended to almost
automatically. If you were an automaton
yourself, or if you could reduce proofreading to
an automatic process of detecting errors, you
would soon find yourself out of a job. But in
order to have a subconscious mind there must
be in existence a superconscious mind, mastering
it. And without the intelligence, inherited or
acquired, by which one can discern the dividing
line between the subconscious and the conscious,
your instructions to copyholders will prove
valueless. They will not be able to follow
your thinking. They must learn to think for
themselves — to do the right thing at the right
time. The right thing done at the wrong time
is wrong thinking. If I were you, I should dis¬
courage any one who has not had a little|more
than an ordinary education from tackling a
subject that is so difficult. However, educa¬
tion, in or out of school, is simply a matter of
reading, studying, thinking. There’s nothing
to deter the man who thinks — or the woman
either.”

“Before I give away any more proofroom
secrets I shall prod my copyholders with the
things you have all been saying this afternoon.
I was going to outline the subject of word
divisions in my next article, but this strikes me
as more important.”

“Aha! It’ll take up two or three pages to
tell what folks say, and the technical things —
the proofroom secrets — can wait! I don’t see
that you are giving away so many proofroom
secrets after all! Just begin the subject, and
then hold your readers over till next month —
aren’t you clever!”

To free myself from this implication, I hereby
hasten to give away the best table of word
divisions that I possess (see Table i). It was
prepared by a proofreader friend who worked
for several years in the same office with me, and
who greatly simplified the whole subject of

„ .. . . Specimens of Correct Divisions. . . . °

Syllable. Divisions.

-cally radi-cally, periodi-cally, physi-cally . magic-ally

-ceous herba-ceous, poma-ceous, farina-ceous . cetace-ous

-cial gla-cial, espe-cial, so-cial, offi-cial . spec-ial

-cient defi-cient, effi-cient, profi-cient. an-cient . suffici-ent

-cion coer-cion, suspi-cion . coerc-ion

-cious auda-cious, rapa-cious, gra-cious, vera-cious . suspici-ous

-cism Catholi-cism, athleti-cism, fanati-cism, agnosti-cism. . critic-ism

-dure en-dure, or-dure, proce-dure . verd-ure

-geous umbra-geous, outra-geous, disadvantageous . courage-ous

-gion le-gion, re-gion, conta-gion . relig-ion

-gious reli-gious, prodi-gious, liti-gious, sacrile-gious . contagi-ous

-rily extraordina-rily, satisfacto-rily, customa-rily . ordinar-ily

-rior* supe-rior, infe-rior, inte-rior, ante-rior . exter-ior

-sion vi-sion, abra-sion, confes-sion, divi-sion, diver-sion . . . remiss-ion

-sive eva-sive, adhe-sive, pen-sive, defen-sive . mass-ive

-sory promis-sory, illu-sory, acces-sory. sen-sory . cursory

-tian gen-tian, fus-tian, ter-tian, mar-tian . Christ-ian

-tient sen-tient, quo-tient, pa-tient . quot-ient

-tion condi-tion, addi-tion, subtrac-tion, elec-tion . attract-ion

-tious vexa-tious, propi-tious, ambi-tious . fictitious

-live promo-tive, attrac-tive, ac-tive, effec-tive . elect-ive

-tor direc-tor, ventila-tor, eleva-tor, instruc-tor . conductors

-tory depreca-tory, prefa-tory, obliga-tory, perfunc-tory . . . transitory'

-tude infini-tude, solici-tude, quie-tude, turpi-tude . habit-ude

-ture fu-ture, tex-ture, na-ture. fix-ture, lec-ture . moist-ure

*Plurals may' run ors over, as exteriors.

Word Divisions — Table i.

Note the final syllables tabulated above. The formulations do not mean
that the divisions shown in the first two columns are the only correct ones, but
signify that each termination in those two columns shows the last place at which
the word may be divided.

correct divisions for us all by passing this table
around among the case and keyboard hands
with an invitation to get acquainted with it.
I have his kind permission to use it in any way
that I please, as though it were my own. A
second table, almost equally valuable, will
follow next month. For the present, these
twenty-five final syllables of words, with the
practice work involved in recognizing and
dividing correctly the thousands of words in our
language which end with these syllables, will
keep my copyholder friends interested.

★

Save the Paper!

USE BOTH SIDES OF THE SHEET

★

U. S, CONSERVATION COMMITTEE

THE USE OF COLOR AS APPLIED TO CATALOGUE ILLUSTRATIONS.

Printed by The Henry O. Shepard Company, Chicago, from three-color process plates made by the Zeese'
Wilkinson Company, New York city. Ault & Wiborg process inks used.

Shown by courtesy of B. Altman & Co.

March, igi8

THE INLAND PRINTER

753

“Greater output is not necessarily the result of
physical efforts; it is rather the obtaining of the best
results from a given effort, by the greater output on the
machine’s part, by the use of the brain as well as the
hand, by forethought, the suitable allotment of the work
to the worker — in short, workshop organization, the
prevention of loss of time and materials, and, finally,
by the hearty cooperation of all in a works for the benefit
of all.” This timely paragraph is taken from an article
on “The Future Difficulties of the Printing-Trades,”
written by Brigadier-General W. Wright Bemrose for
The Caxton Magazine (London, England), and it sums
up in very few words the solution of the problem of
overcoming the shortage of labor caused by men being
taken from the plants of the country.

The ever recurring difficulty in securing accurate
register owing to the changes in the moisture of the air
in pressrooms is again receiving considerable attention.
This has been discussed on numerous occasions in the
Pressroom department of this journal, and various sug¬
gestions have been offered for overcoming it. The diffi¬
culty of maintaining a uniform degree of humidity is
great even when a hygroscope is used to register changes.
In cotton-mills this is overcome by the use of humidifiers,
which automatically add moisture to the air. Thus far
we have not learned of this method being used in press¬
rooms, though it seems feasible. We will be glad to hear
from any of our readers who know of this method being
employed, or to receive accounts of their experiences in
overcoming this difficulty, so that the information may
be passed on for the good of the trade in general.

Those of our readers who have followed the very
interesting articles by the historian of the printing indus¬
try in America — Henry L. Bullen, librarian of the Typo¬
graphic Library and Museum — which have appeared in
this journal from time to time, and who are now following
his new department under the heading, “Collectanea
Typographica,” will be glad to learn that he has prepared
an article on “Printers’ Avocations: Print Collecting,”
which will appear in the March issue of The Printing Art.
This article will be illustrated with a number of repro¬
ductions of printer prints, both ancient and modern, and
we are advised will fill about fourteen pages. In the
April issue of the same journal Mr. Bullen will have an
article on “Printer-Medal Collecting,” which will be fol-
6-4

lowed by others on “ Printer-Autograph Collecting,” all
liberally illustrated. The object of these articles, as with
the “Collectanea Typographica” articles, is to foster the
development of the intellectual side of printing.

In the correspondence columns of this issue appears
an appeal from France to the printers of America. A
former appeal was printed in this journal in June, 1917.
The purpose is to secure subscriptions in order to provide
food and clothing for the workmen of France and its allies,
belonging to the printing-trades, who are now prisoners
in Germany or Austria, or who are at the front and
deprived of all their resources, and also to aid the orphans
of those of our profession who have laid down their lives
in this great struggle for the welfare of humanity. We
in this country have been called upon by various organiza¬
tions that are looking after the welfare of our own boys,
and many undoubtedly feel that they are doing all in their
power at the present time. However, we should not for¬
get what we owe the gallant soldiers of those countries
with which we are now allied in this conflict, those who
have borne the burden for considerably over three years,
almost four years, and who are suffering the misfortunes
of a war which has never been equaled in the history of
mankind. Surely we can put forth a little extra effort
to aid our brother printers “over there.” Subscriptions
may be sent direct to Rene Billoux, manager of the Bulle¬
tin Officiel, the official organ of the master printers of
France, 7 Rue Suger, Paris, or through The Inland
Printer.

A Court Decision Regarding Photoengraving.

The members of the photoengraving industry, who
have been closely watching for the outcome of the indict¬
ment which for the past year has been hanging over the
heads of the members of the Photoengravers’ Board of
Trade of New York, who were charged with violating the
Donnelly anti-trust law by adopting a scale of prices for
their product, should feel highly gratified over the decision
of Judge Mulqueen in dismissing the case.

In his decision, covering twenty-eight pages of type¬
written matter, the judge showed that the Donnelly anti¬
trust law is “against combinations to create a monopoly
in commodities which constitute the necessities of life, or
any article or commodity in common use.” He further¬
more pointed out that “a photoengraving is always made
upon special order. It is useful only for the individual

754

THE INLAND PRINTER

March, igi8

for whom it is designed, and is useless and worthless to
the public at large. A photoengraving is unmerchant¬
able and unsalable in the market.” Therefore it is not
a commodity in common use.

As to the question of the agreement between the
employers and employees being one in restraint of trade,
the judge said: “I believe that neither the members of
the labor union nor their employers have violated the
law. I believe their agreement is not only innocent, but
that it has resulted in bringing harmony and stability
where formerly chaos, contention and disorder were found.
The business in which the defendants are engaged can not
be called manufacture for production or sale, within the
ordinary sense of these terms. Photoengraving is rather
to be regarded as an art or process.

“The defendants are not prohibited by the statute
from dictating the terms on which they shall render their
services, since their labors can not in any proper sense be
said to result in the production or sale of an article or
commodity in common use.”

Workers Needed for the Shipyards.

An urgent call for workers for the shipyards has been
sent out by the United States Shipping Board, and in the
advertising pages of this issue will be found a two-page
spread, setting forth the need for men and the trades most
needed, which we gladly give space for in order to do our
share in advancing this most important work. Men in
the printing-trades are not, as a general rule, skilled in
the different classes of work required in shipbuilding.
Printers, however, constantly come in contact with those
who are skilled in the necessary trades, and have great
opportunity to use their influence, not only through the
personal appeal, but also through the advertising litera¬
ture they send out, in pressing home what is a vital need
of our country at the present time. This opportunity
should not be overlooked.

Many of our boys are already proving their ability
to uphold the honor of their country at the battle front,
and many more are waiting to be sent over to do their
part. We are confronted with the enormous task of sup¬
plying the vast ocean tonnage which is required for
moving our troops, with their food, munitions and other
equipment, and also for the transportation of food and
other necessities to our allies.

We have already seen enough of the conditions caused
by the lack of a sufficient number of vessels, and it is
probably unnecessary to state that a vast proportion of
the output of the industrial plants of the country, which
are now running to the fullest extent that supplies of fuel
and labor will permit, will pile up in the manufacturing
plants, on the railroads and at the seaboard unless the
need for ships is met, and met quickly. The outcome of
such a condition is readily apparent to every thinking
person.

The question is, are we going to allow this work to be
further delayed, and thereby jeopardize the future welfare

of our country; or are we going to meet the need and
maintain 'our country’s honor as well as our freedom?

In order to supply the labor necessary for building
vessels there has been created an organization known as
the United States Shipyard Volunteers, enrolled under
the Public Service Reserve, which is composed of workmen
who are willing to give a good day’s work for a good day’s
pay. These workmen are not asked to sacrifice their
present positions and rush off to shipyards which may
not be able to accommodate them. They stand ready,
when called upon, to do a certain class of work, at a speci¬
fied wage, at the places to which they may be assigned.
They have enrolled themselves in the organization so they
may be readily reached when needed.

The printing-trades have already demonstrated their
loyalty to the cause for which our country stands. They
have given of their men, they have given of their money,
and in many other ways have helped the cause along.
Here is another opportunity to perform a service, the
value of which can not be measured. Urge mechanics
who are skilled in the required branches of work to enroll
in this new organization, full particulars of which may be
obtained from the nearest agent of the United States
Public Service Reserve of the Labor Department, or from
the local enrolment agent of the State Council of Defense.

Advertising Platemaking.

The Plate Makers' Criterion, the little but very
much alive journal published by The Ostrander-Seymour
Company, Chicago and New York, “lifts” an article
from a recent issue of The Inland Printer, and acknowl¬
edges the “lift” by giving us full credit for it. We are,
therefore, reciprocating by “lifting” an editorial note, with
which we heartily agree, from that journal. It follows:

It strikes us that not enough advertising is done by those engaged in
the platemaking industries. We have often heard it argued that plate¬
making is most difficult to advertise, but do not agree with that view.
Some of the advertising sent out by a number of engraving establishments
in particular, and here and there an electrotyper, is especially good and
proves that it is possible to advertise these lines not only profitably, but
well. The object of advertising is to create a demand for what you have
to sell, and there are few lines that offer so wide and interesting a field
and scope for facts as well as imagination as the .platemaking lines. Very
little is understood by the public at large about photoengraving and electro¬
typing. Most people simply take them for granted. So much “fool” talk
has been employed by “misrepresentatives” in these lines that it is no sur¬
prise at all to meet with buyers who regard the products of the engraver
and electrotyper as commodities in common use and as merely the product
of mechanical operations, the same as hardware, shoes, clothes, steel and
concrete. Those of us who are in the business are responsible for these
ideas, and it is up to us to inject the proper amount of self-respect and
dignity into our calling.

Every business, whatever its nature, should be built up from the bottom.
To be successful it must result from a definite plan and definite policies.
To simply go out after orders regardless of all other conditions is to court
disaster. The man who builds with an eye to permanency is the one to
achieve success.

Printers have been called the poorest advertisers for
some time past. This stigma is being obliterated rapidly.
Printers — at least many of them — have discovered that
printing is an excellent seller of printing. Some of our
leading platemakers, both engravers and electrotypers,
believe in the use of printing as an effective medium for
creating business. Many others would find it a profitable
investment to follow their example.

March , 1918

THE INLAND PRINTER

755

While our columns are always open for the discussion of any relevant subject, we do not necessarily indorse the opinions of contributors. Anonymous letters
will not be noticed: therefore correspondents will please give their names — not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee
of good faith. All letters of more than one thousand words will be subject to revision.

An Appeal from France to the Printers of America,

To the Editor: Paris, France.

Perhaps you will believe that I am too exacting and run
the risk of indisposing your numerous readers, but I frankly
state that from 3,500 circulars sent to the principal employers
and great daily newspapers in the United States, only one
hundred favorable replies were received, together with a few
dollars for the purpose of relieving the distresses of small
printers, being now prisoners, or to give food to the orphans of
members of our corporation.

The printing-trades of our country organized, through
myself, an international subscription, international because
all of the unhappy are not French, although all are printers.
I have to protect Polish, Russian, Serbian, Italian and English,
and soon will also have to protect American printers. It is
necessary not to let the whole load fall upon the shoulders of
French printers only, who have already given $12,000 to this
subscription. I await a more efficient aid of a friendly people,
allied with us for a just cause, and again I make an appeal to
all the great patronal organizations of American printers in
order that in every town a committee may be formed to collect
the subscriptions, which may be sent directly to me or through
your journal.

I use this means in order to avoid expense. The money
collected in this manner will be spent in giving food to the
thousands of unhappy, including those of your noble country,
who perhaps do not yet understand what they owe to our
modest but immortal soldiers.

Awaiting your kind answer, I beg to remain,

Rene Billoux,

Manager of the “Bulletin Officiel ” for French and Belgian

Printers, 7 Rue Suger, Paris.

Boosting the Thrift Stamp Movement.

T 0 the Editor: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

A movement has been started in the composing-rooms of
the Public Ledger, the Evening Ledger and the North American
to have the International Typographical Union take up the
Thrift Stamp movement.

The I. T. U. has, in round numbers, 50,000 members. If
every member will buy a 25-cent Thrift Stamp each week the
sum total will reach $12,000 weekly.

To make it “easy” to buy these stamps it is proposed to
place the stamps in the hands of the chairman or assistant
chairman of each chapel in the country, to be sold when the
dues are collected.

By this method a well-organized, efficient selling force is
placed at the disposal of the Government.

If there is any doubt about the security back of this offer
by the Government, we assure you that there is an old cracked
bell just across the street from the Public Ledger that if melted
down and sold for souvenirs would bring quite a sum in the

open market. There is also an old yellow manuscript (called
the Declaration of Independence, we believe), some swords
and flags, all a few hundred years old, considerably nicked and
scarred, used in past troublesome times, that could be thrown
in as additional security.

If Uncle Sam falls down on this European job we will all
have to learn to print this way: “Deutschland uber alles.”

(Signed) J. N. Adelsberger, W. Barker, Robert Barrington,
T. Grotz, R. Travis, W. Troehler, F. Long, of the Public
Ledger. W. Richardson, R. A. Spickler, of the North American.

New York the Printing Center of the World.

To the Editor: Orange, New Jersey.

“W. E. L.”, whoever he is, kindly offers some corrections
to an article of mine on “New York the Printing Center of
the World.” Correction of errors is most welcome in a
historical article, but before thanking “ W. E. L.” let us
examine his corrections briefly:

“David Bruce did not introduce stereotyping into America.
John Watt was the man.” The latter’s name was Watts,
who experimented at stereotyping and gave it up.

“Charles Craske was not the inventor of papier-mache
stereotyping.” I did not say so, I said he “perfected” it,
which is different.

“The Adams press was invented in Boston.” I said it
was “developed” in New York.

“Leander K. Bingham is confused with his father Samuel.”
No confusion at all. I said L. K. Bingham perfected the
roller-composition by his patent of 1866.

So “W. E. L.” is invited to read the original article over
again. He can get a copy from Sinclair & Valentine, who
have issued a reprint of it and don’t confuse “invention” with
“developed,” “introduced” with “experimented,” and so on.

His “corrections” remind one of that other corrector who
said, “The arc light is not a modern invention, for did not Noah
make the arc light on Ararat?”

“W. E. L.” doubts if I am a real New Yorker; in that at
least he is correct. President Wilson and myself are both
Virginians, though adopted citizens of. New Jersey. Like the
President, I am also rather “sot” in defense of what I write.

S. H. Horgan.

The Teaching of Printing.

To the Editor: Chicago, Illinois.

W. H. Hatton, in his “Plea for a Standardized Course of
School Printing,” touches on a subject which has presented
a problem to all supervisors and teachers of printing in the
public schools. A problem which, by the way, seems as far
from a solution now as it has proved to be in the past.

You will, I am sure, pardon me if I recite a few inci¬
dents from my own experience as a teacher of printing in

756

THE INLAND PRINTER

March, igi8

a certain high school not more than forty miles from the
city of Chicago.

The school referred to is located in an industrial city of the
State of Indiana, and is one of a system of six large schools,
having a total enrolment of about four thousand students,
and approximately three hundred teachers and supervisors.

The industries located here are, in the main, steel manu¬
facturing plants and allied mills, employing, in the aggregate,
some 40,000 to 50,000 men, most of whom are common laborers,
direct from the various countries of South Europe — men who
are without training mentally, morally, and, to more or less
degree, physically also.

It is the sons and daughters of these that make up fully
seventy-five per cent of our enrolment in the elementary
schools; about sixty per cent of the junior high school; and
more than eighty-five per cent of the printing-school classes.

These students are, as a matter of course, lamentably
ignorant of correct English construction, spelling, punctuation,
and of any and all of the things that are demanded of a common
printer’s apprentice.

Now, in spite of all this, things would not be so bad if a
teacher of printing were able to devote his time to the teaching
art, as such. In the case at bar, however, the supervisor of
industrial education is a man without a day of practical
experience, other than that obtained through looking at others,
reading texts on printing, and conducting classes where the
character of the student body was reasonably high from a
standpoint of general intelligence.

This year sixty-five students were enrolled in the printing-
school and it is necessary to handle them in six periods of
forty-five minutes each. All but six of these are beginners
and fifteen of them are intermediate grade students with
exceptionally little knowledge of correct grammatical construc¬
tion. No student is allowed to take the work in printing for
more than three semesters. We have a single medium Gordon
press, two stone tables, plenty of type and auxiliary machines,
a single font of two-point brass rule, cut labor-saving, and a
font of one-point rule.

To come to the crux of the matter: With this student
body and this equipment, I am expected to do the following
things: Print and complete a thirty-two page monthly
magazine. To get out absolutely all of the record and statistical
forms that are to be used in the entire school system. To
print eight or nine English lessons, to be used in instructing
the foreigners in the night schools (printed on both sides).
To get out all the stationery for the school board, the super¬
visors, the teachers, and all other employees of the schools.
To print all the window-cards and circulars for the various
departments and for a community lecture course, and to get
out booklets for the instructors and the truancy officer. On
the single press and with green help we must get out 50,000
impressions every twenty days or we are way behind the
game. To do this with one bright apprentice pressman would
not be at all difficult, but it is necessary to reinstruct each of
these students, not only on each job, but each and every
time you give him any assignment, either new or old; for
each student works thirty minutes a day for twenty days a
month, and in many cases I find that on leaving my class¬
room he very promptly forgets all that he has previously
learned.

Much of our work is complicated in the highest degree,
consisting, as it does, of ledger and record forms employing
intricate cross-ruling. The work is of such a character that
no commercial printer would think of allowing any but a
journeyman printer to work on it. Yet we are expected to
get it out in true commercial form, and these green foreign
boys are expected to do the work under instruction. The
instructor has an average class of twelve students, and each
one of these is working on a separate problem. To slightly

complicate the matter, each of these problems is a real job of
printing that, when completed, is to be used by the school or
one of its employees. The instructor is expected to instruct,
read proof (six times in some cases), revise copy, and hold the
students in his classes, regardless of their individual ability
and in spite of the fact that some of them break up and drop
type, and mix cases with a persistency that is remarkable.
The instructor also works with the knowledge that the grade
given in printing will in no way affect the final standing of the
student. In fact, the industrial classes are, as a rule, given
little consideration by the academic instructors and supervisors,
and I was informed by my principal, when I protested against
putting intermediate students into my class, that, as there
was no room for them in any other division, it would be neces¬
sary for me to keep them.

Here is the summary: Sixty-five students, fifty-nine of
whom have never seen the inside of a print-shop and fifteen
of whom are in intermediate grades of the academic division.
Six class periods of forty-five minutes and eleven students in
each, each student doing a separate job and each job to be an
actual commercial job. One, and only one, instructor. One
job-press. An average of 50,000 impressions each month, of
twenty days. Now, can anybody tell me when I am to find
any time for real instruction?

Were it not for the fact that I have been considered more
than ordinarily successful as a teacher, I should feel that much
of the blame might be placed on me, but I find that I am not
alone in my opinion of the manner in which the printing
division of the average school is administered, and I am heartily
in favor of the Uniform Course of Study for Printing Schools,
for only in that can we hope to attain to any real usefulness.

j. W. Hough.

In the “Good Old Days.”

To the Editor: Portland, Oregon.

The smell of a print-shop, into which I was initiated June xo,
1861, at Olympia, Washington Territory, by being sent to a
neighboring printing-office for two quarts of “imposing-stone,”
still lingers with me. Therefore, a check for $3 will be found
herein for The Inland Printer for 1918.

Incidentally, I might say that at the date above mentioned
I was a green, awkward youth, rather overgrown, without gar¬
ments other than those suitable for farmwork and working in
the dense timber, an avocation which I had followed almost
continuously for the previous eight years.

I had been quite a reader, however, and read an item here
and there about the operations of newspaper jokesmiths, and
when the order in writing was given to me to get the desired
amount of “imposing-stone,” I mistrusted there was a “sell”
of some sort connected with the job, but had no idea of its
nature. I knew something about pumice-stone, but “imposing-
stone” was something new. The order was presented to the
proprietor of the other office, a double-medium imposing-stone
was pointed out and I was bidden to “help myself.” I saw at
once that I was being made a fool of, and determined to nip
that practice in the bud. Just then a dray was pasing in front,
and with the assistance of the foreman and two others the
large stone was loaded on the dray and hauled to the office of
my boss. Upon presenting myself to him, he said, “Did you get
what you were sent after?” “Yes, sir,” I replied. “Where is
it?” “There it is,” opening the door to the street in order that

he might see that I had made no mistake. “The d - n fool,”

was his only comment; and he paid drayage of fifty cents each
way. I stayed with this man nearly three years, and he never
sent me on a fool’s errand a second time. Our relations for more
than fifty years thereafter were always very pleasant.

George H. Himes,

Curator and Assistant Secretary, Oregon Historical Society.

THE INLAND PRINTER

March, 1918

INCIDENTS IN FOREIGN GRAPHIC CIRCLES.

BY OUR SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT.

GREAT BRITAIN.

The Bolton Chronicle, started ninety-three years ago, has
suspended publication, owing to war conditions.

Three boys were recently sentenced at the Hastings
Police Court to receive five strokes with the birch and to be
put on probation for six months, for stealing a packet of
writing-paper from a stationer’s shop.

After playing a hide-and-seek game for some time with the
German military government as to its place of publication,
L’Independance Beige has established itself in London. It
was once suggested that its office was in an auto, which success¬
fully dodged all searchers for its location.

Cloths for bookbinding have not yet reached their top
limit, although their present prices are more than double the
pre-war figures. The cost of raw material and stiffeners, as
well as labor, continues to advance, and there is a prospect of
a corresponding advance in the selling price of the manufactured
product. At present the lowest quality is selling at 9% pence
(19L2 cents) per yard.

The restrictions on the use of flour in binderies have led
to the introduction of a variety of substitutes for flour paste.
The best of these now work out dearer than flour formerly did.
The substitutes vary in form from dry powders to solid paste,
while the color varies from pure white to a dirty gray. A
large boxmaker reports exceedingly satisfactory results from
silicate of soda (water-glass). Apart from its adhesive quality
it has the merit of cheapness.

An English stationer tells of receiving a letter, very
presumably from a printing concern, reading in part as follows:
“Our business has been established since 1794. We have been
pleasing and displeasing people ever since. We have made
money and lost money; we have been cussed and discussed,
knocked about, talked about, robbed, etc., to the end of the
chapter. The only reason we are staying in the business is
to see what the h - will happen next.”

The Stationery World has the following pertinent remarks
to make: “The charge by Doctor Lyttelton, head master of
Eton, at a recent meeting at York, under the auspices of the
University Extension Society, to the effect that the policy
pursued by the press of this country has been to ignore the
truth in its preference for sensationalism, or anything which
was calculated to increase the commercial value of newspapers,
has caused a great flutter in some journalistic dove-cotes. As
it was scarcely even journalese to call Mr. Lyttelton a ‘liar’
pointblank, the newspapers have said that he has made an
‘unsubstantiated charge,’ or words of that kind. But has he?
Many people with a wide knowledge of presswork will agree
that while the reverend gentleman may have been too sweeping
in his condemnation, the comments which he made did not
altogether fall short of the mark. As a matter of fact, thought¬
ful journalists themselves have not ceased to deplore the fact
that a class of newspaper has sprung up in this country
with no really helpful object in view. This class has the
basest motive and panders to the worst instincts of the people.
Instead of leading the people onward to true enlightenment
in regard to things political, moral and practical, it has sketched
out for itself the debased mission of extracting money with¬
out conscience from the lowest type of reader. There will
be a renaissance in many departments of life after the war.
Journalism in Great Britain will be included in the new birth,
and when the day comes the technical and trade periodicals
will have their proper place in the class which has always been
wholesomely educational, and has never pandered to vice at
all, let alone presented it in a too diaphanous camouflage of
propriety.”

GERMANY.

The following increases in the prices of printing have been
agreed upon by the German Master Printers’ Association:
eighty per cent on commercial work and on journals and
periodicals now appearing; ninety per cent on newly starting
journals and periodicals; one hundred per cent on catalogues,
price-lists and tariffs; one hundred and twenty per cent on
municipal work; one hundred and forty per cent on de luxe
printing; two hundred and fifty per cent on stereotypes and
electrotypes.

The Munich Union of Printers on October 31, 1917,
celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of its establishment. As
early as the first year (1867) of its history it began to fight
against Sunday labor and strove to regulate the apprenticeship
system, which had gotten into a somewhat chaotic state.
In March, 1873, the proprietors instituted a lockout against
the union. In 1891 it was hoped to establish the nine-hour
day; three hundred and fifty members went out on a strike,
which was ended in January, 1892, without attaining its
purpose. This struggle cost the union 100,000 marks. In
1896 a wage-scale was secured which established a satisfactory
condition of affairs. Within the last twenty-five years the
union has expended over 2,000,000 marks in benefits. Despite
the war, its assets now value about 48,000 marks. Of its
membership, 1,500 have been called to the colors, and at last
accounts, some one hundred and fifty have been killed at the
front.

It is doubtful, says a correspondent, whether America is
informed upon the latest fashions in Europe. This consists
in clothing made of paper. Up to now one still sees it but
seldom, but after a while, when German industry has mastered
the new problem, we will see rich and poor, big and small, in
constrained Germany await in paper shirts and outer clothing
the end of the war. One speaks already of paper table and
bed “linens”; paper towels are seen in large numbers. The
new weaves very much resemble cheap unbleached cotton and
can be easily laundered. The towels have withstood a test of
washing in soapsuds at a temperature of 450 Celsius; but one
can not let them soak, nor will they stand cooking. It is not
specially remarkable that the new material is used for lining
jackets and cloaks, it being well known that paper keeps out
the cold. A white weave, which deceivingly resembles
“shirting,” is almost generally being used for death-gowns.
For “dusters,” aprons and other working garments a dark blue
weave of paper is produced. This new paper “calico” is also
supplied in white patterns and is used for women’s dress.
For the present this new material will probably be employed
chiefly for work-garments, since it is too stiff and rough for
body-linen and would rub the skin too much. But one does
not doubt that in a short time a fine, white paper “linen”
goods will find its way to the market, which will be suitable
for all purposes. Gentlemen’s trousers of dark, plain and
striped patterns of paper weave have already been produced.
They are thoroughly waterproof. For the coming spring, full
suits of dresses of paper have been announced, and when one
has arrived this far one may also expect to see charming ladies’
blouses and skirts made of paper.

FRANCE.

The Paris Union of Stereotypers protests against the
adoption of “Taylorism” to speed up their work.

A syndicat des compositrices (union of female compositors)
has been started, and at last reports had thirty members.

The unions of the master printers and their employees, at
Paris, through a committee of representatives, have agreed
upon ten per cent increase in wage and 10 centimes per one
thousand letters for hand composition. The new scale took
effect December 17, 1917.

75§

THE INLAND PRINTER

March , igi8

The compositors at Lyons have secured a daily war bonus
of 2 francs, which on July i will be increased to 2P2 francs.
At Orleans six offices have granted their compositors a daily
bonus of 1 franc.

As an example of the increase in the price of paper, it may
be mentioned that before the war the paper on which La
Typographic Franqaise (the organ of the printers’ union) is
printed cost 8 francs per ream; its present cost is 35 francs per
ream. Necessarily this monthly isn’t as large now as it used
to be.

The French Journal Officiel of December 30, 1917, publishes
a joint decree of the ministries of commerce, industry, the post,
the telegraph, sea transportation and merchant marine, and
the ministry of the interior, in which it is stated that, because
of the great necessity of reserving ship tonnage for the products
absolutely indispensable to the national defense and the life
of the country, on and after the publication of the decree, a
limitation is placed upon the printing of posters, journals,
periodicals, catalogues, circulars, programs, announcements,
commercial work, etc. The decree goes deeply into detail as
to what may and what may not be done, and is much too
lengthy for reprinting here. It also covers the use of wood-
pulp for making papers and regulates the importation of
Bristol cardboard, etc.

SWITZERLAND.

According to an agreement reached between the Swiss
paper manufacturers and the Protective Association of Paper
Using Industries, the price of news-print was fixed at 88 francs
per one hundred kilograms (about 7 $4 cents per pound),
effective January 1, last.

The legislature has passed a resolution to put the con¬
sumption of paper under strict regulations, and one of the
administrative departments has been entrusted with the duty
of seeing the plan carried out. For many sorts of printing
the rules mean a lessening of the amount of paper that may be
used; newspapers, for instance, will have their supplies
reduced all the way from eighteen to thirty per cent.

The death, on December 19, 1917, of H. Burger-Hofer, at
Zurich, is announced. He was formerly a member of the
lithographic firm of Huber & Burger, and then for a long time
a director of the Polygraphic Institute. He was one of the
Swiss delegates to the World’s Fair, at Chicago, in 1893, and
served as a juror at the Milan Exposition in 1906, and at the
Book and Printing-Trades Exposition at Leipsic in 1914. He
had almost attained his seventieth year, and was ever an
earnest supporter of the higher aims of our craft.

The following details regarding the paper industry in
Switzerland are taken from a report made by the Commercial
Bank at Basle: “At the present moment eighteen paper-
factories exist in this country, the principal one of which was
established in 1862. The following factories are well known:
The Balsthal Cellulose and Paper Factory, the Perlen Paper
Mill and the Landquart Paper Mill. At Basle there is a
company providing wood-pulp, and this concern erected a
factory at Grellingen in 1870; at present this company also
possesses several factories abroad. In normal times the
Swiss industries supply about three-fourths of the home
consumption of paper, and during the war this supply has
greatly increased. During 1912-13 the total consumption
amounted to 60,855,000 kilograms of paper and cardboard,
of which 47,000,000 kilograms were furnished by the Swiss
mills, being about 78 per cent. For the year 1914-15 the
figures were, respectively, 75,000,000 and 62,000,000 kilograms,
the percentage of Swiss manufacture rising to 83P2 per cent.
The exports of paper and cardboard, raw and half finished,
show a considerable increase in 1915 and the first half of 1916,
but owing to the export prohibitions of 1916 the export is now

at a complete standstill. In 1910 the weight of the exports
was 873,000 kilograms and theirvalue 739,000 francs ($142,629).
To make a comparison, we may mention that the annual
exports from 1851 to 1859 averaged 41,000 kilograms, whereas
in 1887 the weight was 2,789,000 kilograms, valued at 2,172,000
francs ($419,196). It goes without saying that prices have
risen considerably during the war, the increase averaging
50 per cent; whereas in other countries such as Holland,
Sweden, Norway and the United States, the rise amounted to
100-120 per cent; in Germany, Austria, France and England,
60-100 per cent, and in Italy and Russia, 200-500 per cent.”

AUSTRIA.

Paper beltage and cordage are being used in the Fiume
district. The belting is mat-like and is woven with the
ordinary paper cord. It may be strengthened by various
processes. It does not possess the strength of leather belting,
and the abrasion on the paper cord makes the life of the belting
comparatively short.

ITALY.

There has just been issued the first volume of a “ Dizionario
ezegetico tecnico e storico per le arte grafiche,” an Italian dictionary
of the graphic arts, published by the Typographic School of
Turin, and edited by its secretary, Joseph Arneudo. The
work seems to be not only a “dictionary,” but a technical
encyclopedia. _

NOW IT’S FREAK POETRY.

We have had cubists, futurists and freak art to the limit.
Poets have tried to follow with what they called imagist,
vorticist and spectrist poetry, and now comes George P.
Metzger, in the New York Evening Sun, with a new brand of
poetry which is still nameless. Here is his first exhibit:

u p

6C 2 )f

U | tf

* * *

He calls this: “A Dash for the Train in the Rush Period.”
Don Marquis of the Sun says of it: “Mr. Metzger has got
away from words entirely, for the first time, in poetry; he has
written a poem in which ideas, emotions, sensations, spiritual
and physical experiences are suggested by the marks of
punctuation which are ordinarily used to condition, accentuate,
elaborate, the significance of words.

“In the meantime, here is a poem of our own in the new
manner:

* * *
*

I -

“The title of the above poem is ‘Impression of an Egyptian
Gondolier Serenading a Swiss Dolphin as She Leaps Heaven¬
ward from the Top of the Pyramid of Cheops on a Starlight
Night.’

“Mr. Metzger’s poem is far more subjective than ours;
suggesting, as it does, the emotions of the man rushing for the
train.

“Ours is, perhaps, too pictorial.

“But this only shows the range of the New Poetry. You
can do anything with it.”

Here is an opportunity for Inland Printer readers to
show these pioneer poets that they are mere pikers when it
comes to making types sing. The best poetry in this newest
form will be printed, providing the titles are sufficiently
explanatory.

March , 1918

THE INLAND PRINTER

759

Collectanea Cvpogi'apMca

■por him was lever had at his
beddes hed

H twenty bokes, clothed in black
or red.

Of Hristotle and bis philosophic,
Chan robes riche, or fidel or

sautrie. — Chaucer, 1340- 1 400.

* * * *

And This Happened in America !

NE evening, a year or two ago,
boarding a train going West, I met
a master printer of a city of the Middle
West with whom I had a slight acquain¬
tance. Thereupon ensued the quickest
journey I ever made on a railroad.
Geographically we speeded through
several States; actually we were trans¬
ported by the magic of a book across
the seas “where Venice sate in state,
throned on her hundred isles.” My
companion that day had bought and had
with him a book printed in Venice by
Aldus Manutius, whom not to reverence
is treason to our art. What Beethoven
is to a musician, or Titian to a painter,
or Praxiteles to a sculptor, the sublime
Aldus was to us. Although an excep¬
tionally successful printer from the
money-making point of view, a former
secretary of his local Typothetae, using
and believing the Standard cost-finding
system, this Western printer loves his
art, and year by year he surrounds him¬
self with masterpieces of printing, as
other men surround themselves with
masterpieces of painting and sculpture.
At intervals, he invites his assistants —
lay-out men, artists, compositors, and
binders — to his residence to enjoy his
treasures. They, as well as he, derive
enjoyment and inspiration from these
sources, so that the whole tone of his
establishment is increasing in dignity
and improving in achievement. A few
days later, I visited his plant and found it
to be as “up-to-date” as any I had ever
seen. There was evidence of business
efficiency, and there was something more
than that, which made business pleasur¬
able as well as profitable — - indeed, as
my friend said, more profitable. There,
amid the cheerful hum of machinery,
I discovered that my brother in typog¬
raphy had a surprising ambition, to

Printer’s Mark of Christopher Plantin, Antwerp,
1520-1580.

Motto: “ By Work and Perseverance."

the achievement of which he is steadily
working. It is splendid; but not in a
thousand times would one guess what
it is: He intends to erect a printing-
house which will be an adaptation of
the palatial printing-house in Antwerp
in which the Plantin-Moretus family
lived and printed for three centuries,
and to place it in a spacious environment
of trees and flowers. The urge toward
the beautiful is in his soul. In the city
of Antwerp the three greatest things are
the Cathedral, the Hotel de Ville, and
the Plantin-Moretus printing-house.
Our master printer’s aspirations have
their sources in the fascinating literature
of printing and in association with the
masterpieces of printing. There is no
other fount of inspiration. In due time,
if this printer perseveres, his example
will do more for Printing than the
U. T. of A. has thus far accomplished.
* * * *

“ No Time to Read.”

HE busiest men are the most diligent
readers. “ No time to read ” actually
means “I don’t want to read.” We need
not quarrel with printers who do not
want to read about the history of their
art; rather we sympathize with them.
They miss so much that would make
them better and more successful printers.

A Dynasty of Wealthy Printers.
HRISTOPHER PLANTIN, born in
France, lost his mother when a boy,
was abandoned by his father when a
youth, apprenticed himself to a printer
in Caen, and, in course of time, became
proficient in printing and bookbinding.
While still a journeyman, he married
Jane Riviere, a good woman of his own
station in life, and four years later, in
1549, established himself as a book¬
binder in Antwerp. After a year’s
residence, he was admitted to citizen¬
ship, and received as a member of the
guild of printers; but not until 1555
did he add printing to his business.
His progress was slow until 1563, by
which time the excellency of his work
had established his reputation. Such
were the modest beginnings (not dis¬
similar to those of thousands of printers
in America) of a printer who bequeathed
a great business and a substantial
fortune to his descendants. They, fol¬
lowing in his footsteps, continued the
business successfully and with ever
increasing honor for three hundred years,
ceasing to print in 1866.

Plantin was blessed with six daughters
but had no son. One of his sons-in-law
(Raphelengius) he established, after a
sufficient apprenticeship, in a printing
business in Leyden. Another son-in-law
(Beys) was his agent in Paris. A third
son-in-law, John Moretus, was chief
assistant in the Antwerp establishment.
In 1576, he first occupied the property
which he and the descendants of his
blood were to occupy for three centuries.
He became the owner in 1579. Then
began a gradual enlargement and beau¬
tification, which continued until 1812.
Plantin died in 1589, bequeathing his
printing-house and printing business to
John Moretus, the value being in excess
of $200,000, all made in printing, for
he owned no real estate he could not
use himself, and in his day there were
no stocks or bonds or get-rich-quick
exchanges. It was, in fact, for those
times, an exceptionally large fortune.
It was stipulated in the will, and thence¬
forth it was the rule of succession, that
the printing-house and business should
pass to the children whom the family

760

would consider most worthy. Thus a
trust was (in effect) created, which was
the cause of the marvelous conservation
of treasures of all sorts accumulated by
Plantin and the successive proprietors
of this great printing-house. This is the
succession of those to whom this inheri¬
tance was entrusted: Christopher Plantin
1520-1589; John Moretus I., 1543-1610;
John Moretus II., 1574-1618; Balthasar
Moretus I., 1576-1641; Balthasar More¬
tus II., 1615-1674; Balthasar Moretus
IIP, 1646-1696 (during whose lifetime
the Moretuses were ennobled); Bal¬
thasar Moretus IV., 1679-1730; John
James Moretus, 1690-1757; Francis
John Moretus, 1 7 17-1768 ; Mary Theresa
Josephine Borrekens (widow of Francis
John), died 1797; James Paul Joseph
Moretus, 1756-1808; Francis Joseph
Moretus, 1760-1814; Louis Francis
Xavier Moretus, 1758-1820; Albert
Francis Hyacinth Frederic Moretus,
1795-1865; and Edward John Hyacinth
Moretus, 1804-1880, who sold the entire
establishment, with all its contents, in
1876 to the City of Antwerp for the
sum of $300,000, to be preserved forever
under the name of the Plantin-Moretus
Musee, a splendid monument to Christo¬
pher Plantin, “first [i. e., chief] printer
to the king and king of printers’’ and
to his printer-descendants.

From first to last all impressions of
the Plantin-Moretus Press were done
on hand presses. No engine or motor
or power machine of any kind ever
desecrated its mediaeval calm. It even
disdained the iron hand presses which
were introduced a hundred years ago,
yet year by year the wealth of this
interesting dynasty increased. Instead
of these inventions which have acceler¬
ated product without expanding profits
(vide the report of any Cost Congress),
a library of 14,000 books was accu¬
mulated; oil paintings by Rubens and
Van Dyck and lesser artists adorned
not only the living-rooms but also the
workrooms; the portraits in oil of every
important member of the family were
added from generation to generation; and
everywhere one finds the impressive
printer-mark of the Plantins worked into
the stained-glass windows and in the
interior and exterior mural decorations.
In this veritable palace of typography
we see the evidences everywhere of
intense pride in the art it enshrined and
in those who practiced that art. Not
least in interest and impressiveness are
the archives, as religiously and reverently
kept as those of any royal house. Here
are the important correspondence of
centuries, contracts with kings, licenses
and patents and privileges, inventories,
books of accounts — ■ in short, the
materials for a most intimate history.
Prestige is written with a firm hand on

THE INLAND PRINTER

all these documents. Many books have
been written about the Plantin-Moretus
Dynasty of Printers and many more
will be written. De Vinne viewed their
memorials with appreciative soul, as of
men with whom he was akin, as he tells
us in an inspiring illustrated article in
the June, 1888, issue of the Century
Magazine. And if there is a printer
calling himself a master printer who has
to confess his ignorance of the history
of this dynasty of printers, he by that
confession affords a reason for the much
advertised unprosperity of printing in
America.

Plantin employed authors and editors,
and was, as a rule, his own publisher.

Portrait of Christopher Plantin,

11 First printer to the king a>id king of printers.”

The manufacture of books in his day
comprised the whole business of printers.
Plantin acquired a fair degree of scholar¬
ship. He himself was proficient in three
languages. He printed in five languages.
His daughters assisted in the bookshop
and the proofreading. They were pro¬
ficient in several languages. Son-in-law
Raphelengius was deeply learned and
himself an author. John Moretus was
also a scholar. In the sixteenth century
it was assumed that a printer was a
scholar, and not a mere machine impress¬
ing characters on papers in ignorance of
their significance and power. The repu¬
tation of an early printer depended first
upon his ability to provide good, useful,
or amusing things to read and, secondly,
on his ability to print them in a good
style. Printing is, in fact, an occupation
of the intellect. The reason so few
succeed in it is that they are not intel¬
lectual enough. If one brings to printing
intellectual attainments barely ample
enough for a plumber or a blacksmith
he can not succeed as a printer. When
a printer declares that Printing is
unprofitable to himself, he thereby
announces his own incapacity. A high
degree of capacity and of character is

March , igi8

required to command success in print¬
ing. There is an illimitable demand for
printing; what more than that does a
printer of due capacity require?

Collectanea is not attempting a history
of the Plantin-Moretus family. It is
trying to prove that it may do many
printers a world of good to read their
history; and, as a further fillip thither¬
ward, our story will end with a hint of
the treasures they accumulated. First
of vulgar gains: We have given Plantin’s
wealth when he died. Seventy-three
years later, in 1662, the inventory of
the possessions of Balthasar Moretus II.
foots up 341,000 florins, equivalent to
400,000 of our dollars. The constant
acquisition of items of rarity and luxury
indicate unusual wealth.

The greater artists of Flanders were
employed from period to period to
beautify the printing-house and to cele¬
brate its possessors. In 1763 De Bruyn
and Godecharte redecorated the entrance
hall, which has four great bas-reliefs
representing Architecture, Geography,
Painting and Mathematics, and a life-
size marble statue of Apollo, the god of
music and poetry. In 1637 the proof¬
reader’s room was remodeled in stately
fashion. At that time an impressive
bronze tablet was dedicated, recording
the names of twenty proofreaders, with
their terms of employment from 1556
to 1608. In this room also is preserved
a manuscript catalogue of all the books
printed by Plantin from 1555 to 1579,
prepared by a son-in-law as a New
Year's gift in 1580. (The spirit to pre¬
pare and the spirit to preserve such a
catalogue, is not that explanatory of
the greatness of these printers?) The
printing room, once containing twenty-
two hand presses, retains the architec¬
tural ornamentation of 1576. The carved
corbels and beams and intricate iron
grilles, with the recurrence of the printer-
mark or insignia, were of Plantin’s
own choosing, and established the stand¬
ard of taste and dignity which became
traditional with his descendants. The
shop is lighted by leaded cross-barred
windows and has a dignity which doubt¬
less daunted many a bargainer. The
rear shop is adorned by portraits of
John Moretus I. and his wife, Martina,
by Rubens, “chief master of the Flem¬
ish school of painting and one of the
most versatile artists of all times.”

The happy and prosperous condition
of all arts and crafts in Plantin’s time,
under Guild rule, is vividly described in
the introduction to Motley’s “Rise of
the Dutch Republic.” Resumption of
the guild system would resolve the
troubles of Printerdom and other indus¬
tries. Read Motley. Study the inter¬
esting history of the guild system. Do
something forward-looking.

Old Gateway, Fort Washington Park, New York City.

An excellent rendering, in four colors, of a winter scene from a photograph.
Engraved and printed by The Colorplate Engraving Company, New York city.

March , 1918

THE INLAND PRINTER

761

BY S. H. HOEGAN.

Queries regarding process engraving, and suggestions and experiences of engravers and printers, are solicited for this department. Our technical research
laboratory is prepared to investigate and report on matters submitted. For terms for this service address The Inland Printer Company.

Photogravure’s Introduction Here.

Rev. Fred Hovey Allen, LL.D., told this interesting bit
of history at a meeting of the American Institute of Graphic
Arts: Doctor Allen began as a printer, founding the Lawrence

(Mass.) - . In 1882 he went to Europe and studied

the making of photogravure plates under the master, Karl Klic,
who later invented rotary photogravure. When Doctor Allen
returned to Boston he undertook, for Estes & Lauriat, the
publication of Thomas Moore’s “Lalla Rookh,” illustrated
with 142 photogravure plates. This occupied eight presses
for seven years. It was followed by numerous books from the
Allen Gravure Press, notably “The Great Cathedrals,” in
two volumes. Eighteen volumes on art, written by Doctor
Allen, were also illustrated with photogravure plates, for which
he introduced steel facing to prevent them from wearing out
on long editions. The signing of the bill by President Cleve¬
land, permitting photogravure prints made abroad to come
into this country free of duty, ruined the photogravure indus¬
try in the United States.

Rotary Photogravure Did Not Come from Germany.

“Newspaper Publisher,” New York, asks: “Is it not true
that rotary photogravure came to us from Germany? The
first papers to introduce it for Sunday supplements certainly
claimed it as a German invention.”

Answer: — The way in which rotary photogravure reached
this country is a good illustration of the aggressive business
methods of German syndicates, and the “easy marks” our
capitalists were to them before the war. Rotary photogravure
was invented by Karl Klic in the north of England about
twenty years ago. He kept his methods secret, though the
results showed that he had devised a method of printing
photogravures of the highest artistic quality at a speed hitherto
considered impossible. His methods were introduced into this
country by the Van Dyck Gravure Company, of New York,
ten years later. On Easter, 1910, the Freiburger Zeitung
appeared with rotary photogravure -illustrations, and copies of
this newspaper were sent all over the world and followed up
by circulars stating that these photogravure illustrations were
produced by new inventions that were controlled by powerful
syndicates in Germany. Then agents were sent to this country
who sold “rights” to the invention to many publishers in this
country, at $50,000 each, it is reported. Presses were also
sent from Germany to print newspaper supplements, together
with the ink to be used and workmen to operate the invention.
The war stopped all this and then our publishers discovered
that there were no exclusive rights; that the methods used
had been explained in The Inland Printer since December,
1908. American inkmakers began making the ink and press-
makers improved presses until now we are entirely independent
of Germany. American publishers never would have turned
over the millions of dollars they did for rotary photogravure

to Germany if they had but read The Inland Printer and
consulted those on this side of the ocean who are informed on
the progress of the photomechanical printing processes.

Process Formulas Some Twenty Years Ago.

Before The Inland Printer started this department,
over twenty-three years ago, the only source of information
for the processworker was the photographic journals. The
leading American journal of those days was Anthony’s Photo¬
graphic Bulletin , which publication was running a school of
photoengraving under the tutelage of Macfarlane Anderson.
Tutor Anderson would occasionally publish some of his
“secret” formulas, and here are two of them which read like
jokes today:

Zinc Enamel Formula. — Take of pine gum, resin, or balsam,
enough to fill a cup, over this pour a solution of lye, and digest
at a temperature of 100 degrees Fahrenheit for several days.
Stir occasionally, then pour off and neutralize. Add sufficient
of this solution to the ordinary enamel to give the coated plate
a slight matt surface, drying at as low a temperature as possible.
Expose and develop as usual, and, when burning in, see that
the film is just carried to the glossy stage in heating. Now
commence to etch.

For Etching Copper in Relief. — Nitrous acid at 30 degrees,
2 ounces; acetate of silver, 6 drams; hydrated nitric ether,
16 ounces. The nitric ether is prepared by mixing two ounces
each of nitric acid and alcohol; and, when the reaction com¬
mences, stop it by adding eight ounces of distilled water. Is
it to be wondered at that we old-timers are gray and bald
after struggling with formulas like those?

Tricolor Blocks Built Great Industries.

What several industries owe to three-color block making is
well told by Charles Francis in his “Fifty Years of Printing.”
Thanks to Ives and other inventive geniuses among photog¬
raphers and engravers, the three-color process came along and
made it possible for the typographic printer to reproduce all
that is bright and beautiful to the human vision. The first
pictures were naturally somewhat coarse ' and gaudy, but
gradually the details were worked out, and about the opening
of the present century it became possible to reproduce paintings
and photographs in the natural colors, with great fidelity to
nature, in either three or four printings, and at a cost so low
that they were promptly adopted by magazines and periodicals
and also used in manufacturers’ catalogues. The half-tone
has educated the trade to highly coated smooth papers, the
typefounder has designed harmonious type-faces, the ink
manufacturers have met the demand with inks of all shades
adapted to the new conditions, brilliant and quick drying.
The pressbuilder also fell into line, and gave us two-color
machines and recently a four-color machine. It does not take
long to summarize all this on paper, but its accomplishment

THE INLAND PRINTER

March, igi8

762

in thousands of printing-offices all over the world has been a
gigantic task. The details of this development of high-grade
color-printing would fill volumes.

Etching Aluminum.

L. B. B., San Francisco, inquires for the most effective
acid to etch aluminum.

Answer. — If the writer knew how to etch aluminum readily
he would not be doing anything else, and the first one to

No amount of make-ready will bring this half-tone up.
It is a waste of time to try it.

items of expense in getting out a job; the difference in cost
between the two kinds of half-tones is very little, while the
great loss of money is caused by trying to make a poorly
engraved half-tone print, not to mention the destruction by
it of valuable paper, and the dissatisfied customer. The public
today is educated to know well-printed pictures, so that it
is a waste of money to offer them any but the best. The
successful printers and publishers are those who insist on
starting every job right with only the best engravings they

This half-tone will print without any make-ready
under proper conditions.

accomplish it will reap rich reward if he can protect his
invention. Lithographers were the first to use aluminum,
and they will tell you that they etch it with weak nitric acid
solution, when the fact is that nitric acid will not etch aluminum
at all. What it does for the lithographer is to etch away
every impurity on the plate without attacking the aluminum,
thus rendering the right service to the lithographer. The
engraver who wants to etch aluminum in relief has a problem
before him. The best etching solution for aluminum thus far
found is chlorid of iron strongly acidified with hydrochloric
acid in the proportion of, say, one ounce of acid to twenty
ounces of the saturated solution of chlorid of iron. The
trouble is to get an acid resist to withstand this etching solution.
Asphalt has proved the best.

There Are Half-Tones and Half-Tones.

Gatchel & Manning, of Philadelphia, have kindly sent us
two half-tones which illustrate the difference between the
regular half-tone which publishers want to buy at a square-inch
rate, and a half-tone from the same illustration, which the
engraver has been allowed to finish properly. The trouble
has been that buyers of engravings frequently are not
discriminating enough; they judge only by the price charged
them and then blame the printer if he does not get results.
The facts are that paper and presswork are usually the big

can buy, knowing that it is indeed economy. When they
find an engraver who puts quality into every piece of engraving
he turns out they stick to him, and thus relieve themselves of
much of the wrorry, and get credit in the finished job for his
work.

Saving Silver from Solutions.

“Engraving Company,” Pittsburgh, writes: “Now that
nitrate of silver is at top-notch prices, how can we ‘ Hoover-
ize ’ it?”

Answer. — The principal silver loss is in developing,
intensifying and fixing negatives. Have two taps over the
developing sink, and the latter divided by a partition. Develop
over one side of the sink and rinse the developer off at the
same side, but wash under the second tap. Allow the water
from the first sink to overflow into a barrel or barrels, throw
the developer that is left over, or some sulphate of iron, into
this barrel and stir it up before going away at night. In the
morning the clear water on top can be siphoned off. Wash
off the nitrate of silver in intensification also over this same
sink. Fixing-baths should be kept in a dipping-bath, and,
when they become saturated with silver, send to the refiner
with the mud that will accumulate at the bottom of the barrels.
Of course, all blotting-paper and cotton used in wiping the
sensitized plate after it comes out of the silver-bath, and

March , igi8

THE INLAND PRINTER

763

cotton or paper used in filtering silver-baths, are carefully
saved in a box by themselves. When one thinks that at least
sixty per cent of the silver used ordinarily goes down the sink,
methods of saving it are worth considering.

Negative Intensification Carried Too Far.

“Photographer,” Philadelphia, writes: “A few years ago
I saw a note in The Inland Printer about some one having
trouble with lack of contact in printing half-tones, and it
always occurred where shiny spots showed in the turned
negatives. I did not pay much attention to the remedy you
suggested, for I never had the trouble, but now it has broken
out with me and I would like to know when you printed some¬
thing about it.”

Answer. — Curiously, this is the second query on this
subject from Philadelphia. The cause of it is overintensi¬
fication with copper and silver and, sometimes, the addition
of lead. Particularly with copy like machinery, having strong
high lights and shadows close together and each of small area,
when the operator does not get his exposure right, instead of
making the negative over he tries to save it by cutting and
giving it several intensifications. By doing this he builds up
the high lights in such relief in the negative film that when it
is turned over on the glass the shadow parts of the film do not
get in close contact with the glass, and a film of air shows
“shiny” where there is not perfect contact between negative
and glass. The remedy for it is to get the exposure right,
develop sufficiently to get a negative so intense that it does
not require more than one treatment of copper and silver to
make it dense enough. John A. Kohler, of Chicago, makes the
suggestion that if the turning-glass is coated with stripping
collodion and, before the collodion is set, this overintensified
negative is squeegeed on it and allowed to dry there, the
stripping collodion will fill up the thin spots in the film and
bring it all to an even thickness and thus save a “make-over.”

Line and Half-Tone Collodion.

“Apprentice,” Boston, writes: “I am ambitious to be a
good photoengraver. I work in a shop and study all I can in
the library nights. Your book gives me much knowledge.
I help a photographer in the shop. He uses the same collodion
for half-tones and line negatives. Is that right?”

Answer. — The same collodion can be used for both line
and half-tone negatives, but it is not right. Line-negative
collodion can be made without using any bromid salts, while
half-tone collodion should contain some bromid. Line collodion
should be what is called a contrast collodion, while for half¬
tones it should be a softer working collodion, capable of giving
softer gradations. In theory, the developers should also be
different. For linework the developer should have more
restrainer so that development can be carried on longer. In
old times, when better line negatives were made than today,
an organic restrainer was used in the line developer. The only
restrainer used today is the acetic acid, so there should be more
acid used in line than in half-tone developer. The half-tone
developer can also be stronger in iron and the development
carried through quickly. You can use a developer weaker in
iron for linework than you can for half-tone.

To Make a Large Tray for Acetic Acid.

T. B. Dawson, New York, asks for a large tray, 24 by 36
inches inside measurement, in which acetic acid solution may
be used to soak a number of negatives before stripping to make
up a flat. Fie says there are no large trays in the market
any more, and asks how one can be made of wood.

Answer. — Serviceable trays can be made by a carpenter
or cabinet-maker by using California redwood and some of
the acid-proof cements now on the market. In Photo-
Miniature , No. 166, page 380, the making of such a tray is

described, from which some suggestions may be taken. When
the carpenter has the tongued and grooved pieces of the tray
ready for putting together he should coat the joints and seams
of the wooden bottom and sides with a thick varnish cement,
such as Owl or Probus acid and alkali proof varnish, which
practical experience, after long usage with acid and alkaline
solutions, has proved to possess a flexibility or elasticity not
found in other varnishes of this class. White lead is unsuitable
for joints as the acetic acid would form acetate of lead, which
is soluble in water. When the pieces are carefully jointed and
put together, the tray is put in clamps and left until the cement
sets and dries. After a day or two the tray is given a thick
coat of the cement varnish, both inside and out, and again
laid aside for a couple of days. Then strong unbleached
muslin is cut to cover the inside of the tray completely and lap
over the edges. The tray is given another coat of varnish on
the inside and the muslin pressed down smoothly in contact
with the varnish. The edges of the muslin are tacked around
on the outside of the tray and the whole of the inside given
another coat of the varnish. When this is dry you have a
tray that should last for years, provided it is given the
proper care and is revarnished when necessary.

“Printer,” Cincinnati, writes: “Enclosed please find proof
of a half-tone I had made for a calendar. I bought the original
in a picture-frame store. It was a sepia print, twice the size
of the half-tone. I am positive it had no mark of copyright
on it, though I can not find it now. A stationer in this city
showed me a post-card with the same picture on it copyrighted
by a card publisher in New York. What I want to know is,
what risk do I run for damages, or can there be any damages,
if the copy I made the half-tone from had no copyright notice?”

Answer: — This is a question for a lawyer, and yet the
writer, in a quarter of a century of experience in giving out
pictures for reproduction, never found a lawyer that knew
much more than he did about the muddled copyright law.
Printers and photoengravers should know that if they find an
uncopyrighted reproduction of a copyrighted picture it does
not save them from a copyright suit if they engrave from it.
Neither do changes and additions to a copyrighted picture
give one the right to reproduce it. Further, you can buy a
painting, or original picture of any kind, and still have no
right to photograph it even, as the copyright may have been
sold to someone else. The damages for infringement of copy¬
right are fixed between $250 and $5,000, so it is a serious matter.
The half-tone sent for an opinion is that of an actress. If she
paid the photographer for the sitting, then she owns the rights
in the picture and will never bother about copyright rights
for she courts publicity. If the photographer gave her the
sitting free, then he may have copyrighted the portrait and by
experience knows better than to sue a poor printer.

THE POOR, STARVED COUNTRY EDITOR.

Bob Johnson, the editor of the Motley County News, writes
in to say that he has been wondering “if the editor of a great
weekly like Collier's ever had several different friends drop in
and leave, in a single day: one quarter of beef, at least forty
pounds of backbone, spareribs, and sausage, and a dozen and
a half freshly killed quail.”

Oh, hush, Bob! When several different friends drop in
around these parts, about all they bring with them is: one-
quarter of an hour of beefing, at least forty caustic comments
upon our lack of backbone, and a desire to leave behind them
a dozen and a half freshly killed editors. Still, it’s no wonder
Bob’s friends have meat. For the Motley County News is
published at Matador, Texas; and what more appropriate
spot for the slaying of bos alimentarius ? — Collier's.

764

THE INLAND PRINTER

March , igi8

APPRENTICE PROBLEMS IN WEST AFRICA.

BY J. II. BRADFORD.

HE demand for printing in this part of Africa
is limited at present to the Government, the
mission and a few traders, but here is a need
that will not brook a year’s delay in filling an
order. In the Cameroun colony there are only
three print-shops, and they are not nearly
enough for competition. Of the three, the
writer has only a speaking knowledge; but of
one, the mission press, where he is found daily, he can speak.

State the question from this point of view: “Can the
primitive African be trained by the American apprentice sys¬
tem into a thorough journeyman?” First, you must see some¬
thing of the equipment. One hundred and twenty miles inland

day for six months of the year. During that time he has been
under the teaching and influence of white people, and when
he comes into apprenticeship, has, as he expresses it, turned
his heart from evil.

If he has a wife, she conies with him and they are given a
dormitory to live in and a kitchen to cook in. He comes for
three years, and during that time he is to get no wages, but
every week receives about half a pint of salt and about twenty
cents in food money. This is sufficient, and most often the
wife supplies the food and the twenty cents a week is saved
with which to buy cloth, or clothing made at the tailor shop.
Of the apprentices in the mission press, not one uses his food
money, but banks it with the white man for future use.

The working hours are from seven to twelve in the morn¬
ing, and from two to five in the afternoon, with Saturday
afternoon off and one hour off on Monday for church instruc-

One Corner of the African Print-Shop, with the Apprentices, Elat, Cameroun.

from Kribi is a large industrial school, and here the print-shop
is situated. As yet, equipment and supplies must come via
a man’s back or in small carts propelled by man power,
though a motor-truck will be used in the near future. Freight
and delivery add from one to three hundred per cent of the
original cost of goods, and then they often arrive in bad order.
The new press building is 24 by 32, built of wood with a thatch
or mat roof, and having every available inch in huge windows
for lighting, although there is no glass for the windows, and
if the storm is severe enough the shutters must be closed and
work suspended. Most of the furniture used is made in the
carpenter shop, but the cases and cabinets are American and
English, while all of the machinery — Gordon press, lever cut¬
ter, wire-stapler and lead-and-rule cutter — • are of the best
American make. There are only four series of type in use,
but there is enough of each, including spaces and quads, and
leads are kept in good supply. Paper is carried only in five
grades: cover and ticket stock of bogus bristol, manifold paper,
bond, book and news.

The apprentice must have but few requirements: First,
that he be in good standing in the church; second, that he have
finished the highest school in the colony; and third, that he
be willing to work. Complying with those three he is sent
on to the print-shop, where he is accepted on a three months’
trial, and begins work.

First, the apprentice is removed from the primitive African
only by his education, which covers a period of from ten to
twelve years, in which time he has gone to school but half a

tion. Night school is available if the apprentice so desires,
and aids are given him in many ways.

Contrary to the American plan, the “devil” is not an
apprentice but is paid to do many things that do not belong
to apprenticeship. The apprentice spends the first week ac¬
quainting himself with letters, leads, sticks, cases and those
troublesome commas and apostrophes which it is many months
before he can be sure about. He learns the different sizes of
spaces and their uses, and the use of the punctuation marks,
and soon is tearing down some solid matter and slowly picking
his way through “trouble, trouble” as he learns to distribute.
Of course, composition follows distribution, and gradually he
becomes proficient in straight matter. No copy that is not
typewritten or legibly printed is placed before the apprentice.
Then comes simple job composition with different sizes of type
and different measures, with imposition, followed by press-
work.

In the simpler work the apprentice goes with the job
through composition, imposition, lock-up, stock cutting, ink
and make-ready, press feeding, collation, scoring, binding,
bundling, and delivering to the carrier for final delivery. As
he advances, he undertakes more complicated work, culminat¬
ing with tabular work in a strange tongue, and booklets, and
he is allowed to impose eight-page forms for school text-books.

His American teacher is used to short, pithy terms, but the
African has not seen any of these printing things, and in
the translation it often takes a long sentence to tell what one
American word expresses. When a person wants to say proof-

March, igi8

THE INLAND PRINTER

765

press, translated, he says: ‘'Press it first writes when they
have not yet written of big press.” The native has the dec¬
imal system of counting only, because he used his fingers and
it was not necessary to count. Therefore, any numberwork is
extremely difficult, and such a problem as cutting and the
number of sheets required for a run is a problem beyond their

that they come from a stock that has had no intellectual train¬
ing and has lived from hand to mouth as the forest and garden
provided, they are exceptional, and if the white man can give
them a course for every procedure all will go well.

Editor’s Note. — The writer of this article, J. H. Brad¬
ford, left Chicago for Africa during the summer of 1916, after

The Schoolboys Learning to Drill — Company Formation. Rubber Grove in the Rear.

conception. They can not figure out why the white man knows
how many lines leaded and unleaded will go on a page, and they
want ornaments because they say they are beautiful. The
teacher may have learned a short cut through years of prac¬
tice, but he does not dare use it or the native will soon do like-

taking a course at the Moody Bible Institute, and is now the
manager of the Mission Press, at Elat, Cameroun, Afrique
Occidentale. The photographs from which the half-tones were
made were taken by the writer, and in a letter accompanying
the manuscript he sheds an interesting side-light on the con-

Bringing in the Logs for the Sawmill. The Motive Power.

wise and pi will result. Thinking out a problem is foreign to
them, and they want the job sketched and the sizes and kind
of type named.

They are not speedy, they are not overly accurate, but they
are very eager to learn, and their writing lessons, and arith¬
metic for printers, with practical work in proportion and use
of white space, are intensely studied so that by the end of their
apprenticeship they have learned by rote most of the things
the American learns by eyesight and initiative. Considering

ditions under which the work must be done. He writes:
“Conditions here are unspeakable for photography. There
is no ice to cool solutions, and even in the early morning they
are never under 70°, which is the exception. Then, we order
our goods from America in sealed cans for the tropics, and
they send them as they are packed for American use. Most
of my efforts have resulted in spoiled pictures, and the three
photographs that I am sending you were obtained after many
trials with a lot of damp paper.”

766

THE INLAND PRINTER

March, 1918

BY BERNARD DANIELS.

Percentage of Productive Time.

Many printers are in the habit of calculating the efficiency
of their plants in terms of percentages of productive time, and
of comparing these percentages at different periods in their
own plants and also with those of other plants. This is all
right provided the conditions are the same, and it is a desir¬
able method of keeping in touch with progress, but such is
seldom the case in different plants. The hour-cost is a better
comparison figure, because it takes into consideration varying
conditions of wages and overtime and differences in equipment;
but best of all is a comparison of both the hour-cost and
productive percentage, as then one checks the other.

One of the mistakes that printers make in calculating the
percentage of productive time is that they use the pay-roll
hours as the basis in many cases where the proper basis is the
machine hour, and so get a wrong idea of their efficiency in
the mechanical departments.

In departments or classes of work where no machinery is
used it is proper to base the productive percentage upon the
pay-roll hours, provided all, or nearly all, the employees receive
the same or equivalent wages. Where there is a great differ¬
ence in the wage scale between two groups of employees they
should be separated and each group treated as a separate
department, even though they may be working in the same
room and under the same foremen. This is now quite generally
understood by those printers who have cost systems.

In the machine departments the correct basis for com¬
puting the percentage of productive time is the machine hour
for the number of hours the factory was running — the pos¬
sible number of hours for each machine. For instance, a shop
running eight hours a day would have 48 hours a week for
each machine — • 208 hours a month, regardless of the number
of hours that were actually run or the wages that were paid
to the operative. A shop that usually worked 10 hours a day
and 5Q a week would have 255 hours a month for each machine.
If only 104 hours were actually used on productive or salable
work in the eight-hour shop, the percentage would then be 50.

Here is where errors occur, some men counting only the
pay-roll hours as the full basis amount and getting figures
which are deceiving in that the result is a much higher per¬
centage than the true one. If you worked 85 hours out of
100 hours for which you paid the pressman, your percentage
of productive time would not be 85, but 40.8. This throws
quite a different light on the high price that would be present
under such conditions, and shows just where to look for the
leak that is causing high hour-cost.

Should there be overtime it only increases the possible
hours of the machines kept in commission, and not of the whole
plant, unless the whole department has been ordered to work
overtime — this really increases the proportion of working
hours, as overtime is usually too per cent productive.

Do not try to fool yourself by taking pay-roll hours in the
machine departments or combining hours that are of variant
value, when you should be using machine hours or making

separate departments. It will not fool the cash account or
the profit and loss statement. Besides it will give figures that
are valueless in finding the real cause of the high hour-cost.

An efficient plant should show 75 per cent productive time
in the composing-room under the old style of management,
or 90 per cent with the new non-distribution method. A
pressroom should show 80 per cent productive efficiency.
Hand workers should have a productive percentage of from 80
to 85. A plant having these averages would be a really efficient
plant. But one month’s record will not be enough, it must be
continuous; and that is wffiy the cost system proves so valuable,
it keeps a constant tab on the results.

Composing-Room Depreciation.

The item of depreciation has long been a source of dispute
and argument among the advocates of various methods of
cost-finding and accounting; not because it was so very
abstruse or indefinite, but rather because the habit of years
in following the custom in other lines of business had led to a
wrong idea of the importance of the right method in the
printing business, and the habit continued without due investi¬
gation of the later and better methods.

All depreciation is based upon two facts that are not denied
by any one who has to do with cost-keeping or accounting.
The first of these facts is that everything wears out or decays
in time, and if in continuous use the wear and tear is greater.
All admit this fact, but there is considerable difference of opin¬
ion as to the time required to accomplish the wear and decay.
It is admitted that things worn and deteriorated by age are
less valuable than when new, and are therefore said to be
depreciated; the question is: “How much?” The next fact
is that things become old-fashioned and less valuable even
though not used and worn out or affected by decay and cor¬
rosion. We all know of perfectly new type that is valueless
because the particular face has gone out of fashion or become
obsolete. These two items rapidly decrease the value of the
tools of any business — some more rapidly than others, but
none are exempt.

In the composing-room we find two classes of material
which are affected by depreciation to a very different degree:
type, which is quickly rendered valueless whether used or not;
and fixtures and furniture, which are usable when quite old.
The question, then, becomes one of amount of allowance or
charge against these two classes.

In the ordinary course of operation, printers’ furniture and
fixtures will not wear out in twenty years — many plants
have stones, stands and cabinets that have seen much longer
use — but they will become obsolete, because of improvements,
in from six to eight years, perhaps less. This means that it
is good business to replace them in, say, seven years. Here
we have two factors to deal with in determining the amount
of depreciation: How much will it bring as secondhand
material? How much per year must we take as depreciation
to make good the difference? There is the question in a

March , igi8

THE INLAND PRINTER

767

nutshell. The junkman or secondhand dealer who would
give you 20 per cent of its invoice value would be exceedingly
liberal; therefore, it has depreciated 80 per cent in the seven
years, which is 11.43 Per cent a year — practically nlA per
cent. It is customary to lay aside 10 per cent per annum to
cover the depreciation, or replacement, and some even cut it
down to 10 per cent on the previously depreciated value.
You can see for yourself how inadequate such a figure is.

Now, when we consider the type, we find an entirely differ¬
ent state of affairs. Type left in the cases unused will depre¬
ciate quite rapidly, but when used as is usual in the average
print-shop it is often entirely worn out in a year, and the
majority of type lasts only two to three years. Oh, yes, there
are fonts in many plants that are ten or more years old and
which look almost as good as new; but the fact remains that
the average print-shop spends an amount more than equal to
its entire type equipment in renewals every four years, and
even those fonts that look so good are depleted of sorts and have
numerous battered letters. This means that the depreciation
on type is just 25 per cent. Carefully kept records in plants
endeavoring to do good work show that the expense of keeping
the plant up to standard is even greater, in some instances as
great as 30 per cent or more.

This means that we must set aside 25 per cent of the invoice
value of the type to cover renewals.

We now have a demand for xilA per cent for renewals on
the furniture and fixtures, and 25 per cent on the type. An
analysis of a number of composing-room inventories showed
that two-thirds of their investment was in type, so that we
have an average replacement value of about 21 per cent on
the total. Are you setting aside this amount every year?
Why not? This depreciation must be met, either by you now
or by your heirs or creditors later, when the final settlement
day comes, as it surely will.

The Daily Time-Ticket.

Judging from a number of letters received, this really most
important blank has not been given the serious attention that
it deserves and requires.

The first item of importance that goes on the cost-record
of any job is the figures showing the amount of time spent
upon it as reported on the daily time-tickets of the workmen
who have been employed on it during the previous day. If
these are not correct, then no other figures on that job can
be considered as right.

This being the case, it is very evident that it is essential
that all entries on the daily time-tickets should be accurately
made, and that any failure to put down the exact time and the
exact operation means that the omissions will be losses, while
overcharges may result in queering the customer.

It is, therefore, important that the time-ticket shall be so
designed that the workman will find it easier to make correct
records than wrong ones, and that these shall be made with
the minimum of mental effort. It is upon this idea that the
various time-clocks have been constructed, but these are too
expensive for the smaller shops, which are the most numerous,
and they must depend upon the proper character of time
ticket or sheet.

This great importance of the time-ticket is due to the fact
that the only thing that the printer buys and sells in his factory
is time (hours), and that all cost calculations are based upon
distributing the cost of doing business over the sold or
productive hours.

Of course, our customers desire the price in a lump or by the
thousand pieces, but there is no method by which a printer
can prorate his expenses over a miscellaneous business on a
per thousand basis without first ascertaining the hour-cost and
the production per hour, even though he were willing to pay
more for the clerical work required.

What we should do is to carry the hour-cost as now, and
exercise the greatest care to have the basic time-records
as nearly accurate as possible. Then we should educate the
customer to the idea of buying the product of our shops on
the right method of charging — cost plus a profit — giving
him only an approximate idea in advance of what he may
expect and refusing to tie ourselves down to a fixed quotation.

Keep your time-tickets so accurately that you are always
prepared to show them to a customer in case of dispute, and
have your cost system regularly audited so that the testimony
of the expert auditor may be available to prove the correctness
of the hour-rates. If all printers did this there would soon
be very few estimates asked for or given.

There is another feature of the accurate time-ticket that
is sometimes lost sight of, and that is its value as a guide in
handling future orders. If a time-ticket shows unusual delay
in the work, or if one shows production that is better than
usual, the reason should be written on the job-record. Thus,
when a repeat order is received, or a similar job is under dis¬
cussion, facts may be definitely known and the conditions
made right to correct the delay or continue the speeding up.

Don’t Crowd! — Just Push!

Nothing new in that, you have heard it often; but have you
ever heard it given as advice to advertisers, or used as a slogan
for advertisers?

No? Well, that is just what we are going to ask you to
consider about it now. Advertise, advertise, ADVERTISE,
has been dinned in your ears by many writers and speakers
until it would seem that the only thing for a printer to do was
to advertise to the limit and tell the public as much about his
business as possible, as often as possible, in as big type as
possible, so that no one could fail to see, or hear the shouting.
Now we are going to say, “Don’t crowd.” Ever notice that
when a number of people attempt to crowd through a gateway,
individual progress is delayed and forward movement retarded
by the consequent jamming of too many units in a small space,
and results are unsatisfactory?

Apply this simile to many of the advertisements that you
see issued by your competitors (of course, you never do any¬
thing so foolish). Notice how much less effective are those
which attempt to tell all about the business and what it has
to offer in one advertisement, as though the author never
expected to have a chance again, as compared to those which
offer some one item or tell a single fact about the house or its
product, or offer one special argument as to why the recipient
should deal with it.

Remember that the person in a crowd is always anxious to
get out of it as quickly as possible, and is intent on again
securing personal freedom and ease. Then consider that the
crowded advertisement has very much of the same effect, and
the reader skims over it and tries to get through it as soon as
possible or passes it on to the waste-basket unread.

Don’t crowd, just push. That is the solution. Just push
ahead and make one point at a time, push it home and keep
on pushing by repealed efforts until things begin to move in
the direction you wish, and then just push. A little and often
is the way we eat and maintain life; a little and often is the
way we attain a knowledge of those facts that constitute the
basis of an education; a little and often is the way we must
build up our businesses and do our advertising (that does not
mean a small space or a small advertisement).

The next time you sit down to prepare an advertisement
for yourself, remember that the average individual — and that
is almost every one — can only receive one idea at a time and
that is likely to be the last one of a series if a number are given
him at once. Therefore, the best advertisement for a printer
is one that forcefully expresses one idea about his wares and
makes that idea so distinct and plain that it stands out and

THE INLAND PRINTER

March, igi8

768

forces attention — pushes itself right into the reader’s mind
and brain. One of the most successful advertising campaigns
for a printer that we have seen consisted of thirty pieces, each
of which contained a short but pointed appeal regarding one
kind of printing, as cards, circulars, booklets, etc. They were
well printed, representing the usual work of the house, and
were mailed at frequent periods so that the name of the house
was kept almost continuously before the recipients until a class
of work was mentioned in which they were interested.

Try this slogan in your advertising department this year
and see that you keep constantly pushing, but don’t try to
crowd the buyer or the prospective buyer.

The Price-List Versus the Estimate.

There have been turning-points and crises in the printing
business at various times, but none so important as the present,
when the price of all material and labor entering into the
product of the printing-plant is so unsettled that it seems to
change from day to day, and when the working force is being
depleted in answer to the nation’s call.

This condition has resulted in making all previous prices
of printing untenable and given the printer the opportunity
which has been sought for many years of placing the business
on a business basis. In this, some see a reason for throwing
aside all fixed prices and making the best deal on every job that
can be made and get it; while others, less wise, act as though
they thought the printer should stand the loss and stick to
prices “same as last.”

Neither of these methods is absolutely right. This con¬
dition is one that should not be allowed to pass without taking
every opportunity to place the selling price of printing on a
right basis — a basis that will give the printer a fair profit on
the real cost of the material and work, after including the
reasonable fixed expenses of running his plant. There is but
one sure way of accomplishing this and that is what is generally
known as the “cost plus” method. Such a method, honestly
carried out, is the best protection for the printer and also the
fairest for the buyer. It gives the seller the full return for all
legitimate disbursements and exactly the profit which the
buyer is willing to allow on the sale (and every honest buyer
expects and desires that the seller will make a profit), while
it throws the burden of arbitrary changes and alterations, and
the cost of the loss of efficiency from badly prepared copy
and instructions, on the buyer, who is responsible for them, at
the same time giving him a chance to reduce the cost by
avoiding these extras.

There is nothing new about the “cost plus” idea, and it
would probably be in more general use in the printing business
if it were not for the fact that it requires the printer to have a
cost system that is standardized so that the buyer may have
confidence in its result. It is easy enough to say to the buyer
that a job cost so much for material and that the labor cost
a certain amount, to which must be added so much for over¬
head expense; but it is quite another thing to prove it to
him unless your cost system shows on its face that it is not
padded or arbitrarily proportioned to get certain effects.

The endorsement of the Standard cost system by the Fed¬
eral Trade Commission was a long step toward right prices and
fair profits, and the present market conditions are a good and
sufficient reason for inaugurating a general campaign for the
“cost plus” system of charging for our product.

Perhaps you will say that we have gotten a long way from
our subject as expressed in the title “The Price-List versus the
Estimate,” but let us see: The two methods at present in vogue
for selling printing are the price-list for small commercial work
and the estimate for larger jobs. At the present time, the
wisdom of a Solomon could not frame a price-list that would
stand for thirty days, unless it was manifestly unfair at the
start, and such a list would engender unfair cutting by some

and gouging by others. Such a price-making scheme would
fail of itself because the public would resent the frequent
changes that would be necessary, and no system of discounts
could be framed to care for the rapid fluctuations in stock.

Now, as to the estimate side of the question: We are
making estimates by many methods, including that of esti¬
mating the cost and adding the correct profit. Some are arbi¬
trarily using the figures of their competitors, others are using
the figures published by the organizations, a few are using the
figures found by adding what they think is a profit to the rates
found by defective cost systems, while the majority are just
guessing at a selling rate for the various operations. Yet these
are nearer to the right and the light than those who sit down
and use fixed price-lists.

The price-list is defective because it does not at any time
meet the true conditions except by accident. The estimate,
when based on actual figures, may vary in the judgment of the
estimator as to the time that will be consumed in doing the
work; but if it is given as an estimate (as all estimates should
be) and not as an arbitrary price, it is fairer to all than any
price-list can ever be.

When reduced to its essentials, the “cost plus” method is
the only one because it shows the cost in a manner comparable
to the estimate, and it is easy to show the buyer in just what
manner the difference was caused and to convince him of the
fairness of the resulting charge.

Again, the fact that a “cost plus” system must be based
upon a standard system of cost-finding also insures that the
office and its estimators will be in possession of data regarding
the rates of production in the different operations and unlikely
to make serious errors in judgment, so that the cost will come
out much nearer the estimate than under any other conditions.

Only approximate estimates should be given under any
circumstances, and all orders should be taken on the “cost
plus” basis under present war conditions; and by the time
normal conditions are resumed the habit will be so fixed that
neither the buyer nor the seller will want to go back to the old
uncertainties and disputes. This does not give much chance
for the “smart aleck” nor the “get the job at any price”
printer, but it will help every self-respecting printer to place
the trade where it belongs, among the professions, and it will
give him more regular profits by eliminating the unprofitable
order and spreading the overhead more justly.

THE NEWS.

A scholarly, yet practical, summing up of the laws governing
newspapers is contained in “The Newspaper and the Law,”
which is soon to be issued as Bulletin No. 15 in the Journalism
Series of Bulletins of the University of Missouri. The author
is Frederick W. Lehmann, LL.D., a leading member of the
St. Louis bar and former Solicitor-General of the United States.
First appearing in the form of a paper read before the School
of Journalism, Mr. Lehmann’s remarks appealed to his hearers
as covering the ground so adequately that it was decided by
the school to give them permanent form.

The bulletin is especially noteworthy for the manner in
which it clarifies the laws of libel for the general reader.
Contempt of court is also defined, the author pointing out to
what extent the laws permit newspaper criticism of court
proceedings. Summing up, Mr. Lehmann shows that great
freedom of the press goes hand in hand with great responsibility.
His points are reinforced by citations of important cases,
dating from early days in America to the present.

“The Newspaper and the Law,” like the other bulletins in
the Journalism Series, is intended for free distribution among
newspaper workers and other interested persons. Requests
for copies should be addressed to the School of Journalism,
University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.

EARTH AND 'SKYl r v

CAN DO NO M O RE/

AT FORT MADISON

MEN ARE NOW AT WO

- -

|H \\l \\\ t \\\ \ '

iil 13,1, I >' i ' ■■ 4 S, • , \ V, ' \ _

PUBLISHED BY THE GREATER IOWA ASSOCIATION

A Striking and Novel Cover-Design.

From the press of the Tri-City Lithographing and Printing Company, Davenport, Iowa — Original was printed in brown ink.

A Feather in our Cap

and Yours

Striking Cover of House-Organ.

The effective cover above shown is from the house publication of The Scherckvertising Company, St. Louis,
Missouri. The original was printed in two colors and gold, the gray tone in the upper panel here representing
the gold of original. The Quill is commented upon at length in the Printer’s Publicity department of this issue.

March , 1918

THE INLAND PRINTER

769

Under this head will be briefly reviewed brochures, booklets and specimens of printing sent in for criticism. Literature submitted for this purpose should^be
marked “For Criticism” and directed to The Inland Printer Company, Chicago. Postage on packages containing specimens must not be included in package
of specimens, unless letter postage is placed on the entire package. Specimens should be mailed flat, not rolled.

As an annual greeting to friends and customers,
the Robert L. Stillson Company, New York city,
sent out a beautiful little book, bound attrac¬
tively in boards, entitled “Seven Wishes.” The
copy was made up of short poems appropriate
to the good wishes, listed among which are
“A Cheerful Spirit,” “Work Enough,” “A Good
Appetite,” “A Bit of Amusement,” “Some Extra
Dollars.” and others, possessing which, none
could fail to be happy. On one right-hand page
the title of the wish would be printed; backing
this page, a short poem would be printed in
small type; and on the following right-hand page
a sentiment in prose appropriate to the title
would appear. The cover, herewith reproduced,
is particularly beautiful, the boards being cov¬
ered on the sides with imitation wood veneer,
representative of dark oak, India Japan being
used around the hinge. On the front cover the
title, “Seven Wishes,” was printed in black from
a hand-lettered plate, a star, printed in red,
squaring up the word “Seven” to the width of
the second line, “Wishes.” Below the title, the
work-mark of the company, in the form of a
poster stamp, was tipped, supplying a bit of
decoration which is not only pleasing but affords
valuable advertising to the organization as well.
The inside pages were printed on white stock in
gray of an olive hue, the initials, beginning the
prose sentiments, being printed in red-orange.

A S Y M P II O N Y
ORCHESTRA
IN TOUR HOME

An effective and imaginative conception — the first
page of a folder produced by Calkins & Holden, Incor¬
porated, New York city, for Estey Organ Company.
The original was printed in particularly pleasing colors.

6-5

For details concerning the beautiful small book,
cover of which is shown here, read review of Robert L.
Stillson Company, New York city, the printers.

All in all this book is one of the most handsome
printed things it has been our pleasure to examine,
our only regret being that we can not show it in
a fashion to give our readers a fair representation
of its quality.

The cover-design for the January issue of
Furnishing Fads, the house-organ produced by
Young & McCallister, Inc., for the Brownstein-
Louis Company, Los Angeles, California, is
particularly striking and effective. Printed in
black and blue on white stock, with a “bled”
border in gold around the page, it depicts a
winter scene in the mountains, with a hunter or
trapper, clad in Brownstein-Louis warm clothes,
trudging over the snow. It is reproduced on
this page. Young & McCallister printing is not
only good printing but effective advertising as
well, and something unusual may always be
looked for in the treatment of Furnishing Fads,
The Needle, the company’s own house-organ, and
all other work coming from the establishment.

Emu. George Sahlin, East Aurora, New York.

— Your business-card is distinctive, appropriate
indeed in every way for a craftsman.

Arthur J. Mansfield, Boston, Massachusetts.

— The specimens of holiday printing done by the
boys under your direction at the Boston Trade
School are exceptionally good, in fact quite an
improvement over the work which usually comes
from school printing-plants.

Walter Wallick, Champaign, Illinois. — The
“Illinois Day Celebration” booklet is satisfactory
in every respect save one - — there is too much
white space above the type on the opening text
page. The effect produced thereby is displeasing.

P. S. Foster, Elmer, New Jersey.— In general
effect, particularly as regards the colors used,
your Christmas greeting is quite pleasing. The
type-group on the third page is a little too wide
for the page, even though the type is not too
large for such use.

Carl J. H. Anderson, Amherst, Ohio. — The
Christmas-greeting cards and folders are all of
exceptional quality, hand-made stock being
responsible to no small extent for their pleasing
appearance. Very simple type arrangements are
all that are required to produce an appearance
of quality on hand-made stock.

H. S. Smith, Colorado Springs, Colorado. —
Both the specimens you sent us are worthy of
reproduction, but, unfortunately, the colors are
so arranged that the engraver can not make a
separation for that purpose in zincs, and much of
their attractiveness would be lost in half-tone.

We are indebted to A. B. Bissinnar, Columbia,
South Carolina, for a clever printing idea which
may offer a suggestion to others of our readers.
It is a menu for the Thanksgiving dinner of the
men of Company D, 321st Infantry, stationed at

Striking and seasonable house-organ cover, produced
by Young & McCallister, Incorporated, Los Angeles,
California. For details as to printing, read review of
the firm’s work which appears on this page.

77°

THE INLAND PRINTER

March , igi8

Camp Jackson, printed in the center of a paper
napkin, on which — around the menu — the
roster of the company was printed. The work¬
manship is good in every particular.

the Estey Organ Company, entitled “A Sym¬
phony Orchestra in the Home,” the title-page
of which is reproduced. The reproduction is an
injustice to the original which was printed in

beautiful colors, but it will serve to give our
readers an idea as to the character of the design.

R. C. Stuart, Ithaca, New York. — Unless
encouragement is a help we can not give you the

Getting the Best Out of Good Trucks

FIERCE-ARROW quality is insured
by systematic factory inspection of
workmanship and materials at every
step in the manufacturing process.

Pierce-Arrow performance is in¬
sured by systematic agency inspec¬
tion of truck operation in the service
of owners.

More than ever today when so
much depends upon the speeding up
of American industry, the impor¬
tance of this long continued Pierce-
Arrow policy is appreciated by
Pierce- Arrow owners.

Pierce -Arrow agency inspection
instructs and advises drivers and
garage mechanics. It suggests im¬
proved methods of routing, main¬
tenance and mechanical care. It
forestalls mechanical trouble due to
inexperienced drivers and careless
handling. It aims to keep every truck
in operation a maximum of time at
a minimum of cost.

Pierce -Arrow factory inspection
sees that you get good trucks. Pierce-
Arrow agency inspection sees that
you get the best out of them.

We have received from the Morris Reiss
Press, New York city, a collection of specimens
of representative work of the plant, examples
of which have been reproduced on these
pages from time to time. In the collection
were several which Mr. Reiss entered in a
contest conducted by the New York Union
Printer , one of which was awarded second
prize in that competition.

From Calkins & Holden, Incorporated,
New York city, we have received an excep¬
tionally fine collection of direct-mail adver¬
tising literature, comprising folders, booklets,
mailing-cards, etc., representative in quality
of the best that has been done along this line.
Particularly interesting are the specimens
prepared for The Pierce-Arrow Motor Car
Company, among them being a series of
striking folders, each of which emphasizes a
strong point in favor of motor-truck use and
Pierce-Arrow trucks. The titles of these
folders, “Confidence in Your Investment,”
“Speeding Up,” “Fixed Quality,” “Meeting
the Emergency,” “ Getting the Best Out of
Good Trucks” and “Adaptability,” give one
an insight into the character of their appeal.
The general make-up of each item in this
series is the same, variation being afforded
by change of illustration and color scheme.
One of the series is reproduced on this page.
A booklet, “Pierce-Arrow Enclosed Bodies,”
is especially pleasing. It is of a character
which suggests refinement and quality,
absolutely essential qualities in the adver¬
tising literature of a high-grade motor-car.
Another exceptional specimen is a folder for

outof
Good Trucks

iips^

The PIERCE-ARROW
MOTOR CAR COMPANY

Buffalo, N. Y.

(Above). Inside spread of striking folder — one of a
series — prepared for The Pierce-Arrow Motor Car Company,
Buffalo, New York, by Calkins & Holden, Incorporated, New
York city. (Below). Title-page of the same folder.

assistance you ask for, inasmuch as the
Christmas-greeting cards are excellent in
every way. Our only suggestion is that on
one or two, where there was considerable
copy, it would have been better to set the
text in lower-case instead of capitals, for a
reason that is obvious, no doubt, to you —
legibility.

From the Federal Advertising Agency,
New York city and Chicago, Illinois, we have
received a particularly fine form of holiday
greeting. It is a large folder, on the inside
of which, beneath a cut out photographic
mount, an exceptionally fine hand-lettered
arrangement of Marshall Field’s “The
Twelve Big Principles,” is printed. On the
front of the cover, season’s greetings are
printed on a tipped-on sheet.

The Lees Company, Advertising, Cleve¬
land, Ohio, has again forwarded the editor
of this department a collection of direct-
advertising forms produced under its super¬
vision from copy prepared by the organization.
Those who have seen examples of the product
of this organization heretofore need not be
told of its general all-round excellence. The
catalogue for The Crowell-Lundoff-Little
Company, bearing the imprint of the Bert L.
White Company, of Chicago, is a particularly
handsome piece of work.

D. B. Updike, of The Merrymount Press,
Boston, Massachusetts, sent out as his New
Year’s greeting a handsome folder, on the
first page of which the greeting was printed
from type below the title of the illustration,
“A View at Camp Devens, near Ayer, Massa-

March , 1918

THE INLAND PRINTER

77i

chusetts.” The illustration which appears on
the third page was printed in beautiful and deli¬
cate colors from a wood engraving by Rudolph

“menu” was printed in gold and the type-matter,
a quotation from General Pershing, was printed
in brown. The limitations of reproduction in

half-tone make it impossible to show beautiful
examples of color printing in one color or we
would show this specimen here. We hope our

Kirschbaum Clothes

A DHER1NG, as in the past, to the
all-wool principle, we announce
the readiness of the Kirschbaum
line for Spring and Summer, 1918.

By making early and adequate
yardage provision, we are enabled
to offer a wide selection of mer¬
chandise covering what is now the
popular price range for clothing of
established standards.

Your most thorough consideration
is requested of the style models
and fabric swatches which will be
laid before you at an early date by
Mr. Terry Peel.

A. B. KIRSCHBAUM COMPANY

Philadelphia New Vork

Inside spread of large folder by the William F. Fell Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Ruzicka. The illustration^depicts^soldiers
at drill, with onlookers, at the National Army
cantonment, barracks of the camp forming
the background.

Those who are fortunate enough to be on
the mailing-list of the William F. Fell Com¬
pany, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, see some
wonderfully fine printing. No concern in
the world does better work. The difficulty
is that much of it is in colors, so arranged and
of such nature that an attempt to reproduce
it would be unfair to the producer. The
printing executed by the Fell organization
for the Lehigh Portland Cement Company
and the A. B. Kirschbaum Company is of the
best quality and must surely redound to the
benefit of the customers. We are reproducing
the inside pages of a folder, the pages of
which, in the original, were nine by twelve
inches in size, and which was printed in light
brown and black on India tint antique laid
paper of good quality.

Coquemer, Paris, France.— We acknowl¬
edge with grateful appreciation the large
collection of beautiful specimens of printing,
the product of your plant. Refinement and
taste are evident to a high degree in the
various patriotic cards, which are effectively
and strikingly designed as well. Colors
chosen are delightful in every instance,
particularly so in the menu title-page. To
give our readers an idea of the original we
will state that the design was printed on light
brown cover-stock. The bands running
across the page were, in order, blue, white
and red, the glorious tri-color, of which we
are all so proud, the flag under which civiliza¬
tion was saved at the Marne. The leaves
around the panel were outlined in gold and
filled in with a soft light green. The word

Title of folder to enclose greeting printed on a second folder,
designed and printed by Coquemer, Paris, France. The text
on the stamp tipped inside the blind-stamped panel is a tribute
to the United States from General Petain. The ribbon is of
red, white and blue stripes, the line of type at the bottom was
printed in gold and the stamp was printed in colors. The stock
used is heavy white hand-made cover-paper.

friend and ally across the water will favor us
with more examples of his work.

From E. R. Lokey, chief printer of the
United States submarine base, San Pedro,
California, we have received some excellent
specimens of printing, both as regards
typography and presswork. In the upper
left-hand corner of Mr. Lokey’s personal
card he has blind-embossed a device made
up of a submarine inside a life-buoy, through
which a harpoon extends. An interesting
item in the collection is a calendar, at the
top of each sheet of which half-tone illustra¬
tions are printed, showing scenes and jackies
about the base of the under-water craft.
This specimen, particularly, is prized by the
writer, who doffs his hat to the tars on every
occasion.

H. O. Akers, Hamilton, Ontario. — A
plain border would have been preferable to
the highly decorative, spotty border you
used on the “Good Printing” blotter. Such
borders, being so prominent, detract from
the more important type-matter, which
should not be handicapped in performing its
function - — that of conveying information.
Text, missal or uncial capitals should be
used only for beginning words, as they are
so difficult to distinguish by the average
person that reading is a task. The type
used is too large, especially for the text-
matter, creating an effect of congestion
which is not only displeasing, but difficult
to read as well. Use more white space and
give your type breathing room. Note
blotter which appears on page 774.

D. M. Benton, Macon, Georgia. — -The
“Gala Halloween Night” card is striking,
interesting and effective. You exercised
good judgment in using a light tint of blue

772

THE INLAND PRINTER

March, igi8

Te$T IMPRINT

WINTER

MDCCCCXVn

XVIII

PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY
TAYLOR & TAYLOR - 404 MISSION STREET
SAN FRANCISCO

is also good. The neatness and dignity of the
form make it particularly adaptable to bank
advertising. The fine rules at either end of the
line “We invite” are superfluous, and constitute
the only blemish on the blotter. These should
be removed, and, instead of the words “We
invite” only being displayed, the entire sentence
of which those words are part should be empha¬
sized. Of course there might have been a desire
to “camouflage” the idea, in which case the two
words displayed could be left as they are without
the rules, but, because of the close connection
between them and the remaining words of the
sentence, there should be less space between
that line and the one below.

The Lake Shore Press, Sandusky, Ohio. —
The blotters are a little too complex in design
through the use of too many decorative features
— and in the excessive use of color — to score
effectively. By simplifying the borders in some
instances, and by eliminating decorative units
incorporated therein for no other purpose than
to fill space, the type could be made larger, hence
more readable, and the added white space would
make that type stand out. The decorative
features subordinate it. We note on the blotter
“You Can’t Lose Him,” the linear border used
had to be spaced in places to fit in with the
surrounding rules, which causes a displeasing
break to appear in the border. This should have
been considered in marking the size of the border
of rules, which should have been made up to fit
the unaccommodating, unchangeable size of the
linear border.

We have received from Wardwell, “printer-
man,” Portland, Maine, a large collection of
holiday-greeting cards and folders which he
produced for his customers during the recent
holiday season. In general, they are of high
quality. We see no good reason, however, why
Mr. Wardwell should go to the expense of
printing the sentiment on his personal card,
“The best year ever,” in a weak gray, making
it rather difficult to read, and throwing the
entire design out of balance as to tone, when
results would have been much better had the
type been printed in black, along with the larger

Title-page of winter issue of the T &T Imprint, house-organ of Taylor & Taylor, San Francisco,
California, demonstrating effectually that most pleasing effects are obtained by the simplest form
of arrangement. Ornament was printed in red on original page.

for printing the exceptionally bold design, set
in Publicity Gothic with a harmonious decorative
treatment. Printed in black ink, this design
would have been ordinary indeed — and quite
too bold. In the grouping of the several items
on the page, and in the relative prominence
given them, your arrangement of the school
catalogue cover-design is better than the other
copy you sent us.

After the showing of pages from the winter
issue of the T & T Imprint, house-organ de luxe
of Taylor & Taylor, San Francisco, made in the
department of “Printer’s Publicity” last month,
it seems that no further evidence need be given
of the superior quality of this edition. We are
desirous at all times, however, of showing our
readers examples of the best effort along typo¬
graphic lines, and for that reason are showing
two other pages from the publication. To our
readers who overlooked the “Printer’s Publicity”
department of the last issue we recommend that
they take it up again. Furthermore, while that
department is primarily interested in printing
from an advertising standpoint, rather than from
the standpoint of typography and design, we
suggest that friends and devotees of this depart¬
ment follow Mr. Martin’s work closely, as in it
they will find many ideas worth while to them.

J. Orville Wood, Cleveland,
Ohio. — The folder announcing
your book, “The Theory and
Practice of Printing,” would be
more pleasing if the lines of the
inside pages were uniformly
spaced. Most of these lines are
set solid, consequently crowded,
while those alongside the initials
are spaced too widely. Space
should be the same between all
lines on a page. The leaded lines
would not be at all bad if space
between words were wider to con¬
form to the space between the
lines, but, unfortunately, spacing
between words is not as it should
be. We do not admire the use of
a stronger color for printing
initials than used for the small
type matter. It effects a striking
difference in tone and makes the
initials too prominent.

The Watts Press, Indian¬
apolis, Indiana. — The patriotic
blotter for the Lee State Bank is
most assuredly a pleasing job of
printing, and the advertising idea

N EXTREMIS

TILL DAWN THE WINDS' IN •
SUPERABLE THRONG
PASSED OVER LIKE ARCH¬
ANGELS IN THEIR MIGHT-
■WITH ROAR OF CHARIOTS
FROM THEIR STORMY
HEIGHT-

AND BROKEN THUNDER OF
MYSTERIOUS SONG- —

BY MARINER OR SENTRY
HEARD ALONG
THE STAR-USURPING BAT¬
TLEMENTS OF NIGHT —
AND WAFTURE OF IM¬
MEASURABLE FLIGHT-
AND HIGH-BLOWN TRUM¬
PETS MUTINOUS 6? STRONG -

A specimen reproduced in full size on an inside page of the T & T
Imprint. The border was originally printed in gold and the items here
shown in brown were printed in red, producing a rich effect.

March , 1918

THE INLAND PRINTER

773

First page of striking folder by The Bachmeyer Press, Cincinnati, Ohio. The original was printed in colors on
gray cover stock; the page size was io by 13 inches.

part of the illustration. On another, the longest
sentiment of all, he used capitals exclusively,
notwithstanding the fact that capitals make for
slow and difficult reading. These are, of course,
minor details, but it is attention to minor details
that makes good printing possible.

As a boy, when some one apprised the writer
of something on the order of papaws, wild grapes,
etc., which he had found in the vicinity of
home, but which we had never run across — and
when we indicated our surprise — - the lucky lad
would remark, “O, the woods are full of ’em.”
We are tempted to apply the same remark when
some printer, doing a high grade of work — yes,
a decidedly high grade of work — sends specimens
to us for the first time. We often wonder if
printers — many of them, we mean — hide their
light under a bushel as effectively from their local
potential customers as they do from us. In the
case of The Bachmeyer Press, Cincinnati, Ohio,
however, The Inland Printer seems to be the
only party kept in the dark, for the initial con¬
tribution of that firm to this department is made
up of two remarkably fine examples of advertising
designed to promote business for the company
In typography, in color use, in good advertising
sense and in format as a whole, these specimens
deserve a place alongside the best effort in
printing. It is a joy to look them over. One
a booklet entitled “The Right Equipment for
Fine Printing,” and the other a folder, “Where
Fine Printing is Done Efficiently,” supply
absolutely incontrovertible evidence of the ability
of the Bachmeyer organization to turn out the
best of printing. The booklet, which is 5P4 by
7J4 inches in size, has a particularly distinctive
cover-design, printed in unusual colors — but
colors which, for their softness and harmony,
could hardly be improved upon. The cover-
stock is a light brown and the design is printed
from a harmonious middle-value blue and a
variation of terra cotta. The arrangement of the
inside pages is effective and pleasing, a view in
the plant being shown on each one. The folder
was also printed in colors, on heavy, gray cover-
stock with a deckled outside edge, double folded
to the size of ten by thirteen inches. The
reproduction of the title of this folder does scant
justice to the original, but we want to give our
readers an idea of the character of this work. We
are advised that The Inland Printer is now
on the Bachmeyer mailing-list, so perhaps we
will soon be able to show reproductions from
specimens where the color separation will not
make it impossible to show the work in its true
value and to the credit of the house.

B. W. Radci.ifte, Macon, Georgia. — Your
work, as we have stated before, is all that good
printing should be. We admire it. The two
patriotic cards, one used as a stuffer by The J. W.
Burke Company, your employers, and the other
designed to be attached to electric lights to “ save
juice,” and which was sent out to Macon business

firms by the company with its compliments,
are especially good. One is shown. The office
stationery embellished with holiday decoration
represents a good idea, one many firms could use
to advantage during the holiday season.

Theodore P. Wilson, Winchester, Massa¬
chusetts. — The design for your several stationery
forms, hand-lettered, arranged
by Charles Capon, formerly of
the Amsden Studios, Cleveland,
Ohio, but now back in Boston,
is quite distinctive and well
executed. As stated before in
these columns, Mr. Wilson, who
publishes The Winchester Star
and operates a job -printing
department in connection, uses
a new design for his bills and
statements each month. In
this connection, he writes as
follows: “I have continued
this through the year and find
that it brings considerable com¬
ment from my customers — - also
increased orders in creating a
desire for a change in their own
stationery.” For January, Mr.
Wilson sent out bills embellished
with holiday decorations, one of
which bears the words “Greet¬

ings 1918,” the design being printed in season¬
able colors, green and red.

From W. M. Young, illustrator for advertisers,
we have received two interesting folders; on the
second page of each is a good illustration of a view
inside the loop district of Chicago, printed from
line etchings over solid backgrounds printed in
brown, tooled to emphasize the high lights of
the illustrations. This part of the work is
deserving of the highest praise. On the third
page of each the advertising-matter is printed
from etchings of hand-lettering. The work in
this respect is interesting, but hardly as readable
as most advertisers would like, for, in the letter¬
ing, the artist has followed out an old canon of
the letterer’s craft which specifies that round
letters such as “o,” “e,” “c,” etc., should be
wide, whereas letters such as “m,” “n,” “h,”
etc., which can be compressed, be made thin.
This changing the form of letters in a word
represents poor judgment, for, although it makes
for novelty, it also makes the matter difficult to
read and irritating to the reader. Novelty should
not be obtained at the expense of legibility.

Again we are indebted to Fuller & Smith,
operating a general advertising office in Cleveland,
Ohio, for a large collection of direct-advertising
forms prepared by that clever organization. It
would require more space than we have available
to recount all the good qualities found in the

Card to be hung to electric lights. Designed, printed and mailed as a
patriotic conservation effort by The J. W. Burke
Company, Atlanta, Georgia.

774

THE INLAND PRINTER

March , igi8

specimens making up this collection, that is, to
the extent that such a recounting would prove
helpful to our readers. Since all are printed in
such colors, and in such a way, that, however

difficulty experienced in reading it. The man
w'ho said the obvious so concisely, “Type was
made to read,” must have gained Mr. Hunt’s
ear, for readability is a valuable attribute of his

is lost in a needless effort to square that line up
to the length of another, as you did the figures
“1918” on The Inland Printer design. This
line need not have been the full length of the

1917

NOVEMBER

1917

Sun

Mon

Tur

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

The ten Bosch Company •‘Printers
1 21 Second Street • San Francisco
Telephone Sutter 2317

F a fool be associated with a wise
man even all his life, he will perceive
the truth as little as a spoon perceives
the taste of soup.

■a

Readable type and generous white space make this blotter by Haywood H. Hunt especially pleasing.

beautiful and effective in the originals, satis¬
factory reproduction can not be made, we can
not reproduce them. Sufficient to say, however,
that no better work is being done in this line, a
fact that clients of the company have, no doubt,
found true, to their own satisfaction. While, of
course, Fuller & Smith, being
advertisers and not printers,
did not do the printing, that
company is responsible for the
high quality of the product.

Knowing good printing and
supervising the production of
it are absolutely essential if an
advertising organization is to
be successful, and the Fuller &

Smith organization appears to
score in this respect, as well
as in others, if the specimens
we refer to are an indication.

Readers of this department
were introduced to the work
Haywood H. Hunt is doing
with The ten Bosch Company,
of San Francisco, California,
some months ago when several
of his exceptionally simple and
effective designs were shown. Mr. Hunt has
lately sent us another large collection of specimens
to look over and we assure the gentleman that it
was with great pleasure and satisfaction that we
did so. Practically all of his work is done with

work. Several interesting specimens are repro¬
duced,1 not by any means the best, but those
which, in our judgment, will prove most valu¬
able in suggestion to all our readers.

Alvin E. Mowrey, Du Bois, Pennsylvania. —
The specimens sent us are of average quality.

All are good except the cover-designs for The
American Printer and The Inland Printer,
on each of which the type-matter is overshadowed
by the decoration to such an extent that the
former is fairly stifled. The fact that the colors

one above, “March,” and, without letter-spacing
the effect would be better throughout. The
border around The American Primer design is
altogether too complex and forceful. It is not
pleasing. Large masses of matter should not be
set in capitals exclusively, as you handled the
card for Robert B. Esseltyn
Company, expecially because
capitals are difficult, to read.

F. J. Fuhrman, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania. — The booklet,
“Historical Sketch,” is an
ambitious production and, for
the most part, is well executed.
We do not admire the use of
uncial capitals for the title.
Such letters are good for the
beginning of words, but to
letter or set in type entire
words in them results in an
illegible, unattractive line or
mass. The ornament on the
cover is printed backwards as
regards the use of color. The
darker brown should have
been used where you used the
lighter brown and vice versa.
We believe it would have been better to use two
instead of three colors on the cover, as the effect
gained by' the use of the third is unworthy of the
expense and effort expended in its use. We
suggest that the middle brown be eliminated,

The ten Bosch Company -^Pr inters

izi Second Street • San Francisco,California
Telephone Sutter Z317

John R. ten Bosch

A simple but interesting business-card, also by Mr. Hunt.

Offices

1 2 1- Second Street
San Francisco

The ten Bosch Company

'Publishers of

War Tax

Publishers

Printers

Engravers

A letter-head design which is all that could be desired, yet so simple and easily done as to suggest to some that insufficient effort was put upon it.

the two excellent roman faces, Cloister Old Style
and Caslon. All his work is intelligent in every
respect; it is not only pleasing in appearance
and inviting to the eye, but goes further and does
not place a strain upon the eye because of any

used for the border on The Inland Printer
cover are not strong, makes it the less offensive
of the two designs, and if the type were larger
the result would, no doubt, be pleasing. It is
not good taste to so letter-space a line that unity

the bulk of the ornament to be printed in the
dark brown along with the type and lettering,
the lighter brown being utilized for the border
and the tint portions of the ornament. The lines
of the title-page could be raised one pica with

March , igi8

THE INLAND PRINTER

775

an improved result. Type-pages are satisfactory
— although lines are not uniformly spaced — and
the border is pleasing and appropriate.

During the past month we have received from
Harry W. Leggett, Ottawa, Ontario, a collection
of good hand-lettered motto-cards
which he has executed from time
to time, practically all of which
have heretofore been reproduced
in The Inland Printer. Mr.

Leggett recently reprinted a
number of copies of each of them
to be sold at a charity bazaar, his
contribution, no doubt, to some
worthy war relief enterprise. In
writing us, Mr. Leggett stated:

“ Possibly I shall not do any more
of them, so, before they go, I am
sending you a lot for yourself with
the idea that possibly you will
find some of them sufficiently
interesting to keep.” He sur¬
mised rightly, for we have retained
certain of them for several years,
and are more than glad to get
those we did not have. We
have long considered Mr. Leg¬
gett one of the shining lights of
Canadian printing craft. Along
with the motto-cards, he sent
some little forms, of which he
correctly writes: “I am sending
you copies of three little forms
which 1 think- demonstrate that
typography does not always need
elaborate decoration, nor even the
second color, to produce attractive
results.”

J. Henry Stephany, Brooklyn,

New York. — The business-card,
in which your name, as written,
appears in reverse on what seems
to be a daub of ink or paint, is
quite unique and striking. It is
reproduced in the hope that it
will offer a suggestion for adapta¬
tion by other readers.

The Stoll Printing House,

Detroit, Michigan, took the war
message of President Wilson as
copy and with it got out a hand¬
some brochure to send to friends
at Christmas time. The book is
covered with Japanese hand-made
stock of a deep red color, on which
a rule border and an ornament, in the center of
which the dome of the Capitol at Washington
appears, are printed in a deeper shade of the
same color as the stock, and the title, “The War
Message of President Wilson,” above the orna¬
ment and inside the border, is printed in gold.
The book is tied with a cord harmonizing with
the color of the stock. All the pages, which are
printed on Strathmore De Luxe, are double-
folded and on the page following the title-page,
and facing the first page of text, a large portrait
of President Wilson is tipped.

This specimen is one of several
received during the past two
months which are representative
of the best work possible in the
graphic arts field, a specimen
which demonstrates that printing
can indeed be a work of art if
intelligence and skill are combined
with good paper. The book is
by 13K inches in size, the
cover extending beyond the inside
pages. It was sent out in a card¬
board box, neatly covered with
rich brown paper.

The Holmes Press, Philadel¬
phia, Pennsylvania, is conducting
quite an extensive campaign for
more business, and several of the
units have heretofore been repro¬
duced and commented upon in

this department and the department of “Printer’s
Publicity.” Now comes a six-page folder
entitled “More Evidence,” on the three inside
pages of which, and also on the back page, which
folds inside, actual and complete specimens of

Howard Van Sciver • ^ppograpljer

7 wo Hundred CP Eleven IH °st Freemason Street • NOR FOLK, VI RGI NIA

An unusual letter-head arrangement by Howard Van Sciver, Norfolk, Virginia.

booklets and poster stamps produced by the
company are tipped, heavy green cover-stock
being used for the folder. On the first outside
page, an effective title appears and below each
specimen, on the folder itseP, good advertising
logic is printed, in one case the following being
used: “There are many ways of making a
booklet. The result depends on the method and
brains used in its production. Are the best of
these too good for your business?” The high
quality of workmanship and the good taste and

A novel business-card.

judgment manifested in all the units heretofore
received presage the success of the campaign.
The printer has exceptional advertising oppor¬
tunities, not having to be content to show a
picture of his product, but being able to show the
actual product. Many others could
follow the lead of The Holmes
Press in submitting “more evi¬
dence” in the form of concrete
examples of what they can
accomplish for buyers of printing,
especially advertisers. The ex¬
ample of taking a dose of his own
medicine has its effect also.

George O. McCarthy, Gor¬
don, Nebraska. — Some of the
specimens are good, but others
are subject to improvement,
particularly as regards the align¬
ment of initials. In using initials
of well defined outlines, the top
of the letter or block should align
exactly with the top of the first
line alongside, and the bottom of
the letter, or block, with the
bottom of the last line alongside.
On the Mildred Stepp card, “The
mission of art,” etc., the initial
is too high, and it does not align
at the bottom with the bottom of
the last line at its side. The
Journal card, “The mintage of
wisdom,” etc., illustrates another
improper use of an initial that
might easily have been corrected
with a resultant improvement in
other respects. The bottom of
the initial does not line up with
the bottom of the last line along¬
side. There is too much space
between lines, by reducing which
the initial could be easily brought
into alignment. Margins are too
small on this card, which prompts
the suggestion that had smaller
type been used, resulting in more
white space at the sides, the dis¬
tribution of white space would
have been better throughout.
Where the plain letter “T” is
used as an initial, the lines along¬
side should not be indented, as is
customary on full-faced letters
and squared block initials, inas¬
much as the white space on the
letter itself is sufficient to indicate that the
letter is not part of any word except the first.
In like manner, when the letters “A” and “L”
are used as initials, the letters should be mortised
at the top to admit of running the first line close
to the letter itself, succeeding lines to be set
flush to the type block.

Harry W. Osgood, Jersey City, New Jersey. — •
The Christmas issue of The Mirror , published
and printed by pupils of the vocational depart¬
ment of public school No. 24, is very good indeed.

The text pages are pleasing and
readable, a good size of type, gen¬
erally well spaced as to words and
lines, facilitating reading. We
note that in some cases, how¬
ever, the lads have not spaced all
words of a line uniformly, in one
or two instances the space neces¬
sary to fill out and justify the line
being placed between the last
two or three words. It is espe¬
cially important that beginners
should be taught careful spacing,
for, if they start out with the idea
that “it don’t make much differ¬
ence,” they will generally wind
up as indifferent spacers and,
therefore, poor compositors. The
cover-design, evidently printed
from hand-cut blocks, is especially
pleasing and appropriate.

Interesting Hand-Lettered Letter-Heads by Monroe Printing Company, Huntsville, Alabama.

March , 1918

THE INLAND PRINTER

111

BY J. L. BRAZIER.

In this department the problems of job composition will be discussed, and illustrated with numerous examples. These discussions and examples will be
specialized and treated as exhaustively as possible, the examples being criticized on fundamental principles — the basis of all art expression. By this method
the printer will develop his taste and skill, not on mere dogmatic assertion, but on recognized and clearly defined laws.

Result of Advertisement Contest.

The contest in the composition of a small advertisement
announced in the department of “Newspaper Work,” of our
December issue, was particularly for printers employed in
country newspaper offices. We did not want them to be
compelled to compete with the printers of the cities, who
generally have a larger equipment at their command and
better type-faces to work
with. The copy selected
was from an advertise¬
ment which appeared in
a small town newspaper,
typical of the general
run of such advertising,
and for that reason the
result of the contest
should prove especially
interesting to printers so
situated, and the repro¬
duction of the specimens
should prove helpful in
suggestion to them.

We are somewhat dis¬
appointed in the quality
of specimens entered in
the contest, and, as there
were none that stood
out particularly, and as
among many there was
little room for choice,
some readers will no
doubt disagree with the
awards of the judges.

No fairer means of deter¬
mining the result of a
contest could be devised,
we feel certain. Seven
judges were given all the
advertisements and were
instructed to select the
five which they consid¬
ered the best, and to number these in order from one to five
as the entries appealed to them. The judges were instructed
to base their decisions on everything essential to a good news¬
paper advertisement — appearance, display, legibility, ease of
comprehension, etc. For that reason the most pleasing
typographic form, the advertisement wherein the canons of
art as applied to typography were followed most consistently,
did not win a prize. Likewise, some well-displayed advertise¬
ments did not land because they were poor from a typographic
standpoint. Although none of the seven judges selected the
same advertisement for first place, we feel that the composite

Harvest Dishes

AT BOTTOM PRICES

Closing Out Old Patterns

Glass Water Sets. All styles and prices
Glass T umblers, from 3c up to 50c each
Jelly Glasses and Jelly Molds
Mason Fruit Jars and Jar Caps

Big Assortment

of Guaranteed Aluminum- Ware
at Reasonable Prices

LEMONS, special price, 12 for 20c

Bishops’ China House

Next to the Biggest Store in Monmouth

First Place.

No. si. — K. A. Stoltey, Newark, N. J.

award eliminates the influence of personal preference as far
as possible among specimens of almost equal merit, and makes
the decision just and fair.

The score was determined in this manner: First place by
one judge entitled a specimen to five points; second place to
four points; third place to three points; fourth place to two
points; and fifth place to one point. While, as stated, no two

judges selected the same
specimen for first place,
it is obvious that the
specimen which received
the highest rating by the
most judges deserved to
win out. Several of the
specimens entered were
given places by three
judges, some by only
two, and others by only
one; but of the seventy-
five advertisements we
received, only nineteen
were considered by all
seven of the judges, which
goes to show that the
decision simmered down
to a comparatively few.
Each judge made his
decision without knowl¬
edge of the choice of any
other. All of the nineteen
advertisements awarded
a place by any one judge
are reproduced on these
pages, and the number
of points earned by each
and their rank can be
determined quickly from
the judges’returns below.

The selections of the
judges follow in the order
of their choice:

F. J. Trezise, superintendent, Bert L. White Printing
Company, Chicago: 1, No. 41; 2, No. 40; 3, No. 39; 4,
No. 42. (No fifth choice made).

J. M. TenBrook, superintendent, Henry 0. Shepard
Company, Chicago: 1, No. 13; 2, No. 41; 3, No. 51; 4,
No. 39; s, No. 48.

E. N. Coolman, foreman, Bert L. White Printing Company,
Chicago: x, No. 49; 2, No. 50; 3, No. 42; 4, No. 16; 5,
No. 48.

Harry Hillman, editor, The Inland Printer: 1, No.
53; 2, No. 51; 3, No. 16; 4, No. 40; 5, No. 49.

the inland printer

March, igi8

778

•jtiimmiimtii

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iiti:3iiiiiiiiiin:3iiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiitiiiiminiiiiiiiiu)iiiiiiiiiiiit]iiiiiiiiMtic3iiiiiiiiniic«l

Closing Out

Harvest

at Botto

Glass Water Sets — all
styles and prices.

Glass Tumblers from
3c up to 50c each.
Mason Fruit Jars and
Jar Caps.

Old Patterns

Dishes

m Prices

Jelly Glasses and Jelly
Molds.

Big assortment of guar¬
anteed Aluminum-
Ware at reasonable
prices.

LEMONS 12 for 20c

Bishops’ China House

Next ro the Biggest Store in Monmouth

Harvest Dishes
at Bottom Prices

Closing out old patterns. Glass wa¬
ter sets. All styles and prices. Jelly
Glasses and Jelly
Moulds. Mason Fruit
Jars and Caps. Big
assortment of guar¬

anteed Alumnuim-ware at reason¬
able prices. Lemons, special price,
twelve for twenty cents.

BISHOPS’

CHINA HOUSE ess]

HARVEST DISHES

Closing out Old Patterns at

Bottom Prices

Glass water sets Glass tumblers

All Styles and Prices. From 3c up to 50c each.

Jelly glasses and Mason fruit jars

JELLY MOLDS AND JAR CAPS

ALUMINUM -WARE — Big Assortment of guar¬
anteed Aluminum -Ware at Reasonable Prices.

LEMONS, Special Price, 12 for 20 C

Bishops’ China House

NEXT TO THE BIGGEST STORE IN MONMOUTH

No. 40. — Fred E. Preye, Jersey City, N. J.

No. 39. — Ben Wiley, Charleston, Ill.

No. 47. — Edmund F. Krauss, Newark, N. J.

Closing out old patterns

Harvest Dishes

at bottom prices

of guaranteed

Aluminum-

GlassWaterSets.

GlassTumblers from 3c

reasonable prices

to 50c each. Jelly Glasses

Lemons,

and Jelly Molds. Mason

SPECIAL PRICE.

12 for 20c

RIS1

Fruit Jars and Jar Caps

LTA'PC’ CHINA

tlUlO HOUSE

^ ^ l-IOO'Ol .to

MONMOUTH

No. 13. — S. Smolka, Jersey City, N. J.

Bishops’

Chinai^House

Harvest Dishes at Bottom ‘Prices

Closing Out Old ‘Patterns

j.w'!,, / LEMONS \

\ tz 'for 'ioc ) j.‘op.

ALSO CONSIDERED
BY THE JUDGES

THE reproductions on this
page are of some of those
advertisements entered in the
contest which, while not win¬
ning prizes, were given points
by one or more judges. The
showing is interesting, particu¬
larly as it illustrates how dif¬
ferently identical copy may be
arranged. From the dignified
and conservative No. 48, which
is pleasing and artistic, but
weak from a publicity stand¬
point, to the blazing and novel
No. 45, which is too revolu¬
tionary, we see all varieties
of advertisement composition.
Contributors whose advertise¬
ments were designed along
conventional lines after the
fashion of the first-prize winner
may wonder why a “ freak ”
arrangement, such as No. 45,
was given any consideration.
One judge only gave it one
point, no doubt because of
the influence of its novelty
and interest arousing value.
Points earned by each adver¬
tisement may be determined
upon reference to returns of
judges on the preceding page.

Harvest Dishes

At Bottom Prices

Closing Out

Old Patterns

Glass Water Sets

Mason Fruit Jars

All Style! and Pricei

and Jar Caps

Glass Tumblers

Big assortment of

from 3c up to 50c each

guaranteed

Jelly Glasses

Aluminum -Ware

and Jelly Molds

at reasonable prices

Lemons, Special Price, 12 for 20c

Bishop’s China House

No. 50. — H. R. Lischer, Waverly, Iowa.

Harvest -Dishes

At BOTTOM PRICES

CLOSING OUT OLD PATTERNS

CjLASS Water Sets—

Jelly Glasses and

all styles and prices

Jelly Molds

CjLASS Tumblers —

from 3c up to 50c each

Guaranteed Aluminum

Mason Fruil Jar,

Ware at reasonable

and Jar Caps

p"c"

Lemons, special price, 12 for 20c

BISHOPS' CHINA HOUSE

NEXT TO THE BICCEST STORE IN MONMOUTH

No. 30. — A. E. Schneider, Galesburg, Ill.

❖ .

No. 48. — Morris Reiss Press, New York city.

HARVEST DISHES

Closing out Old Patterns at

Bottom Prices

Glass water sets

All Styles and Prices.

Glass tumblers

From 3c up to 50c each.

Jelly glasses and

JELLY MOLDS

Mason fruit jars
and jar caps

Aluminum-ware

Big Assortment of guar¬
anteed ALUMINUM-WARE
at Reasonable Prices.

Lemons, special Price, 12 for 20c

Bishops’ China House

E BIGGEST STORE IN MONMOUTH

harvest

dishes

at bottom prices

bishops

china house

next to the biggest store in monmouth

big assortment
of guaranteed
aluminumware at
reasonable prices

Harvest Dishes

AT bottom prices

Closing Out Old Pattern

Glass

Water Sets

Jelly

Glasses

and

Jelly Molds

Aluminum

Ware

Glass

Tumblers

Mason
Fruit Jars

and

Jar Caps

Lemons

Price

12 for 20c

No. i 6. — Edmund F. Krauss, Newark, N. J.

No. 45. — H. W. Hawley, Monmouth. Ill.

BISHOPS’ CHINA HOUSE

No. 57. — H. \Y. Baldwin, South Elgin, III.

iiii:]iiiiiiiiiiiiciiiimiiiiii:ii

iMUiiiiiiiiiiiiciiiiiiiiniiicmi

iiii::uiiiiiiiiiic3iiiiiiiiin>ci

March, igi8

THE INLAND PRINTER

779

John M. Larking, foreman job-printing department,
Henry O. Shepard Company, Chicago: i, No. 68; 2, No. 30;
3, No. 42; 4, No. 57; 5, No. 45.

j. L. Frazier, associate editor, The Inland Printer:
1, No. 51; 2, No. 47; 3, No. 53; 4, No. 49; 5, No. 40.

John C. Ciayton, Clayton Advertising Service, Chicago:
1, No. 2; 2, No. 20; 3, No. 47; 4, No. 64; 5, No. 68.

Summing up, it is found that
the entry of K. A. Stoltey, Newark,

New Jersey, No. 51, received the
most points, twelve, and is entitled
to first prize.

The entry of S. Smolka, Jersey
City, New Jersey, No. 41, was
second with nine points.

Three advertisements — No.

42 by the Morris Reiss Press, New
York city; No. 49 by F. A. Burns,

Pasadena, California, and No. 53
by Samuel A. Bartels, Chicago,

Illinois — tied for third place with
eight points each.

It will be noted above, and
from the reproductions on page
780, that Mr. Clayton’s selections
are widely at variance with those
of the other judges. Since Mr.

Clayton has made a pronounced
success in the direct-advertising
field, and as he was a printer of
exceptional talent before that, his
opinions are worthy of considera¬
tion. While printers are apt to
overlook advertising features to a certain extent in their
admiration of good typography, in like manner the advertising
man is likely to discount the value of good typography in favor
of strong and striking effects — for a “smash” as he terms it.

“The contributor of advertisement No. 2, which I have
given first place, has surely got the unusual in the introduction
of the typewriter type for the items with prices. He has also
given good display to the feature of the advertisement, ‘Harvest
dishes at bottom prices — closing out old patterns.’ This
advertisement will, I believe, be read and acted upon where
the more formal type of composition would be passed by.

“The contributor of No. 20 has
taken for his main display what
undoubtedly is a strong feature
in the mind of the advertiser,
‘ Lemons, special price, 12 for 20c.’
To the thrifty housewife, especially
at a time like this when economy
is the watchword, this head-line
would undoubtedly have quite a
tremendous appeal. The display
of this advertisement is unusual.
It is easy to read all that the
advertiser has to say. Of course,
it is open to criticism because of
the lower-case ‘ b ’ beginning the
advertiser’s name, and the lower¬
case ‘ m ’ starting the name of the
town. This, it seems to me, is
carrying the desire for novelty
too far — and without purpose.

“In advertisement No. 47 we
have an entirely different type of
display. But the reason I have
selected this for third place is on
account of the admirable use of
white space. For example, we
have the feature of the advertisement, ‘Lemons, special price,
12 for 20c,’ in twelve-point, yet, because of the display of the
rest of the advertisement, and the clever way in which the
whiting of the matter has been handled, this line stands out

HARVEST

DISH!

at bottom prices.

Big assortment

Closing out old patterns.

of guaranteed

Aluminum-

Glass Water Sets. [andsSS]

Ware at

Glass Tumblers from 3c
to 50c each. Jelly Glasses

reasonable prices

Lemons,

SPECIAL PRICE,

and Jelly Molds. Mason

Fruit Jars and Jar Caps

12 for 20c

BISHO]

PS’

China House in Monmouth

Next to the biggest store

Second Place.

No. 41. — By S. Smolka, Jersey City, N. J.

Harvest Dishes at
Bottom Prices

Closing Out Old Patterns

Glass Water Sets Glass Tumblers

All Styles and Prices From Sc up to 50c each

Jelly Glasses and Jelly Molds

Mason Fruit Jars and Jar Caps

Big Assortment of

Guaranteed Aluminum-Ware

at Reasonable Prices

Lemons, Special Price, 12 for 20c

Bishops’ China House

Next to the Biggest Store in Monmouth

No. 53. — By Samuel A. Bartels, Chicago, Ill.

Harvest §

Dishes-

At Bottom Prices |

Closing Out Old Patterns 1

C. Glass water sets -all styles and prices

Glass tumblers from 3c up to 50c each |

Jelly glasses and jelly molds. Mason fruit
jars and jar caps. Big assortment of |

1 LEMONS

at reasonable prices p

Special Price

j \ 2 M 20^

BISHOPS’™

Next to the Biggest Store m MONMOUTH p

No. 42. — By Morris Reiss Press, New York city.

Tied for Third Place.

HARVEST DISHES
at BOTTOM PRICES

Closing Out Old Patterns

GLASS WATER SETS — all styles and prices.
GLASS TUMBLERS from 3c up to 50c each.
JELLY GLASSES and Jelly Moulds.

MASON FRUIT JARS and Jar Caps.

Big assortment of guaranteed ALUMINUM
WARE at reasonable prices.

Lemons , special price, 12 for 20c

Bishops’ China House

Next to the Biggest Store In Monmouth

No. 49. — By F. A. Burns, Pasadena, Cal.

Mr. Clayton’s specimens surely have the said “smash” —
more, perhaps, than many consider desirable — and in support
of his decisions he has written as follows:

“There are two fundamentals in newspaper advertising, as
I look at the matter — unusual display to attract attention to
your advertisement in the mass of advertisements appearing
on the page, and the bringing out of the vital feature in such
a way that the reader immediately grasps what you are driving
at and is impelled to read the remainder of the advertisement.
(Of course, there is the curiosity-appealing advertisement,
which comes in a different class from those we are reviewing.)

clearly. Moreover, the head-line, ‘Harvest dishes — closing
out old patterns at bottom prices,’ is extremely legible.

“The contributor of No. 64, to whom I have awarded fourth
place, has gone right to it, so to speak, in that he has made a
display of the wording, ‘ Glass Tumblers from 3c up to 50c each.
This is a distinct appeal to thrift. But, I wish this man had
used better judgment with the matter inside the panel by
eliminating some of the rules and indenting part of his matter
so that it would have been more easily read.

“Advertisement No. 68 is one of the finest examples of
grouping, with a view to legibility, that I have seen. The

THE INLAND PRINTER

March , igi8

780

border at the top and bottom fits in admirably with the type
used. Any compositor who wants an excellent example of
grouped display with a view to making every part of the
advertisement readable would do well to study this specimen.

“Let it be distinctly understood that the advertising value
of an advertisement has first appeal for me. If, however, in

HARVEST

DISHES

AT BOTTOM PRICES

CLOSING OUT OLD PATTERNS

Gifts 6 Tumblers
from 3c up to
50c Each
Big Assortment
of Guaranteed
Aluminumware
at Seasonable
Prices

--Mason
Pruit
Jars and
Jar Caps
--Lemons
Special
Price 12
for 20c

--Glass
Water Sets
All Styles
and Prices

Bishops China House

Next to the Biggest Store in Monmouth

lemons

yrt 12 for 20c

.... harvest diahes at bottom prices

closing out old patterns

glass water set®, all styles and price®
glass tumblers from 3c up t© 56c each
.... big assortment of guaranteed
aluminum ware at reasonable price©

mason fruit jars . and jar caps

jelly glasses ..*. .. and jelly moulds

bishops loi"

next to the biggest store in monmoufih

No. 2. — H. W. Hawley, Monmouth, Ill. No. 20. — H. W. Hawley.

The Selections of

addition to being a strong advertisement from this point of
view, it also has the feature of correct typography, it, of course,
is that much better.

“The standard of the seventy-five advertisements sent in
is remarkably good. If more of the contributors had thought
of the purpose of the advertisement — what the advertiser
was trying to do — -I believe they would have succeeded in
getting a higher place.”

Those who entered specimens in the contest are as follows:
H. W. Hawley, Monmouth, Ill.; George A. Robinson, Mon¬
mouth, Ill.; William J. Putthoff, Kansas City, Mo.; Chester
Graham, Jersey City N. J.; C. Harry Eckert, Allentown, Pa.;
Victor Wooldridge, Kansas City, Mo. ; C. W. Hurson, Laurens,
S. C.; S. Smolka, Jersey City, N. J.; Fred Atkinson, Hamil¬
ton, Ont.; Morris Reiss Press, New York city; Edmund F.
Krauss, Newark, N. J.; Chalmer Runkle, Greenville, Ohio;
Carl Roessler, Allentown, Pa.; Harold J. Sonntag, Allentown,
Pa.; Arthur Tock, Dwight, Ill.; S. L. Bojasse, Raleigh, N. C.;

C. E. Ruffin, Raleigh, N. C.; A. E. Clark, Gordon, Neb.; S. S.
Ott, Springfield, Ohio; A. E. Schneider, Galesburg, Ill.; A. A.
Leland, Westboro, Mass.; F. P. Dress, Philadelphia, Pa.;
James M. Ramsey, Pasadena, Cal.; Harry Carpenter, Allen¬
town, Pa.; John M. Huntz, Chilton, Wis. ; Ben Wiley, Charles¬
ton, Ill.; Fred E. Preye, Jersey City, N. J.; R. W. Haylett,
Royal Oak, Mich.; Carol Schaffer, Allentown, Pa.; H. R.
Lischer, Waverly, Iowa; E. A. Burns, Pasadena, Cal.; K. A.
Stoltey, Newark, N. J.; W. A. Ackerman, Fond du Lac, Wis.;
Samuel A. Bartels, Chicago, Ill.; Chester A. Lyle, Allentown,
Pa.; Charles F. Skelly, Altoona, Pa. ; C. Garrett Meirs, Allen¬
town, Pa.; H. W. Baldwin, South Elgin, Ill.; Paul S. Wel-
terick, Ft. Dodge, Iowa; G. Lemelin, Quebec, Que.; J. D.
MacLachlan, Toronto, Ont.; F. S. Ward, Baldwinsville, N. Y.;
Otis E. Goble, Findlay, Ohio; Leo K. Williams, Omaha, Neb.;

D. C. Walker, Wichita Falls, Tex.; S. Williams, Newark N. J.;
Charles McKeever, New York city; Thomas Carroll, New
York city; Edw. Steigelman, Mt. Healthy, Ohio; Joe Phillipe,
Bellevue, Ky.

Calendars Received,

The following firms have favored The Inland Printer
with their calendars for the year 1918, all of which are
appreciated both for their practical value and as representative
high-grade work in the graphic arts: The Sullivan Printing
Works Company, Cincinnati, Ohio; Stettiner Brothers, New
York city; Massey-Harris, Toronto, Ont.; Crane & Co., Dalton,

Mass.; Wild & Stevens, Boston, Mass.; Castle-Pierce Press,
Oshkosh, Wis.; Government Printing Bureau, Ottawa, Ont.;
Jeannette Publishing Company, Jeannette, Pa.; Brock-Haffner
Press, Denver, Colo.; The Baltimore News, Baltimore, Md.;
Clarence S. Nathan, Incorporated, New York city; Gray
Printing Company, Fostoria, Ohio; The Waupun Leader,

TUMBLERS

from

HARVEST DISHES
AT BOTTOM PRICES

CLOSING OUT OLD PATTERNS

MASON FKTOf JAES AMS 3&M 0ATC
JELLY GLASSES AITS JELLY MOULDS

Cents
up to

I BIG ASS0ETMEMT of GUARANTEED 1

| ALUmHTTMWASg a£ Rasaonablo Prises |

Glssa Wslte S-sU, All Siylas sad Mas
LESSONS, SPECIAL PEIOS 12 TOE m>

BISHOPS

CHINA HOUSE

Cents

Each

Next to the Biggest
Sicre in Monmouth

No. 64. — H. W. Hawley.
an Advertising Man.

CPISI Big Assortment

jJ Pattern® of Guaranteed

Aluminum

T *-% ■*» rf-h at Reasonable
TV cl -I Prices
Harvest
Dishes

B©£t©m
Price®

Bishops £5

bsabqm r&mr jam am® jae oafs

J2LL7 GLAS8X8 AMD JMXY MOTOM
Gto Wsta? 'Seta, All Styles md Pds®8
©lass Tarablers from 8® tap to BOa £&c&
LEMONS. SPKOXAL PSIOS 12 TOE 20®

No. 68. — H. W. Hawley.

Waupun, Wis.; The C. F. Heller Bindery, Reading, Pa.;
William F. Fell Company, Philadelphia, Pa.; Jay Printing
Ink Company, Incorporated, Brooklyn, N.Y.; H. C. Goettsche,
expert accountant, Chicago, Ill.; J. C. Blair Company,
Huntingdon, Pa. ; Oscar F. Jackson, Lansing, Mich.; Standard
Printing Company, Providence, R. I.; Duggan Printing
Company, Oshkosh, Wis.; The Commonwealth Press,
Worcester, Mass.; Goldschmidt Thermit Company, New
York city; The Printing Art, Cambridge, Mass.; Anthony &
Egloff, Rochester, N. Y.; John Royle & Sons, Paterson,
N. J.; Paper Box Manufacturers’ Trade Journal, The Shears
Publishing Company, Lafayette, Ind.; St. Bride Foundation
Printing School, London, England; Tokyo Tsukiji Type
Foundry, Tokyo, Japan; Eilert Printing Company, New York
city; Bourke-Rice Envelope Company, Chicago, Ill.; Boston
Trade School, Boston, Mass.; The Holmes Press, Philadelphia
Pa.; Ye Cloister Print Shop, Chicago, Ill.; The Charles
Francis Press, New York city; The Stone Printing & Manu¬
facturing Company, Roanoke, Va. ; The Paper House of New
England, Springfield, Mass.; Sierra Paper Company, Los
Angeles, Cal.; The Herald and Weekly Times, Melbourne,
Australia.

SOME SAYINGS OF SUCCESSFUL PRINTERS.

From “ Printing for Profit.”

The printer who has his heart in his trade will take more
pleasure in the ownership of a well-equipped printing-house
than he would in the possession of fine horses or houses. —
Theodore L. DeVinne.

My advice to every one in business is to study costs. Learn
what the overhead expense is, and the production per hour
of every operation, and then have enough nerve to make a
price sufficiently high to afford a legitimate profit. — • 5. Rees.

Profit-making in the printing business depends on the
individual who owns the business and his ability to master
his problems, and to extend his personality by the use of
competent assistants. — Edward Stern.

I believed it a duty to see that a profit was secured from
every piece of printing, because of a realization that if there
was no profit it would sooner or later be a case for the sheriff. —
Charles Francis.

There can be no profit in a printing, or any other business,
until it is first perfectly understood what is “Profit,” and
there can be no profit without close cooperation among all
departments of a business. — C. Frank Crawford.

March, igiS

THE INLAND PRINTER

781

_ —

^ — 1

H44A11AAI KJLJL lAm4iiAlAAAliAl>;

THE PRINTER'S PUBLICITY

BY FRANK L. MARTIN.

Printers Awake to Opportunities.

The first of the new year finds the printing-trade of this
country sending out publicity, practically all of which contains
as its dominant feature the command: Advertise! This
necessity for advertising, under conditions that are as abnormal
as they are today in the business world, is emphasized and
treated in as many different ways as there are printers issuing
publicity-matter, but each preaches the same sermon on the
gospel of advertising values. There has never been a time
when advertising generally was so
essential to a nation’s business as it
is now. There never was a time
when direct advertising could be so
advantageously used as at the present
time. In pointing this out in ably
written arguments, as printing firms
are now doing, there are going to be
many converts to direct advertising.

Large organizations that have never
before made use of mail advertising
literature will be induced to try this
method, concerning which they may
have been inclined to be skeptical,
with the result that they will retain it
ninety-nine times out of a hundred,
because they will realize what most
students of advertising have known
for some time, that it has a permanent
place in all advertising campaigns.

Bringing in these new direct advertis¬
ing recruits means, of course, a greater
volume of business for the printers.

But it means more still. It becomes
a matter of public service when an
enlarged use of advertising results in
the stimulation of business to many
concerns throughout the land.

The writer knows personally of a
community in which the retail stores
adopt an odd policy in regard to
advertising. Let some advertising solicitor visit the man¬
ager of any of these stores on the day that the manager
happens to be doing a thriving business, and has his place
filled with customers, and the solicitor will leave with an order
of generous size. But if it happens to be a dull day when the
solicitor calls, nothing in the world could induce these managers
to advertise. This, it seems to me, would represent well the
policy of the nation’s business should it refuse to realize the
necessity of advertising under present conditions.

Printing establishments, naturally, are directing their appeal
toward the increased use of direct-by-mail advertising. It
reflects to their credit and affords a proof of their advertising
knowledge that they are not advocating it to the exclusion of

all other kinds of advertising. The immense value of direct
advertising, if properly and extensively used, has been proved
beyond any doubt. It has its place and occupies a larger
niche now than ever before, because of the lack of salesmen,
because of economy and other reasons, in the advertising of
all concerns, large or small. It seems fortunate, indeed, that
the printers now engaged in an effort to increase its use and to
stimulate business are not following the mistaken idea that it
must, or can, be substituted for all other kinds.

Getting More Business.

The Brown, Blodgett & Sperry
Company, St. Paul, Minnesota, has
issued a little book with the title,
“Getting More Business with Fewer
Salesmen,” which is an excellent piece
of advertising both in appearance and
in contents. With board covers in
red and white, sA by inches
(Fig. 1), and printed unusually well
on a high grade of stock, it falls in
that class of publicity and advertising
literature that compels reading. The
secret of getting more business with
fewer salesmen is to intensify sales
methods, and the way to do that,
according to the writer, Mr. Harvey
A. Blodgett, is to make wise use of
direct advertising.

The dozen or so pages of the
booklet are filled with persuasive,
paragraphed arguments that ought to
convince business men that they can
use direct advertising to a greater
advantage now than ever before.
That Armour is doing it, the writer
uses as one of his arguments. He
says, after describing the help prob¬
lems that the business concerns face
today because of the war:

“It is a matter of keeping up sales with fewer salesmen.

“What is the remedy that will help this distressing situa¬
tion? What will get business when salesmen are scarce?

“Armour says the remedy is to stimulate mail business.

“We echo, direct advertising — the intelligent, intensive
use of the printed word.

“Armour & Co., which firm employs an army of salesmen,
has adopted a policy of intensive, direct-by-mail publicity,
not to take the place of salesmen entirely, but to offset the
shrinkage in the sales force and to keep orders coming in at a
normal rate.

“What does it indicate, if not the intensive use of the
printed word — good direct-by-mail publicity? ”

Getting

MoreBusmess

i uif/t

fewer Salesmen

Fig.

THE INLAND PRINTER

March, igi8

What Armour is cited as doing in the foregoing is only a
sample of what many other firms in this country have been
doing since the war came upon us. It was only recently
that mention was made in this department of how a large
printing establishment was using the same method to help out
the depleted sales force. Many other printing hrms, in
addition to the Brown, Blodgett & Sperry Company, called
attention last month to specific firms which have adopted the
policy of what this firm calls intensifying sales methods, or
using direct advertising. It is an indication of the rapid
development and growth
of this method of adver¬
tising since the war,
although direct advertis¬
ing has enjoyed a steady
growth in the last five
years. If all those firms
now adopting it for the
first time will make use
of it wisely and under
the guidance of qualified
printers and advertising
firms, it means a growth
that will be permanent,
and hence an increase in
the printing business in
the years to come.

The Brown, Blodgett
& Sperry Company’s new
booklet gives many prac¬
tical ideas on the ques¬
tion of the use of direct
advertising, and it is a
valuable contribution to
the literature which deals
with the matter that is
now being distributed by
the printers.

More Business.

The December issue
of James, Kerns & Abbott
Company’s house-organ,

More Business, contains
an able argument for the
use of the printer’s prod¬
ucts in advertising. It is
not based on present
business conditions, but
it demonstrates quite
clearly how catalogues,
folders and all the other
forms of printed litera¬
ture can be used as an
adjunct to personal salesmanship. We quote from the article:

“Each year, expense of selling becomes a more serious
problem. Statistics show that salesmen’s calls at present
cost from $i to $8 each, and it is a difficult matter in most
lines of business to find men who can make a satisfactory
showing on this basis. No business man, therefore, can afford
to overlook anything that will reduce the cost of distribution.

“The salesman is a reaper — not a sower . It is the

duty of his house to find a field.

“If this work is delegated to the salesman, he has little
time for the real business of selling; if his house precedes him
with mailing-folders, however, his prospects are educated as
to the merits of his goods; a receptive attitude toward his
proposition is assured and it only remains for him to clinch
the argument and complete the sale.

“Another useful function of the mailing-folder in reducing
selling costs is the elimination of waste effort. The return
post-card affords the prospect an easy method of requesting a
sample, asking for a catalogue, or expressing his interest in
some other form. It stands to reason that the salesman who
follows up these live leads will close a far greater volume of
orders than he who ‘goes it blind’ and is forced to spend a
large share of his time and energy finding his own prospects.

“The salesman who is backed up by mailing-card or folder
campaigns is swimming with the stream; the salesman without

such backing is bucking
the current. Given two
men of equal strength,
which will make the
greater headway?”

This particular argu¬
ment for the use of
printed material as a
selling force has been
given at some length here
in the belief that it may
prove helpful to others
in getting out printers’
advertising literature. It
was written for More
Business by A. M. Collins.
We await with interest
further articles from his
gifted pen.

The December issue
of the house-organ is
unusually attractive in
appearance and is quite
worth while as to its
contents. Among other
things it prints a concise
statement of the new
postal rates along with
a schedule of the parcel
post rates as they apply
to the different zones.
There seems to be a
belief among many per¬
sons that there has been
an advance in the postage
rates on the third-class
matter, and publicity to
correct this belief on the
part of printers will be
helpful in maintaining
and increasing the use of
all advertising literature.
The cover was printed in
green and red and it
includes an appropriate winter scene in half-tone. One of
the text pages is reproduced. (Fig. 2.)

Good and Bad Printing.

The writer has never had the opportunity of seeing a piece
of printing quite so badly done as the one the Herbert C. May
Company, of Houston, Texas, exhibits as a specimen of poor
printing — the kind you won’t be able to get from its plant.
But we are willing to give the company credit for circulating
an original piece of advertising literature, even if it has
exaggerated the kind of printing the buyer may get if he
“shops around” and pays no heed to cost and quality.

The company has issued a folder, glA by 12 inches, which
is designed to show by comparison the difference between
printing of quality and cheap printing. On the front is

MORE BUSINESS for DECEMBER

ONE IN A THOUSAND

BEHIND the front office, behind the supervision
which your orders get from us, a great mechanical
equipment awaits the work there is to do. And be¬
hind that equipment are men who have been trained
for their jobs.

Our day-light press¬
room is one in
a thousand. Its
array of cylin¬
ders makes one
realize that
right here/we
have a plant
which is out of
the ordinary.
There are nine big
presses in this room,
eight of which are fed
automatically. That
means that, after our expert
workmen have a job ready for run¬
ning, all that is necessary is turning
on the power. The machines, with
accuracy and perfection, under the
watchful care of these men, do their work the way progressive
business men want it done.

When you get out printing or advertising matter the copy
must be strong, the composition attractive and the presswork well
done. If any of these is not up to the standard then they all
suffer on account of it. Don't take any chances with your printed
matter and advertising literature, place it into hands where super¬
vision, equipment and trained men put it over in a way that will
make it accomplish the desired results.

Expert
pressm .
watch i
nark

FJG. 2.

March , igi8

THE INLAND PRINTER

783

presented the company’s treatment of a piece of copy (Fig. 3),
which represents typographically the firm’s ideas of good
printing. It is “dressed in keeping with the stability of the
house.” Critics of good printing possibly might find some
faults with the May Company’s treatment of the copy, but
on the whole it is pleasing and harmonious typographically.
Turning inside the folder you find the same copy turned into
a product that represents the worst in typographical arrange¬
ment, paper and printing (Fig. 4). By comparison, anyway,
it makes the May Company’s treatment, as against the way
some cheap printer might have handled it, look like a gem.

Anything that tends to educate the buying public on the
advantages of good printing and combats the cheaply-printed
product performs a worthy service. The original folder of
the May Company will be effective in such a campaign.

“ The Quill.”

The Scherck-vertising Company, St. Louis, believes in
“practicing what it preaches.” Through its house-organ.
The Quill , it argues for the use of house-organs by all business
concerns as one of the best forms of advertising. Any person
who gets the wrapper off of the issue of The Quill at hand is
bound to open it up and read the appeal on the two pages
within — perhaps not, however, until he has spent some time
in looking at the most attractive front cover.

Pat said to Mike, “You act
so “damn” loud I can’t hear
what you talk.”

B3PLIES with as great force to other
things. man's dress, appearance <25,
air of prosperity displayed in his place
of business, the demeanor of his employes,
the looks of his printed matter— all speak for
or against him.

No matter how well the copy- is written
and prepared, if it is not dressed in keeping
with the stability- of the house, the message
and the firm are discounted to that extent

* Possibly the reason some capable executives
permit their house to be misrepresented by
“cheap” printing is; the purchasing is. left to
another who is not aware the great influence
the dress of the message has upon its effec¬
tiveness, or that it may be a reflection upon
the standing of the firm.

But the party receiving the message judges
the firm by the cheap company- it keeps.

Herbert C. cTWay- Company- ■ Better Ptmttn

*15 Lumbermans H»nk Bldg. Houston, Texas Phone VtmtHS W

Fig. 3.

The cover of a house-organ bears somewhat the same
relation to the publication as the title to a play or a book, the
head-line to a news story in the daily paper or the make-up of
an advertisement. It must attract and then induce further
reading. The design on the front cover of The Quill does all
of that and does it admirably. I regret the colors are such
that it can not be reproduced.

The Scherck-vertising Company is prepared to turn out
any kind of advertising literature that one may want, but the
company is a great believer in the value of house-organs and
makes a specialty of this form of advertising literature.

“House-organs have passed the experimental stage,” the
company says. “They are proving to the business man that
these ‘private magazines’ are a most effective means of
attracting trade to one’s establishment and are therefore to
be commended as a bona-fide, profitable investment.”

The company then calls attention to the sort of house-
organs that it can furnish to any line of business as a part
of an advertising campaign, the kind that “make good.”
The Quill does not enter into any discussion as to the value

What—

Pat said to Mike, “Yoii act
so “damn loud I can’t hear
.what you talk.”

APPLIES, with as great force' to ott^er
$1 things..-c4 man's dress, appearance ®.

- S3 air of prosperity di.splayed.in bis place

•of business, ihfr demeanor of his employes,
the looks of his’printed matter — all Speak for
or against him.

No matter- how well the copy- is written
and prepared, if it is not dressed in keeping
with the stability- of the. house, the rr e'svge
■ and the firm are discounted to that extent.

Possibly the reason serve capable e.xecc 1
permit their house to be r.i; represented by
“cheap” printing, is; the purchcfjflg'i' itU .o
another who is not awat e the peat influence
the dress of the message, has upon its effec¬
tiveness, or that it may be a reflection h'non
the standing of the firm.

But the party receiving the message judges
„ the firm by the cheap company- it ketj.-

NO — We wouldn't put our naive to tfciiy

^T'HOth* above may be an extreme uauv.ple of poor
A printing — the question before the home i»: "Do
YOUR messages represent or misrepresent yoo?"

Fig. 4.

of house-organs and as to the reasons why they form effective
advertising, but it might well have done so to a limited extent,
unless, of course, this is its opening gun in a campaign for
house-organ printing business. The average business concern,
not making use of a house-organ, but which would be in the
market for producing one, may not be so familiar with the
character, uses and merits of such publications as one is inclined
to think. Something that would have enlightened the prospect
as to the real value of house-organs might have been included
in the contents and been more persuasive than the mere
statement that they are of value.

Certainly, though, the company can have no fear in
distributing The Quill as a sample of the sort of house-organ
it can produce, judging from design, quality of printing and
typographical make-up and appearance. From this view¬
point The Quill is exceptionally well executed.

Mulls Musings.

About this matter of advertising under war conditions — -
and most of the publicity-organs of the printers are wisely
hammering away on the question — Mulls Musings, for
January, issued by the Mullowney Printing Company, of
Minneapolis, says:

“When President Wilson’s speech was dropped into the
German trenches by aviators, the Allies paid a direct compli¬
ment to the effectiveness of direct advertising as a weapon
of offense.

784

THE INLAND PRINTER

March , 1918

“How about the morale of your prospects — any signs of
weakening — or do you keep it high with timely direct
advertising?”

Then again:

“Winchester Arms Company (with nothing to sell until the
war is over) are building future customers by advertising to
boys.

“The Pullman Company (in the face of government
control) seeks the good will of the public for both present and
future business.

“Automobile companies
(many of whom are over¬
sold and out of raw mate¬
rials) simply must maintain
the friendship of potential
customers by steady adver¬
tising.

“A dozen, yes, a thou¬
sand, different lines of busi¬
ness — all of which are
sailing uncharted, war-time
seas — are nailing the good
sail ‘Advertising’ to the
mast, determined to keep
going because there is land
somewhere and you do not
get to it by standing still.”

Japan Paper Company.

As a greeting for the
new year the Japan Paper
Company of New York and
Philadelphia sent out small
folders bearing a reproduc¬
tion of a Japanese color-
print (Fig. 5). This scene,
showing the occupant of a
sampan being tossed about
in the sea before the sacred
mountain, Fujiyama, sym¬
bolizing human life as a
voyage over troubled seas,
as is the Oriental view¬
point, is an excellent example of the modern and attractive
color-prints produced and so much admired by the Japanese.

TO KEEP JOB-PRESSES IN GOOD CONDITION.

BY THOMAS F. WHITEHEAD.

Presses and counter should be oiled well every morning.

Do not get oil on the roller-tracks.

The small stud-roll running on the inside of all Gordon
cams should be oiled twice a day.

Keep oil holes free from dirt and paper dust. A good plan
that the writer has seen worked to advantage is to have small
wooden plugs to fill large oil holes. They do not cost anything;
it requires only a few minutes’ labor to make one, and they can
be quickly and easily replaced if lost.

Do not allow the fountains to run dry, even for a moment
— running a fountain without ink is like running a press with¬
out oil. One turn of the fountain without lubrication might
cause a serious cut in the roller.

The teeth of gears, inside of camways and the rocker-slides
should be washed with benzine once a week to prevent particles
from cutting the bearings. This is particularly applicable to
the inside of large cam gears on Gordons and the rocker-slides
on Universal, Victoria and Colt’s Armory machines. One of
the worst faults of Gordon pressmen is the habit many of them
have of allowing ink to dry in fountains and on fountain rollers.

To make a bad matter worse, they will run the fountain with
the hardened ink on the iron rollers and expect to get good
clean work when it is really impossible to get a good adjustment
of the screws.

Do not expect to get an adjustment on a fountain if the
space between the blade and the casting is filled with hardened
ink. Some fountains are made almost fool-proof, but the
ingenuity of the average Gordon feeder to do a thing wrong
when his mind is on the big league games is simply wonderful.

Do not allow the feeders
to put the locks in the
wrong way.

Do not let the fountain-
arm hang free and start the
press up. After using foun¬
tain on a heavy form, be
sure to reset the two adjust¬
ing screws before starting
on a light job. It is a
common occurrence to see
a pressman jam his foun¬
tain-blade against the roller
and then wonder why he
can not get a good adjust¬
ment. The real secret of
adjusting an ink-fountain
lies in the spring of the
blade. When the blade is
first set into the fountain it
should be set far enough
away from the roller that
when the screws are tight¬
ened they will spring the
blade to meet the roller,
then when the screws are
loosened the blade will auto¬
matically work back along
with the screw.

To avoid buckling a
fountain, begin to tighten
the screws from the center
and work to the ends.

In making a vignette
half-tone ready on a Gordon or a Universal press, make cuts
about .007 below type-high, which would be about postal
card thickness, and set rollers by gluing strips of card¬
board on the roller-tracks until the rollers are just touching
the form. Thick orange shellac is a good adhesive to make
cardboard stick to the roller-tracks. Now, take an impres¬
sion on a sheet of light super book and one on a sheet of
French folio. Make a cut overlay, using the book for the
heavier or darker parts of the illustration and the folio for
the medium, pasting the heavy on the spot-sheet first, then the
medium tones over the heavy. After pasting this overlay on
the tynrpan, pull another impression on a good super stock,
using this as your spot-sheet. Draw your rings from the out¬
side edge and work to the center of the cut, marking the weak
spots in the type on the same sheet and filling all marked spots
with tissue-paper. Use paste sparingly. Any weak spots now
showing on the work may be brought up with tissue on the
surface of this sheet. The writer has tried many so-called
make-readies, such as shaving thick cards, tooling plates, etc.,
and has found when the above make-ready would not make a
good soft vignette the others would not work. If the plate is
shallow it will have to be taken off the block and an interlay
placed between block and plate to bring up the weak parts.

If a job is to be run with a border around the outer edge,
the chances are the pressman will have a bad blur to contend
with. This blur is caused by the air between the sheet and the

Fig. 5.

March, igiS

THE INLAND PRINTER

7§5

printing form. Drill a hole through the rule to allow the air
to escape and the blur will disappear. If a sharp, snappy noise
is heard at every impression, the pressman may find an im¬
pression screw stripped or broken.

If the platen on a Gordon press is working in such a way
that it throws the sheet from the guides at every impression,
the small roller will have to be replaced in the big cam gear or
the slides recut and a larger stud-roller made for the cam.

A pressman should never run a register job on a* sheet over
8 by 11 inches in size without first testing the stock to see if it
will shrink or stretch in the running. The way to test stock
for this purpose is to take a sheet from the middle of the pile,
lay it on a piece of iron or wood and mark the size of the sheet
with an awl or other sharp instrument on the surface that the
sheet lies on. Let the sheet lie in the room over night where
the job is to be run. In the morning the sheet can be compared
with the marks made the day before. If the sheet has varied
in size, the stock should be held at least a week to season in the
same atmospheric conditions under which it is to be run.

A “RUSH” SHOP.

BY TEDDY EACEY.

You have probably noticed the tendency of late years
toward speeding up. It looks as though the entire population
had been impregnated with the germ. People who were never
known to be in a hurry before are now so badly tainted with
rush tactics that they seem to have forgotten what taking a
reasonable time to accomplish a given task really means.

The party who formerly was satisfied to jog along behind a
gentle nag at a reasonable pace must needs now, behind a
wind-shield, throw prudence to the wind and “let her out for
all she’s worth.”

All professions, more or less, have felt the sting — the
printing profession particularly. A few years back the rush
print-shop was a rarity. True, each city of any size possessed
one, at least; but that one was not merely spotted and
known as the only place in town that made a specialty of
railroading orders to suit the whims of purchasers, but likewise
as a shop the proprietor of which took particular pride in
acknowledging — yes, publishing — that fact to the world.

A plant of this description had its advantages in that, for
one thing, it was rarely idle, and for another that the work
produced, though usually mediocre in quality, was highly
remunerative. Those conditions now appear, so it seems, to
have considerably multiplied, for the rush shop nowadays is
the rule rather than the exception.

There are branches of the printing-trade, however, that
can not be rushed and the standard of excellence maintained.
Job composition is one of them. It is useless to give a first-
class job-man a piece of copy and order him to put up anything
that savors of originality if he is to be held down or limited
to an unreasonably short time for its execution.

As I once heard J. Clark Thompson, one of Philadelphia’s
old school of employing printers, say: “A piece of good,
original jobwork takes the good time of a good printer; an
ordinary or poor printer might fiddle away all summer in
endeavoring to accomplish a like piece of composition without
attaining satisfactory results. All men may be born equal;
if they are, then some of them drift wonderfully apart as the
years roll by. For instance: I have known an inferior man —
rated as a two-thirder, in fact — to change or correct a column
of figures in eighteen minutes which took the very best and
brightest of the other men thirty minutes to change, all doing
their level best.”

The rush shop isn’t the most congenial place in the world
in which to work, even under the best conditions. But when
these are reversed it is sometimes found next to unbearable.

6-6

About three years ago I happened to run across one of
these plants. It was located in a city less than one hundred
miles from Baltimore. From the sound of the gong every
man in the composing-room started off on edge, and so con¬
tinued for the eight working hours, expending every spark, as
it were, of nervous energy in their systems, the while under the
lash of a foreman who labored incessantly with his feet and
mouth instead of the usual eight fingers, two thumbs and
“skypiece.” And to what advantage? The turning out of
a small quantity of inferior, or rush, work, which in that case
was a detriment, if anything, to the house.

And such working conditions, too! May God deliver me
from ever working — for ever so short a time — under the
like again.

Just imagine, if you can, working constantly under pressure
with not the semblance of a lead-rack in the shop; without a
rule-case of any description; without six or twelve point
slugs; with but a piece or two of metal furniture, of precisely
the sizes you didn’t need, and, last but not least, with the
cases — of all the job series of any account entirely bare —
depleted! No, I am not exaggerating a particle.

The leads — ■ what there were of them — - were kept in a
pile on top of a chin-high, home-made series of slides used for
storing live pages. When you needed a lead of a certain length
you hunted in the pile for it; if you couldn’t find it, eventually
you had to keep on hunting and testing with two pieces in your
stick until you got a perfect splice. You duplicated this per¬
formance in another part of the shop when you needed plain
or dotted rule. For six-point slugs you were informed you
could use quad lines; for twelve-point slugs either twelve-
point quads, two lines of six-point quads, a row of eight-point
quads and two two-point leads, or — well, any “combination”
you could think of and secure material in sufficient quantity
to answer the purpose. For metal furniture and job-type you
pulled out a number of heavy, sliding boards in a dark alley on
which were kept supposed-to-be-standing jobs, and proceeded,
with your tweezers, to pull whatever you needed wherever you
could find it, irrespective of whether it left the standing job
in a “standing” position or not.

When a job or page was put away in the rack no notation
was made on the proof as to where it had been dropped, as it
had been considered waste of time to number the racks, let
alone the slides in them. One day I saw eight men drop their
sticks and hunt high and low thirty-five minutes for a page of
type, the proof of which had been sent out two or three days
before. Is it any wonder they were compelled to rush? It
was the only manner in which they could “bluff” themselves
into the belief that they were making a showing.

And this happened — and is no doubt still happening —
under a supposed-to-be-competent foreman, a “manager” in
the front office who belies his title if not his position, a flexible
cost system, and the proprietor in charge of a branch plant
650 miles away.

BUSINESS MUST “CARRY ON.”

Cyrus H. K. Curtis, in a series of leading editorials in his
Philadelphia Public Ledger , has been sounding a timely and
impressive warning to American business men who are inclined
to curtail their activities in the war period. He calls for cour¬
age in the business office which shall match that shown by our
boys on the firing lines. He warns that a slackening of indus¬
trial effort will lead to a paralysis of the national strength.
“Progress and not penuriousness,” says Mr. Curtis, “courage
and not cheese-paring, enterprise and energy rather than a too
timid economy, are the watchwords. Let us spend wisely, let
us shun waste, let us get our money’s worth. But let us
remember that a dollar is like a bicycle — it stops bearing
burdens when it stops rolling.” — Printing.

786

THE INLAND PRINTER

March, igi8

TEACHERS' ROUND TABLE

BY W. H. HATTON.

Instructors of printing are here offered the opportunity of discussing the various problems that arise during the course of their work. The editor will be glad to

receive ideas and suggestions that will be of value to the fraternity.

Foreword.

A medium through which teachers of printing could express
their views and attempt to develop standards of teaching that
would be applicable to all sections of the country, and in all
schools, has long been needed, and the creation of this depart¬
ment in The Inland Printer has been recognized by those
interested in this subject as meeting this need and another
step in the advancement of this important branch of technical
education.

No one teacher or school possesses the best method of
teaching printing, but nearly every teacher has worked out and
developed to a higher degree of proficiency one or more ele¬
ments which are particularly interesting to him. If those
isolated, highly developed elements could be brought to the
attention of all teachers, and those not already in use by them
applied to their work, the advance in teaching printing would
be very great. Such a medium, then, as this department is
necessary for a greater development of the science of teaching
and for the particular purpose of binding together the best
methods now practiced into a workable plan of instruction.
The consummation of this can only be obtained by each
instructor generously giving of his best, and with an open
mind receiving the best that is offered.

As instructors, we feel that it is particularly happy that we
are offered the services of this, the most practical of trade
journals, promising a closer alliance between the teachers and
the master printers, who are the ultimate judges of our work.
It is the hope of the editor that the master printers will take
a genuine interest in this department and give to it many
valuable suggestions; feeling that it is only through their
cooperation that the schools of printing can obtain the highest
standards and be of greatest service, not alone to the pupil,
but to the trade.

It is the aim of this department to follow a constructive
policy and in that spirit the articles to follow are written.

Who Should Teach: The Theorist with Pedagogical
Training or the Practical Printer?

School boards, in both cities and country centers, have not
yet decided who is the better teacher, the man who is trained
to teach and has only a theoretical knowledge of the trade,
or the man who is a practical printer and has no pedagogical
training. They, however, frankly state that they favor the
man with pedagogical training, and whenever possible he is
given the preference.

In supporting this position they have enlisted in many of
our cities the services of school superintendents who know
nothing about printing and who do not appreciate the detail
and knowledge required to produce in the schoolroom a cred¬
itable piece of work. But if superintendents of vocational
schools were first-class printers and did appreciate the detail
and knowledge required to produce such work, could they also

be first-class machinists, operating engineer's, sheet-metal
workers, etc.? It would be asking the impossible of any man
to perform all these functions and to be an authority on all
subjects dealing with vocational instruction. Some subjects
for which superintendents are particularly fitted are super¬
vised with ability; but when attempts are made to supervise
those trades that are known only theoretically, then the voca¬
tional training entrusted to their care suffers.

Outside the Cities, where school districts can not support
a superintendent of academic studies and vocational studies
too, the condition is even more aggravated and at times ludi¬
crous. A community hears of the advantages of vocational
training and, aiming to benefit the lad who must leave school
at an early age, a move is made, sometimes political, to force
the school board to adopt it. The superintendent of schools,
who, as a rule, is sincere in his belief that training of both the
hands and the mind is essential, meets the demand with pro¬
posals for a course in printing, carpentry, electricity, or other
trade subjects. Because printing is accomplished by assem¬
bling letters and affords educational advantages surpassing
other trades, it is usually the first to be taught, and if the
fight to get support for trade courses is a closely contested
one, printing furnishes such strong arguments for the modern
idea in education of “learning by doing” that it is almost
certain to be favored by the school board.

The presumed advantages of these schools of printing have
been presented in a remarkably clever manner by our type¬
founders, who have done much to extend the teaching of
printing in our schools. They, however, do a great injustice
to the trade and to the teaching force when they suggest to
superintendents and school boards that a weekly, semi-monthly
or monthly school paper, programs, cards, tickets, etc., can
be produced by the students. When the printing-plant is
installed, the teacher employed is expected to make good the
suggestions of the typefounder because in many instances
the saving in the cost of school printing has been used as an
argument for the installation of the course. No teacher, how¬
ever, should get out a weekly, semi-monthly or monthly school
paper and teach printing with the short periods allotted to
students in our public schools. It is this production that
distracts the teacher and consumes time that should be devoted
to a systematic course of study and the care of his material.

A teacher can not get production and teach too. If a school
paper is published, the ability of the teacher is estimated by
the appearance of the publication, and, knowing this, it is but
natural that he put his greatest efforts into assembling the
work of his student compositors and neglect to teach.

As a rule, only the initial cost is considered by the com¬
munity when printing-plants are installed in the schools, and
the cost of up-keep and the amount of money necessary for
salaries large enough to pay capable teachers is seldom taken
into consideration. Printing is only a matter of a little paper
and ink to many people, and upon this assumption superin-

March , 1918

THE INLAND PRINTER

787

tendents have engaged the services of teachers who have not
had sufficient practical experience and have created conditions
in many of our vocational classes that are not at all in keeping
with ideas of employing printers and representatives of labor.
The impression generally prevails that the teaching of printing
is not done in a manner satisfactory to those whom it vitally
concerns and that this branch of vocational training is not
thorough.

To illustrate just how much practical experience in the
printing-trade some of our teachers have had, the case of a
student who was attending a training school for teachers in
New York might be interesting. This student visited one of
the trade schools in the city to find out as much as possible
about the teaching of printing. He said he had taken a posi¬
tion in a vocational school and was not very well prepared to
teach that subject. He asked for the method of teaching the
case, and when told that the California job-case was used for
beginners, he said, “What’s the California job-case?” Several
questions were then asked him to ascertain just how much he
knew about the trade, and when he was finally asked how long
he had been a printer he replied that he had picked up his
knowledge from a relative who had a press in the rear of his
store. To the suggestion that his experience was hardly
sufficient for a teacher of printing he replied that he thought
he could “keep one lesson ahead of his boys.” Now, this
man, although perhaps an extreme case, was a trained teacher,
a college man with a knowledge of pedagogy, but he knew
nothing about printing and had been hired by some school
board or superintendent to teach the fundamentals of the
trade to beginners.

There are many splendid men among those teaching, but
unless conditions change and there is less interference by
superintendents and less productive work demanded they will
return to other work and, unfortunately for the teaching of
printing in our schools, men who “can keep One lesson ahead
of their boys” will take their places.

The time has passed when printing should be taught in
our schools for the amusement of students. It is an injustice
to the trade, to the boy, to the parents and to those who meet
the expense by taxation. There is no excuse in furnishing boys
with such expensive playthings as printers’ tools if the idea is
simply to let the student use his hands, but if the promotion
of vocational courses is a sincere effort to train the hands for
useful work, then the unsatisfactory conditions in many of
our schools, brought about by the conditions related, should
be radically changed. Is it not time that those who make
the type and those who use it get together and demand correct
teaching or none at all? Is it not time that school boards were
made to realize that no matter how well trained to teach a
man may be, if he does not know the subject he is teaching
it is a crime to have him in charge of young men who will
carry out into the world habits that are false and technic that
would give them never-ending trouble if they were practiced
in a printing-office?

John E. Mansfield at Boys’ Vocational School,
New York City.

Efficient work at Hawthorne, New York, has placed John
E. Mansfield at the head of the printing department of the
Boys’ Vocational School, Fifth avenue and One Hundred
and Thirty-eighth street, New York. When Mr. Mansfield
entered the teaching field in June, 1915, at the Industrial
Art School, Mount Vernon, New York, he gave up the position
of assistant foreman of the Manchester (N. H.) Daily Mirror
and the office of vice-president of the typographical union
of that city. He has worked at the trade in offices in both
the East and the West, and has completed the I. T. U. course
which he recommends as being beneficial for all printers.

In his new work the day course covers two years, with
instruction in composition, binding, handling of both cylinder
and job presses, linotype and monotype practice. Students
must be graduates of the grammar school.

Evening classes are open for men in any of the above
branches, and forty-eight students are enrolled for the work
in composition and forty-eight for the work in linotype and

John E. Mansfield,

Head of printing department, Boys’ Vocational
School, New York city.

presswork. The night classes are divided into two sections,
one section attending Monday and Wednesday evenings, and
the other Tuesday and Thursday evenings. Only men in the
trades are enrolled for the evening work.

Mr. Mansfield is treasurer of the International Association
of Teachers of Printing and an active worker in the organi¬
zation.

Printing Teachers’ Convention to be Held in Newark,
New Jersey.

At a recent meeting of the Executive Committee of the
Eastern Section, International Association of Teachers of
Printing, it was decided to hold the annual convention of the
Eastern Section in Newark, New Jersey, on March 25 and 26.

The appointment of convention committees was left in the
hands of President R. Elmer Throssell, of Newark, with the
suggestion that he act as a member, ex officio, of all com¬
mittees. Harry Burns, teacher of printing, Madison Avenue
School, Newark, was selected by President Throssell as chair¬
man of the Committee on Arrangements.

Efforts will be made by the Committee on Arrangements
to hold the sessions in Newark’s beautiful city hall, one of
the most magnificent municipal buildings in this country.
Mayor Charles P. Gillen, of Newark, who manifests great
interest in all things pertaining to education, will welcome the
delegates to the convention.

The convention speakers will probably be Charles Francis,
one of the best-known master printers of the country; Dr.
David B. Corson, acting superintendent of schools, Newark;
Cephas I. Shirley, assistant superintendent of schools, New¬
ark; and Hugo Froelich, supervisor of manual training, Newark.

788

THE INLAND PRINTER

March , igi8

It is planned to partly entertain the attending delegates
by trips through several of Newark’s leading industrial plants.
Two of the plants already selected are the Whitehead & Hoag
Company and the Osborne Calendar Company, both widely
known by the high character of their product.

The annual dinner will be held at the Robert Treat Hotel,
which has also been selected as convention headquarters for
out-of-town visitors. Speakers for the dinner have not yet
been selected but will probably include those prominent in
printing and educational circles.

The principal work to be accomplished at the 1918 con¬
vention will be the adoption of standardized courses of study
for the various phases of industrial education. Committees
to prepare and offer standardized courses of study for manual
training, pre-vocational, vocational, and trade instruction in
printing, have been appointed. They are expected to report
at this convention.

An interesting feature of the convention will be the pro¬
posed exhibit of specimens of printing done in school printing
departments.

The attendance at the convention will probably be about
two hundred. All members of other sections of the Interna¬
tional Association of Teachers of Printing, educators and
printers are cordially invited to attend.

International President Joseph A. Donnelly, of New York,
will probably officiate at the opening of the convention, after
which the eastern president, R. Elmer Throssell, will occupy
the chair.

The officers of the Eastern Section are: President, R.
Elmer Throssell, Newark, a former vice-president of the
Newark Board of Education; vice-president, C. W. Betts,
Hampton, Virginia; secretary, Ralph A. Loomis, Jersey City;
treasurer, John E. Mansfield, Hawthorne, New York.

Some Views Regarding the New Department for
Teachers of Printing.

William B. Brown, instructor in journalism and superin¬
tendent of printing, of the University of Kansas, writes:
“My Dear Mr. Hatton. — I, for one, will look forward with
much interest to your new department in the best trade jour¬
nal in America — The Inland Printer. For a number of
years I have hoped just such a department would be started
in some one of our printing journals, and now that it is an
actual fact I want to do all in my limited capacity to help the
teacher and the student in acquiring a knowledge of the
printing-trade.

“I believe the trouble with the instruction of apprentices
today in the printing industry lies with the teacher. There is
great need of directing the attention of teachers to the effect
upon the students of sacrificing quality to quantity in the
school print-shop, and also the effect upon the general public.
There is great danger that the quality of printed-matter will
deteriorate if heroic measures are not taken to prevent the effort
that is so evident at present to produce great quantities of
matter in the school shops.

“Printing has great educational values if properly taught,
but as presented today in most school shops it is neither
educational nor commercial, as commercial conditions do not
and should not exist. The main object seems to be product,
and such a product as usually appears is no credit to the
schools, nor to the trade, and certainly has a tendency to
develop careless habits in the students.

“Printing is an art, and, as such, demands the best efforts
of all who undertake thoughts through printing as a medium.

“The teacher should and must train students to appreciate
the beautiful in whatever form it may be found — a thing
that is being sadly neglected in the school print-shops, if the
samples I have seen are a fair test of the training given.

“These are but a few random thoughts that occur to me
as I write — all of which, no doubt, are very evident to you in
your experience as instructor.

“Again expressing my appreciation in the beginning of
this valuable department and assuring you of my hearty
cooperation to make it successful. . . .”

A Pennsylvania teacher writes that he has come to the
conclusion the new department in The Inland Printer
will pave the way for hearty cooperation of all printing
instructors, and he heartily endorses the proposition. He
adds that he has been teaching six years and during that
time has always had to plan his own ideas for teaching and had
thought, more than once, that some way should be made for
instructors to pass out suggestions to one another.

A New Jersey teacher writes that he is interested in the
new department and if his experience can be of help it will
be “forthwith forthcoming.”

The superintendent of the educational department of the
American Type Founders Company says, “It is certainly
gratifying to know that The Inland Printer expects to con¬
duct a department containing news pertaining to the teaching
of printing in the schools. I think this will be a big ‘boost’
for the Inland Printer, and I know it will be a big boost for
school printing in general.”

The instructor of printing at the Holyoke (Massachusetts)
Vocational School has shown his interest in the new depart¬
ment by sending an attractive collection of school work.

A Jersey City instructor writes encouragingly, “I would be
interested to have you write me stating just what your plan
is, if you care to, and what you would like to have me do.”

A Seattle director of printing writes, “Accept my spirit of
appreciation for calling to my attention the new department
in The Inland Printer. If I can be of assistance, please do
not hesitate to call, when it will be a pleasure to serve accord¬
ing to my gifts.”

A Composing-Stick for Elementary Schools.

Frank Phillips, superintendent of the educational depart¬
ment of the American Type Founders Company, in answer
to several complaints by teachers in charge of elementary
schools that the hands of their pupils are not large enough to
hold the regulation size composing-stick, has had made sticks
of narrow depth to meet this need. They are manufactured
in two kinds, Buckeye (clamp) and Rouse (graduated measure
on front). The Buckeye is one inch in width. The Rouse is
one and one-eighth inches in width. These can be furnished
in 6, 8 or 10 inch sizes.

FIDDLESTICKS.

Now comes an anonymous “letter to the editor” in the
Chicago Tribune with the suggestion that inasmuch as bill¬
posters use flour in making their paste and inasmuch, also, he
naively adds, as “bill-posting is entirely unnecessary,” all such
advertising should be stopped during the term of the war as
a means for saving wheat. The writer goes a step further in
his communication and solemnly declares: “That there is
any value in the alleged advertising service rendered is
denied by a majority of business men.”

These are the same bill-boards, mind you, that have done
such valiant and important service for the Liberty Loan, for
the Red Cross, for the Y.M.C.A. and Food Administration.

In cooperating with the Food Administration, alone, they
have caused people to save thousands of pounds of wheat for
each ounce that has been employed in pastemaking.

We hold no brief for the bill-posters, but we venture the
assertion that if you’d put the mental capacity of the person
who wrote that letter to the Tribune in a peanut shell and
shake it, there’d be an audible rattle. — Associated Advertising.

March , 1918

THE INLAND PRINTER

789

THE FARMER AND HIS NEWSPAPER.*

BY PROF. W. P. KIRKWOOD.

MlMfflrtHE local or country weekly has been undergoing
/ a change. It used to be looked upon —

f / a and still is by many — as “a sort of poor
/ a relation in the commerce of a place.” As a
^ 3 poor relation it received support, as William

H Allen White has put it, “somewhat in charity,
flMWffffl more or less in return for polite blackmail,
~ : and the rest for business reasons.” In other

words, it was tolerated, as a poor relation must be, for
fear that it might disclose unpleasant family secrets. Any
support it received for sound business reasons was extremely
limited. It has.. been laughed at as a “molder of public
opinion” — that didn’t mold. For years this moldy phrase
has been summoned forth to provoke laughter at the news¬
paper and the editor. Ideas like these are now being rele¬
gated to the junk heap of the obsolete. You can’t very
well regard as a poor relation in the newspaper field a publica¬
tion which has been edited in a modern office and printed in a
shop equipped with a $3,000 linotype and a $2,500 cylinder
press and with the modern accessories. No more can you
feel that charity has anything to do with an editor who goes
about his outside business, and his pleasure, in a motor-car with
all of the accessories advertised in the Saturday Evening Post,
or who sits in as a member of the board of directors of the local
bank or of the community’s leading manufacturing concern.
He may carry out the ashes from his home furnace or may
shovel the snow from his own walk like the rest of us, but he
is distinctly not an object of charity. Still less can you think
of anything approaching blackmail in reading the constructive
content of his newspaper. Moreover, if you think, you know
that the paper from such an office, edited by such a man, is
a molder of public opinion. It is no exaggeration to say that
the newspaper is one of the most powerful educative influ¬
ences in existence. Even educators say that it ranks next as
an educator to the schools. Without the press, or something
fully to take its place, there would be little that you could
call a real public opinion.

That is what is the matter with Germany today. If
Germany had had newspapers, as we understand newspapers,
the people of Germany would never have been led blindly
into the hideous tragedy of the present war, and they would
not now go on being killed and maimed and starved as the
puppets of a grossly selfish plutocracy. They would have had
an understanding of themselves and of the finer aims of civil¬
ization — a public opinion as distinguished from an imposed
class opinion — that would have prevented war. Men in the
dark can have no opinion of the things that surround them;
they have to depend on what they . are told. The Germans
have been kept in the dark, and have been told things —
things that were not true.

Now, among the fifteen or sixteen thousand country week¬
lies in the United States is an ever increasing number which
are lifting themselves out of the poor relation class and becom¬
ing true makers of public opinion. They may be called
journalistic periscopes. Through them the people of com¬
munities are enabled to rise above the levels of individual
interests and get a comprehensive view of the life around
them, both in its intimate and in its larger relations. They
extend the range of vision. They can not be other than
shapers of opinion, for they are the medium through which
people get facts on which to base their judgments of affairs.

The newspapers have been gaining this position in very
recent years in a more definite way than ever before. Only

‘Extracts from an address delivered before the Newspaper Advertising Depart¬
ment of the Minnesota Advertising Convention, held at St. Paul, January 22 and 23,
by Prof. W. P. Kirkwood, of the University of Minnesota.

a few years ago, when the rural free delivery was beginning
to prove workable, it was freely predicted that the country
weekly’s days were numbered. The rural free delivery has
become almost universal, but the prediction is no longer
heard. On the contrary, it has been proved untrue, and has
gone into the prophetic discard. The rural free delivery has
actually helped, rather than harmed, the country weekly, for
it has, in a measure at least, relieved the country press of the
necessity of attempting to purvey world news in detail and
allowed it to concentrate on local affairs. In other words,
the rural free delivery has encouraged the country paper to
specialize, and this has increased its efficiency as a community
agency of power in shaping local opinion.

Focusing his attention on local affairs, the country editor
has, moreover, been able to devote a larger share of his time
to the application of modern business methods. More and
more, the editor-publisher knows exactly what he is about,
where he is going, and how he intends to get there. He is
pushing his community toward the realization of its possi¬
bilities. He is finding out that his readers are interested in
these possibilities and their realization. He is giving his
advertisers service as a means of helping them to the achieve¬
ment of independence and a position of greater public influ¬
ence. He is reaching out for suggestions and adapting them
to his own and to local needs. His advertising, as well as his
news columns, is readable, crisp, dynamic. It may be said,
then, that the up-to-date country editor-publisher is really
more than a maker of public opinion; he is a sort of captain
of his community’s motive center.

All country editors, of course, do not come up to these
specifications. There are men in the newspaper-making busi¬
ness who lack authority. . . . But such editors are among
the unfit — and the unfit are found in all professions. In the
editorial profession, however, the number is diminishing year
by year.

An outstanding evidence of this rejuvenation of the country
weekly that I have been trying to suggest, has been the coun¬
try editor’s discovery of the farmer as a business man. And
this means a new type of farmer.

To speak in terms of the psychologists, the “hayseed”
concept must be abandoned. It no longer applies. “There
ain’t no such animal,” or if there is, it is rapidly becoming
extinct. The farmer of today, or of tomorrow at most, is not
a hayseed but in reality a business man — something of a
captain of industry. ....

The farmer may seem to some of us to have been slow in
falling into line, but he is marching with the procession now.
And here is evidence of this that ought to leave no reasonable
doubt in the minds of the jurymen here present. The farmer
has become an advertiser. This is the “still more convincing
evidence” of the farmer’s advance mentioned a moment ago.
If ocular proof is needed, exhibits A, B, and C should be
sufficient.

Exhibit A is made up of farm advertising taken from a
single issue of the Sentinel, of Osceola, Iowa, a country weekly
with a circulation of 2,500, edited and published by F. M.
Abbott. The issue was not exceptional. Other issues of the
same paper show as much or even more of the same kind of
advertising. The editor-publisher writes: “Our sales seasons
are from September until December and from January 15 to
March 1, though there is scarcely an issue that does not have
in it a farm sale.”

Exhibit B consists of advertising from one issue of another
Iowa paper, The Nevada Evening Journal, a tri-weekly.
Neither is this exceptional. O. J. Benjamin, the editor, writes
that for the year just closed he carried 16,499 inches of live¬
stock and farm sale advertising.

Exhibit C brings us a little nearer home. It is composed
of advertisements on which one of Minnesota’s editors — -

79°

THE INLAND PRINTER

March, igi8

H. C. Hotaling, of Mapleton — chanced in running over his
own paper and a few exchanges. It is by no means the result
of an extended search, and is evidence enough that the Iowa
germ is “catching” in Minnesota.

For the benefit of the editor-publishers present let me read
what Mr. Abbott of the Osceola Sentinel says about his method
of getting farm advertising. What he says is full of sugges¬
tions. Here it is:

We have a large rural circulation, developed by many rural corre¬
spondents. The editor was raised on a farm in southern Iowa, though not
in this county. He likes to mingle with rural people. The service we
render brings results. We are located in the famous Blue Grass region of
southern Iowa, one of the best stock-producing districts of the Mississippi
valley, midway between Chicago, Omaha, St. Louis, and Kansas City.
We have a good auctioneer but he does not especially favor us. We do
not go out to solicit the advertising, but when a farmer comes in we give
him the benefit of our experience. That is, we tell him that hogs sell better
from clean new pens, where the visitors can gather around them; that horses
and cattle should be shown on higher ground than that occupied by the
bidders; that farm implements should be well displayed in the order in
which they are to be sold, and that the premises should look neat and
sanitary. . . . We call attention to the merchant’s custom of advertising,
and to the advertising that other farmers have inserted. We then discuss
space. Few bills are used in this country, though nearly every advertiser
takes 200 small bills and 50 large ones.

My office girl has just informed me that we have run 3,316 inches of
farm sale advertising since September 1. (The letter was written about
December 15.)

Take just a moment in passing to analyze this statement.
List the causes for the success of the Osceola Sentinel in build¬
ing up farm advertising. Here they are:

A large rural circulation, developed by a large staff of
rural correspondents.

An editor with some knowledge of farming and its
problems; such a knowledge as any editor may acquire, if
he will devote a little time to it.

An editor who takes pains — he finds it a pleasure —
to mingle with rural people.

Editorial experience placed at the disposal of adver¬
tisers.

Personal service, supplementing the service of the
printed page, to assure results.

A study of the field — its location and resources — as
one of the assets of the paper.

In this list is a formula worthy of careful study on the part
of any country editor-publisher.

If you wish the secret of the Nevada Journal’s success in
getting farm advertising, on the other hand, I think you will
find it in exhibit D. This is a map of the Journal’s home
county. Every one of the tiny dots indicates a subscriber —
a farm subscriber. Surely, if one had something that farmers
might wish to buy, he would find difficulty in discovering a
better medium through which to make known the fact that
he had something to sell.

The Minnesota farmer has not acquired the advertising
habit to the degree that the Iowa farmer has, but he is acquir¬
ing it. The Minnesota editor-publisher should help him by
some judicious solicitation. It should not be difficult to “sell”
him, because he is already well on the way in the adoption of
this and other business methods, and because with the rapid
development of the live-stock industry in Minnesota, which
is sure to come, the stock sale will become an increasingly
frequent feature of country life.

It is scarcely necessary to say, in the light of all this, that
opportunity is knocking at the doors of the country weekly
offices in Minnesota.

But I said, near the beginning of this talk, that the country
newspaper is a sort of reciprocating engine, delivering power
both ways. What I meant was this: The live country weekly,
having become an implement of recognized use and value to the
farmer in selling, as I think I have shown, should become as
useful and valuable in buying. In other words, it should be

recognized more fully by merchant and manufacturing adver¬
tisers as an efficient agency by which to reach the farmer. Con¬
sider again exhibit D. It is the kind of an exhibit that scores
of country weeklies in Minnesota could present.

The country weekly is an agency, then, which can do
things for the farmer on the one hand and for the merchant
or manufacturer on the other, whether such merchant or
manufacturer be of the community in which the paper is
published or of some more or less remote commercial or manu¬
facturing center. We need be in no doubt about this ....

We have completed the circuit. We have seen a country
weekly with a new vision of its possibilities and a farmer with
a new vision of his possibilities. We have seen the country
weekly discovering the farmer as a source of advertising busi¬
ness and the farmer discovering the country weekly as a
means of developing his farm enterprise. We have seen the
country weekly, also, as a new agency by which the merchant
and the manufacturer may reach a class which has enormous
buying power. The only thing that remains to be said —
and that is now so plain that it hardly needs to be stated - — is
this: In considering plans for progress, the country weekly
should remember the farmer, the farmer should remember the
country weekly, and the merchant and tile manufacturer should
remember the farmer and his newspaper.

Post Printers Stationed at the Walter Reed General

Hospital, Tacoma Park, D. C.

Enoch W. Stewart (at the left)), who saw ten years of service in the
United States Army, and George D. Johnstone (at the right), formerly of
the Washington Evening Star composing-room and a member of Columbia
Typographical Union No. 101, of Washington, D. C. The Walter Reed
Hospital is to be the model for the world in the restoration to health and
self-dependence of those who are wounded at the front.

March , 1918

THE INLAND PRINTER

791

_ _ _ < — s.

HliAlAAAll A LA JL A JSyJLJLJL AAllll JL JL AAAAAAA

PROOFROOM

BY F. HORACE TEALL.

Questions pertaining to proofreading are solicited and will be promptly answered in this department. Replies can not be made by mail.

Apostrophes, and a Word.

J. J. B., New York, writes: “Kindly let me know if the
apostrophes are all necessary in the following: ‘Soldiers’ and
sailors’ children’s carnival.’ Also: In reading proof of report
of a society — secretary’s report, treasurer’s report, columns
of figures, etc. — the word ‘Reconciliation’ was used in head¬
ing on last page. Reader queried ‘Recapitulation’ instead,
and the secretary of the society insisted on ‘Reconciliation.’
Was he right?”

Answer. — All of these apostrophes are necessary unless the
wording is changed. The same genitive relationship is
expressed in each instance, which we call the possessive case,
and of course each word requires the same form. “Carnival
of (or for) children of soldiers and sailors” might be used
instead. I do not see how “Reconciliation” could be right.
“Recapitulation” must have been the intention, as nearly as
I can tell.

A Subjunctive Form.

D. L., Brooklyn, New York, asks: “Is the following
sentence correct? ‘Exporter and jobber frequently request
that the name of the consignor do not appear on the cases.’
Should it not say ‘does not’ instead of ‘do not’?”

Answer. — The sentence is correct. It says what it is
meant to say in the most grammatical way. “Do” is right
and “does” would not be right. Our correspondent evidently
does not recognize the subjunctive nature of the expression,
or he may have been misled by some grammarian’s statement
of a fact that is often inadequately expressed, as by W. D.
Whitney as follows: “Our verb has long been undergoing a
process of impoverishment by the obliteration of its subjunc¬
tive mood.” Or this by G. P. Marsh: “The subjunctive is
evidently passing out of use, and there is good reason to
suppose that it will soon be obsolete altogether.” These two
men were eminent authorities half a century ago, and what
they said was and is true, but not the whole truth. We still
use the subjunctive, and the sentence in question is a good
example of it. Other methods of expression may be substi¬
tuted, but that rests with the writer or speaker.

Faults in a “ Manual of Style.”

0. J. M., Los Angeles, California, wrote me a long letter,
which I must answer in sections, this being the first. “Have
you ever had time to examine a copy of ‘Manual of Style,’
published by the University of Chicago? In the Introductory
Note, the director of the University Press says: ‘That it is
recognized as possessing merit is evidenced by its adoption and
use in many editorial offices, libraries, and proofrooms in the
United States and Canada.’ And in the third edition: ‘The
work, thus remodeled, is again offered to the public, in the hope
that it may continue to be useful to those whose occupations
require some familiarity with the niceties of typographical
form.’ Some of the ‘niceties of typographical form’ therein

are so conspicuously not nice that I am prompted to ask what
you think of them. Under ‘Capitalization,’ for instance, is
this rule: ‘Proper nouns and adjectives derived from proper
nouns are capitalized, as George, America, Elizabethan,
French.’ ‘But,’ is said following, ‘do not capitalize verbs
derived from proper names, as to boycott, to fletcherize, etc.’
This last ruling must mean to write without a capital all such
verbs, as americanize, wilsonize, hooverize, rooseveltize. Is
that sensible practice? ”

Answer. — The correspondent will quickly perceive, prob¬
ably with some disappointment, that I have omitted much of
what he wrote. It seemed advisable to omit all but the
essential question. Other capitalization questions are held
for later answer.

I have seen only the first edition of the style-book men¬
tioned, and have not looked at that since a time soon after its
publication. My recollection is that I thought it fairly good
in the statement of rules for the one establishment for which it
was made, but not worth much for general use, because of its
many contradictions of real principles and almost universal
practice. Its rules for capitals constituted one of the weakest
features, mainly by failing to provide against not only possible,
but probable misapplication. But capitalization is, always
has been, and probably always will be subject to personal
vagary or whim to an extent which makes our literature as a
whole a mass of confusion.

The rule to capitalize proper nouns is universally accepted
as a rule, but also very commonly misconstrued as meaning
only names of persons or places. Sometimes also it is carried
beyond its natural limits, as in the New York Times in naming
the seasons, Winter, Spring, Summer, and Autumn or Fall,
words that are not capitalized by one publication out of a
thousand. I can not imagine why they made a difference
between adjectives and verbs from proper nouns — ■ in fact,
in my opinion, no sillier distinction could be made. If any¬
thing is sure as to such capitalizing, it is that all derivatives are
treated alike by every careful person. Even in the one book
that I esteem as the worst that can be made in this respect,
adjectives and verbs are alike — and always wrong! That
book is Appletons’ Medical Dictionary, published about two
years ago. It has malpighian, meibomian, and innumerable
other words from men’s names, which are fully established in
capitalized form.

But while I can find no reason for making such a distinction,
I think I know how it was suggested, and if my guess is right
it reveals the utter want of easy discrimination, which is
not a prime qualification for rule-making. The rule for
verbs is perfectly sound and good for some verbs, though not
for all such verbs. It is equally good, however, for other parts
of speech, even for some noun uses of the proper nouns them¬
selves, with no derivation at all. Thus we speak of china
meaning porcelain, of a boycott as well as of boycotting, of
herculean efforts, of roman type, when we have no thought of

792

THE INLAND PRINTER

March , igiS

China the country, of Boycott the man, of Hercules, or of
Rome. When we say Bostonian, Rooseveltize, etc., we have
clearly in mind Boston, Roosevelt, etc. This shows why some
such words are capitalized and some not. It also shows why
some people capitalize a certain word of this kind and others
do not, namely, that some people associate it in thought with
the person or place and others do not.

DIVERGENT VIEWS OF GOOD ENGLISH.

BY F. HORACE TEAI.L.

NGLISH that is good may be truthfully de¬
scribed in a few words so that no one will
question the accuracy of the description, but
no one could pretend that it could be a satis¬
factory definition of the phrase, because the
thing embraces innumerable details that must
be neglected in any writing shorter than a
large book. Good English is any expression
in the English language that tells clearly, in correct gram¬
matical construction, just what it means to tell, as conceived
by the speaker or writer. Misunderstanding by the hearer or
reader, when the conditions named are satisfied, evidences
only his fault, not a fault of the utterer.

Such is my estimation of good English, and I am confident
that it constitutes a full description, although of course it
leaves the accidence (rudiments) of the subject untouched.
Practically the occasion for question whether one is using good
English arises most frequently with reference to the use of
some certain word in a certain sense; and it is largely discus¬
sion of single words that fills our books devoted to language
correction and preservation. Most of the differences of opinion
have to do with single words. Of at least equal importance
to lucidity are correctness of syntax, clearness in collocation,
and some other details of style; but here we are considering
only some of the differences in expert opinion, not the whole
subject.

S. T. Coleridge was one of our early proponents of accuracy
in language, and it was only natural for a recent rhetorician
to quote from his “Biographia Literaria” as follows:

“In prose I doubt whether it be even possible to preserve
our style wholly unalloyed by the vicious phraseology which
meets us everywhere, from the sermon to the newspaper, from
the harangue of the legislator to the speech of the convivial
chair announcing a toast or sentiment. Our chains rattle
even while we are complaining of them.”

What Coleridge here called doubtful became long ago, if it
was not actually so when he wrote, an acknowledged certainty.
Much of what he undoubtedly meant by “vicious phraseology”
is now universally esteemed or at least allowed as correct
expression. He felt the chains rattling, probably, because he
realized that he was not himself impeccable. The New
International Encyclopedia says: “His style in prose writing
was cumbrous and his matter involved.” That is just what
the best writer or speaker of English will most carefully avoid.

Evidence of disagreement as to individual words is abun¬
dant. Many of the condemnations of certain uses repeated
from book to book rest ultimately on some whimsical notion
that will not stand the test of reason. A good example of this
is the objection to the word “reliable,” which the Century
Dictionary says is made by “some fastidious writers,” while
no one is fastidious enough to object to the use of available,
dependable, laughable, or any other word of the kind.

In “Word and Phrase,” by Joseph Fitzgerald, we are told:
“The use of such a monstrosity of a word as ubiquitously is
an unpardonable offense against the laws of expression.”
Also: “Different has also been, in good authors, construed
with than; but no authority of writers can give the hall-mark
to such a vicious use as ‘different than.’” Mr. Fitzgerald

here assumes a dictatorial attitude that at once warns us off
from acquiescence, and a little thought convinces us that the
word he calls a monstrosity is an adverb of regular make, as
correctly usable in its proper place as any word, but very
little used, because not frequently needed. Authority of
writers has “given the hall-mark” to many vicious uses, one
of them being convene in place of convoke, so as really to
say “come (them) together” when we mean “call (them)
together,” a misuse that has been in our literature through
centuries.

Yet Mr. Fitzgerald said many things well worth while, of
which this is one: “The study of the life history of words is
commonly regarded as tending to make one finical and priggish,
pedantical. That may well be the case with one who gets
hold of a few scattered notions of the meaning of this science;
here a little learning is a dangerous thing; but as no man is
more tolerant of the human weaknesses of his brethren than
the saint, so no one is less a prig and a pedant than the true
scholar. It is mere good sense and not priggishness to aim
at the highest precision in the use of the mother tongue.”
This last remark is certainly true, with the proviso that the
scholar avoid all appearance of posing as a precisian.

A book entitled “Errors in the Use of English,” written
by William B. Hodgson, was published in Edinburgh, and a
second edition was issued within a few months. Thereupon
D. Appleton & Co. had an American revised and annotated
edition prepared by the present writer’s father, Francis A.
Teall. The author said, in his introduction: “This work is
meant to set forth the merits of correctness in English com¬
position by furnishing examples of the demerits of incorrectness.

It is founded on actual blunders. . . It does not

aim at being exhaustive — that were unhappily no easy aim;
but at least it comprises all those every-day breaches of every¬
day rules against which writers should stand on their strictest
guard.” The American editor said: “The surprising mistakes
quoted from many writers of high reputation, often destructive
of the meaning, show that there are few who might not derive
benefit from the careful study of such a manual.”

Mr. Hodgson cites a long paragraph from a slang dictionary
objecting to the too common use of Gallicisms in English
novels, mentioning tapis, beau monde, chaperon, vis-a-vis,
entremets, and the dansant, and saying: “Yet, ludicrously
enough, immediately the fashionable magnates of England
seize on any French idiom, the French themselves not only
universally abandon it to us, but positively repudiate it
altogether from their idiomatic vocabulary.”

Mr. Teall says of this: “The author was surprisingly
incautious in the admission of this ‘slashing’ extract. The
use of foreign words or phrases, either correctly or incorrectly,
merely for the sake of showing fine feathers, can not, of course,
be too strongly condemned by a writer on style; but care
should be taken to make the condemnation effective by proper
discrimination. . . That the French have abandoned any

of their own idiomatic expressions simply because they have
been adopted abroad is a rather ludicrous assumption.”

The author and the American editor disagree on other
points also, but not in regard to any principle. Such difference
on matters of detail might be shown much more voluminously,
but the only intention is to enforce by examples the fact that
good English does not demand compliance with any one
man’s dicta, and least of all with any one’s puristic notions.
Some of the world’s best literature would never have been
published if editors criticised too minutely the author’s style
of expression.

Appreciation, whether of nature or books or art or men,
depends very much on temperament. What is beauty or
genius or greatness to one is far from being so to another. —
Tryon Edwards.

The Second Mile

“ And whosoever shall compel thee to go
a mile ,” says the best business text-book
ever written, “go with him twain.”

HOW me a man who has made
his mark in the world, and I will
show you a traveler of that second
mile. The eight hours that his
employer compelled him to go, he
went gladly — and another hour or two when
no man compelled him. In that extra hour or
two lay his mastery.

“Many spoil much good work,” said Edward
Harriman, “for the lack of a little more.” It is
the little more that counts — the added weight
of work or service, born of enthusiasm uncom¬
pelled, that marks the difference between little
men and big. One mile of decency and hon¬
esty and a full day’s work the law and your
own needs compel you to go; travel it bravely,
willingly, happily. But do not stop. For at its
end lie the borders of a richer, greener country,
the land of love and of service and of growth,
through whose midst winds the broad highway
of the second mile.

BRUCE BARTON.

“Pouring Off” in the Seybold Foundry.

Striking illustration used as frontispiece of handsome booklet,
“A Trip 'Through the Plant of The Seybold Machine Company,”
prepared for that well-known firm of printing machinery manu¬
facturers by The Sloman Advertising Company, Dayton, Ohio.

March, igi8

THE INLAND PRINTER

793

The assistance of pressmen is desired in the solution of the problems of the pressroom in an endeavor to reduce the various processes to an exact science.

Excellent Colorwork from Australia.

The Weekly Times Annual, published in Melbourne,
Australia, carries many beautiful illustrations in color and
monotone. The holiday issue for 1917 contains fifty-four pages,
and the cover is unusually interesting from a pressman’s view¬
point, owing to the splendid half-tone work in two and three
colors. The presswork is executed, as usual, under the direction
of J. V. Price, who is well known to the readers of these columns.

Print Envelopes with Flaps Open.

A country printer complains of the frequency of damaged
type when printing envelopes. No samples were enclosed,
but we judge from his own envelope that they were printed
with the flaps closed.

Answer. — We would suggest that the envelopes be opened
before printing. From necessity, this method has been
employed for many years owing to the occasional lumps of
gum found on the flap. The gumming of envelopes is far
superior now to that of former times. When printing the
envelopes, use a print-paper tympan, cutting out one or two
thicknesses of the type-prints over the flap or seam on back
of envelope. Where thd printing occurs on the flap also, it
may be printed with the envelope open at one operation.

Condition of Rollers Important in Producing
Good Work.

A pressman in a small town in Illinois sends samples of
presswork, consisting of four-page folders printed on buff
dull-coated stock, accompanied by a piece of tympan stock
and the name of the maker and the quality of ink used. A
half-tone plate with dark background occupies the center of
the first page. This is enclosed by a rule border with the
description in type. The balance of the form is in type. The
principal complaint regarding the presswork appears to be in
the inking. This may be due wholly to the condition of the
rollers, although the pressman states the rollers were made by
an old established firm. He failed to give sufficient informa¬
tion for a complete analysis, so we will offer the following
general advice: The ink. and paper are perfect. The tympan
paper, if used properly, is ample for the best kind of a job.
We are unable to tell what condition the rollers are in. The
mere fact that they were made by a reliable firm does not
mean that they are now in proper working order, as the best
rollers will deteriorate. We believe the streak at the head of
the plate is caused by the rollers failing to rotate until they
strike the form. On work of this character it is advisable to
lock bearers next to the chase on each side of the form, as they
insure the rotation of the rollers. In view of the fact that we
did not receive the tympan, or a description of the manner in
which the tympan was used, or of the complete make-ready,
we can not tell whether the make-ready is at fault. It is
possible to carry a trifle more impression on the half-tone. A
mechanical overlay would give better satisfaction than a hand-
cut overlay. The tympan should be arranged as follows:

Use a hard manila top sheet, and just under this sheet use a
piece of thin pressboard, then about five sheets of the tympan
paper you are using. The spot-up sheet may be attached to
the third sheet from the bottom. Another point that will
help you in your work is: You will secure better distribution
of ink if you use an iron vibrator-roller on your form-rollers.
This roller is smaller in diameter than the regular composi¬
tion rollers and has a lateral motion in addition to its rotative
action. Where half-tone work is done on the press you men¬
tion, it is of considerable advantage to have the vibrator
attachment. We believe that you can improve the appearance
of the folder by using a trifle more impression and by arranging
the tympan as wre have indicated.

Bronze Inks.

To Sergeant Ferdinand Povelite, now at Fort Monroe,
Virginia, who has frequently contributed to these columns, we
are indebted for the following informative paragraphs regarding
printing with gold inks:

Bronzing has always been a source of tedious labor to
the printer, with the result that efforts have been made to
accomplish bronzing with a single operation, carrying with it
the advantage of being a time and money saver. Attempts
were then made to mix a bronze powder with varnish and run
it on the press similar to any ordinary printing-ink.

The word bronze applies to a metallic substance or fine
powder, made from an alloy of copper, brass, nickel, tin and
zinc in different proportions to obtain the different shades
and grades.

We now turn to the varnish which is the medium of carrying
this metal; it must be fluffy and of a buttery nature, and
considerable skill has been displayed in the manufacture of
this special oil varnish, which today is meeting with success.
Several makes of bronze inks have been placed upon the
market, and as this competition insures progress by manu¬
facturers, a fairly good quality has at last succeeded in replacing
about sixty per cent of hand-bronzing.

A ready-mixed bronze ink becomes rancid; therefore proper
bronze inks are now furnished with the powder and varnish
separated, ready to be mixed when printing the job. This
bronze powder and varnish now come from reputable manu¬
facturers in all grades and consistencies for various purposes.

If the following method is used, good results may be
obtained: The temperature of the pressroom should be
70° F.; humidity and dampness should be avoided, as moisture
has a tendency to react on bronze metal of any kind. Rainy
weather is the poorest time to obtain good results from bronze
inks.

Cylinder press rollers should be set before locking forms
on bed of press; on light forms use as few rollers as possible,
as the ink is of a soft nature and too much friction will injure
it. On solid forms the form-rollers should be set lightly; do
not use a hard packing — avoid this.

Registering and make-ready should be done with black
or red ink on the press, and a little more care must be exercised

794

THE INLAND PRINTER

March , igi8

in making ready, as you must bear in mind that it is necessary
to have as little squeeze as possible, for a heavy impression
will squash the ink out.

After the form is in position and the make-ready is
completed, have the press washed thoroughly, as the least
particle of grease on plate or rollers will not let the bronze ink
take or distribute evenly, and will also kill the luster. It is
also advisable to have the rollers and plate wiped with a
damp cloth and dried off so they will be free from grease and
dirt. Then dam the fountain to the size of the form, and carry
a little olive oil on the ends of rollers to prevent the ink from
drying up on the ends and tearing the rollers.

The ink can be mixed in a can. Pour the powder in, add
enough varnish to make a thick paste, mix thoroughly, then
add varnish gradually until the ink flows freely. The right
consistency of the ink can be ascertained only from a little
experience.

A properly made bronze ink today does not dry on the press
when the press is idle, as heretofore, consequently I would
suggest a wash-up at the noon hour only. Make sure that
the form and rollers travel together. On job-presses the
rollers should roll over the form absolutely, as sliding rollers
and faulty trucks will give a slurred appearance. See that
tracks and trucks are clean and dry.

For bond and cover stocks, use a special gold ink cover
base. After the form has been made ready, carry an additional
sheet, which should be dropped when applying the gold ink.
For the second printing, follow up with the bronze ink in four
or live hours, thereby completing your sheets on the same day.

Glazed enamel and highly coated stocks do not require
sizing; for exceedingly absorbent stock add a little varnish.
Therefore, for printing bronze ink without size, use the least
absorbent stock and you will eliminate any tendency of the
ink to rub off the surface, and a little care in your work will
more than repay you in the end, when observing the beautiful
results of the finished job. Carelessness on the part of the
workman not only proves laziness or lack of honesty, or both,
but is expensive to the employer.

Plate-Marking a Banquet Invitation.

A banquet invitation is submitted, the front page of which
is embellished by a sunken panel with generous margins. The
inquiry concerns the method of producing similar work inex¬
pensively. The following plan is suggested: Take a piece
of thin pressboard, mark out the size of the panel desired and,
with a sharp knife and a rule for a guide, cut through the board,
holding the blade at right angles to the board. When the
part is detached, rub down the edges of both the panel removed
and its counterpart, so as to have smooth edges to use as a
force in forming the panel. Fasten the outer part to the
under side of the mount of a half-tone plate, securing it firmly
with an even coating of glue. Lock it in a chase and put in a
press. Place a sheet of thick pressboard or strawboard behind
the form so that the half-tone will not be damaged by contact
with the bed of the press (as the half-tone will be locked top
side down). Fasten a sheet of rnanila to the platen, as smooth
as possible. Coat the surface of the cut-out panel with glue
(a thin, even coating should be applied), put a very small
spot of paste in the center on the opposite side of the panel,
and place the card on the half-tone mount inside of the outer
section already attached. The paste will hold it in position
until an impression is pulled, when the glue will cause it to
adhere to the rnanila sheet on the platen. Pull a number of
impressions in order to affix the panel firmly to the platen.
When this is done, guides may be glued to the rnanila sheet
on the platen. Then the sheets of cardboard or paper may be
fed to the guides. If the panel is to be sunken, reverse the
stock. The foregoing is a general plan which was described in
The Inland Printer, and which also appeared in a pamphlet

entitled “Wrinkles for Printers,” published some years ago.
A patented method of producing panels and other forms of
embossing with cardboard dies is in successful operation.

Overcoming Trouble with Bond-Paper on an
Automatic Feeder.

A platen pressman states that where trouble is experienced
in feeding bond-paper, such as letter-paper and other sizes,
with one of the automatic feeders, relief may be obtained by
rolling the lower left corner of the stock so that it will not be
caught by the return of the gripper piece that carries it down.
Also, that by keeping the top sheet well oiled many feeding
troubles are avoided.

Why Do Half-Tone Plates Show Dark on Edge?

A pressman sends a magazine page with a half-tone adjacent
to the inner margin. The inquiry relates to the dark edge on
the high-light part of the plate. The pressman states that
the plate is exactly type-high, and that a test shows the cylinder
is firm on the bed bearers. He desires to know how to avoid
the bad edge on the half-tone plates next to the white margins.
He also states that half-tones in center of pages are not affected
like those on margins of pages.

A nswcr. — Probably the most common cause for dark edges
on half-tone plates, and also of worn type and electros, is the
overpacking of the cylinders. This condition is a result of
having weak contact between the cylinder bearers and those
of the bed. The correspondent states that there is firm con¬
tact between cylinder and bed bearers. This phrase, “firm
contact,” is more or less relative, for if the test was made
without a heavy form under the cylinder it would be of no
value. The test should be made with the heaviest form and
with full packing and make-ready. If a cylinder is dressed
with sufficient packing to have it equal to the height of the
cylinder, or possibly one sheet additional, and firm contact
with the bed bearers is secured when a heavy form is on the
press, there should be no appreciable wear or abrasion of page
edges. It is quite certain that the “guttering” of the cylinder
will be overcome. The rumbling noise made by the cylinder
bearers when striking the bed bearers is characteristic of
machines that cause wear on page edges. Aim to keep the
machine in such a condition that no noise is made when a
heavy form runs under the cylinder.

THE NEW JOURNALISM.

“When the world struggle is over there will be a new
world and a new journalism. There will be no national
boundaries but a democracy of mind. Then life will be worth
writing about,” said William R. Lighten, former newspaper man
and author of the Billy Fortune stories, in addressing the
students in journalism at the University of Arkansas.

“In the past the word journalism has not meant much,”
continued Mr. Lighten. “It is a loose term, too big for
newspaper work. After the war there will be a new world
and life will take on a new meaning. The rubbish will all be
burned away and we will start all fresh. The world will be
thinking in common terms about the essentials. The news¬
paper which undertakes to begin life under new conditions
will have to play the game straight — by the fundamental
rules that go away back to the beginning of things.

“For the past twenty-five years the writers have had to
feel their way, because the big things that go to make a
democracy hadn’t been thought out. In fact, they must be
fought out. But in this new world, when people talk in one
vocabulary, think with one mind and love with one heart,
life will then be a thing of simple and understandable things.
The vital thing in new journalism will be character — the
conviction of your own heart and mind. All else will be trivial.”

March, igi8

THE INLAND PRINTER

795

NEW PRINTERS’ BUILDINGS.

HAT the printing industry is going forward
regardless of present conditions is evident
from the number of reports that are being
received from all sections of the country,
telling of new buildings being erected for
housing printing-plants. This presents an
encouraging situation, and shows that printers
have great faith in the future. And why
shouldn’t they? With the readjustment of business conditions,
which must come shortly, there will come an increased demand
for printing, and those companies which are best prepared to
give efficient service will be given first consideration.

The Gray Printing Company’s New Home.

The Gray Printing Company, of Fostoria, Ohio, celebrated
the opening of its new plant on New Year’s day, holding open
house all day long, and it is a mild statement to say that the
Grays are thoroughly deserving of the hearty congratulations
they received from their many visitors.

The company is composed of father and three sons —
George M. Gray, president; Merton B. Gray, office manager;
Gordon Gray, sales manager, and James G. Gray, factory
manager.

That teamwork is the spirit of the organization is shown in
the history of its past year. On January 13, 1917, the Grays
lost their establishment by fire. Three days later, the father,
by entering the wrong door, walked into an elevator shaft
on the third floor of a building and dropped to the first, which
put him out of commission for three months. The entire
responsibility of finding temporary quarters, purchasing new
machinery and equipment, as well as taking care of the cus¬
tomers, was therefore placed upon the shoulders of the three
sons. The manner in which they rose to the occasion and
demonstrated their ability to handle the business is seen in
the progress made.

The Grays profited by their experience, with the result
that the new building is thoroughly fire-proof, the walls being

The Grays.

Upper left-hand: George M. Gray, president. Upper right-hand:
Merton B. Gray, office manager. Lower left-hand: Gordon Gray, sales
manager. Lower right-hand, James G. Gray, factory manager.

special white treatment which insures a uniform diffusion of
light conducive to ideal working conditions. Mechanical
ventilation supplies fresh warm air in winter and cool air in
summer. This one large factory room gives the company

New Building of The Gray Printing Company, Fostoria, Ohio.

of a pleasing gray-white brick, the floors solid concrete, and
the windows of thick glass set in steel sash. As an extra
precaution, the entire plant is safeguarded by one of the latest
and most efficient sprinkler systems.

As will be seen from the accompanying half-tone, the factory
is filled with windows, giving an abundance of daylight on all
sides and plenty of fresh air. The interior has been given a

a compact, efficient, safe and healthful place in which to produce
the finest printing and catalogue work.

The ground floor of the spacious two-story building contains
a sales office, where all kinds of office equipment are handled;
stock and storage rooms; rest and cloak rooms for employees,
and also the receiving and shipping departments. On the
upper floor are the offices, the art and engraving departments.

View of the New Building and Plant of the “Gazette,” Red Lake Falls, Minnesota.

L'pper left-hand picture: Front view, also showing north side of building. Upper right-hand: A view of the composing-room, showing the job-presses and the stock-cabinet. Lower left-hand: Another

view of the composing-room. Door at extreme left leads into office. Lower right-hand: The newspaper pressroom in basement.

March , igi8

THE INLAND PRINTER

797

The ideas and knowledge of various efficiency engineers,
practical printers, architects and builders were freely drawn
upon; and these ideas were molded by George M. Gray, who
began drawing plans before he was able to leave his bed after
his accident.

A Model Country Print-Shop.

A writer in the November issue of The Inland Printer,
in describing the fine new home of the Brown, Blodgett & Sperry
Company, of St. Paul, Minnesota, stated that “The general
trend of the printing industry today is manifested in the
character of the buildings being erected for the purpose of
housing printing-plants.” This is no less true of the country
town print-shops than it is of the large city concerns, and we
find that country printers today are building structures as
carefully designed and as efficiently laid out as those of their
city brethren.

A concrete illustration is found in the building and plant
of the Red Lake Falls Gazette, a weekly paper and job-printing
office owned by George W. Christie and Horace W. Cutten,
of Red Lake Falls, Minnesota, a city of 2,200 people. Red
Lake Falls is a city built up by fire, and the modern plant of
the Gazette, like that of The Gray Printing Company previously
described, is directly due to a fire which, starting in an adjoining
building on February 15, 1917, completely wiped out the
Gazette plant, just four and one-half months after the proprietors
had purchased the paper.

Since a new building was imperative it was decided to build
one that would be a model of its kind and one that would
answer the needs of the community for years to come. The
resulting structure is one with which not only the proprietors
but also the citizens of the town are highly pleased. The
building, here illustrated, stands on the principal street of the
city in the heart of the business section, and is 25 feet in width
by 60 feet in length, one story and full basement. The base¬
ment is 9 feet and 6 inches from floor to ceiling, and the ground
floor 13 feet, 6 inches.

The lay of the land made it possible to build a basement,
the floor of which is only 2 feet below the ground line at the
rear, thus affording unsurpassed light for the basement news¬
paper pressroom. The basement walls are of concrete, 22
inches thick, and the walls above the foundation are of brick
and interlocking hollow tile. The front of the building is of
grayish tapestry brick with trimmings of Bedford stone, the
name of the paper being laid in the brick.

One of the best features of the building is the abundance
of light, as the photographs show, and it comes in from all
four sides.

The business office and editorial rooms are in the front of
the building, and are equipped with almost every convenience
and labor-saving device that could be profitably installed.
The editor’s telephone, for example, has an auxiliary head-banc!
receiver and transmitter cut-out key to facilitate the receiving
of news on the typewriter.

A partition reaching to the ceiling separates the front offices
from the composing and job-press room, 30 by 35 feet in size.
The upper part of this partition is of Florentine glass to allow
the light from the front to pass through to the composing-
room, and the glass is double paned to make the partition as
sound-proof as possible so that the front office may be free from
the noise of the machinery.

One of the photographs of the composing-room shows the
excellent north light that the linotype operator enjoys. In
addition to this window, which is 52 by 66 inches in size, there
are six large windows, 58 by 84 inches in size, in this one room,
making artificial light unnecessary during the daylight hours
on the darkest day. Plenty of space is allowed around the
presses, imposing-stones and type-cabinets so that the workmen
are never in each other’s way.

The layout was made by a St. Paul efficiency expert and the
arrangement decided upon leaves nothing to be desired. The
stock is received through the rear door, goes direct to the
stock-cabinet and then to the presses, and the type goes from
the linotype and cabinets to the job-stones and then to the
job-presses or to the news-stones and then direct to the elevator
for the newspaper press in the basement.

One photograph shows a corner of the newspaper pressroom,
25 by 30 feet in size, and one of the six 42 by 58 inch windows
which light the room; the remelting furnace is also shown in
the same picture. The building has the Moline system of
vapor heating, and the boiler is located in the front half of
the basement, which is separated from the pressroom by an
eight-inch solid concrete wall. This wall also gives a good
solid foundation upon which the linotype firmly rests.

After a lengthy consultation with the architect, it was
decided that a floor of wood construction would be more
feasible than the reinforced concrete, in this instance. The
construction adopted is practically as strong as concrete
without many of the disadvantages of concrete — the large
expense, hard floor for the workmen and the large number
of supporting pillars needed. The wooden joists are of 2 by 14
inch selected Washington fir timbers, spaced 12 inches between
centers and braced by a built-up girder of six 2 by 14’s, running
the full length of the building and supported by three posts
and the concrete wall aforementioned. The result is a floor
that does not vibrate in the slightest, even when all the presses
and the linotype are running full speed, which is more impor¬
tant than the material used.

The building is lighted at present with 100-watt nitrogen
lamps, but it is planned to install indirect lighting fixtures in
the near future. Electricity is used not only for light and
power but also to heat the melting-pot on the linotype, and
the owners of the Gazette state that they have found this
method of heating far superior to gas.

George W. Christie, the editor of the Gazette, has been
engaged in newspaper work for six years. He graduated in
1913, with the degree of B. A., from a four years’ course in
journalism at the University of Wisconsin, and after con¬
siderable experience on Milwaukee and Madison daily news¬
papers turned his attention to the country weekly field.
Horace W. Cutten, manager of the Gazette, has had fifteen
years’ experience in both city and country print-shops.

SIZZLING AT THE KEYBOARD.

BY ARTHUR G. LEISMAN,

Linotype operator “Merrill Daily Herald.”

Oh, ’tis heaven and bliss to sit down and drum
Sing-song tales of love, and with rhythmical hum
Dreamily work the keyboard;

But when from yon Normal a bevy of girls
Surround the machine with pretty smiles and curls,
And, flushed, I find myself enclosed snugly —

Oh, Torchy, really you ought to see me
Sizzling at the keyboard.

The foreman cries, “Hustle up the dopes of war
And with special speed run galleys galore
Of men dying by the sword.”

But how the deuce can I heave to as of old,

If some high school lassies are a bit too bold
When they besiege me with perfume exquisite?

For then I lose pep, and, helpless in my seat,

I sizzle at the keyboard.

I care not a fig if a screw loses charm.

And a squirt of metal singes my bare arm —

Things like this oft have occurred;

But, Torchy, when lovely peaches, sweet and gay,
Bend o’er my shoulders in a whimsical way,

And above the hum of the machine I hear
Their hearts beating e’er so near, you’ll find me there
Sizzling at the keyboard.

March , igi8

THE INLAND PRINTER

798

IS THERE NEED FOR MORE PROTECTION FOR
TYPE-FACES?

BY WALDON FAWCETT.

S there need for more protection, under the law,
for original type-faces? This is, indeed, a
mooted question if there ever was one, and,
furthermore, it is a question that has lately
been brought to the fore by various influencing
events, not the least significant of which is an
effort to induce the Congress of the United
States to enact laws that would, in effect,
hedge about with restrictions type-faces registered at the
United States Patent Office, even as the copyright laws now
confer exclusive privileges for the reproduction of pictorial and
literary matter entered in the Library of Congress.

The controversy as to what safeguards it is meet for Uncle
Sam to afford against the imitation or duplication of a dis¬
tinctive type-face is one that, strictly speaking, touches the
practical printers of the country but indirectly. As a matter
of fact, however, the contact with the whole printing industry,
though indirect, is so extensive that it behooves all workers in
the graphic arts to give some heed to the tug-of-war. More¬
over, the national legislature has let it be known that it is not
the intention to place on the federal statute books the suggested
new laws applicable to type-faces until there has been had a
fuller expression of public sentiment on the subject, so that
there is something of an obligation for the thoughtful printer
to range himself on one side or the other in this debate, accord¬
ing to the dictates of his conscience and the nature of his
business interests.

In the line-up that has taken place since it was suggested
that Congress give new status to type-faces for which the
asset of novelty is claimed, we find few printers appearing in
the open as either supporters or opponents of the proposal.
Rather may it be said that the public discussion has been con¬
fined for the most part to interests engaged in the production
of type and typecasting machines. On one side we have
various prominent typefounders urging provisions of law that
will enable them to hold inviolate every type-face that they
develop. On the other side are ranged in opposition manu¬
facturers of typesetting machines who take a let-well-enough-
alone attitude and argue that our present patent laws afford
all the protection that is needed for new contributions to the
supply of type-faces.

Looming behind the issue of additional protection for type¬
faces, and perhaps calculated to dictate its ultimate disposition,
is the question of what constitutes originality in type-faces.
Even the bitterest opponents of the Design Registration Bill,
which has been introduced at several successive sessions of
Congress with the support of leading typefounders, have
declared time and again that they are in favor of rewarding
originality and invention, but their vision of what constitutes
new creations is apparently much narrower than that of the
typefounders. To be exact, it is the contention of these critics
that any extension of the latitude of our patent system such
as has been suggested would enable the typefounders to arro¬
gate to themselves monopolies of sweeping scope by the
expedient of registering designs claimed to be mere modifica¬
tions of type-faces known to the printing art for many years.

It has been a lane of many turnings, the pathway of type
protection in the United States. Oddly enough, the past few
years has brought a court decision of such significance as a
precedent for future prosecutions that, could it have been
anticipated by the typefounders, it would perhaps have ren¬
dered them less eager for the relief which they have imagined
could be found only in new legislation along the lines of the
Design Registration Bill recommended for passage in the
House of Representatives some time since. That there are

not in our court annals more cases involving rights in type¬
faces is said to be due solely to discouragement of long standing
on the part of originating typefounders — discouragement over
the prospect that the average tribunal could be induced to
regard a font of type as a fit subject for monopoly.

For a considerable interval the arbiters at the United States
Patent Office declined to concede that type was eligible to
protection under our design patent laws. Designs refer, of
course, to appearance and not to mechanical utility, but in
order to obtain Uncle Sam’s sanction a design must show
invention, and in cases such as the Schmohl case the Patent
Office tribunals held that “slight changes” in a font of type
did not involve invention in view of what was old in the art.
However, a memorable appeal over the heads of subordinates
to the United States Commissioner of Patents brought a ruling,
as a result of which “invented” type-faces may win patent
recognition.

That typefounders have up to this time made so little
effort to invoke the protection of the law for their designs
has been due to the outcome of what might be termed “test
cases” which were tried years ago. The typefounders sought
redress in two different directions, first, on the score of patent
infringement, and then, later, on the plea of unfair competi¬
tion, only to be balked at each turn. The death knell of a
United States patent as a means of establishing property
rights in a type-face was seemingly sounded when Judge Holt,
sitting in the United States District Court for the Southern
District of New York, threw out the case of the American Type
Founders Company versus Damon & Peets. Referring to a
popular type-face, to establish a monopoly in which was the
object of the suit, the judge said: “In my opinion the patent
in this case is void because it shows no patentable invention,
and because it shows no such peculiar configuration or orna¬
mentation in the type as would authorize a design patent.”

Typefounders declare, especially in the light of recent
events, that if they had it to do over again, that pacemaking
case would have been appealed to higher courts; and if it had
been, the history of the type-supply business in the United
States, in its later stages, might have been somewhat different
from what it has been. However, the typefounders, discour¬
aged by this rebuff, abandoned for the time being reliance upon
design patents and sought to throw up business defenses by
recourse to the laws against unfair competition.

The test case in this instance was that of the Keystone
Type Foundry versus the Portland Publishing Company —
the latter figuring as a sort of proxy for the real defendant, the
National Compositype Company — and involved alleged copy¬
ing of the well-known “Caslon Bold” face. The outcome was
no more agreeable to the typefounders than had been their
effort to invoke patent protection. The Keystone Type
Foundry carried the case up to a United States Circuit Court
of Appeals, but the decision was adverse to the typefounders,
thus ending, for all time probably, effort to establish type-face
simulation or duplication as an act of unfair competition.

Thus matters rested for nigh half a decade, and then in
the case of the Keystone Type Foundry versus David S.
Wynkoop, effort was renewed to invoke the protection of the
patent laws. In this instance the tables were turned and the
outcome was a victory for the type-producers that will prob¬
ably bring about a new policy in the trade. This decision was
handed down comparatively recently, and, oddly enough, the
case was tried in the District Court of the United States for
the Southern District of New York, precisely the same juris¬
diction that years back produced the decision that so discour¬
aged typefounders in their efforts to use the patent laws to
hold off small typefounders or others prone to flatter a meri¬
torious type-face by imitation.

The type-face involved in this recent epoch-making decision
was the “John Hancock” design, and, as it happened, the

March , 1918

THE INLAND PRINTER

799

patent on this design expired while the case was in the courts.
However, Judge Sheppard, finding that the design in question
for a font of type “was for a good invention under the statute
and not anticipated by any of the numerous prior patents or
showings in prior publications,” declared that the type manu¬
factured by Wynkoop was an infringement, and that this being
the case the Keystone Type Foundry was entitled to the
amount of damages sustained through the infringement up to
the day on which the patent expired. That Judge Sheppard
does not believe that the federal courts should indulge in
splitting of hairs when offering protection to patented type¬
faces, seems to be indicated by one comment in his opinion.
Referring to the contention that the “John Hancock” face was
similar to other faces shown or patented at earlier dates, he
said: “While one or two letters or figures of the font may be
similar to the like characters on the prior patents, a casual
examination clearly demonstrates that there is such dissimi¬
larity of configuration and ornamentation of the font as
involves patentable invention.”

Interests in the trade that oppose a policy of liberality on
the part of Uncle Sam in protecting type-faces are not only
unreconciled to the logic adduced in this recent case, but the
incident has, if anything, intensified their opposition to the
legislative measures under consideration at Washington. They
claim that even under the present law the Patent Office officials
have practically given up any attempt to distinguish between
the various type-designs, old and new, and assert that the
confusion which they conceive now to exist will be augmented
a hundredfold if “indiscriminate” registration of type-faces is
permitted.

The Lanston Monotype Machine Company, in a commu¬
nication sent to senators at Washington, took the position that
there should be allowed no registration of type-faces the char¬
acteristics of which can be shown to have been known in the
printing art, or as designs of similar character, prior to the
filing of an application for registration. The protestant fears
that any broadening of the present system of design protection
would enable persons to register by the thousands “theoretical
designs,” aimed to cover all conceivable forms, variations and
applications of a valuable or popular basic design.

Producers of typecasting machines express solicitude regard¬
ing the unrestricted use in future of long-known faces such as
Jenson, Elzevir, Bodoni, Didot, Caslon, Gothic, etc. As they
visualize the situation, the establishment by Congress of any
system of design registration such as is contemplated would
have the effect of rendering it possible for typefounders to tie
up, irrevocably, variations in bold face, expanded face and
condensed face, differing, as they say, “only in microscopic
respect” from the faces which they have come to regard as
common property.

On the other hand, the typefounders have told Congress
that, without assurance of opportunity to reap the reward of
constructive designing, they will be deterred from the invest¬
ment of money and effort necessary to bring out, at frequent
intervals, the distinctive new type-faces upon which the
printers of the country depend. Much has been made, in the
representations to congressmen, of the imitation sustained by
the Cheltenham faces. Robert W. Nelson, president of the
American Type Founders Company, in a frank statement to
a group of United States senators, recently declared that his
corporation had expended more than $100,000 in designing,
cutting and showing the faces of the Cheltenham family, only
to face the competition of interests that “copied” each size
that was salable.

This disposition on the part of “borrowers” of type-faces
to reproduce only the designs that are assured a successful
sale seems adding insult to injury in the estimation of Mr.
Fairchild, who was spokesman at Washington for the Keystone
Type Foundry, even as Mr. Nelson was for the American.

Mr. Fairchild figures that a typefounder has from $25,000 to
$100,000 invested in every successful type-face that attains
vogue in the trade. His estimate is that it costs from $10,000
to $30,000 to bring out a new face that is a candidate for the
honor of being a “best seller,” and, inasmuch as, according to
his statement, a typefounder may bring out half a dozen dif¬
ferent faces ere he strikes one that pleases the fancy of the
printers, it is easy to understand that there may be a heavy
investment to be returned by the type-face that makes good.
“The machine-man does not copy the failures,” says Mr. Fair-
child, rather ruefully, and he also would have a certain sym¬
pathy extended to creative typefounders because they are
compelled, as he portrays, to put out a successful commercial
face in from ten to twenty sizes in order to get the “fat” out
of the medium sizes — the eight sizes, say, out of the fifteen
or twenty that are used to any extent.

Representatives of firms such as the Lanston Monotype
Machine Company and the Thompson Type Machine Com¬
pany, that are averse to having Uncle Sam confer any new
privileges upon the typefounders, have not hesitated to raise
some questions as to the figures which the typefounders have
given to Congress to indicate the expense of bringing out new
type-faces. It is the contention of the objectors to action by
Congress that the large sums quoted represent to only a minor
extent the actual designing of a new face, but involve for the
most part the casting of the type, and its exploitation to the
trade, etc.

Typefounders, very naturally, are insisting upon resting
their case to some extent on the good-will and trade rights
which they feel that they should enjoy in their special designs
or original foundry faces. Their contention is that these dis¬
tinctive faces are universally recognized by printers as identi¬
fying the product of the respective foundries originating them
— that, indeed, such faces are respected as the trade-marks
of the foundries even as the trade-marks of other manufacturers
in different lines are recognized and respected. Stress has also
been laid upon the fact that the well-known typefoundries of
the country are wont to recognize the exclusive rights of each
other to the faces that they severally create or originate or
introduce, and that upon such recognition is dependent to a
considerable degree the place occupied by each foundry in the
graphic arts. However, since the United States Court, in
deciding the unfair-competition case, failed to recognize “Cas¬
lon Bold” as a trade-mark or trade-name entitled to protection
under the common law, this aspect must henceforth be more
or less sentimental, and any prerogatives that an innovator
enjoys with respect to his type-faces must be based on such
protection as our patent system affords.

Practical printers may be interested in the circumstance
that in the current controversy there has been raised the ques¬
tion of the ability of printers to distinguish between similar
type-faces under conditions more or less difficult. For example,
there have lately been filed as “exhibits,” for the benefit of
the legislators at the seat of government, a number of speci¬
mens of printing designed to show how presswork, manipulation
in handling or variations in the character of the paper may,
on the one hand, level differences between similar but distinct
type-faces, or may, on the other hand, create apparent differ¬
ences where none really exist. Some of the exhibits indicate
how different are the impressions obtainable from one identical
font of type by the use, respectively, of hard and soft papers,
contrasts in the class of inks used, and other contributory
factors. Other “sample pages” indicate what uniformity of
appearance may be obtained by skilful printers from type¬
faces that are in reality so different from one another that the
United States Patent Office is declared to be justified in grant¬
ing a separate design patent for each. “How is a printer to
protect himself?” is a question that has been asked in seeking to
point a moral from the supposed possibilities of such confusion.

Soo

THE INLAND PRINTER

March, igi8

Both parties to the controversy being agreed that it is the
interests of employing and operating printers that are in
jeopardy, it may be suggested, in conclusion, that it would not
be amiss for printers who have any personal convictions on
this question of what measure of protection should be accorded
type-face novelties to communicate their opinions to their
senators and representatives in Congress. As matters stand,
the representatives of the people who will sooner or later have
to vote on this issue are, most of them, seriously in doubt as
to just what is best and what is desired by the rank and file
of the exponents of the graphic arts. In their eagerness to
have their arguments appear authoritative, spokesmen for the
typefounders and for the type-machine interests have each
declared that they “represented” the printers of the country.
No wonder the congressmen, who have no intimate knowledge
of conditions in the printing art, are somewhat mystified.

It is perhaps best to explain, too, in the interest of entire
accuracy, that it does not appear that all manufacturers of
typecasters, etc., are opposed to allowing the typefounders to
have the additional protection they seek. This is perhaps due
to the fact that certain makers of typesetting machines are
already purchasing from typefoundries the “right of repro¬
duction” on distinctive faces, an arrangement which the
founders would like to make compulsory for all interests in
the field. Other makers of typesetting machines evidently
consider that the royalties or license fees demanded are exces¬
sive. At least the Lanston Company some years ago designated
as “prohibitive” a quotation of $100 per size for the right of
reproduction on Caslon Bold, declaring that the fee of $800
demanded for the eight sizes it was desired to reproduce was
“far more than we could hope to recover for many years.”
However, whatever the outcome in Congress, the recent decision
in the Keystone-Wynkoop case may pave the way for radical
new policies in this art.

DANGER IN CUTTING ADVERTISING.

In an article entitled “Some Lessons for America,” which
is one of a series on business readjustments after the war,
appearing in the recent issues of Manufacturers’ News, F. W.
Wilson-Lawrenson writes:

“May I now point out a danger, the ever-present danger
which confronts those industries that have to change their product —
namely, the tendency to reduce selling cost hy decreasing an
efficient sales force and cutting the advertising appropriation
proportionately?

“It must be remembered that while certain established
industries will make little or no profit during the period of the
war, there are industries making materials for the various
governments, be it shoes or guns, which will make large profits
during the war. The materials which are being sold to these
governments are made in factories which cost large sums of
money to erect.

“ Let us not he so foolish as to think for a moment that at the
close of the war, when there will he no longer a demand for the
products of war, these expensive plants will he scrapped.

“That would be economic foolishness. Rather will they
be used to manufacture products that will enter the lists in com¬
petition with already established business, and, further, this
competition will be backed up by money made during the war.

“Is it wise to seriously reduce advertising appropriations when
we realize that competition at the close of the war is likely to be
more serious than ever before?

“Can we not gain something from the experience of British
manufacturers, who, in spite of the fact that in a number of cases
they are not allowed to turn out a single unit of their product, are
yet continuing their advertising and in some cases increasing it?

“I71 my judgment, the sales and advertising manager who is
functioning correctly at the present crisis is he who, while endeavor¬

ing to line his company up to handle products which are essential,
continues to build the best possible selling organization and keeps
resolutely before the American people the value of a commodity on
which hundreds of thousands, and possibly millions, of dollars
have already been spent.

“ Carefully weighing my words, and with the full realization
of the serious nature of what I am saying, I am absolutely con¬
vinced that any manufacturer who plans otherwise, who plans
with but the present in mind, is taking a step which will bring
disaster to his business.

“Inefficient advertising and selling are responsible for the
high cost of distribution today, the waste of salesmen’s time,
probably the most expensive constituent of marketing.

“Advertising can be a great factor in reducing this waste
by lessening the period between the salesman’s initial approach
and the making of a sale.

“In American business, in order to effect economies in
distribution, advertising must be made scientific and selling
more thorough, and both more coordinated. Unnecessary and
uneconomic factors must be eliminated.”

In a later issue of the same journal there appeared an
editorial under the heading, “Now Is the Time to Advertise,”
reading as follows:

“Too many industrial advertisers look upon publicity
expense from the country merchant’s point of view. They
seem to overlook the fact that they are producing staple
commodities of nation and world wide use and consequently
can not conduct their advertising campaigns on the bargain
day principle.

“John Wanamaker used to say that the best way to do
business is to be prepared for it. There are but two ways of
doing a profitable business, and they go hand in hand. One
is to produce the best article of its kind in the market; the
other, to let the trade and public know that you are producing it.

“After peace is restored the markets of America will be
flooded with goods of foreign manufacture. There will be
peace among the nations, but the fiercest competition trade
has ever known. Human nature is so constituted that people
will buy either the cheapest wares offered or else pay a premium
for articles a knowledge of whose merits has been impressed
upon their minds by advertising.

“Preparedness, as we know by this time, is half of the
battle. The manufacturer who will keep and increase his
market after the war is he who instead of cutting his advertising
appropriation increases it. To stop advertising now, just
because one’s plant is working to full capacity, is a penny-wise
policy.

“Nothing but efficiency will count in the after-war struggle,
and judicious advertising during the continuance of the war is
the first step toward winning a great commercial victory.”

OVER FIFTEEN HUNDRED STARS IN I. T. U.
SERVICE FLAG.

On November 15, the last time they were counted, there
were 1,518 stars in the service flag of the International Typo¬
graphical Union, and many more have been added since.

The I. T. U. has issued from headquarters at Indianapolis
an interesting booklet in honor of members who have responded
to their country’s call, the facts given therein leaving no doubt
but that the journeymen printers and apprentices are doing
their bit in the struggle for democracy.

In addition to the names of all the members who have
joined the armies and navies of the United States and Canada,
fifty-five are listed as having lost their lives in the service.
It is divulged therein that the union has paid $17,025 to the
beneficiaries of those who have given up their lives. Liberty
bonds have been bought by the Executive Council of the Inter¬
national union to the amount of $60,000.

March, igi8

THE INLAND PRINTER

Soi

BY E. M. KEATING.

The experiences of composing-machine operators, machinists and users are solicited, with the object of the widest possible dissemination of knowledge

concerning the best methods of obtaining results.

Which Back Mold-Wiper Should be Used ?

An Illinois operator asks us to recommend the best back
mold-wiper, as he is going to apply one to a machine not now
so equipped. He also asks our opinion as to whether the mold
is cleaned with a slug in or when it is empty.

Answer. — The question regarding the cleaning of the back
of the mold mechanically has been answered by the making
of a new back mold-wiper which cleans off the mold just after
the slug is trimmed by the back knife. This wiper may be
attached to any outstanding machine by drilling two holes
just beneath the back knife. The advantage of wiping the
mold while the slug is in it is that there is little or no danger
of rounding off the back edges. It is well known that the
felt wipers pick up oxids displaced during the cast. The
oxid is an abrasive of sufficient power to cause the rounding
of the edges of the mold, as commonly occurs with the old
wiper. We believe the new wiper will prevent this trouble.
Before applying the new wiper separate the pieces of felt and
rub into each one a small amount of graphite and oil in the
form of a paste. Some one has suggested that the application
of blue ointment to the felt wipers at this time would be
beneficial. It appears to be a good suggestion. The new
wiper may be procured from the Mergenthaler Linotype
Company with blue-print directions for attaching.

Care of Machines According to Schedule.

An Ohio linotype machinist writes : “Kindly give me infor¬
mation on the following subjects: (i) Recently I saw a sched¬
ule of work to be performed by the machinist in charge of the
machines on one of the papers in Washington, D. C., and I
noticed, among other things, that he is required to face off the
pot mouthpiece once a week with a carborundum stone. Is
this an aid in keeping the mouthpiece true; if so, how is it done?
I have a carborundum stone which is perfectly square and I
have rubbed it across the mouthpiece several times, but it
seems to cut more in the center than on the ends even though
the mouthpiece was a trifle hollow in the center before I used
the stone. (2) What is the best and quickest way to put in
a lower key rod guide on a Model 5? (3) What can be done

to prevent the outside first-elevator jaw scraping the inter¬
mediate bar? (4) Should one of the cams break — for instance,
the justification or second-elevator cam — on a Model 5
machine, how would I proceed to remove the cam-shaft to get
the broken cam off and the new one on? (5) If metal adheres
to but one spaceband in a set — and that band is a new one,
never having been used, but to which the metal has adhered
since the first day it was in the machine — would you consider
the spaceband at fault and remove it?”

Answer. — (1) The rubbing down of the mouthpiece becomes
necessary when it is warped or if the mold is warped and you
must make both line up. If the latter condition is present it
is of little value to face up the mouthpiece with a carborundum
stone. A contact test is necessary in any case to be certain
6-7

that the mold and mouthpiece are true in relation to each other.
Doubtless you are familiar with the ink test, which, practically,
consists of cleaning the back of mold, inking the entire surface
thereof evenly with a thin coating of red ink, and allowing the
cams to make one revolution. The ink transfer to the pot
mouthpiece will show you the evenness of contact. A sharp¬
cutting file can be used to take down the high places. Repeat
the test after each dressing of the surface.

(2) There is no quick way of putting in a lower keyrod
guide. Remove the cam frames and detach the keyrod springs.
Remove the lower guide and bar. Take the guide off the bar
and substitute a new one. Putting the rods into their respec¬
tive holes is perhaps the hardest and most trying part of the
work.

(3) Do not try to prevent inside edge of the first-elevator
jaw rubbing on the intermediate bar. This is necessary in order
that the exact position of the elevator in relation to the second-
elevator bar be assured. The friction at this point can be
minimized by frequently rubbing graphite on the parts that
rub. This will include the duplex-rail levers and block. The
proper lubrication of these parts with graphite will prevent
the unusual noise as the elevator seats in the guide.

(4) Replacing a cam involves the removal of the entire
set of cams. The operation includes over fifteen different
steps. It is explained in detail in “The Mechanism of the
Linotype,” published by The Inland Printer.

(5) When a spaceband picks up metal and has been properly
rubbed on a soft board and graphited, we would suggest that
you procure a sheet of crocus cloth, lay it on a piece of glass or
on a galley, and polish the sleeve of the band by rubbing it
up and down in the direction of its greatest length. Give it a
careful polishing in that manner, then rub it in a similar way
on a soft board with graphite spread over it. Try this space-
band and examine it occasionally. If metal is again found
on the sleeve, you should remove it and have a new one
applied to the wedge.

Magazine Plate Deflected.

“I am a reader of your magazine, especially of the Machine
Composition department, and receive much help from the
suggestions offered, but a few things have come up that I
have not been able to find any reference to in that department;
at least, I failed to discover them. The machine is a new
Model 18, and is in excellent condition with the exception of
a few little inconveniences which occur once in awhile, and these
are probably faults of my own operating. If so, I would like
to know and rectify them. The machine was installed recently
and has been running like a top with these exceptions, and they
just showed up lately, so far as I know about, them. One
trouble, which occurs occasionally, is in the distributor. The
machine will run for days without a stop there, and then for
a few hours, or possibly half a day, it will bother. The trouble
comes in the center of the magazine, or along the characters

So 2

THE INLAND PRINTER

March, igi8

of the thin space and on for a few channels, including the en
leader, apostrophe and figure i, which are usually the ones
that clog. They seem to stop in the entrance to magazine —
the first one stopping there just long enough to let the next
following come in beside it, and then, of course, filling up the
distributor-entrance channel and stopping the distributor if it
is not discovered before. The magazine is clean and the
matrices are in good condition. By running in a lot of letters
and stopping the distributor just before the letters drop, and
then removing the belt and turning the screws by hand, I found
that the matrix hung up by the back bottom ear of the letter
hanging against the top of the magazine, and hesitated for an
instant before dropping into magazine, at times long enough
for the next one to drop in beside it, and then, of course, they
block. In fact, all the matrices seem to strike the upper side
of the magazine a trifle, but none of them stop. They will
run for days without a bit of trouble, then for a time they will
give trouble without any apparent reason. No adjustments
on the machine have been changed. The magazine looks as
if it might have sagged a little in the center, over the place
where the trouble occurs; but if so, it is so little that it is hardly
noticeable. The only thing that leads me to think it might be
is that there is a trifle more space between it and the bar that
lies across the top (the one that slides over the end of maga¬
zine when not in use or when removing), but it might be that
the bar is bowed up; the space is only about the thickness of
a piece of paper anyway. This magazine is the top one —
eight-point. The lower one contains twelve-point, and never
troubles. Another difficulty is, the slug sometimes has a bad
letter or two on the left end and sometimes prints as if it might
be a trifle lower for about two ems on that end. The plunger
and well are cleaned every day, the holes in the well are kept
cleaned out and open, and the air vents in the mouthpiece
are also kept open. Is it possible for the back trimming-knife
to be set so as to trim more from that end of a slug? It seems
to be set to trim even, and I don’t see that the trouble could
be with it. The metal is heated by an electric heater and the
temperature stays around 550, or a little above, all the time.
How do you put in a new spring on the back mold-wiper?
The present one has been pulled loose by removing metal that
had stuck to it from a squirt.”

Answer. — The catching of matrices at the upper edge of
the magazine is probably due to the deflection upwards of the
lower channel plate of the magazine. This' trouble was possibly
brought about by a matrix being caught between the magazine
and the magazine entrance, and when the magazines were
shifted the matrix caused the upward movement of the lower
plate. You can fix it yourself by springing it downward
again, using a block of wood, or by placing a slug against the
surface and giving it a downward pressure. This, of course,
must be done when the magazine is off the machine. We have
seen the effect of this trouble on machines where the operator
lowered the magazines while matrices were crossing the joint
between entrance and magazine, and it was remedied as
described. The low letters on the slug are probably due to
air imprisoned just beneath the face of the slug. When you
have this trouble again, remove the plunger and brush out
grooves, then graphite the plunger and return it to the pot.
Increase the pump-lever spring stress to the outer notch of lever
and, with the point of a knife-blade, clean out the lines between
the jets of the pot mouthpiece. Keep metal to the proper
height in the pot. All of the foregoing tends toward solid slugs
with a sharp face. To apply new springs on the back mold-
wiper that is attached beneath the back knife, remove the
mold-disk and withdraw pin from the long stud on the wiper.
While the wiper is out, take the felt pieces out and coat each one
on both sides with a mixture of vaseline and graphite, rubbing
it well into the felt. Oildag is excellent for this purpose.

Border-Slide Gives Trouble in Casting.

An operator sends a six-point border-slide and states that
he can not get the slug to eject after it is cast unless he opens
the knife wider than six points. We have tried the identical
slide on a machine and it gave no trouble on ejecting. We
even set the trimming-knife so as to reduce the thickness to
.083 inch and it still ejected without hesitation. The operator
may possibly have a clutch that is not pulling with full
efficiency, or he may have mold-liners that are bruised in such
a way that his slug is thicker than standard. The mold may
need polishing. As no slug accompanied the slide we were
unable to determine any condition that might be manifested
by its appearance. The foregoing suggestions may help the
operator discover the real cause.

Charles W. Edwards.

Mr. Edwards, who, as a printer, made his headquarters in San Fran¬
cisco, California, is now with the 114th Aero Squadron, at Richmond,
Virginia. In sending the above picture, he writes on the reverse side:
“Favorite pastime of a flyer when there’s nothing to do till tomorrow.
Flying is somewhat like the printing business — one is always ‘ up in the
air.’ ”

SOUNDS LIKE MARK.

The first paragraph ever written by Mark Twain has been
dug up. Written when he first took a job on a country news¬
paper, it does no harm to his reputation as a humorist and fur¬
nished a proof of what was to follow. Mark, on his first job,
sat down and wrote: “A sunset made Beranger a poet, a
mother’s kiss made Benjamin West an artist, and $15 per week
makes us a journalist.” — Chicago Daily News.

March , igi8

THE INLAND PRINTER

803

BY J. C. MORRISON.

Editors and publishers of newspapers, desiring criticism or notice of new features in their papers, rate-cards, procuring of subscriptions and advertisements,
carrier systems, etc., are requested to send all letters, papers, etc., bearing on these subjects, to The Inland Printer Company, 632 Sherman street, Chicago.

If criticism is desired, a specific request must be made by letter or postal card.

Community Date-Book,

At the head of the local columns in an exchange I note
under the caption “Community Date-Book,” a listing of the
dates of meetings, entertainments, etc., for the forthcoming
week. In another exchange I note that all organization
notices of meetings are put in a separate column under an
appropriate head. Both are good ideas.

An Epigram.

On visiting a newspaper office recently where two or three
competent printers were busy in the mechanical end while
the editor-publisher-bookkeeper-solicitor-salesman-office boy
was trying to do two or three men’s work in the office,
with no cost-records to give him any insight into his business
and no time to handle the business or editorial work in a
constructive way (whose plant also carries a mortgage of
several years’ standing), my unspoken observation of the
condition of affairs took this epigrammatic form, “How easy
it is for the boss to lose in the front office what the boys make
in the back office.”

“ What ‘ They Say.’ ”

The Canby (Minn.) News has an interesting department
each week made up of remarks dropped in the reporter’s
hearing by various people about town. These remarks are
generally not credited to the person saying them, but quoted
and published under the general caption of “What ‘They
Say.’ ”

The department is full of human interest, for the remarks
are just the things that people do say, and vary all the way
from the story of some village joke to tabloid interviews on
great national questions. Here are a few samples taken at
random :

They tell me that chicken thieves are getting busy in the country.
Several poultry houses have been robbed.

It is just a matter of a short time now when you people will have to
build a Teachers’ Home in Canby to house the teachers. I have said this
for five years.

Common table board in Norway is $51.00 per month

Every one who takes out insurance policies of any kind will feel that
there is a war on. On life-insurance policies there is to be a tax of 8 cents
on each $100 in the policy. The fire-insurance policy tax amounts to 1 cent
on each $1 premium paid. I don’t know if this applies to old policies or
not; the Canby agent didn’t tell me.

Three Indians in the settlement at Granite Falls are in the next draft.
They understand all about the war and are eager to do their bit.

Don’t kick on 3-cent postage. Better pay a little more than have the
Kaiser’s picture on your stamps.

John D. Anderson has just finished a garage big enough for two cars.

“Views and Interviews” also make an interesting
department in some papers — ■ short statements concerning
miscellaneous matters of interest by well-known citizens.
People are always ready to talk about a trip, to give
reminiscences, to suggest some local improvement, or express

an opinion on some matter of public concern. Often it is
difficult to put this matter in the regular news columns without
straining a point, and yet it is intensely interesting to the
readers, though no small chore for the editor to keep it going.

The A B C of Advertising Rates.

On “counting the cost” at the end of the year I find that
the total cost of producing my weekly paper (generally a six-
column quarto) for the year 1917, was $5,598.65. There
were 486 pages, and the cost per page was, therefore, $11.52.
But 56 of the 486 pages were devoted to official notices in
supplement form and produced cooperatively with other
papers at a cost of $336. The other 430 regular pages, there¬
fore, cost $5,260.65 or $12.23 Per page.

Now, if it costs $12 a page on the average to produce a
newspaper, then if half the pages are devoted to reading-
matter and half to advertising, the advertising will cost $24
a page or 20 cents per inch. If only one-third of the paper
is devoted to advertising, then the advertising pages will
cost $36 a page or 30 cents per inch. If only one-fourth of
the paper is advertising, then the advertising pages will cost
$48, or 40 cents per inch.

Where these costs obtain, therefore, the publisher who
keeps his paper loaded with advertising on a fifty-fifty basis
can sell that advertising at 20 cents, take his subscription
receipts in lieu of profit, and have a profitable business; but
how can a publisher who does not sell more than one-third or
one-fourth of the space in his paper expect to have a profitable
business when his advertising space is costing him 30 or 40
cents and he is perhaps selling it for 10 cents?

There is much more to be said on advertising costs, but
no publisher can know what advertising space costs him until
he first knows what it costs him to produce his newspaper.

A “ Horrible Example ” in Rate-Cards.

A friend sends me a rate-card from Oklahoma with the
notation, “It may be that the publishers have learned how to
extract a living from the atmosphere. If not, how in the world
do they make enough from newspaper income on the basis of
such rate-cards to make it possible for them to keep body and
soul together?” Here is a copy of the card enclosed:

Rate-Card, Daily and Weekly — Circulation of weekly, 1,830; Circu¬
lation of daily 960, daily issued every evening except Sunday.

Rate tor Weekly — 15 cents per inch per issue. Yearly contracts
for space exceeding 25 inches, 10 cents. Locals, 5 cents per line per week.

Rate for Daily — 6 cents per inch each insertion, with 3J4 cents per
thousand for composition, in case advertisement does not run to exceed
ten days and if changes are made very often. No deviation from this rate,
and no commissions made.

Locals and reading-notices 10 cents per line per week. No locals taken
for less than 25 cents, nor for less than 5 cents per line.

Particular attention is paid to setting advertisements attractively, and
make-up man is instructed to make up forms with a view to giving adver¬
tisements position that will attract notice of reader.

804

THE INLAND PRINTER

March , igi8

A Helpful Press-Agent.

M. J. McGowan of the Appleton (Minn.) Press, was
recently drafted for service as the publicity agent of the
Federal Food Administration for Minnesota, and the first
piece of publicity he sent out was a dummy for a full-page
advertisement. The caption extending across the top and a

MEATLESS and WHEATLESS Days are
Sure Steps Toward Fightless Days

Mealless Tuesday Whealless Monday arid Wednesday Porkless Saturday

War-Time is Ihe Time When
Everybody Pulls Together

OUR CO-OPERATION
IS TWO-SIDED - • •

1st We are trying to conduct our
business in a way that will help the
Food Administration in its great

i the food regulations

Our Grocery Department Is At Your
Service.

Simons Bros. Bazaar

-HELP YOURSELF TO THE POTATOES-

Do You Like Them Baked?

R. A. BROWN - Grocer

Victory Bread

will contain SO per cent White Flotir
and 20 per cent substitutes-C o r n .
Barley or Rice Flour ....

You won't think of it as one of the in¬
conveniences of war but as the kind
you prefer if you get it at

Sheehan’s Bakery

Whealless Day Menu

a®*1

Lenten Season 1918

FEB. 13TH TO MARCH 3IST

We carry a good line of

Red Salt Salmon
Black Cod dsh
Salmon Troul
While Fish

IstcrSild (Herring)
Smoked Salmon

Smoked Herring

Boneless Herring

Canned Goods
Canned Salmon
Canned Oysters

Canned Eish Balls
Canned S

Some Helpful
Suggestions for
The Home Food
Administrator

10c EACH
Canned Corn

Canned Peas

Canned Beans

Canned Soups

Cheese-Preserves

Jams and Jellies
Fresh Fruits and Canned Fruits

A. E. Aarnes & Son

Meatless Day Menu

BSr.J

|i§llgpc . .

ggjjT™

s=§sr . .

FISHING IS GOOD
ON MEATLESS DAYS

- AT-

Waldeck & Cooley’s

EveryCWs&layand Friday we have

Fresh Pike

WALDECK & GOOLEY

Lei Us Help You Plan Your
Whealless and Meatless Days—

You will find all substitutes obtain-

every effort to obs.
meatless meals and help Uncle Sam
chase the Kaiser off the map.

E HAVg A VICTORY T

Our Government asks ui
Our pocketbooks tel l us to 'economize
Our habits we've had to revolutionize
So if you will our bakery patronize
We'll certainly try to specialize

War Bread Oatmeal Rocks

Graham Bread Oalmcal Cookies

Rye Bread Graham Cookies

Barley Bread

ON WHEATLESS DAYS

The City Bakery

Food-conservation page arranged from dummy sent out by M. J. McGowan,
publicity agent of the Federal Food Administration for Minnesota.

box at the bottom and on each side were devoted to food
conservation gospel and suggested menus, while the remainder
of the page was divided into six spaces to sell to food dealers
at $4 each. That the page made a hit is attested by the
fact that a large number of Minnesota papers used it. In these
days, when the editor must work the baler overtime to dispose
of matter sent “for immediate release,” the press-agent who
offers something helpful is sure to be hailed with delight.
And, as it was, Mr. McGowan obtained much more publicity
for food conservation than he could possibly have obtained by
bombarding the editors for space in the “valuable paper”
which each publishes.

A Christmas Edition — Somewhat Typical.

Bert M. Musick, publisher of The W estinghouse Times,
of East Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, sends a copy of his Christmas
edition for review. “We received a 25-cent straight rate on
every advertisement in the edition,” says Mr. Musick, “and
the fellow who took a page paid us the straight rate, all of
which goes to prove that ‘it can be done’ even in the rural
districts, if the boys will only pick the burs from their hair
and shake the Spanish needles from their pu-ze-zas.”

The 25-cent rate sounds good provided the number of
copies did not exceed a thousand or so; otherwise it was not
enough. Mr. Musick took the precaution of loading the
advertising in heavily, and as I pointed out in an article on

special editions a couple of years ago, this overloading is
absolutely necessary when the number of pages is increased.
Mr. Musick makes the serious mistake, however, of not using
the pyramid make-up. Most of the pages carry only one or
one and a half columns of reading-matter (or none at all), and
this reading-matter appears most disadvantageous^ buried
beneath the half-page advertisements occupying the upper
part of several pages. Had the reading-matter been placed at
the upper left-hand corner its small volume would scarcely
have been noticed — such make-up causes the news-matter to
appear greater in amount than it really is.

Of course the twenty-four page edition strained the type
resources of the shop — as is generally the case — and as a
result the eighteen, twenty-four and thirty-six point faces used
are often inharmonious. That the Times’ compositors know
how to use type is shown by the fact that some of the advertise¬
ments are strikingly well done, while other advertisements
show that the compositor ran out of sorts and then chose an
unsatisfactory substitute. Mr. Musick has a good twelve-
point advertising face on his machine, but he needs to throw
away about a ton of his eighteen, twenty-four and thirty-six
point faces and get large fonts of these sizes in a face which
harmonizes with his machine face. He also should throw
away that conglomerate assortment of tapeworm, wiggle-
snake and barber’s pole borders and use only the plain rule
borders or simple variations thereof. Except for special cases,
every border used in the paper should be limited to one or two
faces, and yet the Times has seven strikingly inharmonious
borders on one page.

But the edition shows enterprise and evidently no effort
was spared to make the edition a success. One large liquor
advertisement seems inappropriate, but on the other hand one
whole page of announcements of advertisements of holiday
entertainments suggests a line of business generally overlooked
when working up a Christmas edition, and a line that can be
developed to really profitable proportions.

To Promote Interest in Advertisements.

In order to stimulate the reading of advertisements, Joseph
Whitney, of the Marshall (Minn.) News-Messenger, has started
a “Housewives’ Contest.” In a box on the front page he offers
a new one-dollar bill to the housewife sending in the first cor¬
rect answer to a list of questions, the answers to which are to
be found in the advertisements of that issue. Between fifteen
and twenty questions are printed each week, of which the fol¬
lowing are samples:

Where and how can you get a market basket free on Sat¬
urday?

What actor is coming to the Barrymore in feminine attire?
When?

What machine is guaranteed to prevent “Blue Monday”
for housewives? Who sells it?

Who wants five hundred bushels of potatoes?

What can you get for $3.50 at the Watson Mercantile
Company on Saturday only?

When will you have to buy your New Edison to get it at
the present selling price?

What groceryman announces that he has reduced the price
on canned corn from twenty-two to fifteen cents?

The objection might be raised that the plan contains an
implication that advertisements will not be read unless the
reading thereof is artificially stimulated, but the truth is that
such is the case with too many advertisements in our papers.
The best answer to the objection is the success which Mr.
Whitney has had with the plan, and it might further be said
that this calling attention to the definite business news in the
advertisements should react favorably upon those merchants
whose advertising copy does fail to have real value to the
shopper. The idea as a whole is a good one.

March, 1918

THE INLAND PRINTER

REVIEW OF NEWSPAPERS AND
ADVERTISEMENTS.

BY J. L. BRAZIER.

The Western Star, Cold water, Kansas. — Your special holiday edition is
satisfactory in every way.

The Cordon Journal, Gordon, Nebraska. — The Christmas number of
your paper is excellent. Presswork is good, and the advertisements are
neat and effective.

The Optimist, Lemont, Illinois. — Your holiday edition, printed on
smooth book-stock, is a credit to the efforts of all having a hand in its pro¬
duction. Presswork is excellent.

The Daily British Whig, Kingston, Ontario. — Your Christmas edition
is commendable in every way. We have no suggestions to offer which,
if followed, would result in improvement.

The Alliance Herald, Alliance, Nebraska. — From every standpoint your
special Christmas number is a good one. We are reproducing the first
page of the main news section as an example of good make-up.

The Daily News, Tarrytown, New York. — The shoppers’ edition of
your paper, issued December 14, is deserving of much praise. It contained
twenty-four pages, liberally covered with good display advertising.

The Hinsdale Doings, Hinsdale, Illinois. — We commend the excellence
of your special Christmas number. Presswork is clean, sharp and uniform.
Composition of advertisements is without any fault worth mentioning.

George E. Wahl, Niagara Falls, New York. — The Silberberg clothing
advertisement is effectively designed and strong in display. If you could
have avoided the extremely short carry-over lines at the ends of the two
paragraphs, an improved appearance would have resulted.

The Franklin Journal

Clean first page of Maine newspaper which would be improved and made
more interesting if headings appeared in alternate columns only
at the top, and if some displayed headings appeared
also in the lower part of the page.

Leo K. Williams, Omaha, Nebraska. — The advertisements sent us
are satisfactory in every way. Strong display, readable text-matter and
simplicity of arrangement, combined, make them effective to a marked
degree.

The Knoxville Plain-Dealer, Knoxville, Tennessee. — Presswork on your
paper is of high order. Make-up is interesting. Advertisements are well
displayed and arranged. The paper is not an artistic success, but from a
practical newspaper standpoint it is satisfactory in every way.

E. B. Tabor, Earlville, Illinois. — The Leader is an exceptionally good
paper. Presswork is good, advertisements are much above the average in

805

quality, and we note with pleasure that make-up of inside pages is con¬
sistent with the best present-day practice. We know of no town the size
of Earlville that can boast of a better paper.

The Hardin County Ledger, Eldora, Iowa. — The bold full-page adver¬
tisement for the C. M. Haas Company is effectively designed. Its character
suggests bargains, the nature of the sale making it permissible to adopt the
heavy black style followed, although we believe a somewhat more dignified
advertisement would carry the idea of bargains well enough and would be
more pleasing in the paper. In all other respects the Ledger is well handled.

Official Organ Nebraska Stock Growers Association and Nebraska State Volunteer Firemen's Association

111) The Alliance Herald r^n

An interesting and well-balanced first page, illustrating a nice variety of
news head-lines.

George W. Brainard, Minden, Nebraska. — Your work on the page
advertisement for Markussen, which appeared in the Christmas edition of
the Courier, is commendable. With the material at your disposal we
consider that you did as well as any one could expect. Orderly arrangement
is the most pronounced of the advertisements’ good qualities, although
display, too, is excellent and worthy of much praise.

The Auckland Weekly News, Auckland, New Zealand.— Your annual
Christmas issue impresses us quite forcefully with its general all-round
excellence. The number is profusely illustrated with pictures of scenic
features of the country, faultlessly printed from large half-tones, some of
which are full page size, 13 by i8F£ inches. Tint backgrounds are printed1
under many of the illustrations, which not only lend color to the paper but
make the pictures more natural and lifelike. Composition of advertisements
is satisfactory.

Frederick J. Barton, Farmington, Maine. — The Journal is exception¬
ally well printed. The advertisements are effectively arranged and displayed.
Liberal use of white space not only enhances their appearance, but aids to
a considerable degree in improving legibility. The make-up of the first page
of the copy sent us is not good, however. A large heading appears at the top
of every column and there are no displayed headings in the lower part of
the page. Since yours is a seven-column paper, we suggest that, starting
with the first column, top-headings appear in alternate columns only, the
remaining head-lines now placed at tops of columns to be placed lower on
the page. A secondary display heading, placed over semi-important stories,
would add interest to the appearance of your first page also. We suggest
that you adopt the orderly pyramid form of make-up for the inside pages,
which means to group the advertisements in the lower right-hand corner
of each page. To scatter them over the page often makes it difficult for the
reader to follow the news items, which he is bound to read first. Having
finished the news he is in a better frame of mind to take up the advertise¬
ments, and, consequently, they will then appeal more effectively.

8o6

THE INLAND PRINTER

March, igi8

The Roundup Record, Roundup, Montana. — - There are so many points
worthy of praise about your paper we hardly know where to begin. Better
presswork is not being done on any small-town paper in America today.
The advertisements are neat and orderly in arrangement, and are well
displayed. Make-up of advertisements on inside pages is also intelligently
handled. We are reproducing the double-page “Roll of Honor,” made up
of the names of those from the county enrolled in various branches of the
nation’s fighting forces.

The Macon Republican, Macon, Missouri. — - Good presswork, make-up
and ad-composition combine to make yours an exceptionally good paper to
our way of thinking, and the large number of local news items must surely
appeal as agreeably to its readers. While the pyramid style of make-up
is not followed in the positioning of advertisements on the inside pages, we

The Carroll Times, Carroll, Iowa.— We admire your excellent paper.
It shows that those in charge of its production are awake to their tasks.
Make-up of the first page is both pleasing and interesting, the head-lines
being exceptionally good. The advertisements are both pleasing to the
eye and effective in display. Further, they are grouped on the page in
such a manner that the reader can follow the stories without running into
an advertisement at every turn of the road — and yet the advertisements
are prominently placed. All we can say is, continue to do as you are doing.

Springfield Advance, Springfield, Minnesota. — The special holiday issue
of your paper is a good one, presswork especially being worthy of much
praise. The advertisements are for the most part well arranged and dis¬
played, but the compositors underscore altogether too many lines. This
practice is not only time-consuming, but, like all other forms of over-

Hj Musselshell County’s Roll of Honor

Roster of B Company, 163rd U. S. Infantry

Formerly Second Montana

Steven*. Conrad
Tice. Hairy B.

Van Denburg. W.
Walter, Robert
W.threw, Leon W
PRIVATES

Lightner. Clay H.
Lunde. Peter
Loplich. Tom

Volunteers

Jenning., Henry L. Q C.
Jenning*. Cba» V . Q. C.
Jerrel. David H . Sig Cor.

Wood.. W B . 2nd Mont.
Walter., C P . 2nd Mont
Well*. Byron E. Sig Cor

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS

A. H Burke. Battalion Adjutant. •
Warren C Alexander. Firrt Lieutenant
MaT Nnntt^‘r*' L,^rn*dn'u

Called for Service in U. S. National Army

Now in Training at Camp Lewis

Schei. Olaf
Sch w. hen land. Au^ A

Aker.. Vernon P
Marinahek. Andrew

Darrel

NieUen. Charles A

Jenning*. Charles L.
Keefer. William

Kefier/RobcT'-

Koaobud. Joseph J.
Lidel. Robert A.
Sherwood. Lloyd E
Takach. John

Hit

Special double page spread from the Roundup (Mont.) Record, in which all the young men who have entered the army or navy from the county
in which the paper is published are listed. A good feature for any newspaper to adopt.

note with pleasure that they usually are massed on the right-hand side of
each page, and are not scattered over the page, or worked to the corners,
in such manner as to make it difficult for readers to follow the reading-matter.

A. G. Mayse, McKinney, Texas — The double-page advertisement for
the McKinney Realty Company is effectively designed and displayed.
The careful balancing of panels, display lines and illustrations makes for
an appearance of order that is quite pleasing to the eye — and that is of
greater importance than many advertisers will admit. We consider that
there is more matter than there should be, even in the large space, and this
no doubt frightened many readers from going through the advertisement.
Brevity is not only the soul of wit, but the soul of advertising as well.

The Cleveland Banner, Cleveland, Tennessee. — Your paper is one of the
cleanest printed weekly publications we have seen in some months. The
pressman is deserving of praise for the manner in which he handles his
important part of its production. The advertisements are effectively
arranged and displayed, and make-up throughout the paper is good. We
see an opportunity for improvement in this last respect by adherence to the
pyramid form of make-up, which has been described and illustrated in
several past issues. We note that you issue regularly a four-page syndicated
pictorial section.

The Lakeland Star, Lakeland, Florida.— Your special holiday edition is
a good one, especially in so far as volume of advertising is concerned. Com¬
position of advertisements is of ordinary quality only, some very good
displays being found in the paper, along with others manifestly hurriedly
and carelessly gotten up. Improper spacing of words, lines and masses is
the most outstanding fault, but crowding, due to the use of larger sizes of
type than necessary, is also a prominent characteristic. Presswork on the
copy sent us is not what it ought to be, the ink being poorly distributed.
More impression would also help.

emphasis, defeats the purpose for which it was intended. In addition it
makes the appearance displeasing to the eye, and to please the eye is one
of the prime requirements of a good advertisement.

The Plains Journal, Plains, Kansas. — The page advertisement for the
Parsons Merchandise Company was not properly laid out. With the large
amount of vacant space in parts, the crowding in other parts is inexcusable.
You will note that the type crowds the panels too closely in the sections
reserved for ladies’ and gentlemen’s gifts, whereas there is room to spare
in the panel reserved for candies. The layout should have been planned
so the white space would be distributed more evenly, then larger and
more readable type could have been used. Italic capitals are difficult to
read and should be used sparingly, if at all.

Ogallala Tribune, Ogallala, Nebraska. — The Christmas edition of your
paper is commendable indeed. Presswork is good, display and arrangement
of advertisements quite satisfactory. We note that to use the machine on
advertisements — and to get as large a size of letter as possible for the
matter — you have set a number of large masses in capitals. Now, capitals
are satisfactory for an occasional display line of few words and for signature
lines in advertisements, but to set a body of reading-matter in those
characters is a mistake, as they are difficult to read, the eye having been
educated and trained for years in the reading of lower-case characters.

The Tweed News, Tweed, Ontario. — We do not like to see display
advertisements on the first page of an eight-page, six-column newspaper.
On a folio it is often impossible to find positions on the inside pages, but
when the publisher issues eight pages it seems that he could easily keep his
first page clean. While not out of the ordinary, advertisements are well
designed and set. We commend the simplicity of arrangement and
restraint in display by which most of them are characterized. Presswork
is not what it ought to be. At this distance it seems that your rollers must

March , igi8

THE INLAND PRINTER

807

be at fault, the work suggesting that they are old and hard. A poor
grade of ink may have been used, and it looks as though it might have been
reduced with oil of some sort. Do not reduce news ink. It is already as
soft as ink should be.

Wartburg Publishing House, Waverly, Iowa. — The two page
advertisements for Schlutsmeyer’s store are effectively displayed, orderly
in arrangement, well classified as to departments and, withal, readable.
We are reproducing one of them.

Weiser American, Weiser, Idaho. — The annual Christmas edition of
your paper appeals to us as being exceptionally good. Presswork is satis¬
factory and the composition of advertisements is all that could be asked
for. Some of the type-faces used are not good advertising letters — we
refer to the gothics and several out-of-date styles — but presume that the
large amount of advertising taxed your equipment beyond the limit. The
Roycroft and Cheltenham Bold series are excellent for display in advertising
and we suggest that you use these as consistently as possible. Large masses
of matter should not be set in capitals, as such characters are not as easily
and quickly read as lower-case.

The Sawtelle Tribune, Sawtelle, California. — -Presswork on the holiday
edition of your paper is very good indeed. Advertisements are satisfactory,
too. In some instances the half-tones on a page are bunched too closely,
a rearrangement in order — and with system — over the page would dis¬
tribute the color and improve balance. Your first page would be better
if you had subordinate decks in the news head-lines. To jump from thirty-
six or forty-eight point head-letter to eight-point body-type makes too
abrupt a change for the reader to negotiate with satisfaction, and in
addition limits you as to the amount of news carried in the head-lines, a
matter of importance in newspaper making.

The Glasgow Times, Glasgow, Kentucky.- — Your paper is very good
indeed, judging from the last copy sent us, and a credit to the community
in which it is published. We note with pleasure that you contemplate
eliminating advertisements from your first page. Speed the day. A few
more displayed headings on the first page, secondary in size to those appear¬
ing at the tops of columns, would make the page appear more interesting,
even with the same news-matter. Instead of working advertisements to
the corners, and to the tops of columns, we suggest the adoption of the
pyramid make-up — the massing of advertisements in the lower right-hand
corners of the pages, the style followed by all the leading daily and weekly
publications of the land.

Yazoo County News, Yazoo City, Mississippi.— In general we consider
that your special holiday edition is satisfactory. Presswork could be
improved by the use of a better grade of ink and slightly more impression.
Do you change the packing on the cylinder of the press before each run?
Too much small matter is set in capitals in some of the advertisements and
proper care was not taken in obtaining uniformity in distribution of white
space. This is especially noticeable between type and rules in panels, the
space at top and bottom being considerably in excess of that at sides — and
vice versa — in many instances. We would never use twelve-point rule
borders if we owned and operated a paper, as such borders are too prominent
and detract from the effectiveness of the type.

The Semi-Weekly Sentinel, Yazoo City, Mississippi. — In most respects
your special Christmas edition is worthy of praise. The distribution of ink
was not uniform on the copy sent us, and, from appearances, we judge
that the packing on the cylinder of the press had not been changed from
the previous run. If, for example, there is a cut above type height in a
form, it is bound to wear down the packing so that at that particular point
there will not be enough impression on the following run. It does not take
long to change the packing on a press and to do so makes good presswork
a much simpler matter. Composition on most of the advertisements is
good, but in some instances we note an effect of congestion, due to the use of
overlarge sizes of type. Crowding is a handicap to legibility, whereas
white space is an aid. Use white space liberally.

Charles City Press, Charles City, Iowa. — Composition of advertise¬
ments appearing in your paper is satisfactory in every way and presswork
is also good. We regret to say that make-up is without order or system.
Large advertisements are set in the middle of a page, with a column of
reading-matter on each side, when reading-matter on one side only would
mean just as much and more in prominence to the advertiser, and con¬
siderably more in satisfaction to the reader. To cause a reader to run
around advertisements in following a news item does not enhance the value
of the advertising, but, on the contrary, irritates the reader and prejudices
him against that which stands in the way of what he most desires — news.
If the pyramid form of make-up is followed, the reader can read without
irritation, and he is in the right frame of mind to take up advertisements.

Robert E. Crane, Denton, Texas. — Campus Chat is fairly well printed.
The head-lines are not symmetrical or orderly, the difference in the length of
relative lines being too great in many instances. Then, too, the placing
of headings on the first page is without order or system. Careful balance
of head-lines is essential to good first-page make-up. The scattering of
advertisements over the inside pages, without semblance of order, is a
decided fault both from the standpoint of appearance and of giving satisfac¬
tion to the readers, who must wade through devious paths, so to speak, in
following the text. Group all advertisements in the lower right-hand
corner of the page, massing the reading-matter toward the upper left-hand
comer, where the eye of the reader naturally falls first in turning from

page to page. You should never use the same style of type for display in
advertisements as is used for the news head-lines. Advertisements are
otherwise of ordinary quality.

E. E. Zurfluh, Lima, Ohio. — The full-page Christmas display which
you got up on short notice is commendable indeed. You have not only
made a page that is sufficiently decorative, but had the good sense to rise to
the occasion and plan an advertisement that could be rapidly composed.
As a matter of fact, the best advertisements are the simplest, and, as such.

Christmas Ribbon Sale

Friday Morning Annual Thanksgiving Sale Saturday Night

November 16 — . v. — -g . — November 24

Including a Great November Sale of COATS and the First Showing of CHRISTMAS
GIFT GOODS for the Soldier Boy

An especially effective full-page advertisement by the Wartburg Publishing
House, Waverly, Iowa. Note symmetrical and balanced
placing of illustrations, two-line prices, and
exceptional readability.

require the least time to set. It is decidedly wrong to use five or six kinds
of border in paneling. The advantage of a change of border is to give the
matter therein prominence, but, just as in overdisplay, too much of a
variation defeats the purpose intended. If, for example, plain rules are
used for most of the panels, and it is desired to give especial prominence
to the matter in some one panel, it is a good plan to use a different kind of
border for that panel. When a different kind of border is used for all the
panels, however, contrast is lost and the advantages of distinction are not
obtained. It is advisable to use only one style display type in a given
advertisement. Too many not only result in a displeasing appearance,
because of the general lack of harmony in such practice, but affect legibility
and comprehension to a marked degree.

The Westborough Chronotype, Westborough, Massachusetts. — The copy
of your paper sent us is poorly printed. If it is a representative sample,
you should look to your rollers, the quality of ink used and to the adjustment
of the fountain. The ink is light and heavy in spots — where light it is
much more satisfactory than where heavy, for in the portions where ink
was too liberally used the paper appears smeared, dirty and blurred, and
is, consequently, quite difficult to read. The advertisements are poorly
arranged and displayed. The most pronounced fault is overdisplay, too
many points being given prominence. Too many display lines in an
advertisement not only prejudice the reader just as an over-zealous, noisy
salesman does, but make the advertisement difficult to read, for the eye is
forced to so many readjustments of focus that it is irritated. The message
carried to the mind is, for that reason, confused and the impression is not
forceful enough to force remembrance. The fact that borders were not
used on many of the advertisements, combined with the many large display
lines therein, causes the advertisements in adjacent columns to “run
together,” making it still more difficult for the reader to comprehend.
Select the most important feature in each advertisement — the words that
will most likely secure the attention of the reader — and emphasize it
prominently, but do not display so many other lines that they weaken the
prominence of the feature line. The practice of using so many display
lines often makes it necessary to combine type-faces that are inharmonious.

8o8

THE INLAND PRINTER

March , igi8

This department is designed particularly for the review of technical publications pertaining to the printing industry. The Inland Printer Company will
receive and transmit orders for any book or publication. A list of technical books kept in stock will be found
in our catalogue, a copy of which will be sent upon request.

“ Fundamentals of Cost and Profit Accounting.”

This is the title of the latest contribution to the literature
of this important subject. Its author is Robert S. Denham,
who is well known in printing circles in the United States and
Canada as a cost expert, or cost engineer, as he prefers to call it.

In this volume he gives an exhaustive and progressive
analysis of the elements of cost, and the relation of the cost
accountant and cost engineer to the products of the plant,
from the original entry to the final cost and profit statement.

Starting with the “Philosophy of Cost and Profit,” he
classifies the elementary cost items and defines the divisions
as “Direct Expenses,” “Indirect Expenses,” and “Economic
Expenses,” and specifically describes the items which enter
into each division, giving a chapter to each. Then follows a
chapter on “Determining Cost,” which shows the various
manners of grouping cost items and gives a long list of the
things which create or are cost. There is also a chapter on
“Selling Prices and Profits” that has some good meat in it.

One of the important chapters is that in which the author
discusses the making of cost and profit statements, and shows
what should really be included in this statement and whether
as an asset or as a liability.

Mr. Denham defines cost as follows: “The cost of an item
of product is the sum of the expenses involved in its produc¬
tion and distribution up to the moment at which the cost is
determined.” He claims that this is the first principle of cost
engineering.

Profits are described as “That part of the price for which
an article is sold which remains after the cost has been
deducted.” Of course all our readers agree with him on this
point, but many will find something new in his list of the items
which form that cost.

The book is full of good educational paragraphs, expressed
in terse language that will stick in the memory, and while not
especially written for printers they are particularly applicable
to their needs.

There is no attempt to give any definite cost system, though
there is a full description of the elements and principles upon
which all correct cost systems must be founded.

“Every element of expense is definite in amount, purpose
and benefit. The line between loss and profit in every trans¬
action can be known to within a fraction of one per cent,”
says Mr. Denham, in his preface. “The profit on each sale and
on the business as a whole can be accurately determined if
you know how.”

A feature of the volume that will prove valuable is the
chapter on “The Terminology of Cost Engineering,” in which
the author endeavors to systematize the ideas expressed by
the words commonly used in describing the various factors
and elements of cost information.

This book will repay a study by every cost system user,
and even though he may not always coincide with all it says

he will find much of value. It is published by the Cost Engi¬
neer Publishing Company, Cleveland, and may be obtained
through The Inland Printer Company at the publisher’s price
of $i per copy, postage io cents extra.

“ The ‘ Wellcome ’ Photographic Exposure Record
and Diary for 1918.”

Those who have looked forward to each new yearly edition
of this popular photographic exposure record and diary will be
glad to learn that the 1918 edition has recently been placed on
the market. A feature which will at once appeal to the pur¬
chaser of the new edition is the fine genre study, “In the
Push-Cart Market,” taken by the well-known New York pho¬
tographer, A. E. Churchill. The other illustration shows how
pictorial even war may be when it is photographed by an
expert. It is entitled “Out of a Cloud of Dust into a Cloud
of Bullets,” and is a record of an incident on the Belgian front,
from the camera of W. Gore.

The usual good features of the book have been maintained,
in spite of the fact that it has been produced under war condi¬
tions — in fact, the present edition has been made even fresher
and more up-to-date than any of its predecessors.

Ready reference tables for development, printing, enlarg¬
ing, focusing, etc., are a great feature, and the little mechanical
calculator attached to the back cover shows the correct
exposure by a single turn of one scale. In addition, there are
plenty of ruled pages for recording exposures and for photo¬
graphic memoranda of all kinds, and a diary for the year.

It is published by Burroughs Wellcome & Co., New York,
and can be secured from any dealer in photographic supplies
or through The Inland Printer Company.

“ Printers’ Insurance Protective Inventory System,”
New Revised Edition.

This system has been in use in large and small plants, not
only in this country, but in many other parts of the world, for
the past twenty-five years, and is considered the standard
inventory system. Its simplicity and efficiency have been
demonstrated many times by actual tests, and it is accepted
by fire-insurance companies as absolute proof and a basis for
settlement. It saves the expense of appraisers, and also the
time lost in disputes which arise when the insured is not pre¬
pared to show what the value of his plant was before a fire.
It is arranged to show, instantly, the actual worth of the plant,
the source of all purchases, what insurance to carry, and what
the investment is.

The new edition, which has been completely revised, newly
copyrighted and trade-marked, has been augmented by con¬
siderable additional information which will be found of great
value in any plant. It includes, in the introduction, general
instructions for making an inventory of the plant, telling how
to get an inventory of the material in every department; tables
showing how to ascertain the number of fonts of type in the

March, 1918

THE INLAND PRINTER

cases; how to make an inventory of cuts; formulas for metals,
including linotype, monotype, stereotype and electrotype;
information and pointers on cuts, including stereotyping and
electrotyping; form of schedule for a blanket policy; labor cost
calculator; and a list of materials and machinery for the trade,
giving the names of manufacturers and dealers arranged by
States.

The inventory proper contains specimen sheets showing
the bookkeeper how to enter purchases as made, and on each
sheet throughout the book are printed instructions for enter¬
ing the items on the page.

The compiler and inventor of the system, Charles S. Brown,
is too well known to the printing industry to need introduc¬
tion. His many years of experience in the printing business,
during which he has been called upon a number of times to
make appraisals or to settle disputes arising out of the settle¬
ment of claims for loss through fire, have given him a knowledge
which makes him an authority on these subjects.

The book is arranged in loose-leaf form, in three sizes, as
follows: No. 1, for large job and newspaper offices, price $28.50;
No. 2, for medium-sized offices, price $16.50; No. 3, for small
job and newspaper offices, price $9.50. Express extra. Com¬
plete information and descriptive literature may be secured
from Lemuel S. Brown, 3355 West Adams street, Chicago,
who is in charge of the sales, or through The Inland Printer
Company.

NOTES FROM THE AUSTRALIAN PRINTING
FIELD.

BY JAMES A. BURKE.

Note. — We are indebted to James A. Burke, of Sydney,
New South Wales, Australian representative of John Haddon
& Co., Caxton Typefoundry, London, for the following notes
regarding the printing-trades of Australia. — Editor.

Like most other English-speaking countries, Australia
has been hit hard by the great war. Of her 381,000 sons
who have fought in the Pacific Islands, Egypt, Gallipoli,
Mesopotamia and Palestine, more than the average number
of artizans of the voluntary enlistments have been printers.
Almost every printery in Australia has a “Roll of Honor”
board, and on most of them appears the fatal asterisk opposite
the name of him who traveled so far to receive the death
knock. Most of the printeries are depleted of their young
men, and as the number of apprentices has been limited since
the advent of typesetting machines, compositors are almost as
scarce as they were plentiful in the old days when the country
offices used to send in their sheaves of buds every year.

There are plenty of orders, despite paper being hard to get
and very costly. Big catalogue work is now a rara avis, owing
to prices of goods being seldom the same two days in succes¬
sion. Most of our papers come from America and Canada,
as the European market, with the exception of a little news
which comes from Norway, is completely closed. Machinery
is pretty well in the same fix. In the past, England had the
bulk of orders for printing-presses, cutters, perforators, folders,
etc., but as all their plants have been declared “controlled
establishments” for war munition making, no machines have
come forward for two years past, and printers have had to
look to America for supplies.

The Australian Government some time back granted a
bonus for papermaking in the commonwealth, but after
many tests it was found that there were no suitable substances
here for pulping, such as the American and Canadian spruce
pine. Most of the Australian timber is of the Eucalyptus
hardwood variety, while the pines are too resinous to be suitable
for pulping. The grasses were also found unsuitable. Fur¬

809

ther, the community is too small to support mills for making
the various kinds of paper.

Now that American paper is well distributed here (and
liked) there should be a good future in Australia for the Amer¬
ican papermaker — if he markets his wares properly. There
are a few mills scattered over Australia devoted to making
brown paper and cardboard. The most successful of these
appears to be The Cumberland Paper Board Mills, Sydney,
which has' been making such excellent board that the mill,
with one machine, can not overtake orders. The result is that
the managing director, F. J. Uoherty, who is responsible for
the success of the mill, left for America early in December
to buy another equipment at a cost of half a million dollars,
and to pick up some smart operators. Mr. Doherty is an
expert tin printer and inkmaker, who just before the war
studied intaglio printing at Leipsic. He intends brushing up
the knowledge gained there while in your country. Previous
to settling in Australia (where he introduced George Mann &
Co.’s offset machines), Mr. Doherty ran a big tin-printing
concern in London, so he goes to America well equipped in
his knowledge of the printing business.

The whole community has been held up here for the past
six weeks by the greatest strike on record. Strange to state,
the strike was against the Government, and had its start in
the railway workshops, owned by the State, against a simple
time-ticket which the management introduced. It was noth¬
ing like your Taylor card, nor even so complicated as a job-
office docket, as it showed only the time spent on each job, with
the operator’s name. The strike was against “speeding up,”
as they termed it, and union after union went out. The
street-car men (also owned by the Government) joined the
railway men, then the dockers, sailors, firemen, carters and
coal miners, until trade appeared paralyzed. Then the Gov¬
ernment called on the people for help, and the whole com¬
munity not on strike came to its assistance. University
students, college boys, farmers, business and professional men,
from town and country, went into camp, worked the wharves,
drove trains, trams and carts, coaled ships, wheeled coal to
the gas retorts, and, with the assistance of officers, ran the
railways. After nine weeks’ fight the Government won easily.
Dozens of I.W. W.’s, who were really at the bottom of the
trouble, were sent to jail for varying periods, and those not
born in Australia are to be deported to their country of origin
on completion of their sentences. The I. W. W. was also made
an illegal association, the mere membership in which carries
six months’ imprisonment. So we are in for a restful time.

A new printing-machine is shortly to be put on the market
here which is the happy medium between the rotary and two-
revolution press. This machine prints direct from type, cuts
or slugs. It may be fed from the roll, by automatic feed, or
by hand. It will print quad crown sheets on both sides, or one
side only, at each revolution at a speed of 3,000 sheets an
hour. In addition, it will fold the printed product into pages,
from 5J4 by tV2 inches up to 10 by 15 inches, rising by eighths
of inches from the small to the large size. The maker claims
that it will print equally as well as the finest two-revolution
art press under similar conditions. The inking gear is similar
to that of the Miehle. It will not, of course, fold a sheet of
art paper carrying heavy ink straight from the rollers without
smearing; but with absorbent paper the product may be folded
on its way to the delivery. The inventor is R. C. Annand,
late of the Northern Press and Engineering Company, En¬
gland, well known as the originator of the inside delivery in
rotary presses, the stop-press fudge, the Multiplate stereo¬
typing machine, rotary blanket-washing machine, and dozens
of other devices known to the rotary pressman. The new
machine will be designated the “Empire Press” and will fill
the void for catalogue and other classes of work that are too
fine for the all-size rotary press.

8io

THE INLAND PRINTER

March , 1918

George E. Lincoln.

George E. Lincoln, during the past
sixteen years manager of the Chicago
agency of the Mergenthaler Linotype
Company, and one of the best-known
men in the United States in the print¬
ing and allied trades, died suddenly
in his office at 10 a. m. on February
18. He had been in ill health for a
number of months, and just the day
before his death had returned from
a ten weeks’ trip to California. He
was sitting in his chair talking with
one of his employees when he was
stricken with uremic convulsions and
passed away immediately without re¬
gaining consciousness.

Practically all of his life had been
devoted to the various branches of
the art preservative. He was born in
Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, on
September 2, 1848, and when three
years old the family moved to a farm
along the old “Lancaster Pike” in
Chester county, Pennsylvania, where
they resided for many years. He left
the farm to go to Philadelphia to
learn the printing-trade, starting as an
apprentice at the old established office
of Ashmead & Co. This office is con¬
ceded to be the first establishment in
the United States to use a power printing-
press. During his apprenticeship, he was
“drilled” in everything pertaining to the
trade, as was the custom in those days.

As a result of this thorough training,
he was an exceptionally capable printer
in all lines of the trade when he com¬
pleted his apprenticeship at the age of
twenty-one years. After completing his
apprenticeship, Mr. Lincoln decided to
take a trip to the West, and traveled
back and forth across the country,
working as a printer in practically all
of the large and small towns, holding
cases on all of the papers published in
those days. After considerable time
spent in traveling, he landed in Hannibal,
Missouri, where he became a part
owner of the Hannibal Courier. Later
on, he published papers in the mining
towns of Colorado. During the time
between his Missouri and Colorado
experiences he joined a “freighting”
outfit that was carrying freight overland
to different sections of what at that

time was the “wild and woolly West.”
After tiring of the freight business, and
yearning for another smell of printer’s
ink, he returned to the printing business,

and finally, in 1880, went on the road
selling printing material.

In 1886 Mr. Lincoln became associated
with the Mergenthaler Linotype Com¬
pany, and in the capacity of salesman for
that company traveled from one end of
the country to the other, making
numerous trips from New York to San
Francisco, and from Butte, Montana, to
Galveston, Texas. As a result of his
wandering over the face of the country
in “hand-set days,” and his traveling
for so many years in the interest of the
linotype, it has been said many times that
Mr. Lincoln was one of the best (if not
the very best) known men in the printing
business.

During the last few years of Mr.
Lincoln’s experience on the road, so
large a number of linotypes were shipped
to offices in the Middle West that the
question of establishing a convenient
supply depot became a rather serious
one. After very mature thought and
careful deliberation, the executive officers

of the company decided to open a branch
office in Chicago, and instructed Mr.
Lincoln to assume charge of the agency
by opening it for business on January
1, 1902. He had been actively in
charge since that time.

Colonel John Hicks.

In the passing of Col. John Hicks,
editor and publisher of The Daily
Northwestern, Oshkosh, Wisconsin,
the nation as well as the State has
lost one of its most conscientious,
fearless and able writers. Space will
not permit details of Colonel Hicks’
life and career, but it will suffice to
say that he was a man of high ideals,
generous to a fault and ever bent on
defending right principles.

He was born at Auburn, New York,
April 12, 1847, and while a small boy
his parents moved to Weyauwega,
Wisconsin, where he was given the
advantages of such schools as were
available in that locality. He started
teaching country school at the age of
fifteen, and while so engaged made
his first visit to Lawrence University,
walking thirty-five miles to attend a
commencement and walking back the
next day. Later, while teaching
school in Winnebago county, in 1866, he
took advantage of a course of lectures by
such noted men as Horace Greeley and
Wendell Phillips, walking to Oshkosh, a
distan.ee of nine miles, to hear them.

In such ways, and through wide read¬
ing, he continued his education, and by
earnings accumulated through teaching
he was able to enter Lawrence University.
He broke off his course at Lawrence to
assume the position of city editor on
The Northwestern, then a weekly paper
owned by Maj. Charles G. Finney, Jr.
With the exception of a brief period when
he attended the university at Madison,
and another when he “subbed” in the
editorial department of The Milwaukee
Sentinel, Colonel Hicks devoted the
entire half century to the paper which
later came to be known throughout the
State as his progeny and pride.

He returned from Milwaukee in 1869
to take the editorship of The North¬
western. In October, 1870, he formed a
partnership with the late Gen. T. S.

March , igi8

Allen, former Secretary of State for
Wisconsin, and they purchased the paper.
That partnership continued until June
24, 1886, when Colonel Hicks purchased
the interest of General Allen, and later
a corporation was formed, The Hicks
Printing Company, which owns the
paper now.

Although Colonel Hicks had been a
lifelong member of the Republican party
he never could be induced to become a
candidate for elective office, but he was
frequently honored by appointments to
positions of responsibility, honor and
trust. He has served as president of
the Wisconsin Press Association and
vice-president of the National Press
Association. He was correspondent for
The Northwestern at Washington, District
of Columbia, in the winter of 1874-75,
and was also clerk of the Committee on
Pacific Railroads in the House of Repre¬
sentatives. During that winter he read
law at a Washington school.

Colonel Hicks was named as United
States Minister to Peru by President
Harrison in 1889. In 1895 he made a
tour of Europe and while there made a
rare collection of relics of history and
architecture. In 1905 he was appointed
by President Roosevelt as envoy extraor¬
dinary and minister plenipotentiary to
the republic of Chile.

He was honored by Lawrence Uni¬
versity in 1890 by being awarded the
degree of doctor of laws, in recognition
of his high services. For many years
Colonel Hicks was a member of the
Oshkosh Library Board and much of
the art that is to be found within and
without the library building are lasting
mementoes of his generosity and kindly
thought. In addition to his newspaper
work he wrote a considerable amount of
poetry, and was the author of two books
which had a large sale. One was “The
Man from Oshkosh,” written in 1894.
The other, “Something About Single¬
foot,” was written in 1909.

Louie A. Lange.

Louie A. Lange, founder of The Daily
Reporter and president and manager of
the Reporter Printing Company, Fond
du Lac, Wisconsin, died at his winter
home in Los Angeles, California,
Monday, December 24, at the age of
63. Mr. Lange had been ill for some
time, going to California last September
when it was known that he could not
stand the rigors of another winter in
Wisconsin.

Mr. Lange was born in Chicago, later
going with his parents to Milwaukee,
where he attended the public schools
and also Engleman’s Academy. In
1870, when 16 years of age, he went to
work for the late Edward A. Beeson,
proprietor of the Fond du Lac Journal

THE INLAND PRINTER

at Fond du Lac. When the Daily
Journal was established in 1872, he
became make-up man and foreman of
the composing-room of that publication,
which position he held until 1873, when
the paper was discontinued. Next Mr.
Lange became foreman and also an
assistant in the news-room of The
Saturday Reporter , then owned by John
J. Beeson. A year afterward he went

Louie A. Lange.

to La Porte, Indiana, to become city
editor of the La Porte Chronicle, later
becoming managing editor of the publi¬
cation. After four years in La Porte he
returned to Fond du Lac to accept the
city editorship of the Commonwealth,
edited at that time by H. M. Kitchin.
In 1881, Mr. Lange accepted a position
on the reportorial staff of the Evening
Wisconsin, Milwaukee, but returned to
Fond du Lac to become city editor and
assistant manager of the Commonwealth.
On January n, 1883, he purchased a
half interest in the Saturday Reporter,
and on March 31 of that year The Daily
Reporter was established. Two years
later Mr. Lange became sole owner of
the Reporter.

The pronounced success attending
Mr. Lange’s newspaper career was due
in no small measure to the fact that
he was an ardent worker and booster for
his community. He was identified with
many activities, the object of which was
the growth and betterment of Fond du
Lac. In this respect his life furnishes
an example worthy of emulation by pub¬
lishers everywhere. In addition to being
a member of the State Assembly for
several terms he was for years a director
of the public library and a member of
the common council. The first vaude¬

8ll

ville theatre in Fond du Lac was erected
by him and remained his property until
his death. He was a member of many
fraternal organizations as well as the
local chamber of commerce.

Funeral services were conducted by
the Los Angeles Elks, after which the
body was cremated. The high esteem
in which he was regarded by the Fond
du Lac public is exemplified in the fact
that memorial services were held in that
city, coincident with the regular funeral
services in Los Angeles.

Well-Known Philadelphia Men
Pass On.

Three nationally known Philadelphia
craftsmen have recently been taken
away by death.

Harry I. Thompson, of the Phototype
Engraving Company, died on Christmas
Day. Mr. Thompson was said to have
been the oldest photoengraver, in years
of service, in the world. For many years
he was practical man and salesman
with the Moss Engraving Company, of
New York.

Joseph P. Schell, superintendent of the
composing department of the Franklin
Printing Company, died on January 27.
Mr. Schell had been employed by the
company for the past thirty-three years.
He had worked his way up from appren¬
tice to superintendent. He was one of
the school of executives who know how
to treat their helpers kindly, and many
of his workers followed him to his last
resting-place.

Harry Turner, well-known traveler,
and member of the Wilson Printing Ink
Company, of New York, died suddenly
in a Chicago hotel on February 13.
Mr. Turner’s Philadelphia home was
at 2253 North Sixteenth street, where
funeral services were held on Tuesday
morning, February 19. Delegations from
the Typothetae of Philadelphia, the
Philadelphia Club of Printing House
Craftsmen and other organizations
attended the funeral.

Michael J. Hagney.

Michael J. Hagney, who has been
connected with the Sinclair & Valentine
Company, manufacturers of printing-
inks, since January, 1893, died at his
home, 405 West Fifty-fourth street,
New York, on January 26, after an
illness lasting several months. He was
born on September 7, 1885. A faithful
worker, ever considering the best inter¬
ests of those by whom he was employed,
he gained a high place in the affection and
esteem of his associates, and his loss is
mourned by all. Mr. Hagney leaves a
widow and five children. Mrs. Hagney
is the third widow to receive a pay¬
ment of $500 under the company’s plan
of insurance.

8 1 2

THE INLAND PRINTER

March, igi8

Brief mention of men and events associated with the printing and allied industries will be published under this heading. Items for the department should be

sent before the tenth day of the month.

Western Divisional Meeting of
Electrotypers.

The Western Division of the Interna¬
tional Association of Electrotypers of
America will hold its meeting on Satur¬
day, March 16, at the Hotel Sherman,
Chicago. The meeting will be called to
order at io A. m, at which time reports
of the progress made in this essential
branch of the graphic arts will be read,
and the details and problems of the
office and foundry will be discussed.
Every employing electrotyper is urged
to be present and partake of the knowl¬
edge which will be disseminated, as well
as to share in the enthusiasm generated
at this business conference, not only for
his own welfare but for the future
welfare of the industry as a whole. The
Executive Board of the organization will
hold its meeting on the preceding day.

A Card from Charles Francis.

Fellow Printers and Friends:

It is manifestly impossible for me to
acknowledge personally all the letters,
telegrams and kind words that have
come to me through the committee
which has presented me with such a
wonderful testimonial on my seventieth
anniversary.

I am told that there are nearly one
thousand individual contributors to the
bust fund, including hundreds of small
amounts from a quarter up. I am sin¬
cerely grateful that my efforts to promote
trade unity have appealed to both the
workers at the feed-board, the machine,
the paper-cutter, and the case, as well
as in the counting-room.

The speeches, the personal congratu¬
lations, the letters and telegrams, and
the splendid size and quality of the
gathering on the night of Saturday,
February 16, 1918, combine to make me
feel both proud and very humble. I am
proud to have won such friends; humble
as I realize the reputation that I have
to live up to.

From the bottom of my heart I thank
one and all who contributed in any
manner to the occasion; and I shall try
to hold their continued friendship and
approval by devoting much of my time

to efforts to improve conditions in the
profession which we all love, and which
is second to none — Printing.

(Signed) Charles Francis.

F ranklin-Typothetae of Chicago’s
Good-Fellowship Dinner.

What proved to be one of the most
enthusiastic gatherings of Chicago print¬
ers was held on Tuesday evening,
January 29, at the Hotel LaSalle, almost
two hundred being present and enjoying
the good things provided for them. The
event marked the closing of a most suc¬
cessful membership campaign which the
organization had carried on during the
preceding few months, which added
about eighty new members to the forces
which are allied for the purpose of
advancing the interests of the industry
in the city. John W. Hastie, president,
acted as toastmaster, presiding in his
usual unsurpassed style. The chairman
of the Membership Committee, S. B.
Weinberger, made the report setting
forth the results of the campaign and
reading the names of new firms that
were added to the roll.

Two addresses of great interest and
importance were delivered, the first on
“Excess Profits Tax and Invested Cap¬
ital,” by William B. Castenholz, of the
LaSalle Extension University, the second
on “America’s W’ar Aims,” a stirring
patriotic talk by S. Duncan Clark, a
member of the editorial staff of the
Chicago Evening Post.

Expert Printers and Lithographers
See Stereopticon Demonstration
of Boedicker Photo-Litho
Machine.

A number of the leading printers,
lithographers and technical experts on
photographic equipment gathered in the
Powers Hotel, Rochester, New York,
as the guests at a luncheon given by
H. C. Boedicker, of the Boedicker Photo-
Litho Machine Company, Minneapolis,
Minnesota. After the luncheon, Mr.
Boedicker gave a stereopticon demon¬
stration and lecture, showing the possi¬
bilities of the machine of which he is the

inventor, and which was fully described
in the November, 1916, issue of The
Inland Printer.

Forty-eight experts of Rochester and
the surrounding territory were present,
and after the lecture Mr. Boedicker was
besieged with questions regarding his
machine, with the result that all were so
favorably impressed that it is expected
a committee will be appointed to journey
to Minneapolis and see the machine in
actual operation in the near future. It
is unnecessary to say that the report of
this committee will be looked forward to
with great interest.

Among those present at the demon¬
stration were: William Karle; William
S. Addison, of the Addison Lithograph
Company; H. N. Brayer, president John
P. Smith Printing Company; Joseph T.
Wendall, of Bastian Brothers; E. W.
Holton, of the Todd Protectograph Com¬
pany; G. B. Brewer, advertising manager
for the Lawyers Cooperative Company;
A. J. Newton, of the Eastman Kodak
Company, and Thomas Brown, of the
Stecher Lithograph Company.

Philadelphia Craftsmen’s Anniver¬
sary Banquet.

More than two hundred enjoyed the
eighth anniversary banquet of the
Philadelphia Club of Printing House
Craftsmen, which was held at the winter
roof garden of the Hotel Bingham on
Thursday evening, February 14. It was
one of the largest meetings ever held by
the Philadelphia organization and among
the many guests who were present were
special delegations from the New York
and Baltimore clubs.

After dinner, President Ray Miller
introduced the first speaker of the
evening, G. W. Clifton, president of the
Baltimore Club of Printing House
Craftsmen. Mr. Clifton delivered a
short but interesting address on good-
fellowship. He was followed by John C.
Hill, manager of the Baltimore Printers’
Board of Trade, who spoke on “Some
Southern Philosophy.” For more than
an hour this versatile and gifted speaker
kept his audience in a roar of delight
and laughter with his original stories,

March, igi8

poems and jokes. Then came the
crowning feature of the evening — a
humorous playlet, “Millions in It,” by
the All-Craftsmen Players.

Western Paper Box Manufac¬
turers’ Association.

From the great amount of attention
given to cost finding at their annual con¬
vention, it is evident that the members
of the paper box manufacturing industry
are not only determined in their efforts
to know the actual cost of production,
but have already made remarkable
advancement along this line. Special
attention has been given during the past
year toward establishing a uniform cost
system and having it adopted in general
by the paper box factories throughout
the country

The convention was held by the West¬
ern Paper Box Manufacturers’ Associa¬
tion, which comprises the territory of
western New York State. Ohio, Michi¬
gan, the Central West and the Southern
States. This year the organization
departed from its regular custom of
holding the annual meeting in one of
the larger cities, and the members
marched en masse on the city of Lafay¬
ette, Indiana, the home of The Shears,
which is published in the interests of the
paper box trade, to honor the veteran
editor of that journal, George E. Jenks,
who, though now past three score and
ten years, is still active in the work of
the organization and has the record of
missing only one of the thirty-four con¬
ventions. At that time he was confined
to his bed with pneumonia.

The convention proper opened on
Wednesday morning, January 23, and
closed with a banquet on Friday night,
at which over 250 boxmakers were
present.

In view of the fact that special atten¬
tion has been given to, and great interest
aroused in, the work of cost finding,
delegations were present from the Cen¬
tral Association, composed of Pennsyl¬
vania and eastern New York boxmakers,
and the New England Association.
Extensive reports were made and work
was laid out for the installation of uni¬
form cost systems in the plants of the
members of the three associations. A
book has been prepared under the direc¬
tion of an expert cost accountant of
national reputation, Robert S. Denham,
which is sold to members or any other
boxmakers desiring it for $10. Several
thousand dollars were expended in the
preparation of this book, and it goes
without saying that the information con¬
tained therein could not be secured by
any individual for many times that
amount. This is but another instance
of the value of organized effort and
cooperation.

THE INLAND PRINTER

Probably the most important accom¬
plishment of the convention was the
starting of a fund for the purpose of
maintaining a national secretary to
represent the members of the three asso¬
ciations. As a start toward this fund,
approximately $10,000 was subscribed
by the delegates. For the present, the
activities of the central office will be
centered on the work of looking after
the boxmakers’ interests in Washington.
That this large sum of money was raised

George E. Jenks.

in such a short time was due to the
extremely earnest and interesting speech
of the president of the National Feder¬
ation of Paper Box Manufacturers’
Associations, A. G. Burry, a printer,
engraver and boxmaker of Fort Wayne,
Indiana.

Newr officers were elected to serve the
organization for the coming year, as
follows: George J. Kroeck, of Chicago,
president, to succeed W. C. Carlson, the
retiring executive; H. O. Alderman, of
Rochester, New York, vice-president;
James Kalleen, of Indianapolis, secre¬
tary; W. W. Baird, of Cleveland, Ohio,
treasurer. The new Advisory Board
consists of H. O. Alderman; W. B.
Dickerson, of Nashville, Tennessee;
W. C. Carlson, of Milwaukee, Wiscon¬
sin; and George N. Snyder, of Grand
Rapids, Michigan.

Cleveland, Ohio, was selected as the
convention city for next year.

Taking the convention to a city the
size of Lafayette, which has a population
of but 30,000, was considered to be quite
an experiment, but it proved satisfactory
to the fullest extent. The lack of counter-
attractions that are usually found in a
larger city enabled the members to give
more and closer attention to the serious
business of the meetings. Nevertheless,
sufficient entertainment was provided to

813

enable the members to take some time
for relaxation, and the closing feature,
the banquet, held at the Hotel Fowler,
which was the headquarters of the con¬
vention, and in which the entire delega¬
tion of over 250 was housed, proved that
a small city can not be outdone by the
larger cities when it comes to providing
a banquet. As an expression of their
appreciation of the effective work done
by the local committee, the members of
the organization presented handsome
gold watches to Marshall Haywood and
George E. Jenks, the editors of The
Shears, and a Masonic ring, set with a
large diamond, to Thomas Bauer, of the
Lafayette Box Board and Paper Com¬
pany, Lafayette, Indiana.

The Carnegie Institute Graphica.

One of the most active branches of
the Department of Printing of the
Carnegie Institute of Technology is the
organization known as the Graphica - — a
clearing-house for ideas printeristic. It
aims to help its members get a broader
view of the needs of the craft by means
of the regular weekly meetings, in which
all matters pertaining to the welfare of
its members are threshed out, any diffi¬
culties that have arisen are adjusted,
and closer harmony promoted.

One of the regular features of the
Graphica’s scope of operations is that
of presenting, in conjunction with the
United Typothetae of America, of illus¬
trated lectures on subjects pertaining to
the printing craft, delivered by men who
can speak authoritatively on the various
subjects.

Another valuable feature of the work
is the maintaining of a scholarship which
is awarded each year to the freshman
who shows the greatest proficiency.
The money for this scholarship is raised
by the printing and selling of Christmas
cards. So great has the sale of these
become that sufficient money has been
left in the treasury, after meeting all
expenses, to provide for inspection trips
to the various concerns throughout the
East employed in the manufacture of
paper, ink and type. These inspection
trips are greatly enjoyed, and their
educational value can not be over¬
estimated. All members of the Graphica
are eligible for these inspection trips,
which are in charge of the members of
the faculty.

As is well known, the Department of
Printing of the Carnegie Institute of
Technology offers courses the object
of which is to prepare students for
positions involving a general knowledge
of the mechanical details of the industry,
as well as a thorough understanding of
the essentials of business organization
and administration.

8i4

Daniel Boyle Completes Fifty Years
at Printing.

A half century at printing is the record
made by Daniel Boyle, treasurer, and one
of the directors of The Henry 0. Shepard
Company, printers of The Inland
Printer, on Wednesday, February 20.

Daniel Boyle.

Starting with the Republic Printing
Company, of Springfield, Ohio, in 1868,
Mr. Boyle served an apprenticeship of
six years, and in 1874 took charge of a
private plant for the firm of P. Mast &
Co., also of Springfield. He remained
in this position for ten years, then took
charge of the letterpress printing depart¬
ment of Gies & Co., of Buffalo, New
York, which position he held for two
years, until February, 1886, leaving to
move West and locating in Chicago.
Shortly after arriving in this city he took
a position as salesman with C. H.
Blakely & Co., and after five years took
a similar position with j. C. Winship &
Co. Six years after he took charge of
the plant of the Slason Thompson
Company, and in 1889 entered the
employ of The Henry O. Shepard Com¬
pany as salesman.

Annual Dinner of Chicago Machine
Composition Club.

The evening of February 6 will long
be remembered by members of the
Machine Composition Club, a branch of
the Franklin-Typothetse of Chicago, their
friends and guests, as one of extreme
pleasure and real profit. It was the
occasion of the annual dinner of the
organization, and was held at the Elks
Club. Several interesting entertainment
features added zest to the meal, after
which those present enjoyed inspirative
talks by J. M. Cox, Chairman; J. W.
Hastie, toastmaster; F. C. McDowall, of

THE INLAND PRINTER

Morris & Company, who spoke of the
difficulties the packers encounter in feed¬
ing the armies of America and its
allies; E. S. Waterbury, who told in an
interesting manner of his experiences in
Russia, from which country he had but
recently returned; Captain Harold Park
of the Canadian Army, who spoke of his
experiences in Flanders; and John P.
Palendech, who related some interesting
facts concerning Serbia.

Notes of the Denver Printing-
Trades.

The Denver Typothetae has formed a
class for salesmen and estimators. They
meet every Tuesday evening between
five and six o’clock for the purpose of
becoming better acquainted, exchanging
experiences, and studying subjects which
are of vital interest to them and their
profession.

The Colorado State Editorial Associa¬
tion convened at Denver on January 21,
and was in session for three days.
Among the subjects considered was the
matter of placing a field man in the
State to try and improve conditions in
the various cities. An interesting address
as to the good accomplished by such an
official was given by G. L. Caswell,
secretary of the Iowa State Editorial
Association. The matter was referred
to the Executive Committee for final
decision. The officers for the year were
elected as follows- President, J. A.
Barclay, of the Grand Junction News;
vice-president, C. Floodsworth, of Den¬
ver; secretary-treasurer, Alva Swain,
of Denver.

Roy T. Porte, secretary of the Salt
Lake City Typothetae, paid a visit to
Denver recently and addressed the
members of the local Typothetae on the
matter of the price-list gotten out by
him and in general use in Denver.
Altogether Mr. Porte spent four days in
Denver. His time was taken up with
visits to printers and addresses to
gatherings. The Colorado State Editorial
Association, which was in session, was
glad to hear from Mr. Porte, who is
also secretary of the Utah Press Associa¬
tion. The price-list which has been
prepared by Mr. Porte is the most
complete of its kind in existence. It
covers about sixty per cent of the
ordinary work which is done in the
average shop, and the figures given have
been acknowledged by all who have
used the list to be as nearly correct as
can be estimated.

Secretary Henry Allen, of the Denver
Typothetae, has been invited to visit
Salt Lake City during the convention
of the Utah Press Association, to be
held on April 6, for the purpose of
addressing the members and stimulating
interest in organization matters generally.

March , igi8

The sixth annual banquet of the
Colorado Pioneer Printers took place
on February 4 at the Metropole Hotel.
Heretofore it has been the custom to
hold the event on Franklin’s birthday,
but this year it was decided to hold the
dinner in honor of Horace Greeley, who
invented the slogan, “Go West, young
man, and grow up with the country.”
The function was largely attended.
President Thomas C. Egan presided,
and short talks were given by Judges
E. W. Hulbert, Morton S. Bailey and
W. P. Wright. Printing of a miniature
copy of the Tribune added much to the
zest and not a little to the humor of the
occasion. This “steam print” publica¬
tion was a gem typographically and
editorially. The front page contained
an engraving of Horace Greeley, taken
from one of his best photographs,
together with an article entitled “ Greeley
in Denver Ten Days.” This visit
occurred when Denver was only six
months old, but even then a strong
rival of the city of Auraria on the opposite
bank of Cherry Creek. The page also
contained the information that Greeley
was born February 3, 1811, just one
hundred and seven years ago. Much of
the editorial page was taken up with
printing the names and titles of the
editorial staff and managing departments
of the revised modern edition of The
Tribune.

A Simple Invention But a Wonder¬
ful Time-Saver.

A simple, accurate and rapid sliding
rule for determining at a glance the
unknown dimension in the reduction of
photographs and for use in layout
enlargement is being marketed by the

The Telzit Slide-Rule.

Telzit Slide Rule Company, 344 Monad-
nock building, Chicago. It is called the
“Telzit” reduction rule.

The device is thoroughly practical and
will unquestionably meet with instant
favor from agencies, copy writers,
photoengravers, artists, publishers, etc.
It is engine divided to insure hair-line
accuracy, and is handsomely made after
the fashion of a slide-rule, but requires

March , igi8

no computation as does the slide-rule.
It is read as simply as the reading of
an ordinary rule.

To operate it, the zero point of the
horizontal or base rule is placed at one
corner of photograph or drawing (as
shown in the illustration). The pivoted
member is then swung so as to cut the
diagonally opposite corner of photograph
and the perpendicular rule is then moved
along to the width desired for the finished
cut. The height of the finished cut will
then be indicated at the point where the
diagonal hinged member intersects the
perpendicular.

If the height of finished cut is decided
upon, and it is desirable to know the
width, the process is reversed, the
perpendicular then being slid along until
the decided-upon height intersects the
diagonal and the width can then be read
at the point where the perpendicular
cuts the base line.

United Typothetse of America
News Notes.

That the members of the printing
industry are feeling more keenly the need
for association work is best evidenced by
the constant demand for the services of
the field staff of the United Typothetse.

Thomas W. McGlaughlin, who has
centered his efforts in Oklahoma for
many months, is now in Wichita, Kansas,
engaged in making a survey of printing
conditions. Mr. McGlaughlin partici¬
pated in the big printers’ meeting held
there on February 22 and 23.

Edward T. Miller has been making a
survey of printing conditions in the
Elkhart-South Bend district, which is
resulting in the formation of a District
Typothetse for that territory. Through
Mr. Miller’s efforts, an association with
a local office and executive secretary
was formed during January, and is now
doing splendid work in the Fort Wayne
territory.

J. E. Hillenbrand has in recent months
effected associations in central California,
and, according to the reports of printers
there, the entire State is to be included
in an aggressive organization program.

James J. Vance, who is well known
throughout the printing-trade, has been
added to the staff of field men of the
national organization. Mr. Vance recent¬
ly spent a number of days in Philadelphia
conferring with E. Lawrence Fell and
Charles L. Kinsley, of the Executive
Committee of the United Typothetai of
America, and Franklin W. Heath,
secretary of the Philadelphia Typothetse,
in regard to his work in Eastern Pennsyl¬
vania. Mr. Vance is now engaged in
organization work in Reading.

F. W. Fillmore, head accountant, was
hastily called from Richmond, Virginia,
where he was engaged in auditing and

THE INLAND PRINTER

special cost work for members, to confer
with the Committee on Education.
Following his work with this committee,
Mr. Fillmore will begin a contract in
Nashville, Tennessee.

In addition to having a knowledge of
hour-cost of a department, it is essential
to know the productive capacity of a
machine or set of employees. This is
particularly made manifest in these days
of abnormal costs, and, as some printers
report, a keener competition for available
jobs. The national office has spent
thousands of dollars upon the subject
of production, and will be very glad to
send full information and data to any
printer who makes inquiry.

The national office learns that several
local associations have formally adopted
the trade customs that are found upon
the Standard proposal blank. These
trade customs have not only been
approved by the executive officers of
the United Typothetse of America, but
have been passed upon from a legal
standpoint by its counsel. Associations
and groups of printers are urged to
investigate these trade customs and
forthwith adopt them as a protective
measure for their locality. The national
office will gladly send samples of the
Standard proposal blank, which includes
the trade customs.

The returns from the membership,
covering annual statements of cost of
production for 1917, are now reaching
the national office. Inquiries reveal an
increased interest in the final com¬
pilation of this exhibit, which will show
the average costs 'of departments in a
printing-plant for the past year. Because
of the increased costs of labor and
operating expenses, this statement, which
will be completed early this year, is
looked forward to with unusual interest.

The national office, through its sec¬
retary, Joseph A. Borden, has prepared
a manual intended for use by the field
staff of cost men and organizers of the
United Typothetse of America. Advance
proofs, totaling well on to a hundred
pages, have been placed in the hands of
the members of the Executive Committee
and also secretaries of local associations
for the purpose of receiving constructive
criticism and suggestions for final com¬
pletion. This manual comprehends the
complete organizing of a community
under the three-year plan, and already
there are cities which have been favored
with its application and with splendid
results. Printers in general will be
interested to know that progress is being
made in this direction, and that efforts
of this kind are gradually becoming
standardized.

The Standard Course in Estimating
and the Standard Course in Salesman¬
ship at this writing are engaging two

815

hundred and sixty-five men in the study
of those fundamentals that underlie the
correct method of estimating and selling
printing. On the best of authority these
courses can be highly recommended to
any one engaged in the printing industry
who feels he has the foundation and
necessary knowledge of the printing
business to make either an estimator or
salesman of printing.

Walter W. Barrett, Candidate for
Re-election to I. T. U. Office.

Before this issue of The Inland
Printer reaches its readers, nominations
for the offices of the International Typo-

Walter W. Barrett.

graphical Union will have been deter¬
mined, the local unions balloting on the
various candidates at their February
meetings. A Chicago man, a personal
friend of the members of the editorial
staff of this journal, Walter W. Barrett,
is a candidate for the nomination to the
office of first vice-president, in which
capacity he is just completing his sec¬
ond term. Though a comparatively
young man, Mr. Barrett has made an
enviable record for himself in the various
offices he has held in the union. As
president of Chicago Typographical
Union his services were valuable to the
workers, and yet, because of his open
mind, his businesslike methods, his
grasp of situations as they arose, and
his fair and honorable dealing, he won
the respect of employers as well as men.
It is not the desire of The Inland
Printer to mingle in organization
political affairs, but as friends of Mr.
Barrett — and not as partizans — we
are naturally interested in whatever
success he attains, as he is worthy.

8i6

AMONG THE SUPPLY HOUSES.

Handbook for Intertype Users.

The Intertype Corporation has favored
The Inland Printer with a copy of
a new book of information on the inter¬
type machine which it has prepared and
published for the assistance of users and
purchasers of that machine. The book
is substantially bound and of a size to
fit the pocket. It contains much valu¬
able information on the installation,
care and operation of the machine.
Printers already equipped with the
intertype can secure a copy for their
machinists by writing the company at
its nearest branch office.

The Whitaker Paper Company’s
Sales Meeting.

The fourteenth annual sales meeting
of the Whitaker Paper Company, which
took place near the first of the year, as
usual, was an interesting and notable
event in the paper trade. At this
meeting a large number of the company’s
representatives from all parts of the
country exchanged experiences for a
day and an evening at the Hotel Sinton,
Cincinnati, where the head offices of
the company are located. In addition
to the business sessions a banquet was
tendered the employees by the company,
at which an interesting program was
enjoyed in addition to the delicacies of
the menu. As an item of the program,
A. L. Whitaker, toastmaster, paid a
tribute to the late Harrison P. Warrener,
who for many years was prominent in
the company’s activities.

Frank Sinclair Recovering from
Serious Illness.

We are advised by E. Sinclair, of the
Sinclair & Valentine Company, that his
brother, Frank, identified with him in
the manufacture and sale of printing-
inks, is convalescent after a serious attack
of intestinal poisoning. Efforts have
been made to have him take a few weeks’
rest away from New York city, Mrs.
Sinclair being delegated to influence
Mr. Sinclair to do so. but those who
know him best realize how difficult will
be her task to get his mind off inks,
after so many years’ close association
with the business.

New Sample-Book of Gummed
Papers.

Samuel Jones & Co., Newark, New
Jersey, have issued a new catalogue,
showing samples of the various grades
of gummed papers they manufacture.
The samples cover every needed size,
color and weight, and the quality ranges
from a high grade of coated stock to
low-priced flats. One feature of the

THE INLAND PRINTER

book is the showing of poster-stamp
shipping-labels, which should provide an
exceptional opportunity for creative
selling. These labels, a combination of
a shipping-label with the addition of
the poster-stamp idea, while used very
little as yet, provide quite an effective
advertising vehicle and should find a
ready sale by printers.

Booklets on the Ludlow
Typograph.

The Mergenthaler Linotype Company,
Tribune building, New York city, has
recently issued two handsome booklets
on the Ludlow Typograph. of which the
company is selling agent. One of the
booklets is made up of specimen impres¬
sions of type-faces available on the
machine; the other is a book of general
information on the product, construction
and operation of the Ludlow. Printers
who desire to keep informed on the
latest developments in the industry
should secure copies of these booklets.

Electric Feeder Production Again
Reaches Normal.

Word comes from the Fort-ified
Manufacturing Company, Kansas City,
Missouri, that the production of the
Fort-ified electric metalfeed for type¬
casting machines has again reached
normal, after some delay in the receipt
of shipments of material.

The demand that greeted the device
when it was offered last year, coupled
with the acute shortages in the electrical
material market, have kept production
far behind orders, but the fact that the
company reports twelve new installations
for the first two weeks in January seems
to forecast a good year.

Sierra Paper Company Enjoys
Rapid Growth.

It is gratifying to note in these stressful
times examples of substantial growth and
expansion of firms identified with the
graphic arts field. Among the firms that
have kept on growing during the past
three years of uncertainty is the Sierra
Paper Company, Los Angeles, California.
In a letter advising The Inland Printer
of the forwarding of the company’s 1918
calendar, Fred H. French, general
manager, writes as follows: “We have
grown during the past three years to
the point where we have not only had
to double our force and delivery facilities,
but to double the space occupied when
the writer took charge. . . If we can

keep up this rate of development for the
next three years, as we fully expect to
do, we shall have grown entirely out of
our present quarters, and our parent
house, the J. W. Butler Paper Company,
can no longer refer to us as one of its
smaller branches.”

March , igi8

Specimen Book of Products of
the Virkotype Process.

The Wood, Nathan & Virkus Com¬
pany, 30 East Twenty-third street, New
York city, recently issued a handsome
portfolio containing specimens character¬
ized on the cover as “embossing, engrav¬
ing and lithographing direct from type
without the use of dies or plates.” On
the leaves of the portfolio, which are of
Onyx stock, forty-two specimens of
commercial work done by the Virkotype
process — in one, two and three colors — -
are tipped. Included among them are
announcements, invitations, letter-heads,
cards, etc., in embossed, engraved and
lithographed effects, all accomplished
with the same machine, the only changes
necessary for the different effects being
in the compounds used.

Barnhart Brothers & Spindler
Move Big Plant.

Barnhart Brothers & Spindler’s Wash¬
ington house took the contract for the
recent removal of the map department
and lithograph office of the United States
Geological Survey from the old location
on F street to the new Interior building
across from the War, Navy and State
Department buildings, Washington,
District of Columbia.

W. Seton Kent, manager of Barnhart’s
Washington branch, advises The Inland
Printer that it was a monster job,
twenty-nine days being required to
complete the transfer. The hauling
cost from $80 to $130 per day.

The largest items in the office were
thirty-two lithograph and offset presses,
one being a four-color Hall press, of the
size of a modern metropolitan daily
newspaper press. Barnhart Brothers &
Spindler not only did the moving but
furnished the foundations and did the
electric wiring. They contracted to do
the work in sixty days, but were able to
complete it in less than half that time.

Economy Engineering Company
Locates Office in New York.

Since the first of the year the Standard
Scale & Supply Company, 145 Chambers
street, has ceased to represent the
Economy Engineering Company in New
York city, the latter company having
opened its own New 'York office at 85
Murray street, which is in charge of
A. D. White.

This action was the result of the
greatly increased number of Economy
steel tiering-machines and barrel-storage
racks in use in New York and vicinity,
and of the desire of the company to
extend to customers in that territory
an efficient repair, engineering and sales
service.

M Of

THE INLAND PRINTER

Harry Hillman, Editor.

Published, monthly by

THE INLAND PRINTER COMPANY

632 Sherman Street, Chicago, U. S. A.

Address all Communications to The Inland Printer Company.

Yol. 60. MARCH, 1918. No. 6

Members of Audit Bureau of Circulations ; Associated Business
Papers, Inc. ; Chicago Trade Press Association ; National Editorial Asso¬
ciation ; Graphic Arts Association Departmental of the Associated Adver¬
tising Clubs of the World ; New York Master Printers’ Association ;
Printers' Supplymen’s Club of Chicago ; Advertising Association of
Chicago.

SUBSCRIPTION RATES.

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copies, 30 cents; none free.

Subscriptions may be sent by express, draft, money order or registered
letter. Make all remittances payable to The Inland Printer Company.

Single copies may be obtained from all news-dealers and typefounders
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made through the same agencies.

Patrons will confer a favor by sending us the names of responsible
news-dealers who do not keep it on sale.

• ADVERTISING RATES.

The Inland Printer reserves the right to reject any advertisement
for cause.

FOREIGN AGENTS.

JOHN Haddon & Co., Bouverie House, Salisbury square. Fleet street,
London, E. C., England.

Raithby, Lawrence & Co. (Limited), De Montfort Press, Leicester,
England.

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don, W. C., England.

Penrose & Co., 109 Farringdon Road, London, E. C., England.

Wm. Dawson & Sons, Cannon House, Breams buildings, London, E. C.,
England.

Alex. Cowan & Sons (Limited), General Agents, Melbourne, Sydney
and Adelaide, Australia.

Alex. Cowan & Sons (Limited), Wellington, New Zealand.

F. T. Wimble & Co., 87 Clarence street, Sydney, N. S. W.

H. Calmels, 150 Boulevard du Montparnasse, Paris, France.

John Dickinson & Co. (Limited), Cape Town, Durban and Johannes¬
burg, South Africa.

Jean Van Overstraeten, 3 rue Villa Hermosa, Brussels, Belgium.

A. Oudshoorn, 23 Avenue de Gravelle, Charenton, France.

WANT ADVERTISEMENTS

Prices for this department: 40 cents per line; minimum charge, 80
cents. Under “ Situations Wanted,” 25 cents per line; ninimum charge,
50 cents. Count ten words to the line. Address to be counted. Price
invariably the same whether one or more insertions are taken. Cash
must accompany the order. The insertion of ads received in Chicago
later than the fifteenth of the month preceding publication not guar¬
anteed. We can not send copies of The Inland Printer free to classified
advertisers.

BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES.

IF YOU ARE LOOKING for a real bargain in a complete printing-
office, including Miehle press, linotype and bindery, write the SHAT-
TUCK-NY & BICKFORD COMPANY, 312 Clay street, San Francisco.
This plant is operating now and making money ; is located in a live
California city ; plant is modern in every way ; will be sold for most
reasonable terms ; owner's reasons for wishing to sell will be given inter¬
ested parties.

FOR SALE — -Well-equipped book and job plant, consisting of pony
cylinder, 3 jobbers, Miller feeder, Boston stitcher, Portland punch,
2 folders, cutting-machine, perforator. No. 19 Mergenthaler, plenty type
and equipment ; doing over $20,000 annually ; in the best city in West
Virginia ; good reasons for selling ; long lease, cheap rent. M 587.

1 AM ABOUT to be drafted, and the Nutley (N. J.) Sun, weekly, of
which I am editor and manager, must be sold ; only paper in live
suburban town of 8,400 ; plant inventories $10,000 ; constantly growing ;
established 21 years and has always made money ; must have substantial
cash payment. JOHNSON FOY.

FOR SALE — One-fourth interest in printing, lithographing, stationery
and office-outfitting plant in large Southern city ; stock issued, $60,000 ;
annual business now about $200,000 ; investor with practical knowledge
can fill position of present owner ; salary $3,600 ; ill health in family
cause for selling. M 596.

FOR SALE — • Controlling interest of printing establishment in most
prosperous city in New York State; annual business $15,000; com¬
pletely equipped plant, value $8,000 ; modern machines ; will sell only to
business man who can maintain good-will. M 499.

FOR SALE — Best newspaper and job plant in Pennsylvania county-seat
town ; county and county officers Republican ; war draft breaks part¬
nership ; gilt-edge proposition for man who has the money ; no triflers.
JOS. S. JOHNSTON, Drawer H, Emporium, Pa.

WANTED — One live, hustling printer in each locality to handle our line
of sales and order books, duplicate and triplicate, carbon sheet or
carbonized ; large demand ; liberal commission. THE WIRTH SALES
BOOK CO., Chicago.

WANTED — -Have a large, up-to-date printing-plant with plenty of busi¬
ness and require a partner with $3,000 to $5,000 ; a grand opportunity
to associate with a hustler ; $40,000 stock incorporation. M 589.

ADVERTISER has fully equipped linotype plant in operation, located in
New York city ; would consider a proposition to form a company with
a party controlling the printing of publications. M 590.

WANTED — -A partner to take one-half interest in a small job-plant;
$150 required. R. H. ADAMS, 94 Eddywood ave., Springfield, Mass.

ENGRAVING METHODS.

ANYBODY CAN MAKE CUTS on ordinary sheet zinc at trilling cost
with my simple transferring and etching process ; skill and drawing
ability not required ; price of process, $1 ; circular and specimens for
2-cent stamp. THOS. M. DAY, Box 1, Windfall, Ind.

FOR SALE.

FOR SALE — Secondhand Kidders : one all-size adjustable rotary press,
size 43 by 56 inches, minimum sheet 26 by 34 inches, cuts anything
between, prints two colors on top and one color on reverse side of the web,
has traveling offset web and can do 133-line-screen half-tone printing ;
machine in A-l condition, with complete equipment ; immediate delivery ;
also one Straight Kidder rotary press, size 28 by 20 inches, printing one
color on each side of the web, press equipped to deliver product either
flat or folded, speed 8,000 to 10,000 revolutions per hour ; machine in
perfect condition, has never been used ; possession at once ; also one
Kidder, 36 by 48 inch two-color combination roll-product rotary wrapping-
paper press, with both rewound and flat sheet deliveries, for stereotype
plates, speed 9,000 per hour on rewound product and 8,000 revolutions per
hour on sheet delivery ; will thoroughly overhaul for quick delivery ; also
one Kidder 30 by 30 inch rotary press, printing two colors on the face and
one color on the reverse side of the web, for electrotype plates ; will fur¬
nish delivery to suit requirements and thoroughly overhaul for fairly quick
delivery. GIBBS-BROWER CO., 261 Broadway, New York city.

Megill’s Patent

MEGILL’S PATENT

Megill’s Patent

SPRING TONGUE GAUGE PINS

Automatic Register Gauge

DOUBLE-GRIP GAUGES j

QUICK ON

E. L. MEGILL, Pat. and Mfr.

60 Duane Street NEW YORK

VISE GRIP

Send for booklet this and other styles.

From us or your dealer. Free booklets.

Send for booklet this and other styles.

6-8

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

8i8

THE INLAND PRINTER

March, igi8

FOR SALE — Secondhand Kidder roll-feed, bed and platen presses ; one
8 by 12 inch one-color press, with rotary slitting attachment, cut-off
and flat delivery ; also one 12 by 26 inch two-color press, with slitting
attachment ; special parallel motion tape delivery, suitable for handling
tissue-paper or cloth stock, cut-off and flat delivery, with automatic
lowering table; also 12 by 26 inch double-head 1, 2, 3 or 4 color press,
with slitting attachment, cut-off and flat delivery. GIBBS-BROWER CO.,
261 Broadway, New York city.

THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE offers for sale its outfit of labor-saving
2-point brass leads and 6-point brass slugs, which has recently been
discarded ; will sell in fonts to suit needs of large or small offices. Here
is an opportunity to obtain brass labor-saving material considerably under
current market prices. Send list of your needs to Purchasing Agent,
THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE.

FOR SALE — - One 36 by 48 inch Kidder two-color roll-product rotary
press, with one pair of cylinders ; this machine is built so that a second
pair of cylinders or a third cylinder for three-color work can be added at
any time ; it is as good as new and is a bargain ; cash or easy payments.
THE JENNER CO., Inc., Louisville, Ky.

FOR SALE — Babcock “ Standard ” drum press No. 6, 6-column quarto,
size of bed 33% by 48 inches ; first-class condition. THE GOSS
PRINTING PRESS COMPANY, 1535 S. Paulina st., Chicago.

FOR SALE — Hoe two-revolution press, size of bed 44 by 60, four-roller,
for printing or cutting and creasing ; will trade in part payment.
RICHARD PRESTON, 49A Purchase st., Boston, Mass.

FOR SALE — No. 5, single-magazine, quick-change linotype, Serial No.

12134, with 1 magazine, 1 font of mats, liners, etc. ; cash or time.
THE ZIEGLER PRINTING COMPANY. Butler, Pa.

BOOKBINDERS' MACHINERY — Rebuilt Nos. 3 and 4 Smyth book¬
sewing machines, thoroughly overhauled and in first-class order.
JOSEPH E. SMYTH. 638 Federal st., Chicago.

COMPLETE PRINTER'S OUTFIT for sale at half price; press, racks,
stones, cases, type, furniture — everything. Send for description.
L. S. McVEY, Rulo, Neb.

LINOTYPES — Three Model 1 machines, with complete equipment of
molds, magazines and matrices. NEW HAVEN UNION CO., New
Haven, Conn.

LINOTYPE — Model No. 1. Serial No. 8011. with one magazine, liners,
ejector-blades, font of matrices. TRIBUNE PRINTING CO., Charles¬
ton, W. Va.

LINOTYPE — Model 5 (rebuilt from Model 3), No. 7286; molds, mat¬
rices, liners and blades. SUNSET PUBLISHING HOUSE, San Fran¬
cisco, Cal.

LINOTYPE — Model 2, Serial No. 706; 1 motor, 1 magazine, 8 fonts of
matrices. ARYAN THEOSOPHICAL PRESS, Point Loma, Cal.

LINOTYPE — Model 1, Serial No. 6605; 1 magazine, 1 mold and 1 font
of matrices. METROPOLITAN PRESS, Seattle, Wash.

FOR SALE — No. 7 Boston wire-stitcher, in splendid condition. RICH¬
ARD PRESTON, 49A Purchase, Boston, Mass.

FOR SALE — One 64-inch Seybold automatic clamp trimmer, one 44-inch
Seybold automatic clamp trimmer. M 576.

FOR SALE — New rebuilt double thirty-two Brown folding-machine ;
unused ; cheap. M 608.

FOR SALE — One 14 by 22 Colt's Armory press in first-class condition.
M 520.

HELP WANTED.

Artists.

TWO FIRST-CLASS fashion artists, experienced in mail-order catalogue
work, for June and July; transportation paid. McDERMID EN¬
GRAVING CO., Ltd., Box 999, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

Bindery.

WANTED — By large book-manufacturing plant in New York, a young
man, preferably with college education, who has had several years’
experience in printing and binding business as an executive ; knowledge
of technical details necessary, and eostwork essential ; state experience,
general qualifications, age and present salary ; replies regarded in strict
confidence. M 609.

WORKING FOREMAN — First-class, all-around man — - ruler, forwarder,
finisher — to take charge bindery and operate for results ; good, per¬
manent place, open shop. Full particulars first letter, with scale wanted.
JACKSONVILLE PRINTING CO., Jacksonville, Fla.

WANTED — First-class blank-book forwarder and finisher, also folder
operator, by the most modern printing company in Louisville ; give
full particulars as to experience and wages when answering. M 592.

WANTED — Combination ruler and bookbinder; good wages for good
mechanic : steady job, high-grade work and good conditions ; state
experience, ability and salary expected in first letter. M 586.

RULER WANTED — A good opening for a first-class blank-book ruler;

union; permanent position, full time guaranteed. HAYWOOD PUB.
CO., Lafayette, Indiana.

Composing-Room.

WANTED — -All-around printer, full of pep, able to take charge of
composing-room and lock forms ; none but a sober, industrious man
needed. M 607.

WANTED — Monotype keyboard and caster combination operator on job
and catalogue work in a town in the Middle West ; non-union ; must
be first-class ; permanent position. M 580.

WANTED — First-class compositor; steady position to right man;
union. MONTHLY RECORD PUB. CO., 7206 Kelly st„ Pittsburgh, Pa.

Inspector.

PRINTING INSPECTOR — Young man wanted for inspection of paper,
printing, plates and supplies ; should have knowledge of this line of
work and be capable of directing a small group of inspectors. In reply,
give age and details of experience. M 606.

Managers and Superintendents.

WANTED — In ideal Arizona mining camp, 3,000, established, growing,
and with brilliant future, 14 hours' ride from Los Angeles, best eleva¬
tion, finest climate, healthy, an A-l, all-around printer for weekly news¬
paper and job office ; must be married and able to act as foreman or
superintendent as business grows. M 595.

Office.

WANTED — -A-l bookkeeper-stenographer for modern well-equipped
photoengraving plant, who has good knowledge of the mechanical
operations producing printing-plates and who understands costkeeping
and billing. A. ZEESE ENGRAVING COMPANY. Dallas, Texas.

Organization and Cost Men.

WANTED — Men who have a general all-around knowledge of the print¬
ing business, with sales experience, are offered most attractive employ¬
ment as district organizers ; also accountants to install the Standard
Cost-Finding System. UNITED TYPOTHETiE OF AMERICA, 608 S.
Dearborn st., Chicago.

Pressroom.

ATTENTION — POSITION IS OPEN FOR A FIRST-CLASS CYL¬
INDER PRESSMAN CAPABLE OF TAKING CHARGE OF A
SMALL PRESSROOM; WANT HIM TO TAKE SMALL INTEREST
IN A PROFITABLE BUSINESS TO INSURE HIS CO-OPERATION
FOR HIS AND OUR BEST INTERESTS. M 480.

Proofroom.

COPY READER WANTED — -Man or woman with printing-house expe¬
rience and good knowledge of correct English, to read and prepare
advertising copy for the printer as supplied by various writers, and to read
proof of same ; permanent position for right person, 9with good possibil¬
ities of advancement. GEORGE FRANK LORD, Director of Advertising,
E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, Delaware.

Salesmen.

WANTED — A high-grade printing salesman to represent THE ROY-
CROFTERS in New York, Chicago, Boston, Philadelphia. Cleveland,
Cincinnati and St. Louis. We are looking for the right man to represent
us in each of the above territories. Address THE ROYCROFTERS, East
Aurora, N. Y., for full particulars.

WANTED — Experienced printing sales manager and three first-class
solicitors for high-grade work by one of the best-equipped plants in the
South. M 594.

INSTRUCTION.

LINOTYPE INSTRUCTION — 17 Mergenthalers ; evenings, $5 weekly;

day course (special), 9 hours daily, 7 weeks, $80 ; three months’ course,
$150; 10 years of constant improvement; every possible advantage; no
dummy keyboards, all actual linotype practice ; keyboards free ; call or
write. EMPIRE MERGENTHALER LINOTYPE SCHOOL, 133-137
East 16th st., New York city.

MISCELLANEOUS.

BOOST YOUR SUBSCRIPTION LIST with original subscription-getting
campaigns prepared by a circulation expert, adapted especially to your
publication; no contests ; subscriptions come on merit and “ stick.” Write
GEORGE W. BUCKNAM, Box 2792, Boston, Mass.

SITUATIONS WANTED.

Bindery.

BINDERY SUPERINTENDENT, with a thorough knowledge of all
branches of bindery work, is open for position as foreman or superin¬
tendent of mechanical departments with a progressive concern ; if you
are seeking a practical man and one who is efficient, accurate estimator,
knows how to handle his help and produce the highest grade of work, will
be glad to get in touch with you. M 604.

PROCESS

WORK Electrotyping

The Journal for all up-to-date Process Workers

All matters of current interest to Process Workers and Electrotypers are dealt with month
by month, and both British and Foreign ideas as to theory and practice are intelligently
and comprehensively dealt with. Special columns devoted to Questions and Answers, for
which awards are given. It is also the official organ of the Penrose Employment Bureau.
PER ANNUM, $0.72, Post-free. Specimen Copy, Post-free, $0.08.

Specimen copies can. also be obtained from The Inland Printer Company upon request*

A limited space is available for approved advertisements; for scale of charges apply to the Publishers.

Published by A.W. PENROSE & Co., Ltd., 109 Farringdon Road, LONDON, E.C.

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

March , 1918

THE INLAND PRINTER

819

BINDERY FOREMAN, good executive ability, familiar with blank-book,
edition, catalogue, commercial, job and pamphlet work, and bindery
machinery, wants position. M 410.

Composing-Room.

SITUATION as foreman or stoneman in shop doing nice work ; at trade
10 years, foreman 4 ; age 26, married, union ; getting results ; em¬
ployed at present ; go anywhere. M 605.

LINOTYPE MACHINIST, experienced on all models; will go anywhere;

references, union ; will take position as operator-machinist in plant of
several machines. M 603.

POSITION in up-to-date job-printing plant : I am an all-around book¬
binder by trade, but prefer outside work in soliciting job-printing.
M 593.

Managers and Superintendents.

AT AUCTION, to the highest bidder in 1918, a superintendent; 34 years
of age ; 20 years' experience, 10 in America, and 6 years as foreman
and systematize!’ in New York city ; well spoken of in The Inand Printer
and The American Printer; specifications: composition, artistic; lay¬
out, original ; stonework, accurate ; presswoi’k, thoroughly acquainted ;
proofreading, slow ; estimating, expert on everything but the paper ;
ad-writing, striking ; recommendations, good : am bid $35 ; any better ?
Going, going; do I hear $40? Send your bid with full particulars to
M 598.

SUPERINTENDENT — One who thoroughly understands the printing
and lithographing business, good systematizer, efficient in all depart¬
ments, wishes to get in touch with a fast growing printing-house where
ability and efficiency will be appreciated. M 599.

SUPERINTENDENT OF PRESSROOM— At present employed, but desire
to make change ; can produce both quality and quantity ; 17 years’

experience in book, color and commercial work ; married, temperate ;
best references. M 588.

Pressroom.

SITUATION WANTED by expert, practical man of 37 ; experienced on
Duplex newspaper press, three and four color process, vignette cut and
catalogue, rotogravure presswork, auto feeders of all makes ; also platen
Colts ; have held foremanships in East and West ; splendid executive ;
married ; at trade 23 years ; would make small investment ; at present
employed. M 600.

POSITION WANTED — Machinist, expert on feeders, folders and
presses, and bookbinding machinery, as maintenance man with respon¬
sible firm. M 602.

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

WANTED — Secondhand Kidder roll-feed, bed and platen presses, of any
size or type, with or without special attachments. GIBBS-BROWER
CO., 261 Broadway, New York city.

WANTED — A newspaper press and outfit, capable of running 8 to 12
pages ; only recent models considered ; cash paid to one having a
bargain. M 597.

SECONDHAND dieing-machine wanted. METROPOLITAN LITHO &
PUB. CO., Everett, Mass.

WANTED — • Small-size lever paper-cutter ; must be in good condition
and low price. M 601.

WANTED — - Linotype machine. No. 18 or 19 ; cash paid to one having
a bargain. M 591.

WANTED — -A Kidder press in good condition; state lowest cash price.
M 528.

BUSINESS DIRECTORY.

Advertising Blotters.

PRINT BLOTTERS for yourself — the best advertising medium for
printers. We furnish handsome color-plate, strong wording and com¬
plete “ layout” — new design each month. Write today for free samples
and particulars. CHAS. L. STILES, 230 N. 3d st., Columbus, Ohio.

Advertising for Printers.

BLOTTERS, Folders, Mail-Cards, Booklets, House-Organs ■ — We furnish
two-color cuts and copy monthly. You do the printing and own the
cuts for your town. Small cost, profitable returns. Write for samples
and prices. ARMSTRONG ADVERTISING SERVICE, Des Moines.

Brass-Type Founders.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

Calendar-Pads.

THE SULLIVAN PRINTING WORKS COMPANY, 1062 Gilbert av„
Cincinnati, Ohio, makes 109 sizes and styles of calendar-pads for 1918 ;
now ready for shipment ; the best and cheapest on the market ; all pads
guaranteed perfect ; write for sample-books and prices.

Carbon Black.

CABOT, GODFREY L. — See advertisement.

Casemaking and Embossing.

SHEPARD, THE HENRY O., COMPANY, 632 Sherman st., Chicago.
Write for estimates.

Chase Manufacturers.

BARNHART BROTHERS & SPINDLER — Electric-welded, silver-gloss
steel chases, guaranteed forever. See Typefounders.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE — Steel chases for all
printing purposes. See Typefounders.

Copper and Zinc Prepared for Half-Tone and Zinc Etching.

THE AMERICAN STEEL & COPPERPLATE CO., 101-111 Fairmont
av., Jersey City, N. J. ; 116 Nassau st.. New York city ; 610 Federal
st., Chicago, Ill. ; 3 Pemberton row, London, E. C., England.

NATIONAL STEEL & COPPERPLATE COMPANY, 542 South Dear¬
born st., Chicago, Ill. ; 805 Flatiron bldg.. New York city ; 1101 Locust
st., St. Louis, Mo. ; 12 East Second st., Cincinnati, Ohio.

Countine-Machines.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE — See Typefounders.

Cylinder Presses.

BARNHART BROTHERS & SPINDLER — See Typefounders.

Electrotypers’ and Stereotypers’ Machinery.

THE OSTRANDER-SEYMOUR CO., general offices. Tribune bldg., Chi¬
cago. Eastern office, 38 Park row, New York. Send for catalogue.

HOE, R., & CO.. New York. Printing, stereotyping and electrotyping
machinery. Chicago offices, 544-546 S. Clark st.

Embossing Composition.

STEWART’S EMBOSSING BOARD — Easy to use, hardens like iron;

6 by 9 inches. 3 for 40c. 6 for 60e, 12 for $1, postpaid. THE INLAND
PRINTER COMPANY, Chicago.

Embossing-Dies and Stamping-Dies.

CHARLES WAGENFOHR, Sr., 140 West Broadway, New York. Dies
and stamps for printers, lithographers and binders.

Hot-Die Embossing.

GOLDING MFG. CO., Franklin, Mass. Our Hot Embosser facilitates
embossing on any job-press ; prices, $40 to $90.

Ink-Fountain.

THE NEW CENTURY ink-fountain, for sale by all dealers in type and
printer's supplies. WAGNER MFG. CO., Scranton, Pa.

Job Printing-Presses.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

BARNHART BROTHERS & SPINDLER — See Typefounders.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE — See Typefounders.

GOLDING MFG. CO., Franklin, Mass. Golding and Pearl.

Motors and Accessories for Printing Machinery.

SPRAGUE ELECTRIC WORKS, 527 W. 34th st.. New York. Electric
equipment for printing-presses and allied machines a specialty.

Numbering-Machines.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE — See Typefounders.

Paper-Cutters.

OSWEGO MACHINE WORKS, Oswego, New York. Cutters exclusively.
The Oswego, and Brown and Carver and Ontario.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

BARNHART BROTHERS & SPINDLER — See Typefounders.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE — See Typefounders.

GOLDING MFG. CO., Franklin, Mass. Golding and Pearl.

Perforators.

F. P. ROSBACK CO.. Benton Harbor, Mich. Perforating-machines of all
kinds, styles and sizes.

Photoengravers’ Machinery and Supplies.

THE OSTRANDER-SEYMOUR CO., general offices, Tribune bldg., Chi¬
cago. Eastern office, 38 Park row', New York. Send for catalogue.

Photoengravers’ Metal, Chemicals and Supplies.

NATIONAL STEEL & COPPERPLATE COMPANY, 542 South Dear¬
born st., Chicago, Ill. : 805 Flatiron bldg.. New York city; 1101 Locust
st., St. Louis, Mo. ; 212 East Second st., Cincinnati, Ohio.

Photoengravers’ Screens.

LEVY, MAX, Wayne av. and Berkeley st., Wayne Junction, Philadel¬
phia, Pa.

Presses.

HOE, R., & CO.. New York. Printing, stereotyping and electrotyping
machinery. Chicago offices, 544-546 S. Clark st.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE — See Typefounders.

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

820

THE INLAND PRINTER

March, 1918

Printers’ Rollers and Roller-Composition.

BINGHAM'S, SAM'L, SON MFG. CO., 636-704 Sherman st„ Chicago;

also 514-518 Clark av„ St. Louis ; 88-90 South 13th st., Pittsburgh ;
706-708 Baltimore av., Kansas City; 40-42 Peters st., Atlanta, Ga. ;
151-153 Kentucky av., Indianapolis ; 1306-1308 Patterson av., Dallas,

Tex. ; 719-721 Fourth st., S., Minneapolis, Minn. ; 609-611 Chestnut st.,
Des Moines, Iowa ; Shuey Factories bldg., Springfield, Ohio.

BINGHAM BROTHERS COMPANY, 406 Pearl st., New York; also
131 Colvin st., Baltimore, Md. ; 521 Cherry st., Philadelphia, and 89
Allen st., Rochester, N. Y.

Allied Firm:

Bingham & Runge, East 12 st. and Powers av., Cleveland, Ohio.

WILD & STEVENS, Inc., 5 Purchase st., cor. High, Boston, Mass. Estab¬
lished 1850.

Printers’ Steel Equipment.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE, originators and
manufacturers of steel equipment for complete printing-plants. See
Typefounders.

Printers’ Supplies.

BARNHART BROTHERS & SPINDLER — See Typefounders.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE — See Typefounders.

Printing Machinery, Rebuilt.

BARNHART BROTHERS & SPINDLER — See Typefounders.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE — See Typefounders.

Printing Machinery, Secondhand.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE — See Typefounders.

Printing Material.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE — See Typefounders.

Punching- Machines.

F. P. ROSBACK CO., Benton Harbor, Mich. Multiplex punching-
machines for round, open or special shaped holes.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE — See Typefounders.

Rebuilt Printing-Presses.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

GOLDING MFG. CO., Franklin, Mass. All makes. Big values.

Roughing -Machines.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

Stereotyping Outfits.

ACME DRY PROCESS STEREOTYPING — This is a new process for
fine job and book work. Matrices are molded in a job-press on special
Matrix Boards. The easiest of all stereotyping processes. Catalogue on
receipt of two stamps. HENRY KAHRS, 240 E. 33d st., New York.

Typefounders.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO., original designs in type and deco¬
rative material, greatest output, most complete selection. Dealer in
wood type, printing machinei-y and printers’ supplies of all kinds.
Send to nearest house for latest type specimens. Houses — Boston, 270
Congress st. ; New York, 200 William st. ; Philadelphia, 17 S. 6th st. ;
Baltimore, 215 Guilford av. ; Richmond, 1320 E. Franklin st. ; Atlanta,
24 S. Forsyth st. ; Buffalo, 45 N. Division st. ; Pittsburgh, 323 3d av. ;
Cleveland, 15 St. Clair av., N.-E. ; Cincinnati, 646 Main st. ; St. Louis,
23 S. 9th st. ; Chicago, 210 W. Monroe st. ; Detroit, 43 W. Congress st. ;
Kansas City, 10th and Wyandotte sts. : Minneapolis, 419 4th st. ; Denver,
1621 Blake st. ; Los Angeles, 121 N. Broadway ; San Francisco, 820 Mis¬
sion st. ; Portland, 47 4th st. ; Spokane, 340 Sprague av. ; Winnipeg,
Can., 175 McDermot av.

KEYSTONE TYPE FOUNDRY SUPPLY HOUSE. Type, borders, brass
rule, printing machinery and printers’ supplies. Address our nearest
house. Philadelphia, 9th and Spruce sts. ; New York, Lafayette and
Howard sts. ; Chicago, 1108 South Wabash av. ; San Francisco, 762-766
Mission st.

BARNHART BROTHERS & SPINDLER, manufacturers and origina¬
tors of type-faces, borders, ornaments, cuts, electric-welded chases,
all-brass galleys and other printers’ supplies. Houses at — ■ Chicago,
Dallas, Kansas City, St. Paul, Washington, D. C., St. Louis, Omaha,
Seattle.

HANSEN, H. C., TYPE FOUNDRY (established 1872), 190-192 Congress
st., Boston ; 535-547 Pearl st., cor. Elm, New York.

LET US estimate on your type requirements. EMPIRE TYPE FOUN¬
DRY, Buffalo, N. Y.

Wire- Stitchers.

F. P. ROSBACK CO., Benton Harbor, Mich. Stitchers of all sizes, flat
and saddle, (4 to 1 inch, inclusive. Flat only, 1 to 2 inches.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

Wood Goods.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS CO.— See Typefounders.

CAMPBELL PRINTING PRESS
REPAIR PARTS COMPANY

We have a few bargains in REBUILT presses. Let us
know your needs, also repair parts for Campbell Presses.

New York Office: Pulitzer Building Works: Brooklyn, N. Y.

Avoid delay when needing repairs by sending orders direct to office.

ECONOMY STEEL
TIERING MACHINES

enable one man to lift heavy boxes*, bales ,
barrels and rolls*, clear to ceiling’s height.

Built to operate by hand* electric or pneu¬
matic power. Portafole9 safe and simple.

New Designs and Improvements*

It will pay you to get full information.

ECONOMY ENGINEERING COMPANY

423 So® Washtenaw A?e.( Chicago
New York Office; Foreign Agents;

85 Murray St. Brown Portable Elevator Co. , Chicago

THE SEAL OF
GOOD

ELECTROTYPES

that give the maximum
wear and require the
minimum make-ready.

Lead Mould Electro¬
type Foundry, inc.

Is a Fine oflrt” 504 West 24th St., New York

A Modern Monthly-

All About PAPER

HTHE PAPER DEALER
-*■ gives the wanted informa¬
tion on the general and technical
subject of

I^apcr

It will enable the printer to
keep posted on paper, to buy
advantageously, and to save
money on his paper purchases.
Has subscribers throughout forty-five States. Also
Canada and foreign countries.

THIS SPECIAL OFFER

Covers 1918- 1919 at the very special rate of $1.00
instead of $2.00. This is an opportunity worth while.
Proves an investment, not an expense, to printers.

The PAPER DEALER

186 NORTH LA SALLE STREET, CHICAGO

“Where

Electrotyping

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

V.1

SIGMUND

ULLMAN

COMPANY

(ESTABLISHED 1861)

Manufacturers of

PRINTING INK

\ '•

NEW YORK
CHICAGO
CLEVELAND

Are^ou

Advertising

inAour
Customers

Ovcf Os
fvlVAVion
De»k».

Jncroixs* io

Pr^atefSTAclvertise !

Branch out — go after profitable new business
— keep your name before buyers of printing —
build a bigger, better business by advertising.

Every one reads the daily newspapers, hence compelling
announcements advertisting your business in your daily
paper will reach every possible buyer of printed matter.
Newspaper advertising will effectively supplement what¬
ever other advertising you are doing.

We will Co-operate with You

The book, cover of which is here shown, contains reproductions of an attractive, unusual series
of advertising plates which you may have for the asking. It also contains pictures and descrip¬
tions of specially designed lantern slides, such as can be profitably used in your community
motion picture houses. All of this advertising links your name with that of the nationally known
business writing paper — Brother Jonathan Bond. Send for this advertising book at once and
start a campaign in your city that will stamp you as the leading and most progressive printer in
your section.

Distributors of Brother Jonathan Bond and other “ Butler Brands ”

Standard Paper Co. . . . Milwaukee, Wis. American Type Founders Co. Spokane, Wash.

Missouri~Interstate Paper Co,, Kansas City, Mo, National Paper & Type Co. (export only) ,

Mississippi Valley Paper Co., . St. Louis, Mo, New York City M .

Southwestern Paper Co. .... Dallas, Tex. National Paper «& Type Co. . . Havana, Cuba l|

Southwestern Paper Co. . . . Houston, Tex. National Paper & Type Co., Mexico City, Mexico /f

Pacific Coast Paper Co. . San Francisco, Cal. National Paper & Type Co. Monterey, Mexico II

Sierra Paper Co. .... Los Angeles, Cal. National Paper <& Type Co. Guadalajara, Mex. If I ^

Central Michigan Paper Co., National Paper & Type Co., II j ^*1 _£ J

Grand Rapids, Mich. Buenos Aires, Argentine Republic M /* J

Mutual Paper Co. ..... Seattle, Wash. National Paper & Type Co. Guaymas, Mexico II '

Commercial Paper and Card Co., New York City National Paper & Type Co. . . . Lima, Peru II

Detroit

,o Indianapolis

1-1

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

Two SCOTT

All-Size

Rotary Printing-Presses

Ready for Immediate
Shipment

Owing to inability to ship abroad at present, we
have on hand two All -Size Color Rotary Presses

that may interest you.

One Press Cuts Off Any Length of Sheet

up to forty-six inches and any width up to sixty inches.

It prints black on one side and an extra color on
second side of sheet. Press is fitted with Oiling

Offset Device.

The Second Machine

cuts off any length of sheet up to forty-six inches, but
prints any width up to seventy inches. This press
prints an extra color on both sides of the sheet. It has
Automatic Roll Tympan and Oiling Offset Device,
capable of turning out the finest quality of work.

Grant us an opportunity of placing all the facts before you about

this line of machinery .

WALTER SCOTT & COMPANY

DAVID J. SCOTT. General Manager

NEW YORK OFFICE: 1457 Broadway CHICAGO OFFICE: Monadnock Block

Main Office and Factory: PLAINFIELD, NEW JERSEY, U. S. A.

CABLE ADDRESS: Waltscott, New York CODES USED: ABC (5th Edition) and Our Own

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

□ uaoaooannnarjnaana
0

Cardboard

of Quality

HE great increase in Direet-by-Mail Advertising
during the past few years has created countless

opportunities for profitable printing that were practically unknown a decade
ago. Every day more printers are turning toward this rich “land of oppor¬
tunity” and by the increased business to be found therein, not only succeed in materially
reducing their “overhead,” but can figure a generous profit for their time and energy.

A result of this trend in advertising — and one of para¬
mount importance to the printer — is the greater interest the

buyer of printing today manifests in the finished product. He demands the best in
materials and workmanship, because his direct literature must express not alone the quality
of his product, but the dignity and character of his business as well. His mailing folders,
his catalog and booklet covers are his silent salesmen and, as such, must be neat in
appearance and well “dressed.” And the best printing in the world cannot produce the
desired results upon a stock of mediocre grade.

The business of this Company is the manufacture of coated
cardboard for printing of quality. Recognized as a standard

of quality for sixty years, Oak Leaf Brand Cardboard is the choice of the printer who
knows and of the advertiser who realizes the commercial value found in using only the
best. It is sold under a trade-mark and its quality is absolutely guaranteed. It is the card¬
board par excellence for all direct advertising which must express dignity, character and stability.

Write us regarding the kind of work you do. We will be
glad to send samples of appropriate grades and weights

together with the name of the nearest distributor of Oak Leaf Brand Cardboard.

“ The Standard of Quality Since 1857 ”

A. M. Collins Mfg. Company

PHILADELPHIA

New York, 333 Fourth Avenue

Chicago, 30 East Randolph Street

Qnunnannna

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

HAMILTON

STEEL AND WOOD
CABINETS for Printers

Designs based on motion
study in the composing-
room — giving positive
assurance of reduction
in cost of composition
and saving of floor space

HAMILTON EQUIPMENT PAYS FOR ITSELF
LET US SHOW YOU WHY

Hamilton Equipments carried in stock and sold by all prominent typefounders and
dealers in Printers’ and Bookbinders’ Supplies everywhere.

The Hamilton Mfg. Co.

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

zsm

CROSS

CONTINUOUS

FEEDER

f^W(0

''i-x

mm n$

^bu can gel over

the HUMAN
OBSTACLE -

THERE’’ S an obstacle in your plant that holds
you back from maximum profits. It’s the
human hand.

You can’t remove it, even if you would, because it
is essential to all progress. But ,you can use it to better
advantage , so that it ceases to be an obstacle and
becomes instead a boost.

A machine can never displace the human hand. But a
machine can uplift, dignify and relieve the drudg¬
ery of the hand and make it more comfortable , more
productive , more efficient, more valuable and more
prosperous .

Analysis shows that hand-fed Cylinder Presses are
not as profitable as many printers suppose. Par¬
ticularly is this true in commercial plants where
so much time is lost in getting ready for the runs.

The only way that this lost time can be made up
is by running the presses at top speed.

Cross Continuous Feeders work accurately at the maximum
speed of the press, increasing the output fully 30% over hand¬
feeding.

This increase of output in a year would be worth to you prob¬
ably $1,000, as against a cost of only $250 for maintenance and
operation. You might as well have that extra $750 in your
pocket.

Are you willing to be shown the facts? If so, send us a postal.
No obligation involved.

DEXTER FOLDER COMPANY

Paper Folding, Feeding, Binding , Cutting, Bundling Machinery

New York

Chicago

Philadelphia

Boston

Detroit

Atlanta

Dallas

San Francisco
Toronto

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

A Good Impression

The press has the weight and strength
absolutely necessary to good presswork.
It is balanced and adjusted to give a clear,
even impression on all classes of work.

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

BERRY No. 4
With

Automatic

Lift

Pat. May 191

Reduce
Your Punching

Cost

Clean Holes CUT
Two Thousand Per Cent Faster
Than By The
Old Punching Method!

&Ke BERRY
Sound Hole Cutter

No more “punching” round holes. Too slow
and expensive, like a Kansas farmer harvest¬
ing his wheat with a scythe.

The Berry machine CUTS them at the rate of
50 inches a minute — clean holes with sharp
edges and no burrs. It also cuts your punch¬
ing cost to the minimum.

Tissue paper, newspaper, bonds, ledger,
binder’s board, stencil board and even fiber —
in fact any paper or paste board stock blocked
or unblocked, including bound books up to
two inches thick, can be cut with the highest
degree of accuracy and facility.

Our machine has been thoroughly proved
during the past five years. But you are not
obliged to take our word alone for it. We
refer you to scores of the largest manufact¬
urers of blank books, loose leaf devices, cal¬
endars, telephone directories and stationery

Not a

Hollow Drill

in the country who have used Berry machines
for several years. A list of these will be sent
with our catalog.

The best evidence, however, is in “reorders.”
The Government Printing Office, for instance,
having used one of our machines for the past
two years, INSTALLED FIVE MORE OF
THEM THIS SPRING. Many other custo¬
mers have ordered additional machines, one
house having four in use.

The Berry does its remarkably good and
rapid work because of the patented Cutter
and Extractor shown alongside. The inside
spiral does not cut; it merely extracts the
waste produced by the outside Cutter.

Outside

Cutter and inside
Extractor
revolve in
opposite directions.
Can not
clog, bend or
overheat.

Made in four styles — one bench machine and
three floor models. Double head machines
may be fitted with as many as six spindles.

Send for booklet, prices, and full details.

BERRY MACHINE CO.

311 North Third Street, ST. LOUIS, MO.

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

Will You Be Prepared to Fill

Compositors : Many of your fellow
workers at the keyboard are soon
going to “do their bit” at their coun¬
try’s call. Are you prepared to take
their places and keep “business as
usual/’ “till the boys come home”?
You can help by learning the Mono¬
type keyboard, and at the same
time better your finances so that
you can help those who go.

THE

MONOTYPE

SCHOOLS

offer you this opportu¬
nity to learn the nicest
part of the business.
The work is easy, it is
clean, it is healthful and
remunerative; no gas
fumes, no poor ventila¬
tion mars its pleasant¬
ness. It is not at all
difficult to learn, and
your future is assured.

You will find no bet¬
ter way to help your
country, and the Mono¬
type schools will help
you without charge for
tuition.

Lanston Monotype

PHILADELPHIA,

NEW YORK, World Building

CHICAGO, Plymouth Building

Monotype Company of California

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

the Vacancies in Your Ranks?

Master Printers: A number of your
Monotype keyboard operators will
answer the call to the colors in the
very near future. Are you prepared
to fill the vacancies in your ranks
this will cause?

Their places must be filled promptly
in order to keep the wheels of trade
turning at normal speed. What are
you doing to help?

THE

MONOTYPE
SCHOOLS

will do their part in
training your composi¬
tors to be keyboard op¬
erators and help carry
on business as usual; if
they cannot come to
these schools, arrange¬
ments may be made on
a very satisfactory basis
to place an additional
keyboard in your plant.

Many compositors who
cannot go to the front
and those who return
will make good oper¬
ators. There is no charge
for tuition.

Machine Company

PENNSYLVANIA

BOSTON, Wentworth Building
TORONTO, Lumsden Building
SAN FRANCISCO, Rialto Building

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

BINGHAM

New York
(Main Office)
406 Pearl Street

Philadelphia
521 Cherry Street

BROTHERS

COMPANY

Rochester
89 Allen Street

Baltimore
131 Colvin Street

Allied with BINGHAM & RUNGE COMPANY, East 12th Street and Power Avenue, Cleveland

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

The Babcock Optimus

Number 43

Runs easily and quietly at 2,500 per hour, stands low, takes little room,
is conveniently handled and, with our other Pony Presses, has never been
equalled in printing small forms with big profits.

Every Babcock Optimus

whether large or small — two, three or four roller — embodies every requisite
for fine half-tone and color work or for rapid commercial printing. No other
flat beds are so universally equipped with time and labor saving devices.

The Babcock Optimus

is built in ten sizes and will print all sizes of paper, from a postal card to a
sheet 42 x 62, and all qualities from cardboard to tissue,
without change in adjustment.

See the Optimus at Work- Our Best Advertisements Are Not Printed — They Print.

The Babcock Printing Press Manufacturing Company

NEW LONDON, CONN. 38 PARK ROW, NEW YORK CITY

Barnhart Bros. & Spindler, General Western Agents, Chicago, St. Louis, Dallas, Kansas City, Omaha, St. Paul, Seattle
Miller & Richard, General Agents for Canada — Toronto, Ontario; Winnipeg, Manitoba
F. H. Boynton, Sales Agent, 86 Third Street, San Francisco, Cal.

John Haddon & Co., Agents, London, E. C.

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

Master Printers:

Important 1

The FASTEST, SIMPLEST and CHEAPEST

Lead, Slug and Rule Casting Attachment on the market
now perfected for the THOMPSON TYPE CASTER

This lead, slug and rule casting attachment
represents the final logical argument for
purchasing the logical type-casting machine

Type, leads, slugs and rules from one machine — the most
profitable buy in the field today

Indispensable in the ad room — a money-maker for the job-printer

See them in operation in all principal cities.

Write for descriptive literature, prices and terms.

ThompsonType Machine Company

223 West Erie St.
Chicago

38 Park Row
New York

Choose the Advance

“E-Z Cutter”

124 So. Fifth Ave., Chicago VPfl "\/T ipVl

38 Park Row, New York Old-IlU rid.Veil, lYllCIl.

IT saves your back and your money too.

Turns out big cutting and trimming
jobs quicker, cheaper and with less labor
than with any other hand-operated
machine. Makes the heaviest cuts with
ease. Accurate and true, not only when
new, but always. Simple adjustments
for taking up wear insure permanent
accuracy. Possesses every element of
convenience that makes for rapid hand¬
ling and greater production.

The ADVANCE is built in six sizes and
prices, from which you can select one
that will not only fit your business, but fit
your pocketbook as well. Write today
for descriptive catalog, prices and terms.
Sold and guaranteed by type founders and
dealers in all principal cities.

The Challenge Machinery Co.

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

Latham s MONITOR

Multiplex Punch

When buying
a punching machine

don’t overlook the fact that the cost of the machine
itself is much less than the cost of the various
style punching members you will eventually buy.
Therefore, a machine which is not mechanically
correct, and which does not drive the punches, as
they should be, nor with the proper force, will
eat up your profits by ruining expensive
punches and dies.

Latham Machinery Co.

NEW YORK Ann and Fulton Streets BOSTON

45 Lafayette St. CHICAGO, ILL. 130 Pearl St.

Boston Automatic
Staple Binder

Made in Two Styles
for Pedestal and
Bench Operation

Not a makeshift, but a first-class, dependable
staple binder of which about seven thousand
have been sold. Capacity three-sixteenths of
an inch. The equipment consists of flat and
saddle table, reversible driver, foot treadle
and iron work tables. Uses fine round wire
and turns out a quality of work equaling the
best wire stitching. Staples are paper covered
and are used in this way to minimize waste

WRITE TO THE NEAREST SELLING HOUSE
FOR PRICES AND COMPLETE PARTICULARS

American Type Founders Co.

GENERAL SELLING AGENT

Staple

Binder

Insures

Perfect

Stapling

Set in Souvenir Series

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

k . ) € . %>,.

HE Traffic Cops on Fifth Avenue are there to safeguard
the life and limb of those who use that thoroughfare.

THE EIGHT DISTINCT SAFETY FEATURES of the Seybold Dayton
Automatic Cutter are there for the protection of those who use them and
those who buy them. These features safeguard the operator against accidents
and prevent serious break-downs, due to mis-adjustment of the machine or
carelessness of the operator.

Then too, Seybold Dayton Cutters are a SAFE investment, for they are
built to pay dividends.

Investigate ‘‘SEYBOLD SAFETY” before deciding.

The Seybold Machine Company

Main Office and Factory — Dayton, Ohio, U. S. A.

BRANCHES AND AGENCIES

CHICAGO . THE SEYBOLD MACHINE CO., C. A. Stevens, Mgr. 112-114 W. Harrison St.

NEW YORK . E. P. LAWSON CO., Inc. . 151-153-155 W. 26th St.

SAN FRANCISCO . Shattuck-Ny Machinery and Supply Co. . 312 Clay St.

ATLANTA . J. H. Schroeter & Bro. TORONTO . The J. L. Morrison Co.

DALLAS . Barnhart Bros. & Spindler WINNIPEG . Toronto Type Foundry Co., Ltd.

LONDON . Smyth-Horne, Ltd.

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

COMBINED WORKS

THE AULT WIDORG COMPANY

NORWOOD ST BERNARD CINCINNATI^

- — — —

1-2

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

Reliable

Printers*

Rollers

Sami Binghams Son

Mfg. Co.

CHICAGO

636-704 Sherman Street

PITTSBURG

88-90 South 13th Street

ST. LOUIS

514 = 516 Clark Avenue

KANSAS CITY

706 Baltimore Avenue

ATLANTA

40=42 Peters Street

INDIANAPOLIS

151 = 153 Kentucky Avenue

DALLAS

1306=1308 Patterson Avenue

MINNEAPOLIS

719=721 Fourth St., So.

DES MOINES

609=611 Chestnut Street

CLEVELAND, OHIO

1285 West Second Street

SPRINGFIELD, OHIO

Shuey Factories Building

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

FOR PROMPT SERVICE

PRINTING MACHINERY
and PRINTERS’ SUPPLIES

CARRIED IN STOCK
FOR IMMEDIATE
SHIPMENT BY ALL
SELLING HOUSES
OF THE AMERICAN
TYPE FOUNDERS
COMPANY

THE NEWEST LINE

Hamilton Steel
Equipments for
Printing Plants

APE THE BEST

"AMERICAN
TYPE THE BEST IN
ANY CASE”

CHANDLER 6c PRICE PRESSES
CHANDLER & PRICE PAPER CUTTERS
DIAMOND PAPER CUTTERS
OSWEGO PAPER CUTTERS
THE HARTFORD PRESS
THE NATIONAL PRESS
BOSTON WIRE STITCHERS
BOSTON STAPLE BINDERS
PORTLAND MULTIPLE PUNCHES
GOLDING MACHINERY
CUT-COST EQUIPMENT
HAMILTON WOOD GOODS

Also a Complete Line of Composing and
Press Room Necessities, including

TYPE, BORDERS & ORNAMENTS
METAL LEADS 6s SLUGS

IN STRIPS AND CUT

METAL FURNITURE
BRASS RULE

IN STRIPS AND LABOR-SAVING

HAND NUMBERING MACHINES
TYPOGRAPHIC
NUMBERING MACHINES

ANGLE INK KNIVES
AMERICAN PLATE BRUSHES
STAPLESET BENZINE 6s LYE BRUSHES
ALL-BRASS GALLEYS
PRESSED STEEL STORAGE GALLEYS
RUN-EASY TAPE COUPLERS

American Type Founders Company

LOCATION OF SELLING HOUSES

BOSTON MASS.
NEW YORK CITY
PHILADELPHIA, PA.
BALTIMORE, MD.

RICHMOND, VA.
BUFFALO, N. Y.
PITTSBURGH, PA.
CLEVELAND, OHIO

DETROIT, MICH.
CHICAGO, ILL.
CINCINNATI, OHIO
ST. LOUIS, MO.

MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.
KANSAS CITY, MO.
DENVER, COLO.
LOS ANGELES, CAL.

SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
PORTLAND, ORE.
SPOKANE, WASH.
WINNIPEG, CANADA

Set in members of the Cloister Family

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

The Foundation

SUCCESS, to he enduring, must be built
upon a firm foundation. The successful
printers of America owe their fortune to the
wisdom shown in laying the foundations of
their businesses.

Many of them started in a small way, and
developed a constantly increasing momentum.
When they were ready for a cylinder press they
chose a Miehle. They started right ; one at first
and then more, but always Miehles.

Are you ready to make your beginning?

MIEHLE PRINTING PRESS & MFG. CO.

Principal Office: FOURTEENTH AND ROBEY STREETS, CHICAGO

Sales Offices in the United States:

CHICAGO, ILL. . 1218 Monadnock Block DALLAS, TEX. ------ 411 Juanita Building

NEW YORK, N.Y. . 2840 Woolworth Building BOSTON, MASS. . 176 Federal Street

PHILADELPHIA, PA. - Commonwealth Trust Building SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. - - - - 401 Williams Building

ATLANTA, GA., Dodson Printers Supply Co.

DISTRIBUTORS for CANADA : Toronto Type Foundry Co., Ltd., Toronto, Can.

YOU NEVER, HEARD OF A MIEHLE BEING SCRAPPED

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

COUNTRIES.

Austria-Hungary .

Azores, and Maderia Island.

Belgium .

Bulgaria .

Denmark .

Finland .

France .

Germany .

Gibraltar .

Greece .

Iceland, and Faroe Islands . .

Italy .

Malta, Gozo, etc .

Netherlands .

Norway . . • - •

Portugal .

Roumania .

Russia in Europe .

Serbia, Montenegro, Albania.

Spain .

Sweden .

Switzerland .

Turkey in Asia .

Imports.

1915

$ 910 117
19 112
261 218
13 172
293 760

G 878 977
7 974 115
60

319 162

4 213 217
5 161
1 662 919
867 110
791 575

Rule and Figures
TABALINEotyped
Easily
Quickly
Accurately
“ALL-SLUG”

19 163

963 190
1 269 419
311 978

.1012 '
.1013 '
.1015 '
.1110'
.1111 '
.1112'
.1113'
.1115 '
.1210'
.1211 '
.1212'
.1213'
.1215 '
. 1310 '
.1311 '
. 1312 '

.6010'

.6110'

.6210'

.6310'

.6410'

.6510'

.6610'

.6710'

. 6811 '
.6911'
.7012'

160+10%
161+11%
262—12%
363+13%
464+1414
565 — 15%
666+1614
767+17%
8G8+I8I/2
969—19%
8 970-19%
8 871+18%
7 772+18%
7 673+17%
6 574—1614
6 4 75+151/2
5 376—14%
4 277+13%
4 178—12%
3 179+11%
3 190+101/2
2 191—11%
1 292+12%
1 394+131/2
1 495—1414

1916

61%

115%

1/2%

99%

166%

219%

210%

743/+

6 1 1 %

598%

64%

72%

362%

376

67%

72%

418%

462%

16%

12%

113%

117%

163%

169

161%

166%

72%

75%

79%

90%

93%

99%

93%

.101

1 "

$ 678 614
670

11 591 618
7 498 311
392 915
76 560
4 366
769
62
9

1 675 990

Exports.

1915

$15 760 475
9 679 361
575 267
4 162
976
78

66
869
9 561
16 467
373 671
7 578 174
12 170 979

1916

$ 678 614
670

11 591 618
7 498 311
392 915
76 560
4 366
769
62
9

i *675 ’990

NINE MONTHS ENDING MARCH

Imports.

1915

$15 760 475
9 679 361
575 267
4 162
976
78
7
66
869
9 561
16 467
373 671
7 578 174
12 170 979

1916

$ 678 614
670

11 591 618
7 498 311
392 915
76 560
4 366
769
62
9

i 675*990

Exports.

1915

$15 760 475
9 679 361
575 267
4 162
976
78
7
66
869
9 561
16 467
373 671
7 578 174
12 170 979

1916

$ 678 614
670

11 591 618
7 498 311
392 915
76 560
4 366
769
62
9

’i'675’990

Totals.

1915

$15 760 475
9 679 361
575 267
4 162
976
78

66
869
9 561
16 467
373 671
7 578 174
12 170 979

Try this on your Linotype
or Intertype

It’s Easy With The

MASTER KEYBOARD

Perfect Alignment — Simple Operation
No Wire Rules— “ALL-SLUG”— No Matrix Lugs

Full

Information

and

Price

Sent

Request

THE

r ■ ob rp

rt CNO
CNHO

COMPANY

Manufacturers and Selling Agents

Zent Tabular System for Linotypes

Troy, New York

*NOTE. This entire advertisement “ALL-SLUG,”
except display lines marked with a *

190

191
292
393
594
695
796
897

998

999
979
878
777
676
575
474
373
272
171
170
360
461
562
663
765

$ 110

$ . 190

$ 110

S _ 190 IS 110

$ . 190

$ no

$ . 190

$ no

1 111

: . 191

1 111

. 191

1 111

: . 191

1 111

: . i9i

1 111

2 212

. 292

2 212

9Q9

2 212

. 292

2 212

. 292

2 212

3 313

. 393

3 313

. 393

3 313

. 393

3 313

. 393

3 313

4 414

. 594

4 411

. 594

4 414

. 594

4 414

. 594

4 414

5 515

. 695

5 515

. 695

5 515

. 695

5 515

. 695

5 515

6 616

. 796

6 616

. 796

6 616

. 796

6 616

. 796

6 616

7 717

. 897

7 717

. 897

7 717

. 897

7 717

. 897.

7 717

8 818

. 998

8 818

. 998

8 818

. 998

8 818

. 998

8 818

9 919

. 999

9 919

. 999

9 919

. 999

9 919

. 999

9 919

9 999

979

9 999

.. 979

9 999

. 979

9 999

. 979

9 999

8 898

.. 878

8 898

. 878

8 898

. 878

8 898

. 878

8 898

7 797

777

7 797

. 777

7 797

. 777

7 797

. 777

7 797

6 696

.. 676

6 696

. 676

6 696

5 595

.. 575

5 595

. 575

5 595

. 575

5 595

. 575

5 595

4 494

. 474

4 494

.. 474

4 494

. 474

4 494

. 474

4 494

3 393

.. 373

3 393

. 373

3 393

. 373

3 393

. 373

3 393

2 292

979

9 *>qo

. 272

2 292

979

2 292

. 272

2 292

1 191

. 171

1 191

. 171

1 191

. 171

1 191

. 171

1 191

1 190

170

1 190

.. 170

1 190

. 170

1 ISO

. 170

1 190

4 561

. 360

4 561

. 360

4 561

. 360

4 561

. 360

4 561

5 662

. 461

5 662

. 461

5 662

. 461

5 662

6 763

. 562

6 763

. 562

6 763

. 562

6 763

. 562

6 763

7 864

. 663

7 864

. 663

7 864

. 663

7 864

. 663

7 864

9 266

. 765

9 266

. 765

9 266

. 765

9 266

878

977

974

115

319

162

213

217

161

662

919

867

110

791

575

163

217

113

963

190

269

419

311

978

1915

$ 910 117
19 112
264 218
13 172
293 760

61%

115%

172%

99%

166%

219%

210%

74%

611%

598%

64%

72%

362%

376

67%

72%

4181/2

462%

16%

12%

113%

117%

163%

169

161%

106%

72%

75%

79%

90%

93%

99%

93%

.1011 '
.1012 '
.1013 '
.1015'
.1110'
.1111 '
.1112'
.1113'
.1115 '
.1210'
.1211 '
.1212'
.1213'
.1215'
. 1310 '
.1311 '
.1312'

.6010'

.6110'

.6210'

.6310'

.6410'

.6510'

.6610'

.6710'

.6811'

.6911'

.7012'

1 160+10%
2 161+11%
" 262—12%
363+13%
464+14%
565—15%
666+16%
767+17%
9 868+18%
9 969—19%
8 970—19%
8 871+18%
772+lSy3
673+17%
574—16%
475+15%
376—14%
277+13%
178—123/1
179+11%
190+10%
191—11%
292+12%
394+13%
495—14%

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

Who Prints the Street Car Transfers in Your City?
Who Prints Department Store Sales Books?

__ n i tv m • | A restricted field — permanent

Who Prints the Movie tickets r and profitable business.

Who Prints all the Specialty Work in
your Territory — work on which you
can not compete with your ordi¬
nary equipment, but work which
offers greater profit because fewer
printers are equipped to handle it?

In specialty printing price-
competition is negligible.

YOU Gan Do This Line of
Profitable Work with a 3P—

Get in on the ground floor in your territory

before the field is dominated by another.

Build up a business wherein you will not

have to be continually withstanding the assaults of price-cutters
and those who, ignorant of costs, are killing the business in ordinary,
everyday commercial work. Specialization will halt the rising
costs of production. Specialize RIGHT where few are specializing.

If you are interested in more efficient production of certain kinds of
work, put your problems up to us. In all probability we have a press
that will enable you to dominate your field on certain lines at least.

Get in on the ground floor.

MEISEL

PRESS

The

Profitable

Specialty

Press

Begin thinking about it Now! Write MEISEL PRESS MFG. GO., Boston, Mass.

The Ideal Folder for the Small Work
of the Average Job Printing Office

Folds covers, leaflets, letters, 8-Page hook sections, in addition to various layouts of circulars, etc.

THE MENTGES

LETTER AND CIRCULAR

FOLDING MACHINE

A folding machine with a range of work so flexible that it may
be kept busy ALL THE TIME.

The No. 2 style, illustrated here, very economically handles the
small work of the large offices, and is equally profitable in the
small offices. An investment, not an expense.

From the standpoint of effective service rendered, this machine
embodies much more real value, price considered, than procurable
elsewhere.

Our “trial before purchase” plan eliminates the doubt. You
know exactly what it will do in your own plant. The machine
must sell itself, after installed, on its own individual merits.

Let us send you particulars and specifications.

MENTGES FOLDER CO., Sidney, Ohio, U. S. A.

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

s g

w J5

i ”3

« Q

£ g

03 O

■*=J

Cfl

-s

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

CINCINNATI, OHIO

SPRAGUE ELECTRIC

Automatic Control System for

Rotary Magazine Presses

The Sprague system of automatic control
means SAFETY FIRST for the operator.

We have developed this device to
a very high degree of perfection.

Write for Bulletin No, G-4.

SPRAGUE ELECTRIC WORKS

OF GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
Main Offieess

527-531 W. 34 th STREET. NEW YORK. N. Y.
BRANCH OFFICES IN PRINCIPAL CITIES

JAENECKE-
AULT COMPANY

CHA$. H, AULT, PRESIDENT & TREASURER

When Estimating

Figure higher on inks, for the
trend of prices is upwards.
Cheap inks may prove the
most expensive, being loaded
with adulterants. So buy the
Best— OURS I

Export orders intelligently executed
on satisfactory terms of payment.
Inquiries solicited.

MANUFACTURERS OF ■

FINE PRINTING & LITHOGRAPHIC INKS •

FACTORY & EXECUTIVE OFFICES. NEWARK.N.J.

BRANCHES; NEW YORK- CHICAGO -CLEVELAND

Our goods can also be obtained from
printers* suppliers everywhere

44JLU1

This is an Amp.rican rnrnnratinn owned and onerated bv Americans

Cut Handling

Costs

ONE man can do
the work of FIVE
if you give him a

STUEBING

truck and platforms.

Save $4.00 out of
every $3.00

Write for book “ System
in Trucking” and our
Special Offer.

ROKO Prevents Offset,
Picking and Crawling; Saves
Washup. For all colors of

Printing, Process and Lithographic Inks.
Costs less than ink — stretch reduces cost
to nothing. Recommended and sold by
the following jobbers :

BARNHART BROS. & SPINDLER, Chicago, Washington, D.C.,
St. Louis, St. Paul, Kansas City, Omaha and Dallas
McCUTCHEON BROS. & QUALITY - - - Philadelphia

MARK D. HARRIGAN - 310 No. Holliday St., Baltimore

WM. P. GREGG ... 4109 Jenkins Arcade, Pittsburg

R. M. MYERS & COMPANY . Rochester

GEBHARD PAPER COMPANY ..... Buffalo
MILWAUKEE PRINTERS’ ROLLER CO. - Milwaukee
GRAND RAPIDS ELECTROTYPE COMPANY, Grand Rapids
WESTERN NEWSPAPER UNION - - - - Des Moines

SOUTHERN ELECTROTYPE FOUNDRY - - Memphis

H. D. FARQUHAR - - 230 West 17th St., New York City

CARTER, RICE & CARPENTER PAPER CO. - - Denver

GEO. RUSSELL REED CO. ■ * San Francisco, Seattle

MILLER & RICHARD ..... Toronto, Canada

THE ROKG MFG. CO • « DENVER. COLO.

THE CHOICE OF THE GREATEST INDUSTRIES

LI FT TRUCKS

THE STUEBING TRUCK COMPANY

CINCINNATI. U. S. A.

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

Globetypes’’ are machine etebed halftones and electrosjfrom halftones by an exclusive process
NicKelsieel Globetypes’ are the supreme achievement in duplicating printing plates.

HALFTONES
ZINC ETCHINGS
WOOD 6 WAX
ENGRAVINGS
COLOR PLATES

nickel-steel

Telephone, Harrison 5260 “5261 “5262 All Departments

This NICKELSTEEL “ GLOBETYPE” has been used in every issue of The Inland Printer since October, 1912. Note that the printing

quality does not show perceptible deterioration.

A Battery of Six Profit-Producing Job Presses Equipped with Doyle-Allen Ink Dist

ributors

The Doyle-Allen Ink Distributor

HIS profit-producing attachment will increase the capacity of your job
presses for larger work, and improve the quality of all job work generally.
Overcomes streaking. Does away with double rolling of heavy forms.
Our Vibrator is the only one that runs through hot weather without running down the rollers.

1 he Doyle-Allen Ink Distributor is the only
distributor for job presses on which the vibrating
roller is positively driven by gears in combination
with a rack at side of press. The experience of
practical printers, who are now using it, proves

that it not only saves time and
material, but also produces
cleaner and better results on
all work. Send for samples
of work and booklet.

For Sale by All Leading Supply Houses

Britton &r Doyle

Press Room Efficiency Appliances

202 Caxton Building CLEVELAND

There are some seven hundred Doyle-Allen
Ink Distributors in operation in approximately five
hundred plants. This shows that a large percent¬
age of our business has been repeat orders, and
that there is real merit in this device. Have your
job presses equipped with
Doyle-Allen Ink Distribu¬
tors if you want them to
produce better and more
profitable work.

: ~ . mi . . . mi . mil . iiiiiiiiii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mi 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 in 1 1 1 1 ■ . . . . . mil . in . .

43x56 In. Adjustable
Rotary Press

MINIMUM SHEET 26x34 INCHES
Cuts Anything Between

THIS PRESS PRINTS TWO
COLORS ON TOP AND ONE
COLOR ON REVERSE SIDE
OF THE WEB

KIDDER PRESS CO • 9 Main Office and Works, Dover, N. H.

New York Office: 261 Broadway

GIBBS-BROWER CO., Agents

REPRESENTED IN ALL PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD

U&e
Wndercook
Proof Presses

Win Endorsement of Printers of
<3/? e Saturday Evening "Post
After Thorough and Crucial Tests

What Could Give Greater Assurance of Their Superiority?

The VANDERCOOK COMPOSING-ROOM CYLINDER is the only machine
that has been able to meet the exacting requirements of the big printing plant where
the leading publication of the world in point of size, circulation and volume of advertising is printed.

To save time in make-ready on the presses everything
to be printed must first give perfectly printed copies on
the Vandercooks without make-ready. Think of putting
such a proposition up to a proof press !

In accomplishing that result and in enabling the pub¬
lisher to furnish advertisers with perfectly printed
proofs, the Vandercook proves its claim to a unique
position not reached by any other proof press.

On top of that, Remember There Has Been no Increase in
Price of Vandercook Proof Presses on Account of the War

In face of rising costs of all machinery and supplies for printers it is refreshing to know that the
price of Vandercook Proof Presses remain the same as before the war. Our sales policy — from
maker to user— eliminating the middle-man’s profit, is responsible for this great advantage to you.

WRITE TO-DAY

For full particulars on
the several models — one
of which will suit your
individual requirements.

THE VANDERCOOK PRESS

559-565 WEST LAKE STREET
CHICAGO, ILL.

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

SWE

RAPID PRODUCTION

CUTTER

The difficulties of making a cutting machine you do not care about. It is not
what goes into a cutter but what comes out that counts. Increases of from three
hundred per cent to six hundred per cent in production are not uncommon on
Oswego Cutting Machines. Does this interest you?

OSWEGO MACHINE WORKS

NIEL GRAY, Jr., Proprietor

OSWEGO, NEW YORK, U. S. A.

New York Office: Room 2720, Grand Central Terminal
Cutting Machines Exclusively

Ninety Sizes and Styles. All generally in stock for instant shipment. The Oswego and the Brown & Carver, 1 6-inch to
108-inch. For Paper, Board, Cloth, Foil, Leather, Celluloid, Rubber, Cork, Etc.

Sent on request: The remarkable list of SOME USERS, embracing the entire globe.

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

The Miller Feeder and the
Labor Problem

Why be dependent upon man labor to feed your platen
presses during these strenuous times when two Miller
Platen Press Feeders and one operator to look after all
form changes and machine adjustments will deliver
more work than four men feeders f

We can prove in your own shop and under your own
conditions that the Miller Feeder is as indispensable a
money saver as the Miller Saw-Trimmer, the standard¬
izing machine for the composing room.

The Miller Feeder is compact, simple to adjust and to

operate, minimizes spoilage,
insures steady feeding with
perfect register, doubles pro¬
duction and reduces operat¬
ing cost.

With a further shortage of
labor inevitable, wise printers
are adding Miller Feeders as
the only means of solving
their big problem.

Over 1700 Miller Feeders in Successful Operation

WRITE FOR DESCRIPTIVE MATTER AND PRICES

MILLER SAW-TRIMMER CO.

Main Office and Factory, PITTSBURGH, PA.

NEW YORK OFFICE, 60 BEEKMAN ST. CHICAGO OFFICE, 550 S. CLARK ST.

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

The Delphos

A Press of Prestige

A TWO-REVOLUTION PRESS AND MECHANICAL FEEDER

A PRODUCTION increase of ten per cent,
-**■1 without increase in operating cost, will jus¬
tify any printing press owner in replacing present
equipment with the more modern kind.

Delphos Two- Revolution Presses and Mechani¬
cal Feeders are showing their owners from thirty
to one hundred per cent production increase
over hand-fed pony presses of any make.

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

A. Word to all Manufacturers of and Deal¬
ers in Equipment and Supplies for Printers:

Have you got

Foresight?

Leading National Advertisers, including the most
phenomenal success of the age, Henry Ford, keep on
advertising even though oversold or handicapped
in manufacture by shortage of labor and supplies.

Because they know the war will end some day,
because they know conditions will become
normal again — yes, better than normal — and because they
do not want to be forgotten by future buyers of their products.

The logic of that policy applies to the man¬
ufacturers of and dealers in printers’ equip¬
ment and supplies as forcibly as in any field.

“Who makes it? Where?" and other questions are being
asked every day and will be asked in the future, after the war.

The manufacturer or dealer who has kept his name, business, product,
address, etc., in The Inland Printer consistently, whether oversold
or undersold, will reap the reward of foresight in maintaining that
most valuable asset — GOOD-WILL.

With three times the circulation of any other journal in its field, with
the good-will of thousands of buyer-readers for whom it has served
as a buying guide for thirty years, The Inland Printer is the logical
medium for maintaining the good-will of manufacturers in the print¬
ing and allied industries.

Foresight is Better than Hindsight—

Maintain the prestige of your produce, your good-will — or build
up a prestige and good-will by judicious advertising at all times

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

The Leading Trade Journal of the World in the Printing and Allied Industries
HARRY HILLMAN, Editor

LEADING ARTICLES IN THIS ISSUE

How to Start' a Productive Advertising Service . 33

By William Wolfson.

Salesman in Blunder-Land, A — The Fifth Year . 37

By Michael Gross.

Practical Hints on Embossing . . 41

By Robert F. Salade.

From Copyholder to Proofreader — No. i . 43

By H. B. Cooper.

One Human Weakness, The . 46

By Edgar White.

Printing and the Fourth Lutheran Centennial . 54

By Henry Lewis Bullen.

Printers’ Marks in Architecture . 59

System in the Proofroom . 60

By Mae Fairfield.

Editors, Proofreaders and Operators . 62

By F. Horace Teall.

Estimating Costs on Job-Work . 82

By G. F. D arrow.

Haven for Editorial Brain-Fag, A . 85

By Edgar White.

Printer’s Calendar, A . 92

By Jay Glenn Holman.

United Typothetae and Franklin Clubs of America Convention — A Review of 94

By Harry Hillman.

Complete classified index will be found on page 141

PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY

THE INLAND PRINTER COMPANY

632 Sherman St., Chicago, U. S. A.

Address all communications to The Inland Printer Company

TERMS: United States $3.00 a year in advance; Canada, $3.50. Single copies, 30 cents. Foreign, $3.85 a year

Entered as second-class matter, June 25, 1885, at the Postoffice at Chicago, Illinois, under Act of March 3, 1879.

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

The Whitaker
Paper Co.

Cincinnati - Ohio

Birmingham Detroit
Atlanta

Bay State Division

BOSTON

Smith, Dixon Division
BALTIMORE

New York Office,

Astor Trust Building

Chicago Office,

208 S. La Salle Street

Letters that get to

‘‘The Man Higher Up

THE private secretary who censors the daily
mail of “the man higher up” is influenced
both by the physical appearances and the
subject-matter in determining which letters
shall be handled by the clerical force and which shall
receive personal attention.

A letter neatly written on Worthmore Bond has a
distinct advantage over the mass of incoming mail
in any office. The quality of the stock is apparent
at a glance. The deft fingers of the mail clerk sense
its fineness. There is just enough “crackle” to
enlist the sense of hearing on the side with the
senses of sight and touch.

Ninety-seven items in stock.

Samples and Prices on request.

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

115

The BETTER Machine

INTERTYPE

- CORPORATION - —

INTERTYPE

MODEL A, $2100 MODEL B, $2600

Single Magazine Tavo Magazines

MODEL C, $3000

Three Magazines

Side Magazine Unit, Applied Before Shipment, $150 Extra

A composing machine which requires much time for
adjustments and repairs is a pretty expensive proposi¬
tion, however versatile it may appear to be.

All Intertypes — the versatile multiple - magazine
models as well as single-magazine machines- — are so
simple and durable that loss of time due to complicated
design or delicate construction is an unknown factor
among Intertype users.

NEW YORK CHICAGO NEW ORLEANS

World Building Old Colony Building 539 Carondelet Street

SAN FRANCISCO
86 Third Street

U. P. M. — The Trade-Mark of Quality

Chapman Electric Neutralizer
Expels Static Electricity

IT will remove all possi¬
bility of such a sight
as this ever being seen in
your pressroom again.

The cost of presswork sim¬
ply cannot be estimated with
reasonable certainty on any
press in any plant — large or
small — not equipped with a
Chapman Electric Neutralizer.

Prepare now for cold weather,
when static electricity is most
costly. Let us tell you more
about the Neutralizer.

United Printing Machinery Company

i)0 £ast ijth St.

New York.

too Summer St.

BOSTON

325 S Market St'

Chicago

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lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllf;

116

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

As the floor space in our plant covers
over seven acress it would take con¬
siderable time to locate an executive
when in the plant. With the Autocall
it can be done quickly.

The Forbes Litho. Mfg. Co.

Boston , Mass .

Printing, lithography and kindred
lines probably require more super¬
vision than any other business. Con¬
stant demands are being made upon
the executives and the mechanical
staff — demands that must be taken
care of promptly if deliveries are
to be made when promised.

The experience of the Forbes Litho¬
graphing Co. is typical of many
others. Before the installation of the
Autocall, telephones and messengers
were used in endeavoring to find
men who were wanted. That method
was slow and often unsuccessful.

When they installed the

every man whose duties took him
out of one department was given a
signal. Now, any one of those men
can be located instantly, and without
disturbing anyone else.

In your plant, there are men who
are needed whose whereabouts
are often unknown. In your plant
the Autocall would locate such men
instantly and would undoubtedly
save enough to quickly repay its cost.

We have a plan whereby you can
determine the saving before pur¬
chasing. May we explain it to you?

An important feature that may
be installed with Autocall ser¬
vice, is the automatic fire alarm

201 Tucker Avenue

Compositors
Strike Now!

The Iron is Hot !
Opportunity Awaits You!

Are you dissatisfied with the opportu¬
nities for advancement offered in your
present employment?

There’s a field for you in the
growing business of Advertising.

Natural qualifications by reason of which
you are admirably fitted for the field of
salesmanship and advertising may lie dor¬
mant in you, which, if developed, will place
you with little effort in an uncrowded,
lucrative and pleasant profession.

Your experience as a compositor will
be a big help in Advertising. You already
intimately know many essentials which
the man from the store, the office or the
college must learn while he is mastering
the science of advertising and salesman¬
ship. No doubt about it, your knowledge
of types, their arrangement and possibili¬
ties, will prove a godsend to you in the
study of advertising.

The future holds much promise for
Advertising men. The demand for copy¬
writers, layout men and advertising man¬
agers will be greater than ever before as
competition in business becomes keener.

Our Home Study Course

Can be pursued during the long winter evenings
near at hand. You will read considerable any¬
way, so why not read for profit? New opportunities
will await you in the spring. If you live in Chicago
you can attend our evening resident classes.

Free Personal Analysis

Students for this course are not accepted blindly. It is not
a question of securing enrolments; it is a question of obtain¬
ing men who are adapted to the advertising business. You
may not be eligible for admission ; many are turned away;
but if our analysis shows you are capable of completing the
course to your own satisfaction and ours, you will be
accepted. Y our success, then , is practically guaranteed. Your
success is even more vital to us than to you — we realize that
fully. We seek our success in your achievement
— not on your blasted hopes.

Write at once for prospectus, containing terms, com¬
plete outline of course and personal analysis chart
for determining your adaptability. You owe this to
yourself — to your future. Do so at once. Let no precious
lime be lost. Write name and address on margin below.

George Washington Institute

Founded by Napoleon Hill

Successor to Bryant & Stratton School of Advertising

Dept. 2239, 80 E. Randolph St., Chicago
Write name and address on margin, clip, and mail to us.

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

117

Announcement of Prize Winners
Patriotic Poster Contest

First Prize . $200.00. . . . J. ERNEST TREVETT

Care of Cussons, May & Co., Inc., Richmond, Va.

Second Prize . $100.00 . ARMAND MOREDA

Care of American Litho. Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Third Prize $50.00 . FRANK W. PRICE

Care of Thomas G. Plant Co.f Boston, Mass.

Out of the large number of designs offered, the results finally simmered
down to those submitted by the gentlemen mentioned above.

COMMITTEE OF AWARDS:

Mr. Arthur S. Allen, Mr. G. Frederick Kalkhoff,

Mr. John Clyde Oswald.

IDEAL COATED PAPER CO.

BROOKFIELD, MASS.

PRINTING AND LITHOGRAPHIC

INKS

DRY COLORS, VARNISHES

WORLD’S STANDARD 3 AND 4 COLOR
PROCESS INKS

SPECIAL OFFSET INKS

NEW YORK: 154-6-8 West Eighteenth Street
CHICAGO: 536-8 South Clark Street

IIU

LOMGREN
ROS S CO.

Designers

Engravers

Electroiypers

Nickeltypers

312 Sherman St.

CHICAGO

118

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

System of Automatic
Temperature Control

LINOTYPE MONOTYPE STEREOTYPE MATRIX TABLE

The efficiency of your entire plant is in
direct ratio to the equipment
you employ.

No obsolete machine or instrument can compete
successfully with the up-to-date equipment used
for a like purpose.

The skill of your operators is in direct ratio to
their environment as it exists in your plant. The
essentials of this environment are not the wall
decorations or the lighting effects. The essentials
deal directly with the up-to-dateness of the
equipment and routine methods you' employ.

If you think we can not increase the efficiency of
your plant by the means we employ, you are
mistaken and if you raise the question with us,
you will know why.

We guarantee the equipment we furnish and service
we render » . „ We invite yam bams* fide inquiries .

H. E. GILBERT CO., Inc.

50 Church Street, New York, N. Y.

The MonitorSystem

of automatic machine control secures
maximum production from motor-
driven printing machinery to which it
is applied. Requires the least possible
adjustment to meet wide ranges of
speed variation — and once adjusted
takes none of the operator’s time —
his entire efforts can be devoted
to production.

Let us tell you all about this Original
System and the possibilities of its
application to your requirements.

MonitorController

Company

BALTIMORE, MD.

New York Chicago Boston Philadelphia

PRINTING INKS
LITHO INKS
VARNISHES
DRYERS
etc.

SINCLAIR & VALENTINE CO.

Main Office and Factory: 603-611 West 129th Street, New York City
New York City— 245 Seventh Avenue, cor. 24th Street

Boston, Mass.
Philadelphia. Pa.

Cleveland, O.
Chicago, III.

BRANCHES

St. Louis, Mo.
Baltimore, Md.

New Orleans, La.
Toronto, Can.

Winnipeg, Can.
Montreal, Can.

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

119

When your prospect opens that letter
you are going to score a hit with him!

Stick a stamp on every other letter you
send him. These little jolts will give
him new ideas about printing and
— he’s going to think of you when he
thinks of printing — he’s going to re¬
member your house when your sales¬
man calls.

Get his range and keep
on firing.

The more shots you fire
the better your chances
of making an opening in
his line of defence.

Load one of these little high -explosive
poster stamps in your letter to a pros¬
pective customer.

Slip it in the mail!

This is the kind of muni¬
tions that insures victory.

Hammer mill Paper

120

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

These poster stamps free
to printers

Write to us on your business
stationery and you will re¬
ceive your stamps in a few
days. No obligation on your
side — we’re only too glad to
help you.

Hammermill Bond helps the sale of printing. Hammer-
mill advertising helps the printer sell his product. Here
is a list of Hammermill portfolios. Send for the ones you
want to show your customers. Better have the whole
set if you can use them. They are free to any printer.

PORTFOLIOS OF HAMMERMILL BOND

A separate special Portfolio for each line of business listed below

Banks and Trust Companies
Mail Order Houses
Insurance Companies
Department Stores
Railroads
Wholesale Houses
Hotels and Clubs

Schools and Colleges
General Business Firms
Advertising Departments and
Agencies

Newspaper and Magazine
Publishers
Farms and Estates

Inter-Office
Retail Stores
Professional Men
State and Municipal Depart¬
ments

Real Estate and Insurance
Hospitals and Institutions

Portfolios that apply to any line of business

The Signal System (use of colored papers to in¬
crease office efficiency)

Vital Statistics (forms designed by efficiency ex¬
perts)

How Your Letterhead Can Help to Sell Your
Product

Form and Follow-Up Letters at Less Cost
How to Standardize Your Stationery

Portfolios for Printers, Lithographers and Engravers

Special Portfolio for Printers (all printed samples)
Special Portfolio for Lithographers (all litho¬
graphed samples)

Special Portfolio for Engravers (all engraved
samples)

Portfolio of Letterheads and Forms designed by
Will Bradley

Portfolio of Printed Letterheads
Portfolio of Circulars, Price Lists, etc., on Ham¬
mermill Bond

Portfolio of Hammermill Bond Envelopes
Small Coat Pocket sample books showing all col¬
ors and finishes

^MERa if
LedgerH

SAIFIW

COVE!

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

121

ALL

DEALERS

SELL

THEM

WETTER

NUMBERING MACHINES have
ten features not embodied in
any other make. Investigate
before you purchase.

The Improved Depressible
Cipher keeps it in a class by
itself.

Boston

Model

SEND FOR

CATALOGUE

Wetter Numbering Machine Co., 255 Classon Ave., Brooklyn, N.Y., U.S. A.

Printers —

If you want to produce

Highest Quality
Printing

at Least Cost

use

HUBER’S

PRINTING

INKS

J. M. HUBER “sssasr*

JOHN MIEHLE. Jr., Mgr.

NEW YORK BOSTON PHILADELPHIA BALTIMORE

ST. LOUIS SAN FRANCISCO OMAHA CINCINNATI

FactsThat Stick

They Concern

GUMMED PAPER

and Your Profits

A safe 90% of the laity knows nothing about j

the advantages of gummed paper as an impres¬
sive and inexpensive Advertising Medium.
Doesn’t it look like good business to grasp such
an opportunity — to talk THIS KIND OF
PUBLICITY to your customers — to secure
attractive Color Printing Contracts — the sort
that repeats? THERE IS AN EXCELLENT
PROFIT IN SUCH WORK.

We want to help you cultivate this market. If
you will dig up the prospects and write us or our
agents concerning the character of the work to
be done, we will promptly furnish you samples of
the particular type of GUMMED PAPER best
adapted to your needs — quote you prices and
co-operate with you in any other way we can.

Samuel Jones & Co.

WAVER I. Y PARK, N. J.

Ticonderoga Pulp & Paper Company

200 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY

Our products are known for their absolute uniformity in every particular.

Unsurpassed for Booklets and Catalogues in
which either half-tones or line cuts are used.

Specialties: Egg Shell, Special Magazine, English Finish, School Text and Music

122

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

The Taylor Registering Projector

For Registering Forms Before They Go to Press

Is a great advance over any other method of making up forms.
It has proved a money-maker for progressive printers.

It Saves the Time That Costs Most

The Taylor Registering Projector Co.

BALTIMORE, MARYLAND

HORTON

Variable Speed
Pulleys

Combine

Service,

Economy

and

Durability

ON THE JOB
ALWAYS

Write for Circular.

Horton Manufacturing Co.

MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

SAVE
TIME

in Your

Pressroom

- 1

Lost time in the

pressroom costs f
more than in any |
other department. j

The lifting of stock from the floor ,
to the feed-board is sheer waste.

Most modern printing-plants
have recognized this and installed

Rouse Paper Lifts

Our future sales in these plants will take
care of themselves.

What we want to do is to demonstrate
the savings possible by their use in
plants not so equipped.

If your plant is one of these, write
for our booklet , “ Rouse- Handling' ’

vs. Man-Handling .” j

H. B. ROUSE & CO.

2214 Ward St., Chicago

Increase

Press Production

1,000

Impressions
Per Day !

Can

You Ignore
That?

HICKOK

Automatic Paper Feeder

When you purchase a Hickok Feeder you derive much
more profit than we do. We get our profit from a
machine, while your profit extends over a long term
of years. Before buying a feeder, look over all makes

carefully — you will then decide on a HICKOK.

W rite for prices and circular of names and letters
of satisfied users.

THE W. O. HICKOK MFG. CO.

HARRISBURG. PA., U. S. A.

Paper Ruling Machines, Ruling Pens and Bookbinders’ Machinery

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

123

Your Stationery Should Represent Your
Opinion of Your Business

The stationery that a printing-house uses should he representa¬
tive. If you tell your customers that Letter printed matter means
Letter business, you should prove the case Ly taking, your own
medicine. Will you fairly answer these questions? Does your
letter -heading, represent your work and your ideals? Are you
willing, to say that your letter-heading, stands for your conception
of the Lest the modern master printer offers? For your use we
recommend

There is something, much more significant in this
recommendation than a desire to sell Old Hampshire
Bond. We believe that Old Hampshire Bond repre¬
sents the spirit of the new printer. It stands for quality,
as against price cutting,. It stands for a standard price,
as against shifty estimating,. It stands for thought¬
ful service, as against slipshod methods. Fifteen years
of advertising have told the public these things,
and the national reputation Old Hampshire Bond
holds will work for you if you give it an opportunity.

HAMPSHIRE PAPER COMPANY

We are the Only Paper Makers in the World Making Bond Paper Exclusively
SOUTH HADLEY FALLS, MASSACHUSETTS

124

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

Knives?

Never have we lost a customer on account of quality- — price, a few
but they generally come back. A poor knife is dear at any price. Why
don’t YOU write for our prices ?

THE L. & I. J. WHITE CO., 33 Columbia Street, BUFFALO, N. Y.

There’s something about Snowdrift that makes the recipient
want to keep it; it looks nice, feels nice and is so unusual.
That is why samples of good printing and fine stationery
are sure to contain specimens of work on Snowdrift.

Snowdrift is a perfect printing stock. It is made to take
clean, clear impressions from type, with practically no
make-ready, no offsetting, and with very effective results.
The texture is soft and firm, with a smooth, satiny finish.

Snowdrift is such a dazzling white that all other “white”
papers appear deeply tinted beside it. Snowdrift has
decided novelty, also quiet dignity, and the “character”
required by business men for correspondence paper.

THE PRICE IS MODERATE
Send for Samples and Prices

Mountain Mill Paper Company

Lee, Berkshire County, Massachusetts

NASHUA

** GUMMED
PAPER

t&R^ i

NON CURLING

EXTRY STRONG

STICKS TIGHT

EASY TO PRINT

UNIFORM COLOR

FAIR PRICE

Well Made
W ell Packed

Dependability is one of the
qualities that makes Indian
Brand Gummed Paper so
thoroughly satisfactory. Its
printing surface is invari¬
ably finished to the exact
degree that insures clear,
brilliant impressions from
type; it adheres instantly
when properly moistened,
but not before; it reaches
you in perfect condition,
dry and unwrinkled. In the
press it lies fiat and smooth,
remarkably like any good,
ungummed stock.

Have you samples ?

I f not, write us.

Nashua Gummed &
Coated Paper Co.

Nashua, New Hampshire

This Low-Deck, Two-Side Ruling Machine

is for both striking and feint-line — can be changed
from striker to feint-line quickly — a most com¬
plete proposition.

Note illustration showing details of construction.
Unlike others, any make self-feeder can be
attached.

Write for our new illustrated catalogue and
price-list.

F. E. and B. A. DEWEY

SPRINGFIELD, MASS.

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

125

STANDBYS

In your desk or in your memory
there is a list of articles and brands
on which you know you can rely.

ESLEECK’S

THIN PAPERS

deserve to be among your “STANDBYS,”
if they are not now.

®ESLEECkTtHI N PAPERS®

MFC,. COMP^li-'''''^

The Esleeck Specialties are Onion Skins, Manifolds
andThin Bonds, in colors and white. They are made
of the best rag stock — loft dried and well finished.

These STANDBYS are sold by leading paper jobbers.

Ask Department B for samples.

Esleeck Mfg. Company

TURNERS FALLS, MASS.

•+

‘ Checks are

money” _ — _

SaJty

(EapxQ

Your share of the
responsibility

Do you know some bank that fails to
supply checks made on paper that is proof
against alteration? Then you share its
responsibility.

If that bank had your knowledge of paper
and understood how successfully it can
be tampered with, don’t you think it
would use safe checks?

Aside from your own interests, shouldn’t
you convince that bank of the risk it
runs? You have a motive beyond your
own profit in recommending checks on
National Safety Paper.

Send for samples of National

Safety Paper.

George LaMonte & Son

Founded 1871

61 Broadway, New York City

■

■;

vY.

Electricity and the
Printing Plant

Electricity is being used more ex¬
tensively each year. This is due to
its many advantages- — -also to —

Westinghouse

Electrical Equipment

Few installations are exactly alike. Each
needs individual consideration. Here’s
where Westinghouse is exceptionally well
equipped to serve you.

For not only does the Westinghouse
Engineering staff include a great number
of experts in design and application, but
every engineer commands the knowledge
of every other engineer in the big
Westinghousecorps. This, together with
equipment that bears the Westinghouse
trade mark assures you of the highest
quality of product and UNFAILING
DEPENDABILITY.

-4 — Write for Booklet 31 8S
Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co.

East Pittsburgh, Pa.

Challenge Rigid-Rim Steel Galleys

Provision is made for drainage of
cleaning fluids, a patented feature
Easy to Lift. which prevents rust or corrosion.

The bottom is of standard thick¬
ness, causing no inconvenience in proof-taking when used with other galleys.

THE CHALLENGE RIGID-RIM GALLEY fills every requirement of the
expensive brass galley at a cost approximately eighty-jive per cent less. Its
price is so low that it can be used for storage purposes, and as such is far
superior to the ordinary storage galley. Made in all standard job and news
sizes, also single, double and triple column mailing sizes with closed ends.
Sold by type founders and dealers in all principal cities.

THESE galleys are made from high-grade sheet steel possessing a smooth,
accurate surface, suitable for fine proofing. The steel rims are electrically
welded to the bottom, making the
whole as one solid piece. These rims
serve a three - fold purpose : they
make the galley rigid and strong,
furnish a convenient finger hold for
lifting a loaded galley from the case
or stone and prevent contents of
galley from coming in contact with
steel runs of galley cabinet when
used for storage purposes.

FREE SAMPLE — a small single-column seven-inch sample galley will be
sent postpaid to any established printer. Write for it to-day.

Wide Rims Protect Contents of Galley.

THE CHALLENGE MACHINERY CO.

Chicago, 124 S. 5th Ave. GRAND HAVEN, MICH. New York, 38 Park Row

Whiting’s Business Announcements

Meet the demand for
Announcements , Ci rcu-
lars, Removal Notices,

Wedding Invitations
and kindred purposes.

Install a

SAMPLE BOOK

and eliminate the risk of soiled and damaged stock on your shelves. This
book contains a wide variety of styles, tints and finishes to select from
and enables you to meet every requirement of the most exacting cus¬
tomer. The installation of this book entails no expense to you. We carry
stock of all numbers represented and can make immediate deliveries.

Whiting Paper Company

Fourteenth St. and Seventh Ave.

NEW YORK

Mills at Holyoke, Massachusetts

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

127

Specify AMERICAN when ordering

AMERICAN

Model 30

Wheels

$722

AMERICAN NUMBERING
MACHINE CO.

224-226 Shepherd Ave. . Brooklyn* N. Y.
123 W. Madison St. . . . Chicago, Ill.

2 Cooper St. . . Manchester, England

Model 31

AMERICAN

BEST MACHINE
MADE

In stock and for sale by

STEEL
THROUGHOUT

Dealers

Everywhere

^ Wheels $822

Put the binding into
Bookbinding by using

REX binds — ask us why
Then you try . Then you buy
For the reason why
And a sample to try

Address

PATENT CEREALS CO.

GENEVA, NEW YORK

#E<§> Sfo@CIb>imTm@

Commended for Commercial
Stationery

Beautiful, Practical and Inexpensive

The inexpensive paper that has other qualities to
recommend it besides its low price is a “find” for
printer and customer. ©lb iidjelbirntr combines real
attractiveness with good practical business qualities
at a remarkably small cost.

The difference between ©lb Ulirlburttp and other
low-priced papers is in the finish, ©lit S’ljplbuntr
is carefully loft-dried and hand plated. The result¬
ing sheet has a finish that would do credit to many a
higher-priced stock in appearance and in practical
usefulness. This splendid finish and firm texture
make printing on ©lb Udjclburnc easy and satisfactory.

In color, ©lb €>l)plburttp is a clean, clear white,
©lb S’ljrlhurttP wears well; it is an entirely suitable
and pleasing stock for stationery, booklets, folders
and all such business purposes. e

Have you plenty of Samples?

Price to Printers: 19 Cents per Pound, in Case Lots,

East of the Mississippi

Mountain Mill Paper Company

Lee, Berkshire County, Massachusetts

PATENT BASES

WARNOCK and §?tcrltti(j Systems

A combination that offers 100% efficiency in make-up of forms and register of plates.

Speed, Flexibility, Durability, Economy.

WARNOCK DIAGONAL BLOCK AND REGISTER HOOK SYSTEM.

Fastest and most accurate plate-mounting device known to the trade. One-third the
weight of steel and more durable.

Sterling Aluminum Expansion Book Block System
Sterling Aluminum Sectional Flat Top System

SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED LITERATURE AND FULL INFORMATION

552 S. Clark Street THE PRINTING MACHINERY CO. 461 Eighth Avenue

CHICAGO Main Office and Factory: Third and Lock Streets, CINCINNATI, OHIO NEW YORK

128

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

□r

ACC UR A

and

c Y

ELIMINATE THE UNCERTAINTIES REGARDING THE
QUALITY OF ENGRAVING-SEND US YOUR ORDERS

COLOR PLATES, HALFTONES, ZINC ETCH¬
ING, STAMPING AND EMBOSSING DIES

PHOTO-CHROMOTYPE ENGRAVING COMPANY

920 RACE STREET PHILADELPHIA, PA.

KIMBLE

CMOIORS

This Mark

On an alternating current motor means high alternat¬
ing current efficiency and real satisfaction for the user.
It means absolute and adequate speed control with
alternating current.

Kimble single phase variable speed alternating current
motors give an infinite variety of speeds, any speed
within the entire speed range being available to the
operator. These motors are giving excellent results on
printing-presses and other machinery requiring a wide
range of speeds.

1-9

Kimble motors are current savers. They consume cur¬
rent in proportion to the speed of operation, and that
means a mighty big saving every month — especially
on low speed presswork. That is why Kimble motors
are paying for themselves.

The Kimble mark on a motor not only means
speed control, but it means high quality of
materials and accuracy of workmanship.

Kimble Electric Company

635 N. Western Ave., Chicago, Illinois

On a Motor

Please Mention The Inland Printer When Writing to Advertisers.

129

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